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Sem Review Part 2 ~ Meteorology. Atmosphere. Describe the difference between WEATHER & CLIMATE. Fronts, Pressure, & Sky Conditions. Describe the movement of air near HIGH and low pressure centers. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Sem ReviewPart 2 ~
Meteorology
AtmosphereAtmosphere
• Describe the difference between WEATHER
&
CLIMATE
Fronts, Pressure, & Sky Conditions
• Describe the movement of air near HIGH and low pressure centers.
• Explain why Michigan has mostly clear skies under HIGH pressure but cloudy skies under low pressure.
2 Main gases of Earth’s Atmo.
• Nitrogen:
• Oxygen:
AtmosphereAtmosphere
• Describe the importance of the 3 minor atmospheric components:– Water Vapor– Ozone– Atmospheric Dust
CFC’s
• Breakdown O-Zone in the Stratosphere.
Layers of the Atmosphere
Lower Atmosphere
• Describe the temperature trend in each of the bottom 2 layers of Earth atmosphere.
• Explain what causes that temperature trend.
Filtering out EM radiation
• Describe how each form of EM radiation is filtered out by a different layer(s) of the atmosphere– Gamma & X-Ray– UV– IR & Vis
Heating the troposphere
• Using the terms conduction, convection, and radiation, explain how each process contributes to the daily heating of the troposphere.
• Explain the daily “delay” in heating.
Albedo
Factors affecting temperature
• Explain which factor affects the temperature difference between each pair of cities– Latitude– Elevation– Maritime Location
Movement of Weather
• Trade winds: – Begin at equator move
from the East to the West
• Westerly winds:– Winds affecting the
U.S., move from the West to the East
Calculating Relative Humidity
• Determine water vapor capacity for each temperature below– 5°C (@ 8am)
– 9°C (@ 12pm)
– 12°C (@ 3pm)
• Use your capacity #s to calculate relative humidity % if the specific humidity is constant (12g of H2O)
Cloud Cloud FormationFormation
• Describe each ingredient needed for cloud formation.
• Explain the source – Convective Cooling– Forceful Lifting
• Air Mass Lifting• Mountain Lifting
CLOUDSCLOUDS
• Draw and describe the structure of the following cloud types:– Stratus– Cumulus– Cirrus– Cumulonimbus
Mountain Terrain
Air Masses
• Describe (and show on a map) the 4 main air masses that affect the U.S.:
– mT– cP– cT– mP
Fronts, Pressure, & Sky Conditions
• Describe the movement of air near HIGH and low pressure centers.
• Explain why Michigan has mostly clear skies under HIGH pressure but cloudy skies under low pressure.
Temperatures & Fronts
• Compare temperatures in cities A, B, and C.
• Explain how approaching fronts will eventually change temperatures for each.
• Explain why the front over Lake Superior formed.
AABB
CC
Reading an isobar map
• Find wind direction for the following:– Toronto– Topeka– Denver– Augusta
• Rank them strongest (1) to calmest (4) winds
Severe Weather
• Explain the scientific cause of each:– Hail– Lighting– Thunder
• Describe the formation of a tornado– Where and Why
Severe Weather
• Describe Hurricane formation.
• Include diagram– Where winds are highest– Winds lowest– Air pressures associated
with hurricanes– What fuels them– What happens when they
go on land– Most costly part of
hurricanes
Biogeochemical Cycles
• Why is Earth considered a “closed system”
• Illustrate:– Carbon Cycle– Nitrogen Cycle
Climate Change
• Greenhouse Effect
• Causes of Climate Change
• CO2 Levels in atmo.
• Direct/Indirect evidence
Ocean Salinity
• Melting of land ice
• Would affect salt content and would change ocean patterns.
Ocean Currents• Effect on:
– Maritime Climates– Northern Latitudes
• What causes currents?
Greenhouse Gases• The major natural greenhouse
gases are water vapor, which causes about 36-70%
• carbon dioxide, which causes 9-26%;
• methane, which causes 4-9%, and
• ozone, which causes 3-7%.
Climate Change• Natural: • Man-Made:
Atmosphere CO2 Levels
Global Warming
• Warmer Oceans:– Sea-level rise– Severity of Storms
(hurricanes)
Climate Change Evidence
• Tree Rings
• Pollen Spores
• Ice Cores/CO2