Semantic Aspects of Semantic Aspects of TranslationTranslation

Gary G. HendrixGary G. Hendrix

Semantic Aspects of Translation 2

ContentsContentsIntroductionPhase I: Semantic CompositionPhase II: QuantificationThe Use of Case Information

Semantic Aspects of Translation 3

IntroductionIntroductionThe subject of this chapter

The utilization of semantic knowledge in the process of understanding spoken inputs as practiced in the SRI speech understanding

Semantic Aspects of Translation 4

IntroductionIntroductionThree functions in the understanding process

Filtering out phrase combinationsBuilding deep, internal structuresMaking predictions

In this chapter, the major emphasis will be on the first two

Semantic Aspects of Translation 5

ExampleExample

“General.Dynamics built the American submarine”

Semantic Aspects of Translation 6

PHASE I: Semantic PHASE I: Semantic CompositionComposition

Acoustic stream

Network fragment

Semantic Composition

Rule (SCR)

Knowledge Space

ResultAdd Property Lists

Semantic Aspects of Translation 7

PHASE I: Semantic CompositionPHASE I: Semantic Composition“A power plant of a submarine was built by a comp

any”

Semantic Aspects of Translation 8

““A power plant of a submarine was built by a coA power plant of a submarine was built by a company”mpany” Grammar

R1: S => NP VP

R2: NP => NP PREPP

R3: VP=> VP PREPP

R4: PREPP => PREP NP

Lexicon

NP: a-power-plant,

a-submarine,

a-company

VP: was-built

PREP: of, by

Semantic Aspects of Translation 9

PHASE I: Semantic CompositionPHASE I: Semantic Composition

PHRASE INTERPRETATION

NP1 (‘P’ . NP1)NP2 (‘S’ . NP2)NP3 (‘C’ . NP3)NP4 (‘P’ . NP4)PREP1 pre netPREP2 pre netPREPP1 (‘C’ . NP3)PREPP2 (‘S’ . NP2)S1 (‘B’ . S1)S2 (‘B’ . S2)VP1 (‘B’ . VP1)VP2 (‘B’ . VP2)

Semantic Aspects of Translation 10

PHASE I: Semantic CompositionPHASE I: Semantic CompositionInteracting with Discourse

“General.Dynamics built the American submarine”

“General.Dynamics built the Henry.L.Stimson”

The actual task of relating “the American submarine” to the Henry.L.Stimson is performed by the discourse component

Described fully in Chapter XI

Semantic Aspects of Translation 11

GrammarR1: S => NP VP

R2: VP => VP NP

R3: NP=> N

R4: NP => ART MOD N

Lexicon

NP: General.Dynamics,

submarine,

VP: built

MOD: American

ART: a, an, the

Semantic Aspects of Translation 12

PHASE I: Semantic CompositionPHASE I: Semantic CompositionResult of the quantification procedure (Phase II)

Semantic Aspects of Translation 13

PHASE I: Semantic PHASE I: Semantic CompositionCompositionOther Aspects of the SCRs

Multiple Node Lexical Entries•“beam of the Henry.L.Stimson”•“beam of 33 feet”

Semantic Aspects of Translation 14

PHASE I: Semantic CompositionPHASE I: Semantic CompositionEquiv Arcs

•“The Henry.L.Stimson is a ship.”

Semantic Aspects of Translation 15

PHASE II: QuantificationPHASE II: Quantification“Did General.Dynamics build every Lafayette?”

The result of Phase I“General.Dynamics built a Lafayette.”

Semantic Aspects of Translation 16

PHASE II: QuantificationPHASE II: QuantificationThe Quantifiers

Semantic Aspects of Translation 17

““DidDid General.Dynamics build General.Dynamics build everyevery Lafayette?” Lafayette?”

Semantic Aspects of Translation 18

““DidDid General.Dynamics build General.Dynamics build everyevery Lafayette?” Lafayette?”

Semantic Aspects of Translation 19

The Use of Case InformationThe Use of Case Information