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Self Storage: A Pattern Book
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FALL 2009
Northeastern University School of ArchitectureARCH G691 Graduate Degree Project Studio
SELF STORAGE
FALL 2009
SELF STORAGENortheastern University School of ArchitectureARCH G691 Graduate Degree Project Studio
JESSIE CARROLL
POONEH FASSIHI
NEALIA GIARRATANI
CHRIS GIBLIN
MIKE GRIFFIN
JAMIE PIRPERIS
2
Self Storage
SourcesMost Influential
The American Institute of Architects
ISS Inside Self-Storage
Kiwi II Construction
Libery Building Systems
Massachusetts Building Code
Mini Storage Outlet
Providing Self-Storage Solutions
Self Storage Association
Self Storage Deals
The Onion
TBS Trachte Building Systems
Texas Self Storage Association
Wise Geek
Architectural Graphic Standards, 11th Edition. Hoboken: Wiley & Sons Inc., 2007.
www.insideselfstorage.comUsing Site Security as a Marketing Tool-Luz. A Ber Self-Storage Construction-Heath Mulkey and Joe Trepke
www.kiwiconstruction.com
www.libertybuildings.com2009 BlueScope Buildings North America, Inc.
Commonwealth of MassachusettsWilliam F. Galvin
www.ministoragecompanies.com
www.askactive.com
www.selfstorage.org
www.storage.selfstoragedeals.comFive Top Reasons Why People Use Self Storage-Daniel Myers
www.theonion.comLocal Self Storage Facility A Museum of Personal Failure
www.trachte.com
www.txssa.org
www.wisegeek.comWhat Size Storage Unit Do I Need?-Cathy Rogers
Self Storage
3
46
16284466768898
120
IntroductionEvolutionSiteOrganizationStructureUnitsSystemsAccessEconomyMatrix
Table of Contents
Introduction
Self Storage
5
SS
$$$$
SS
+$$-$$
Mobili
ty
Profitability
Consumerism
Life Crisis
Efficiency
The United States currently has 2.3 billion square feet of self storage space...more than seven square feet for every man, woman and child. Its now physically possible that every American could stand - all at the same time- under the total canopy of self storage roofing.
The erecting of self-storage facilities, and the evolution of self storage as a building typology, is one specific to the last half century. The initiation of the movement was based on a human need.
This need transpired from issues including; consumerism, mobility and life crisis. Post WWII the price of goods plummeted 50% while American wages increased. The result was vast consumerism, that is people buying more than ever before and needing a place to store their items.
American mobility also sponsored a need for temporary storage. The average American moves eleven times in ones lifetime. In the US alone 40 million people move each year. Therefore there is an immense need for temporary self-storage.
Lastly life crisis also added to the growing need for storage. Many connect this to the no fault divorce laws and the subsequent need for storage. Other life milestones include; college students, empty nesters, dramatic downsizing, and home or business foreclosures.
As the need for storage evolved real-estate developers realized the economic profits available in the industry of storage. Therefore the most economic efficient means were utilized in the formation of facilities to cut upfront costs and increase profitability. It is the economics that shape the form of this typology.
Self Storage As Typology
Evolution
evol
utio
n
7
Self Storage
The evolution of Self Storage has strong ties to American culture. Topics of culture such as economy, family, geography, ideals, etc have all shaped the industry of Self Storage.
Both fixed and portable Self Storage types have been influenced by specific cultural trends over the past century.
8101214
TimelinesDomestic StorageDisembodiment from the HomeAnalysis
evol
utio
n
8
Self Storage
Timeline
portable fixed
1964: First Self Storage Facility
1984: 6,601 Self Storage Facilities
2008: 51,251
Self Storage
Facilities
1964: GDP $663.6 B
1984: GDP $3,930.9 B
2008: GDP $14,441.4 B
numb
er of
self s
torag
e fac
ilities
gross domestic product
Railroad Container Ships Truck Based
1780s 1900s 1951 1952 1998
1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
The history of self storage as we know it in America begins with the growth of suburbia in the 1950s. As Americans became wealthier they were acquiring more possessions than they needed on a regular basis. This lead to the need for storage outside of the home.
In 1964 the first self storage facility was built in Odessa, Texas. Most items in the original Self Storage facility were household products.
In the graph above notice the similarity between the rate of change of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the number of Self Storage facilities.
evol
utio
n
9
Self Storage
Timeline
portablefixed
1964: First Self Storage Facility
1984: 6,601 Self Storage Facilities
2008: 51,251
Self Storage
Facilities
1964: GDP $663.6 B
1984: GDP $3,930.9 B
2008: GDP $14,441.4 B
numb
er of
self s
torag
e fac
ilities
gross domestic product
Railroad Container Ships Truck Based
1780s 1900s 1951 1952 1998
Loose BoxesOpen top containers used to ship raw materials via rail
Closed ContainerRail containers with covered roof to protect materials within
Purpose-Built VesselShips designed to transport cargo, converted tankers until this point
CONEXUS Army Container Express standardized steel containers
PODSPortable On Demand Storage system which moves and/or stores personal/office items
evol
utio
n
10
Self Storage
Domestic StoragePercentage of Storage within the Home
portable fixed
1900
evol
utio
n
11
Self Storage
The relationship between Self Storage and the American house is complicated. As the size of the home has grown, the percentage of storage within the home has also increased. Also, family size has decreased over the past century, essentially the home is getting larger with more storage within it and less people living there. However, the need for Self Storage has grown rapidly.
In the graph on the previous page the shaded section shows the square footage of the home that is not taken up by storage. From right to left there is a decrease in the margin between what is living space and what is storage space.
Early to mid-century typical house plans show small deposits of storage (in green) compared to the later plan showing dispersed storage through out the house, especially around bedrooms and bathrooms. None of these diagrams account for basement, attic, or garage storage; the focus is on the historically living spaces and the encroachment of storage into that.
evol
utio
n
12
Self Storage
Disembodiment from the Home
portable fixed
Historically Americans provided their own storage within the home, clustered in areas such as closets, basements, and attics.
As Americans became more house proud storage was ejected from the home and forced into the garage.
Finally, Americans were able to store their overflow of possessions in storage facilities. These facilities are away from the home, but usually within the same town to allow for easy access.
evol
utio
n
13
Self Storage
Disembodiment from the Home
portablefixed
During the 1990s portable storage containers became a popular alternative to self storage facilities. Portable containers are dropped at the users home and packed by the user. The user has the option to keep the container on their own property.
The user could also have the container shipped to a new location, generally for moving to a new home.
Or alternatively the user could choose to have the contain stored at a facility owned by the container company. The facility is generally not accessed by the user, and the container has to be brought to the users home to retrieve items from within. Essentially the user has lost a geographic connection to their items being stored.
evol
utio
n
14
Self Storage
portable fixed
AnalysisWho Stores
Families in Transition Home/ Buisness Foreclosures
College Students in Transition Divorcees
Empty Nesters Downsizing
One in ten U.S. households now rent a self-storage unit. The use of self-storage and its demographic has increased dramatically in recent years. With the US facing an economic recession a record number of homes and businesses are finding themselves in foreclosure. Therefore the demand for larger units has skyrocketed in comparison to the smaller unit utilized in the consumerism/ economic boom.
evol
utio
n
15
Self Storage
portablefixed
AnalysisStore What
50% of people store furniture. It is the most commonly stored item. This is a result of what is referred to as the IKEA effect - furniture costs less so people buy more.
FurnitureSentimental ItemsPeople often store items from deceased loved ones or items from failed relationships or marriages. Storing is used as a way of preserving ones history.
In an interview published by The Onion, one storage facility claimed to store the largest collection of Nordic Tracks, and the owner foresaw an eventual increase in Bow Flexes.
Exercise Equipment
Failed businesses store their equipment in hopes of utilizing it someday. Households store dated electronic devices.
Office Equipment
People moving, downsizing, or experiencing home/ buisness forclosures may need to store large household items.
Appliances
Academic DocumentsStudents store their academic documents and small household items between semesters. Adults often store these dated documents for later reference.
Site
site
17
Self Storage
Self-storage facilities are built on different sites. They are divided into four different sites: Urban Compact, Highway/Edge-City, Industrial/ Suburban, and Private Property.
There are many important factors that are taken into consideration for the different sites, but the four most important factors are: demographics, land values, speed/visibility and parking space. Demographics studies of a specific site indicate the population that live in the area and help to understand the need for self-storage facility in the area. Land values are the most important factor. In Urban compact and highway/edge-city sites, because of dense population land value is higher compared to the Industrial/Suburban sites. Self-storage facilities should be built on a site with high visibility to drivers, therefore, looking at the vehicle speeds of the neighborhood is also important.
1920222426
Site LocationUrban CompactHighway/ Edge-CityIndustrial/ SuburbanPrivate Property
site
19
Self Storage
Site Location
portablefixed
Site Location
UrbanCompact
Highway(edge-city)
IndustrialSuburban
Private Property(Portable)
site
20
Self Storage
SiteUrban Compact
portable fixed
Demographics
Self-storage facilities located in urban compact sites are designed in dense residential areas. The population is usually consisted of single male and female, young married couples usually with one child, and college students.
Land Values
Due to high property values and dense population, urban sites create an ideal site for building a multi-story self-storage facility.
$$$$
site
21
Self Storage
Site Urban Compact
portablefixed
Speed/ Visibility
The self-storage facilities in urban compact sites are located on a main road, where the speed limit is 30 mph. This allows the drivers to see the self-storage facility while driving.
Parking
Due to high land value parking space is minimized for multi-story self storage facilities in the urban compact sites, because these facilities try to provide more storage space than parking.
site
22
Self Storage
SiteHighway - Edge City
portable fixed
Some self-storage facilities are located by local highways for high visibility to the drivers. They are on zones between residential and commercial areas or edge of the city. The population is consisted of families with children where the need for storage space is a must.
Sites located at highway/ edge city are expensive but the land value is considered to be cheaper than urban/compact sites. Therefore, this type of site is an ideal site for building a multi-story self-storage facility.
$$$
Demographics
Land Values
site
23
Self Storage
Site Highway - Edge City
portablefixed
The average speed limit on a highway is 60 mph. A self-storage facility that is built on a highway is visible to all people who drive by daily.
Due to high land value parking space is minimized for multi-story self storage facilities that are built by a highway. Since parking space is always an issue in a city, self-storage facilities try to provide parking space to the customers for easy access.
Speed/ Visibility
Parking
site
24
Self Storage
SiteIndustrial/ Suburban
portable fixed
The Industrial/ Suburban sites house multiple of single story buildings, and the portable storage facilities. Since these sites are at the edge of industrial and suburban housing, the population is consisted of families with children living in single family houses.
The Industrial/ Suburban sites provide bigger and cheaper land compared to the urban compact sites. This gives a flexibility of adding as many storage buildings as possible.
$
Demographics
Land Values
site
25
Self Storage
Site Industrial/ Suburban
portablefixed
Self-storage facilities in an Industrial/ Suburban site are located on a main road, with high visibility to drivers. The average speed limit is 40 mph, where the driver can easily see the storage units while driving by.
Since these sites house the single-story buildings with access to units from the exterior, parking space is minimized, because people can drive their cars to their units and access their goods, therefore there is no need for parking space. There is usually a few parking spots located by the entrance for customers who need to rent a unit.
Speed/ Visibility
Parking
site
26
Self Storage
SitePrivate Property
portable fixed
One of the sites for placing a portable storage container is on a home property/ parking garage. Therefore, the container will become part of home and can stay on site as long as the owner needs to access it.
Sometimes these containers can be place on the street by the house, but the amount of time where they can be placed there is limited.
Home Garage
Street
site
27
Self Storage
Site Private Property
fixed portablefixed
Portable containers are not only used by households, but they are also used by offices to store supplies. These containers can be stored in a basement level, storage room or parking garage of an office building. They can be placed on site as long as needed.
The portable storage containers can also be transported to a self-storage facility and stored there as long as needed and they can be transported to a home or an office when needed. These facilities are usually located in Industrial/ Suburban sites.
Office
Facility
Building Organization
orga
niza
tion
29
Self Storage
Self Storage facilities can have many different building types. These types are often dependant on the site where the building is located. These building types can be divided into two main building categories, fixed and portable.
The fixed type can be divided into several subcategories each with several different building types. The layout of these subcategories can vary depending on whether it is located in a single story or a multi story building. Single story buildings consist of both single story and single story conditioned buildings. These are typically located on industrial/suburban sites. Multi-story buildings have two types, multi-story and mechanized. Multi-story buildings are usually located on urban compact or edge-city sites. Mechanized storage is a high-end storage type where units are located on a rotating carousel so they can only be accessed by being lowered down to the entry level.
Portable storage facilities are typically located on industrial/ suburban sites. The individual units can then be delivered to any home or business for the client and either moved to the facility for storage or to another location.
IntroductionSingle StorySingle StoryConditionedMulti-StoryMechanizedWarehouse
303234363840
orga
niza
tion
30
Self Storage
Building OrganizationIntroduction
portable fixed
Building Organization
Fixed Storage Portable Storage
Single Story Multi-Story
Warehouse
Single StoryConditioned
Mechanized
orga
niza
tion
31
Self Storage
Building OrganizationIntroduction
portablefixed
Portable StorageFixed Storage
Fixed storage buildings are either multiple of one story buildings or a multi-story building. The single story buildings are common in the suburban areas, where land is bigger and cheaper. The multi-story buildings are ones that are located in urban areas, where land is smaller and population is dense.
Portable self-storage is a portable alternative to the traditional or fixed storage. Instead of renting a storage unit and having to take the belongings to the unit, the portable unit is brought to the house or office. When the unit is filled with goods, it is then returned to the facility, usually located in suburban areas.
orga
niza
tion
32
Self Storage
Fixed StorageSingle Story
portable fixed
These buildings have units that are accessed from the exterior. They have fencing around the building with a gate system and an office on the front. The dimension between buildings is 25-0 for vehicular access to the drive-up units. The common building width is 25-0 with a height ranging from 9-0 to 12-0.
25-0
25-0
Vehicle Path
Dimension to Fence
Office
Vehicle Path
25-0
Parking
orga
niza
tion
33
Self Storage
Fixed StorageSingle Story
portablefixed
9-1
2-0
Varies
25-0
Dimensions
Building Width
See economy chapter for more information
38%square footage efficiency
ft2
orga
niza
tion
34
Self Storage
Fixed StorageSingle Story - Conditioned
portable fixed
5-0
Interior Corridor
Interior Units
Office
25-0
Parking
Dimensionto Building
Interior Units
Office/ Parking
The exterior and interior type in addition to exterior drive-up units also has interior units. These units are called climate-control-units. They are units that are temperature controlled and protect the materials from humidity and severe weather. These units are connected with an interior corridor. Similar to exterior units, there is an office at the entrance for customer service.
orga
niza
tion
35
Self Storage
Fixed StorageSingle Story - Conditioned
portablefixed
9-
0
- 1
2-
0
Varies
9-
0
- 1
2-
0
Varies
End-Units
Building Wide Units
Interior Units - Climate Control Units
25 deep units
Sizes
Vary
63%square footage efficiency
ft2
See economy chapter for more information
orga
niza
tion
36
Self Storage
Fixed StorageMulti-Story
portable fixed
Multi-story buildings are ones that all of their units are located inside and access to them is only possible through the facility. They have a loading dock where the goods are brought to the facility. They are taken to the elevator and then to the upper floors. These buildings can have many stories, but they are usually 3-4 stories tall.
Interior Corridor
7-0
Interior Units
5-0
Interior Units
Office/ Entry
Elevator
Office
EntranceLobby
Office
orga
niza
tion
37
Self Storage
Fixed StorageMulti-Story
portablefixed
Smaller Units
Larger Units
Multi-story buildings have various sizes of units that are connected to each other with a 5 corridor, and in some areas 7 corridors. These units are usually climate controlled since they are located inside the building. Larger units are usually located on the perimeter of the building and smaller units are dispersed throughout the building.
Interior Corridor
PerimeterUnits
Inside Units
Interior Corridor
68%square footage efficiency
ft2
See economy chapter for more information
orga
niza
tion
38
Self Storage
Fixed StorageMechanized
portable fixed
Entry
LobbyMechanized types use the newest technology. The units are individual spaces which are placed on a carousel. Access to these units is limited, and only the staff who work at these facilities can access the units. These buildings have an entry/lobby/ office were the customer can go to and ask for his/her storage unit. Then the unit is brought down to the customer for use.
Office/ Entry
Units Units
Lobby
Interior Units
orga
niza
tion
39
Self Storage
Fixed Storage Mechanized
portablefixed
Units on Carousel
No Access
Interior Units
103%square footage efficiency
ft2stacked
See economy chapter for more information
orga
niza
tion
40
Self Storage
Portable StorageWarehouse
portable fixed
Unit layout
Corridor width
Interior Corridor
30-0
20-0 16-0
Portable storage facilities require several on-site amenities that are not required by fixed site facilities. More offices are required in order to maintain the ordering of containers and arranging the moving of units. This also requires more parking for the increased number of employees required to run the facility. Finally, an access area for customers to access containers on site once they have been extracted from the warehouse is also a common feature.
Portable Warehouses also require more corridor space. The corridor must be wide enough for a forklift to lift it and be able to turn within the corridor space. Unlike fixed storage where the unit size depends on the space available, portable containers must be stacked with like sized containers both for support when they are stacked and for extraction purposes.
orga
niza
tion
41
Self Storage
Portable StorageWarehouse
portablefixed
Offices
Access area
Parking
123%square footage efficiency
ft2stacked
See economy chapter for more information
orga
niza
tion
42
Self Storage
Portable StorageWarehouse
portable fixed
Portable storage allows for containers to be moved from one location to another. The containers are loaded at your home or business location. They can then be stored at your location, at a portable storage facility or moved directly to a new location. If a container is stored at a storage facility it must be extracted from the warehouse in order to access the unit or deliver it to a different location.
orga
niza
tion
43
Self Storage
Portable StorageWarehouse
portablefixed
On site
On your site
On a new site
stru
ctur
e
44
Self Storage
Structure
stru
ctur
e
45
Self Storage
Within the Self Storage Industry structural systems are typically constructed by the most economical means available. This decrease in capital costs means greater opportunity for profitable gains. The sitecost and allowable square footage typically generates the organizational type and structural system. Steel systems are most commonly used for their economic and spanning advantages. These steel spans are then supported either by steel columns as in the Beam andPurlin example, or by masonry bearing piers or walls, as shown in the Masonry Shell model. Existing multistory buildings can be retro-fitted for storage facilitates through the combination of bearing partitions and free standing partitions.
There are a host of typical components of the self storage type including; doors, partitions, roofs, and corridor systems. These too are typically metal prefabrication for their cost efficiencies andfire proofing characteristics. All systems and components will be discussed in this chapter along with their typical configurations.
4648
5052
5456
586062
64
SystemsBeam and PurlinMasonry Shell, Interior Metal PartitionsLight Gauge ConstructionMasonry Shell, Steel SpanningPre-FabCode Requirements
ComponentsPanelsDoors + PartitionsMatrix
Combination
stru
ctur
e
46
Self Storage
portable fixed
Beam and Purlin The Beam and Purlin is the most typical structural strategy for Self Storage Facilities. Steels capacity to span great distances makes steel the optimum material for this use. This self-sufficient structural system is compatible with most enclosures including: masonry block, tilt-up construction, brick or synthetic finished like Stucco or Dryvit.
This system is typically tied to concrete slab and footing and is considered a fixed storage system.
Its single story arrangement makes it most suitable for sites with large amounts of available square footage to optimize profits. No corridor are included and its net to gross efficiencies are at 100% as no interiorized space is required to maintain the facilities. It is the most typical and most economic model.
Beam and Purlin
Beam and PurlinStructural System
stru
ctur
e
47
Self Storage
Beam and Purlin Typical Features
1. 1/2 per 12- Typical Slope, 1/4- 12 minimium 2. 10 x 20 Typical Unit Dimension3. Mullion Cap- Typically Metal, or concrete block or tilt-up wall construction4. Purlin5. Beam6. 8-6 Typical Eave Height, Varries 8-6-187. 10 Typical Unit Width8. 8-8 Typical Opening
Optimal Features
Roof Insulation to reduce condensationSide Wall and Roof insulation for maximum climate control efficencyHighly Pitched Roofs for weather resistance and Visibility
portablefixed
8
MW SADDLE
1/2" MACH. BOLTTUBE COLUMN
PURLIN PLATEPURLIN
1/2" BOLT
HEAD COVER
FASTENER
ACCENT ANGLE
FLOOR SLAB
ACCENT TRIM
CAULKING
BASE FLASHING
WALL PANEL
BASE CHANNEL
BASE CLIP
ANCHOR4'-0" O.C,
WALL CAP
HEAD ASSEMBLY
CROSS PARTITION
LENGTH PARTITION
STEEPED WALL CAP
PURLIN/ PARTITION SPLICE
CROSS PARTITION
ROOF PANEL
PURLIN
PARTITION WALL
RAKE TRIM
1/2" MACHINE BOLT
SELF DRILLING FASTENER (4) EACH
FLAT SIDE PARTITION PANEL
2 1/
4".
3 1/
2".
PURLIN CLIP , MOUNT CLIPUSING APPROPRIATE HOLESTO ALLOW PURLIN TO MATCHROOF SLOPE
RIB SIDE PARTITION PANEL
PURLIN
WALL CAP
TUBE COLUMN
STEEL PLATE
1/2" ANCHOR BOLT
FOUNDATION
FRAMED OPENING JAMB
SCREW FASTENER FOURPER JAMBBASE CHANNEL FLASHING
ANCHOR BOLT
FOUNDATION
FRAMED OPENING JAMBCOVER (INSTAL ON JAMBBEFORE FASTENING JAMBTO CLIP)
JAMB CLIP
NOTE:PLACE 2 FASTENERS TOWARDSMIDDLE OF THE JAMB TO ELIMINATEINTERFERENCE WITH DOOR TRACK,FASTEN THRU JAMB INTO CLIP
Copy of Purling Detail at Base SECTION
Multi Story Base Detail
Partition Connection Purlin Connection DetailPurlin To Prulin Connection Detail
Purling Detail at Base SECTION
Section @ Jamb Clip
MW SADDLE
1/2" MACH. BOLTTUBE COLUMN
PURLIN PLATEPURLIN
1/2" BOLT
HEAD COVER
FASTENER
ACCENT ANGLE
FLOOR SLAB
ACCENT TRIM
CAULKING
BASE FLASHING
WALL PANEL
BASE CHANNEL
BASE CLIP
ANCHOR4'-0" O.C,
WALL CAP
HEAD ASSEMBLY
CROSS PARTITION
LENGTH PARTITION
STEEPED WALL CAP
PURLIN/ PARTITION SPLICE
CROSS PARTITION
ROOF PANEL
PURLIN
PARTITION WALL
RAKE TRIM
1/2" MACHINE BOLT
SELF DRILLING FASTENER (4) EACH
FLAT SIDE PARTITION PANEL
2 1/
4".
3 1/
2".
PURLIN CLIP , MOUNT CLIPUSING APPROPRIATE HOLESTO ALLOW PURLIN TO MATCHROOF SLOPE
RIB SIDE PARTITION PANEL
PURLIN
WALL CAP
TUBE COLUMN
STEEL PLATE
1/2" ANCHOR BOLT
FOUNDATION
FRAMED OPENING JAMB
SCREW FASTENER FOURPER JAMBBASE CHANNEL FLASHING
ANCHOR BOLT
FOUNDATION
FRAMED OPENING JAMBCOVER (INSTAL ON JAMBBEFORE FASTENING JAMBTO CLIP)
JAMB CLIP
NOTE:PLACE 2 FASTENERS TOWARDSMIDDLE OF THE JAMB TO ELIMINATEINTERFERENCE WITH DOOR TRACK,FASTEN THRU JAMB INTO CLIP
Copy of Purling Detail at Base SECTION
Multi Story Base Detail
Partition Connection Purlin Connection DetailPurlin To Prulin Connection Detail
Purling Detail at Base SECTION
Section @ Jamb Clip
MW SADDLE
1/2" MACH. BOLTTUBE COLUMN
PURLIN PLATEPURLIN
1/2" BOLT
HEAD COVER
FASTENER
ACCENT ANGLE
FLOOR SLAB
ACCENT TRIM
CAULKING
BASE FLASHING
WALL PANEL
BASE CHANNEL
BASE CLIP
ANCHOR4'-0" O.C,
WALL CAP
HEAD ASSEMBLY
CROSS PARTITION
LENGTH PARTITION
STEEPED WALL CAP
PURLIN/ PARTITION SPLICE
CROSS PARTITION
ROOF PANEL
PURLIN
PARTITION WALL
RAKE TRIM
1/2" MACHINE BOLT
SELF DRILLING FASTENER (4) EACH
FLAT SIDE PARTITION PANEL
2 1/
4".
3 1/
2".
PURLIN CLIP , MOUNT CLIPUSING APPROPRIATE HOLESTO ALLOW PURLIN TO MATCHROOF SLOPE
RIB SIDE PARTITION PANEL
PURLIN
WALL CAP
TUBE COLUMN
STEEL PLATE
1/2" ANCHOR BOLT
FOUNDATION
FRAMED OPENING JAMB
SCREW FASTENER FOURPER JAMBBASE CHANNEL FLASHING
ANCHOR BOLT
FOUNDATION
FRAMED OPENING JAMBCOVER (INSTAL ON JAMBBEFORE FASTENING JAMBTO CLIP)
JAMB CLIP
NOTE:PLACE 2 FASTENERS TOWARDSMIDDLE OF THE JAMB TO ELIMINATEINTERFERENCE WITH DOOR TRACK,FASTEN THRU JAMB INTO CLIP
Copy of Purling Detail at Base SECTION
Multi Story Base Detail
Partition Connection Purlin Connection DetailPurlin To Prulin Connection Detail
Purling Detail at Base SECTION
Section @ Jamb Clip
Roof Rake Detail
Roof Rake Detail
Purlin to Purlin Connection Detail
Beam and PurlinStructural System
stru
ctur
e
48
Self Storage
portable fixed
Light Gauge Metal and Masonry Shell Construction The Masonry System provided the opportunity for the exterior shell to participate in taking lateral loads. Therefore there is a reduced amount of columns required to support the roof system. Some masonry construction including masonry block may incorporate insulation. The depths of these blocks alone promote a higher R value when compared to similar metal envelops. These facilities are not site specific and may include existing buildings which are then converted to storage facilities. This could also be considered a warehouse type if expanded to a larger scale.
Typically metal framing supporting fixed or movable partitions make up the modest interior. The bearing columns are typically tied to the foundation with a base clips.
Masonry Shell
Masonry Shell, Interior Metal PartitionsStructural System
stru
ctur
e
49
Self Storage
Light Gauge Metal and Masonry Shell Typical Features
1. Sidewall/ Parapet2. 1/4: 12 Min. Slope3. Anchor Braces Required, based on wind loads4. Purlin5. Typical Fixed Metal Partitions 6. 10 Typical span between metal columns7. 9- 4 Typical Height of Peirs8. Masonry Block Bearing wall, Typically uninsulated9. 4 Typical Concrete Slab Foundation
Optimal Features
Roof Insulation to reduce condensationSide Wall and Roof insulation for maximum climate control efficencyGutters required for proper waterproofing
2
portablefixed
MW SADDLE
1/2" MACH. BOLTTUBE COLUMN
PURLIN PLATEPURLIN
1/2" BOLT
HEAD COVER
FASTENER
ACCENT ANGLE
FLOOR SLAB
ACCENT TRIM
CAULKING
BASE FLASHING
WALL PANEL
BASE CHANNEL
BASE CLIP
ANCHOR4'-0" O.C,
WALL CAP
HEAD ASSEMBLY
CROSS PARTITION
LENGTH PARTITION
STEEPED WALL CAP
PURLIN/ PARTITION SPLICE
CROSS PARTITION
ROOF PANEL
PURLIN
PARTITION WALL
RAKE TRIM
1/2" MACHINE BOLT
SELF DRILLING FASTENER (4) EACH
FLAT SIDE PARTITION PANEL
2 1/
4".
3 1/
2".
PURLIN CLIP , MOUNT CLIPUSING APPROPRIATE HOLESTO ALLOW PURLIN TO MATCHROOF SLOPE
RIB SIDE PARTITION PANEL
PURLIN
WALL CAP
TUBE COLUMN
STEEL PLATE
1/2" ANCHOR BOLT
FOUNDATION
FRAMED OPENING JAMB
SCREW FASTENER FOURPER JAMBBASE CHANNEL FLASHING
ANCHOR BOLT
FOUNDATION
FRAMED OPENING JAMBCOVER (INSTAL ON JAMBBEFORE FASTENING JAMBTO CLIP)
JAMB CLIP
NOTE:PLACE 2 FASTENERS TOWARDSMIDDLE OF THE JAMB TO ELIMINATEINTERFERENCE WITH DOOR TRACK,FASTEN THRU JAMB INTO CLIP
Copy of Purling Detail at Base SECTION
Multi Story Base Detail
Partition Connection Purlin Connection DetailPurlin To Prulin Connection Detail
Purling Detail at Base SECTION
Section @ Jamb Clip
Steel Column and Beam
MW SADDLE
1/2" MACH. BOLTTUBE COLUMN
PURLIN PLATEPURLIN
1/2" BOLT
HEAD COVER
FASTENER
ACCENT ANGLE
FLOOR SLAB
ACCENT TRIM
CAULKING
BASE FLASHING
WALL PANEL
BASE CHANNEL
BASE CLIP
ANCHOR4'-0" O.C,
WALL CAP
HEAD ASSEMBLY
CROSS PARTITION
LENGTH PARTITION
STEEPED WALL CAP
PURLIN/ PARTITION SPLICE
CROSS PARTITION
ROOF PANEL
PURLIN
PARTITION WALL
RAKE TRIM
1/2" MACHINE BOLT
SELF DRILLING FASTENER (4) EACH
FLAT SIDE PARTITION PANEL
2 1/
4".
3 1/
2".
PURLIN CLIP , MOUNT CLIPUSING APPROPRIATE HOLESTO ALLOW PURLIN TO MATCHROOF SLOPE
RIB SIDE PARTITION PANEL
PURLIN
WALL CAP
TUBE COLUMN
STEEL PLATE
1/2" ANCHOR BOLT
FOUNDATION
FRAMED OPENING JAMB
SCREW FASTENER FOURPER JAMBBASE CHANNEL FLASHING
ANCHOR BOLT
FOUNDATION
FRAMED OPENING JAMBCOVER (INSTAL ON JAMBBEFORE FASTENING JAMBTO CLIP)
JAMB CLIP
NOTE:PLACE 2 FASTENERS TOWARDSMIDDLE OF THE JAMB TO ELIMINATEINTERFERENCE WITH DOOR TRACK,FASTEN THRU JAMB INTO CLIP
Copy of Purling Detail at Base SECTION
Multi Story Base Detail
Partition Connection Purlin Connection DetailPurlin To Prulin Connection Detail
Purling Detail at Base SECTION
Section @ Jamb Clip
Steel Column and Beam
Masonry Shell, Interior Metal PartitionsStructural System
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Self Storage
portable fixed
Multi-Story The Multi-Story self storage facility is the most common among urban or constricted sites. It is also the most economical when land value is high. The interior corridor systems required to access units makes this type the least efficient in net to gross calculations. These facilities also typically require services which also reduce efficiencies. These areas include; stairs, elevators, entry lobby, bathrooms, and retail elements.
The Multi-Story facilities commonly feature some element of climate control and insulation. Therefore they fall into the medium to high price bracket per unit. Security within the building is also heightened as many customers must access their belongings without disturbing other units.
As the example shows here multi-story building can be retro fitted with interior systems. The the building envelope supplied the cost is greatly reduced.Light Gauge Construction is simular to wood contruction framing.
Light Gauge Construction
Light Gauge ConstructionMulti-Story Structural System
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Self Storage
Multi Story
1. Retro-fit roofs to cover existing to resist water leaks2. Free standing partition system3. Second composite slab/ retro-fit4. Reto-fit Corridor System5.Concrete Slab6. Load bearing Typical Partition Type
Optimal Features
Floor plans custom on second floorFree standing partitions offer greater flexibilityClimate control can be easily integratedRetro-fit can work with and existing structure including: tilt wall, metal building, masonrySprinkler and mechenical systems are a viable option.
portablefixed
MW SADDLE
1/2" MACH. BOLTTUBE COLUMN
PURLIN PLATEPURLIN
1/2" BOLT
HEAD COVER
FASTENER
ACCENT ANGLE
FLOOR SLAB
ACCENT TRIM
CAULKING
BASE FLASHING
WALL PANEL
BASE CHANNEL
BASE CLIP
ANCHOR4'-0" O.C,
WALL CAP
HEAD ASSEMBLY
CROSS PARTITION
LENGTH PARTITION
STEEPED WALL CAP
PURLIN/ PARTITION SPLICE
CROSS PARTITION
ROOF PANEL
PURLIN
PARTITION WALL
RAKE TRIM
1/2" MACHINE BOLT
SELF DRILLING FASTENER (4) EACH
FLAT SIDE PARTITION PANEL
2 1/
4".
3 1/
2".
PURLIN CLIP , MOUNT CLIPUSING APPROPRIATE HOLESTO ALLOW PURLIN TO MATCHROOF SLOPE
RIB SIDE PARTITION PANEL
PURLIN
WALL CAP
TUBE COLUMN
STEEL PLATE
1/2" ANCHOR BOLT
FOUNDATION
FRAMED OPENING JAMB
SCREW FASTENER FOURPER JAMBBASE CHANNEL FLASHING
ANCHOR BOLT
FOUNDATION
FRAMED OPENING JAMBCOVER (INSTAL ON JAMBBEFORE FASTENING JAMBTO CLIP)
JAMB CLIP
NOTE:PLACE 2 FASTENERS TOWARDSMIDDLE OF THE JAMB TO ELIMINATEINTERFERENCE WITH DOOR TRACK,FASTEN THRU JAMB INTO CLIP
Copy of Purling Detail at Base SECTION
Multi Story Base Detail
Partition Connection Purlin Connection DetailPurlin To Prulin Connection Detail
Purling Detail at Base SECTION
Section @ Jamb Clip
.
.
1/2" CLEARANCE
EXTENSION FORCEILING
BOTTOM CHORDBEARING POSSIBLE
2 1/2" FOR K SERIES;5" FOR LH/DLH SERIES(7" FOR DLH 18 AND 15)
PARAPET WALL FOR COPINGAND FLASHING.
STEEL ROOF JOISTS(4" TO 6" BEARING)
HORIZ. JOINT REINFORCEMENTMAY BE REQUIRED @ JOISTBEARING TO ACT AS A BONDBEAM
IF JOISTS ARECONTINUOUS OVERSUPPORT PROVIDEWEB STIFFENERS
STEEL JOISTS
DOUBLE CHANEL
CONT. RUNNER
METAL STUDBEARING WAR
1 1/2" = 1'-0"1Truss
1 1/2" = 1'-0"2Truss and Parapet
1 1/2" = 1'-0"3Multi Story Bearing Partitions
Concrete Slab Connection
Bearing Partition Connection
Light Gauge ConstructionMulti-Story Structural System
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Self Storage
portable fixed
Masonry Shell, Spanning SteelThe warehouse one of the most prominent building type. These facilities are used to storing the portable systems, as well as being retro-fitted to house fixed units. The large spans and tall interiors of these facilities allow for uninterrupted stacking of units. The exterior shell is usually masonry with trusss made of steal spanning. The warehouses are not typically constructed for the purpose of self storage but rather adapted. They also can adapt to many other programs once self storage no longer exists there. The site locations are generally located in proximity to historically urban industrial neighborhoods. These areas are already zoned for either commercial or industrial use so building permitting is usually an easy task.
Units can only be stacked three high so these facilities must clear this height and additional space above will be wasted. There are sufficient aisles to accommodate the forklifts and other machinery required to stack and access units. If temperature regulations are required the entire volume must be conditioned.
Storage Warehouse
Masonry Shell, Spanning SteelWarehouse Structural System
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Self Storage
Masonry Shell Spanning Steel
1. Retro-fit roofs to cover existing to resist water leaks2. MasonryParapet 3. Pods stack limit 3 high4. Bearing Masonry Wall5. Steel open web Truss6. Loading7. Entry
Optimal Features
Climate control can be easily integrated but must condition entire space.Ideal for Retro-Fit Warehouse TypeSprinkler and mechanical systems are a viable option.
1
portablefixed
.
.
1/2" CLEARANCE
EXTENSION FORCEILING
BOTTOM CHORDBEARING POSSIBLE
2 1/2" FOR K SERIES;5" FOR LH/DLH SERIES(7" FOR DLH 18 AND 15)
PARAPET WALL FOR COPINGAND FLASHING.
STEEL ROOF JOISTS(4" TO 6" BEARING)
HORIZ. JOINT REINFORCEMENTMAY BE REQUIRED @ JOISTBEARING TO ACT AS A BONDBEAM
IF JOISTS ARECONTINUOUS OVERSUPPORT PROVIDEWEB STIFFENERS
STEEL JOISTS
DOUBLE CHANEL
CONT. RUNNER
METAL STUDBEARING WAR
1 1/2" = 1'-0"1Truss
1 1/2" = 1'-0"2Truss and Parapet
1 1/2" = 1'-0"3Multi Story Bearing Partitions
.
.
1/2" CLEARANCE
EXTENSION FORCEILING
BOTTOM CHORDBEARING POSSIBLE
2 1/2" FOR K SERIES;5" FOR LH/DLH SERIES(7" FOR DLH 18 AND 15)
PARAPET WALL FOR COPINGAND FLASHING.
STEEL ROOF JOISTS(4" TO 6" BEARING)
HORIZ. JOINT REINFORCEMENTMAY BE REQUIRED @ JOISTBEARING TO ACT AS A BONDBEAM
IF JOISTS ARECONTINUOUS OVERSUPPORT PROVIDEWEB STIFFENERS
STEEL JOISTS
DOUBLE CHANEL
CONT. RUNNER
METAL STUDBEARING WAR
1 1/2" = 1'-0"1Truss
1 1/2" = 1'-0"2Truss and Parapet
1 1/2" = 1'-0"3Multi Story Bearing Partitions
.
.
1/2" CLEARANCE
EXTENSION FORCEILING
BOTTOM CHORDBEARING POSSIBLE
2 1/2" FOR K SERIES;5" FOR LH/DLH SERIES(7" FOR DLH 18 AND 15)
PARAPET WALL FOR COPINGAND FLASHING.
STEEL ROOF JOISTS(4" TO 6" BEARING)
HORIZ. JOINT REINFORCEMENTMAY BE REQUIRED @ JOISTBEARING TO ACT AS A BONDBEAM
IF JOISTS ARECONTINUOUS OVERSUPPORT PROVIDEWEB STIFFENERS
STEEL JOISTS
DOUBLE CHANEL
CONT. RUNNER
METAL STUDBEARING WAR
1 1/2" = 1'-0"1Truss
1 1/2" = 1'-0"2Truss and Parapet
1 1/2" = 1'-0"3Multi Story Bearing Partitions
Parapet and Truss Connection
Truss Connection
Truss Profile
Masonry Shell Spanning SteelWarehouse Structural System
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Self Storage
portable fixed
Light Gauge Metal and Shell Construction The Pre-Fab Facility offers great economic advantages. This type typically appears on suburban sites where land values are low and the facility is free to sprawl without constriction. The net to gross building efficiency is 100% as all circulation and support space are exterior. Their placement on asphalt allows for users to drive directly to their unit to load, access, and unload, without the inconveniences of stairs and elevators.
The typical example here shows a 10x20 aggregated on a flat site. Within this 10x20 module there are many ways to subdivide the unit. Up to eight units within one 10x20 is possible, requiring a new small door type.
The tie-down mechanism is of great significance with this type. The mechanism design and price is based on wind load requirements. As wind load increases as does the tie down mechanism and facility as a whole.
As with many Pre-Fab systems this system is typically manufactured off site and brought on site for installation. Because they connect onto a slab on grade there is little site work required. They can be temporary site installments or exist for an extended amount of time.
rubber enclosure
metal enclosure
Self Storage
Pre- FabEnclosures
PRE
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Self Storage
Pre-Fab Unit
1. Tie downs to resist wind load2. Metal Stud base3. Metal Stud frame4. 20 Typical depth5. 8-6 Typical Height6. Metal panel enclosure Typical7. Rubber Roof System Typical8. Plywood floor and interiors
Optimum Features
Roof Insulation to reduce condensationSide Wall and Roof insulation for maximum climate control efficencyHighly Pitched Roofs for weather resistance and Visibility
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
portablefixed
Self Storage
Pre-Fab UnitStructural Components
2020
20
20
20
10
5 5
55 5 5 5
5 5 5 5
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Self Storage
portable fixed
48,000 x11
48,000 x11
58,368 x11
26,000 x4
26,000 x5
32,240 x5 21,000 x5 21,000 x5 31,620 x532,240 x5
17,500 x3
17,500 x4
26,000 x3
26,000 x4
17,500 x3
17,500 x4
25,500 x4
25,500 x5
14,000 x4
14,000 x5
17,248 x5
9,000 x1
9,000 x29,000 x2
11,105 x2
Code RequirementsArea Maximums
Type 1, Construction Type II, A Construction Type II, B Construction Type III, A Construction
Area Modifications for Frontage
A = A + A I + A Ia t f t s100 100
I = 100 F WfP- .25 25
I = Area IncreaseF = Building Perimeter (ft)P = Perimeter Entire BuidlingW = Open Space 20 < W
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Self Storage
48,000 x11
48,000 x11
58,368 x11
26,000 x4
26,000 x5
32,240 x5 21,000 x5 21,000 x5 31,620 x532,240 x5
17,500 x3
17,500 x4
26,000 x3
26,000 x4
17,500 x3
17,500 x4
25,500 x4
25,500 x5
14,000 x4
14,000 x5
17,248 x5
9,000 x1
9,000 x29,000 x2
11,105 x2
portablefixed
Code RequirementsArea Maximums
Type III, B Construction Type IV, A Construction Type IV, B Construction Type IV, Construction
Area Modifications for Sprinklers
If facility is fully sprinklered then the height can increase by one floor or 20. The structure shall not exceed 60.
Live Load Requirements
S-1 Moderate Hazard Storage
Storage Warehouse:Heavy = 250 psf
Residential Storage: 40psfGarage: 50psfMulti Family Dwellling: 80psf
Type I & IINon Combustable
Type IIIExterior Wall Non Combustable
Type IVExterior Non CombustableInterior fire resistant framing
Type VAny Material
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Self Storage
A Panel
R Panel
Standing Seam
Soffit Flush Panel
Trapezoidal StandingSeam
High Security(interlocking joint panel)
Interior Wall PanelUnit Partition Panel Exterior Wall Panel Roofing Panel
ComponentsPanels
portable fixed
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Self Storage
LengthCoverage Roof Slope Features
Max 41
Min 1/4:12
Min 1/4:12Max 6:12*designed for low slopes
Min 1/2:12
Min 3Max 25
-Versatile-Flexible-Economical-Easy Installation
-Attractive exterior finish-Requires less fasteners than most panels, which lowers installation costs and enhances thermal performance
Max 41
Min 2Max 30
36
36
36
1/4
1 1/4
1 1/4
-Polished and complete look-Low-maintenance-Decorative treatment for walkways and entrances
-Unique interlocking joint-Durable-Vertical application eliminating dust
-Attractive finish-Thermally responsive galvanised clips-Weather resistant
-Weather resistant-Allows up to 3 1/2 thermal movement-Ideal for projects with low slopes-Meets or exceeds most local codes
Min 5Max 45
Min 5Max 45
12
7/8
24
3
16
2
36
1 1/4
ComponentsPanels
portablefixed
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Self Storage
Load-bearing partitions are required in multi-story buildings. However, on top floors of such buildings and in single-story buildings, free-standing and movable partitions can be used. This way unit sizes can be adjusted, allowing for a flexible layout.
Typically both swing and roll-up doors can be used in any building type. Roll-up doors are more commonly found in single-story drive up units, and swing doors are used in interior and corridor conditions.
Roll Up Door
Swing Door
3-0 W6-8 H
10-0 W6-8 H
Partiton
Latch
Top Channel
Load-bearing
Movable
Free-standing
Partitions Doors
ComponentsDoors and Partitions
portable fixed
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Self Storage
High Security Panel
Soffit Flush Panel
A Panel
Doors should be painted a bright color to reflect the light in the corridor. The more light, the more attractive the facility is to customers.It is recommended that there be 8 flourescence for every 10.
Soffit Flush Panel allows for a clean and polished look. It also does not get damaged as easily from carts, because it has less grooves.
Interior Wall Panels
ComponentsCorridor Systems
portablefixed
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Self Storage
Single Story
Building Type
Single Story Conditioned
Warehouse
Mechanized
Mulit-Story
Interior Wall PanelUnit Partition PanelUnit Partition
Load-bearing MovableHigh Security Soffit Flush High Security R PanelR PanelFree-standing
ComponentsMatrix
portable fixed
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Self Storage
Exterior Wall Doors Roofing Panel
A Panel
BrickEIFS Roll-Up Swing R Panel Standing Seam TrapezoidCMU
R PanelSoffit Flush
ComponentsMatrix
portablefixed
The self storage industry began to increase in the 1980s and new developers and owners were looking to find more economical and efficient building systems. This led to the finding of prefab units. Since then, self storage has become almost all metal construction.
Typical self storage building components vary among different geographical regions.In an article in the SSA, by Heath Mulkey, it says that In the future, you may not be able to say there are basic materials for self-storage construction, because so many varieties of materials are being used.
The matrix reveals that single panel types can serve for several uses in a building. For example, the R Panel can be used for unit partitions, interior walls, exterior walls and roofing. This further proves the flexibility in the construction of self storage.
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Self Storage
portable fixed
Beam and PurlinSystem and Components
R Panel, Standing Seam, and Trapezoid are all useful here. Economy and water resistance are prioritized in the roof application.
Roof Panels
Partitions can be free-standing or movable.Not typically load bearing.High Security and R Panel are both viable options
Partition Panels
Infill panels of Soffit Flush, R Panel, A Panel are all typical. Vibrant colored panels are useful in reflecting light.
Exterior Wall
Roll-Up doors are optimal for their capacity to span the typical width of 7-7. Also when in the open position they are out of the way of the mover.
Doors
Mullion Caps are used to conceal the framing members on the exterior face. They are typically metal and non rated.
Exterior Wall
Efficiencies in Metal ConstructionNot only is there a certain efficiency in the structural systems employed in self storage facilities, but their components also follow the same economic agenda. The use of metal panels in many applications is popular in their low price, water proofing capability, and pest reduction.
Wood, another relatively cheap material is susceptible to mold, and pests and has decrease durability.
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Self Storage
portablefixed
Light Gauge ConstructionSystems and Components
Cross bracing is required in light gauge construction as simular to wood construction. Framing occurs 16 24 OC simular to wood.
Framing
Load-bearing paritions are used. They are typical framed with metal studs and metal finishes. Metal is optimal for waterproofing/ durability.
Partition Panels
On the top level free standing and movable partions with Soffit Flush, R Panel, and High Security are used.
Partition PanelsR Panel, Standing Seam, and Trapezoid are all useful here. Economy and water resistance are prioritized in the roof application.
Roof Panels
Corridor Systems are pre-frabricated for fast assembly. These too are typically metal.
Corridor Systems
Units
units
67
Self Storage
Many factors must be considered when trying to find the right unit size. Most unit sizes can actually be compared to spaces in the home and also to sizes of moving vehicles. They also vary according to fixed and portable storage
Dimension sizes may have also been influenced by previous used storage places and containers throughout history.
Included in this chapter is some history on both fixed and portable storage and various charts to help anyone either looking for a storage unit or even someone looking to start their own business.
6870
7274
Fixed StorageDimension Survey Unit Dimensions
Portable StorageDimension SurveyUnit Dimensions
units
68
Self Storage
5 x 5 5 x 10 5 x 15 10 x 10 10 x 12 10 x 15 8 x 24 10 x 20 10 x 25 10 x 30 10 x 35 12 x 25 12 x 30 10 x 50 12 x 35 20 x 20 20 x 30 30 x 30 40 x 30
UstoreItusstoragesearch.com
selfstorage.com
public storage
extra space storage
US selft storage Networktexasselfstorage.com
selfstoragefinders.com
storagewest.com
ccrstorage.com
Dimension SurveyFixed Storage
portable fixed
units
69
Self Storage
A survey of several self storage business unit dimensions was taken in order to find the most common unit dimensions. In this way the dimensions could be described in detail.
There is a wide variety of several different sized units, however there were many that seamed to reappear multiple times.
Throughout history there also seems to be a common standard of container sizes that still exist in todays industries. For example, the RCH container was used in the United Kingdom in the 1920s and it was the first standardised container that had lengths of 5 to 10 feet, a measurement we see in todays self storage untis.
5 x 5
5 x 10
10 x 10
10 x 15
10 x 20RCH Container
10 x 30
Dimension SurveyFixed Storage
5 10
portablefixed
units
70
Self Storage
5 x 5
5 x 10
10 x 10
10 x 15
10 x 20
10 x 30
Room ComparisonUnit Dimensions Vehicle Comparison
16
22
24
26
Small Closet
Walk-in Closet
Small Bedroom
Living Room
One Car Garage
Two Car Garage
portable fixed
Fixed StorageUnit Dimensions
units
71
Self Storage
-small home furnishings -ladders -a small boat -washer and dryer -car or pick-up truck
-large home furnishings -pianos -machine tools -billiard table
Contents-small furniture
-computer -bicycle -several small boxes -seasonal clothing
-furniture for a one bedroom apartment: -chairs -mattress set -several boxes
-furnishings for a one or two-bedroom apartment -patio furniture -boxes -sofa -desk
-furnishings for a three bedroom apartment -lawn and garden equipment -boxes -refrigerator
Fixed StorageUnit Dimensions
portablefixed
units
72
Self Storage
5 x 7 8 x 5 8 x 7 8 x 8 8 x 9 8 x 10 8 x 12 8 x 16 8 x 20 8 x 40
PODS
storetodoor.com
movablestorage.com
U-Store-It
Pack Rat
Go Minis
Dimension SurveyPortable Storage
portable fixed
units
73
Self Storage
Transporters were used during World War II to ship goods to officers in the field. The container has an 8x8 cross-section which we still find in todays shipping containers, including portable self storage units.
8 x 12
8 x 16
8 x 20
U.S. ARMY8
8
portablefixed
Dimension SurveyPortable Storage
units
74
Self Storage
Unit Dimensions Truck Dimensions
8 x 12
8 x 16
8 x 2022
22
16
Portable StorageUnit Dimensions
portable fixed
units
75
Self Storage
contents of a three bedroom home or larger
Contents Diagram
contents of a one bedroom apartment or condo
contents of a two bedroom apartment or a small home
portablefixed
Portable StorageUnit Dimensions
Systems
syst
ems
77
Self Storage
The needs of self storage is unique and similar to any other building type. There are many combinations of systems that are used. They include needs for lighting, power, mechanical systems and fire protection. There are four different methods of lighting used in self-storage facilities: site/parking lighting, exterior mounted, interior public (corridors) and interior private (units). Each of these methods are unique in that they provide safety for the users.
78
82
8486 87
Lighting
Power
Life SafetyClimate ControlAmenity v Necessity
syst
ems
78
Self Storage
LightingSite
portable fixed
SELF-STORAGE
The first method of lighting in a self-storage facility if site lighting. Site illumination contributes greatly to the user safety and patrons are more likely to select a storage facility that includes high illumination for parking, walkways and building perimeters.In a facility with parking space light posts are located 50 apart.
18-
0 -
30-0
50-0
50-0
syst
ems
79
Self Storage
LightingExterior Mounted
portablefixed
Exterior mounted lights are mounted to the buildings, which is common in the single-story self-storage buildings. These lights are divided into two types: Decorative and Wall Mounted.Decorative lights are fixtures that add curb appeal. These lights should be placed 9 above the ground and the storage doors.
Wall mounted lights should be placed 9 above the ground. The distance between these fixtures varies, but they should usually be 40 apart. They should also be placed on the center of two doors.
Wall MountedDecorative Exterior Mounted
9-0
9-0
Varies
syst
ems
80
Self Storage
LightingInterior Public
portable fixed
8-0
5-0
1x4 Recessed Indirect
1x4 Channel StripIn multi-story buildings corridors are always lit, for easy access to the units and security. There are two types of lighting that are generally used inside these facilities: 1x4 recessed fluorescent and 1x4 channel strip lighting. These lights should be installed in the center of the hallway. The electrician needs to provide supports that tie them into the structural purlin.
syst
ems
81
Self Storage
LightingInterior Private
portablefixed
EQ EQE
QE
Q
Round Fixtures
1x4 Channel Strip Inside self-storage facilities lighting is usually provided inside the units. Multi-story buildings have light fixtures for access and security, whereas the single-story buildings dont have any. These buildings use natural lighting during the day and have light poles during the night. Inside the units the light fixtures should be installed on the purlin. Lights usually come with motion sensors which can be used to automatically turn lights on and off.
syst
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82
Self Storage
PowerElectrical Panels
portable fixed
Self-storage facilities, similar to other buildings also have requirements for the use of electrical panels. Their requirements are different for single-story and multi-story buildings. The electrical panels are placed differently:
3-0
5-0
Exterior (single-story) False unit door (single-story) Corridor (multi-story)
syst
ems
83
Self Storage
PowerOutlets
portablefixed
Interior Units
Corridors (single and multi-story)
Office/ lobby (single story)
syst
ems
84
Self Storage
Life Safety
portable fixed
5-10
Fire Rated MaterialsAll materials are designed to mitigate the spread of fire from unit to unit. For more information see Components.
Fire ProtectionThe the elements that are needed for a fire are all available in Self Storage facilities. 1. Fuel 2. Oxygen 3. TemperatureBuilding Classification determines how extensive fire protection is integrated into the structure. Self Storage falls into the category of Ordinary Hazard
with warehouses. The main type of fire that is a concern for Self Storage construction is Fire Class A which involves solid combustible materials such as wood. The structural material is only a small portion of what may ignite, the personal materials with the storage unit are a great risk as well. Most facilities do not allow storage of hazardous materials (such as gasoline).
The most important principle in Self Storage fire protection is variability. Facilities differ greatly in the extent of their protection systems. All should meet code, but going above and beyond is a matter of consumer need. Extra protection is enticing, but lower cost is a more tangible factor.
Sprinkler SystemUsed to mitigate, not always extinguish fires. Sprinklers are not always used in storage applications, dependent of local building codes and market level.
syst
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85
Self Storage
Life Safety
portablefixed
5-10
50 maximum
Fire ExtinguishersMaximum travel distance to an extinguisher cannot be more than 75.
Alarm SystemDetects fire and initiates fire mitigation systems. All units
must be within 50 of a visual/audio alarm. Exit Signs must be at every exit door, exit stair and intersection of corridors. No
point within a corridor should be >100 from an exit sign.
syst
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86
Self Storage
Climate ControlMechanical
portable fixed
UnitsUniformly conditioned, generally without unit-by-unit control.
CeilingEither completely open to above or covered with a metal mesh for security reasons
Duct WorkEntire floor to ceiling areas are conditioned allowing for one duct system to service all units.
Climate control within self storage facilities is widely dependent on the organization of units and their material construction. In addition to heating and cooling, facilities also incorportate humidity control into their systems.
Units that have climate control generally are within a larger room or structure where the entire space is heated, including the unit through an open ceiling system. Occasionally units can have temperature control through hydronic flooring systems.
Single Story Usually in interior units, generally not drive up units
Multi-Story Usually accommodates climate control for units
Warehouse Building has climate control, units usually do not
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SystemsAmenity v Necessity
portablefixed
Hum
idity
Clim
ate
Spr
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Ext
ingu
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Rat
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atei
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Ala
rm
Sig
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Ligh
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Additional to Code
Required by Code
Hum
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Clim
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Spr
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Ext
ingu
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Rat
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atei
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Ala
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Sig
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Ligh
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Additional to Code
Required by Code
Requirement and luxury both play a role in the amount of systems present in Self Storage locations. The necessities as based on requirements by law such as building codes, generally addressing safety. Amenities are features provided by the facility that go above and beyond the required systems to extend customer comfort.
There is a direct tie between amenities and market rate, see Economy.
Access + Security
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Security is a major marketing component for self-storage. All self-storage facilites have the same program, but the security systems each one uses is what could set them apart from others.
There are many elements to self- storage security. They can be addressed separately, but the key to a successful strategy is recognizing how these elements work together. The key is to create a visibly secure environment that reassures renters and prospects and discourages potential wrongdoers.
Depending on the building type, there are several steps in accessing a unit. Different security components are also required for each type.
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9394959697
SiteEntry Access and Security Surveillance and Lighting
AccessSingle-StorySingle-Story ConditionedMulti-StoryPortable StorageMechanized
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Swing Gate Vertical Lift Gate Sliding Gate
portable fixed
Site Entry Access and Security
Card ReaderSecurity Keypad
The first and most important security element is your gate. The placement of your gate is influenced by several factors:
Local zoning may indicate the location of the gate and its size.
-Ideal-Pivots from one side-Works well
-Requires space to pull back-Seldom used-High maintenance-Lots of wear and tear
-Standard-Protect with bollards
-Protect with bollards
Type of Gates
Spacing of Keypad to Gate
Zoning
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It is extremely rare that theives will break in through the fence. They usually break in through the gate.
The gate should be far enough from the street to eliminate traffic and back-ups.
The office and parking should be outside the gate.
SiteEntry Access and Security
Safety
Position of Office Relative to Parking A site should have minimum amounts of access points in order to be safe and secure.
portablefixed
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Surveillance
Lighting
Cameras are an important piece of storage security. Not only will it enhance your security system but it will also attract customers as they look for maximum security and safety of their belongings. Having a screen in the office will assure customers you are serious about security. Just having a camera visible discourages users from storing illegal objects or stealing.
Exterior lighting should be placed every 40 feet. They keep customers and staff safe from getting hurt and having any accidents. In addition, having plenty of exterior light eliminates need for lighting within the unit.
portable fixed
Site SecuritySurveillance and Lighting
40
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AccessSingle-Story
Single-story facilities that are not conditioned have drive-up units. When first entering the lot, the user must input their password in the keypad. This grants them access into the facility. From there the user drives up to his or her unit and accesses their belongings.
Keypad - input password
Unit Access
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AccessSingle-Story Conditioned
A conditioned single-story facility becomes an interior corridor condition. The user must report to the lobby first to be allowed to enter the rest of the building. Then, the user can access his or her unit.
Lobby - access granted to building
Unit Access
portable fixed
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AccessMulti-Story
The steps to accessing a unit in a multi-story unit start to increase. A user must enter the lobby first, to be granted access into the building. Next, the user must use an elevator to get the floor of their unit. From that point the user can finally access their unit.
Unit Access
Elevator - take to floor of unit
Lobby - access granted to building
portablefixed
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AccessPortable StorageTo access a portable storage unit, one must call ahead. Within 24 hours the unit will be delivered to the owner. The unit can then either stay on the property for as long as the user wants or it can be returned to the warehouse once the user is done with it.
Call for unit
Truck - delivers unit from warehouse to home
Drop Off or Return to Warehouse
Drop Off or Return to Warehouse
Truck - delivers unit from warehouse to business
Call for unit
Home
Home Business
Business
portable fixed
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Call for unit
AccessMechanized
1/8" = 1'-0"1 Copy of Level 1 Presentation
3 entry2
4 lobby
2 open garage
1/8" = 1'-0"1 Copy of Level 1 Presentation
3 entry2
4 lobby
2 open garage
Front Desk - access granted to building
In order to access your unit in a mechanized storage facility, you must call ahead of time. Then, you have to go to the facility and go directly to the front desk. There the attendant will allow you into the lobby. The attendant will then call down your unit by punching in your number in a key pad. The unit, which is stored on a carousel is brought down for the user to access.
Unit Access - unit comes down on carousel
Lobby - security calls down unit using keypad
Call - ahead to access unit
portablefixed
Economics
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For architects, it is important to look at the self-storage building type as a business. The client is developing the project strictly as an investment. The purpose of the facility will be to produce income. Costs are always cut and profits are maximized. This is why the vast majority of self-storage facilities are nothing more than dumb architecture. Design with a capital D is hardly considered a wise expense in these cases. However, the way buildings are organized and finished and how the business is framed will affect profits.
This section will look at the self-storage industry as a whole, ways to structure the storage business and how architecture can impact profits.
Profitability efficiencies for each type will be looked at as well as the incorporation of various amenities to increase profit. These amenities will elevate a business to serve a more premium target market. As a result, market niches, target markets and pricing will be discussed. Lastly, the graphic language of the commercial storage world will be evaluated.
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Floor Plan Efficiency
Profit Producers
Market Position
Branding
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The Self Storage IndustryMajor Players and Protocols
portable fixed
National
There is no single governing power of the self storage industry. While the SSA is the national standard, only about 1/3 of all
self storage facilities belong to the association.
State Run National Brands
The mission of the Self Storage Association is to promote the highest standards of professionalism, conduct, honesty, integrity and ethical business practices adhered to by all Association Members; to provide leadership and support for the self storage industry in the United States and throughout the world; to address issues which specifically affect the self storage industry; to be the paramount resource for industry information, education, research, and technical expertise; and to enhance the quality and performance of self storage services and facilities.
The mission of the CSSA is the promotion of a high standard of professionalism which is adhered to by all of its members, to provide a unified voice for the Self Storage Industry for the State of California and to enhance the performance and quality of the services our industry has to offer. Guiding us in achieving an overall mission of member satisfaction.
National brands operate by creating a unique identity for themselves. Each company has a different set of basic standards it follows. For example, Pods created the portable torage industry. Fortress is unique in its high quality facilities . Many other companies have made a name for themselves not only by their iconic logos but also by the unique besiness business practices they have introduced to the industry.
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Self Storage Business StructureFranchising, Branching, or Independent
portablefixed
Franchising Branching IndependentFranchising allows people to buy the rights to use a well known name and image. These businesses typically occupy the mid to high-end markets. Franchising is the most common option with portable storage companies. Examples:
Branching allows a company to create an identity that can be expanded. These companies often use bright colors to create a memorable, iconic image of the company. These businesses typically occupy the mid to high-end markets. Examples:
Independent self storage facilities are good for business freedom. However, there is no predetermined brand identity or loyalty. These facilities must be in a prominent location in order to advertise their business. These businesses are typically found in the low to mid-market range. Examples:
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Operational Expenses Around 30 - 40 % of gross incomePricing Variability Pricing will vary weekly or monthly depending on the facilitys occupied percentage and the economic market.Largest Group of Players Real-estate DevelopersFacility Size Small facilities make little financial senseCirculation space About 20 % or square footage is lost to circulation in a typical enclosed facilityConstruction Cost The cost of construction/installation should be able to be paid off with 14 months of storage revenue.Unit Installation In 6 weeks the facility should be ready
Self-storage is a Business Money drives and shapes the industry Everything is done in the cheapest wayPricing Metric for the Industry Dollars per square foot per yearAverage price per Square Foot per Year $18 / sqft / yearTypical Pricing for a 5x5 unit $120 / monthTypical Return of Investment 10 - 12 % ROILand Mark-up The price of land should be 66 % of what you charge clients for rentingTypical Occupancy to Expect 90 % occupancyBusiness Development Timeline Takes about 12 months to reach 90 % occupation
Economic Rules of ThumbWhat You Need to Know about Developing Self Storage
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Operational Expenses Around 30 - 40 % of gross incomePricing Variability Pricing will vary weekly or monthly depending on the facilitys occupied percentage and the economic market.Largest Group of Players Real-estate DevelopersFacility Size Small facilities make little financial senseCirculation space About 20 % or square footage is lost to circulation in a typical enclosed facilityConstruction Cost The cost of construction/installation should be able to be paid off with 14 months of storage revenue.Unit Installation In 6 weeks the facility should be ready
Community and Neighborhood Groups Groups often oppose the development of industrial facilities in residential areas. They are often concerned with noise, traffic, poipulation growth and project unsightiness. This will be your biggest problem. Issues Retro-fitting a Building Negotiating a plan for unit layout usally is not a problem. Location of entrances and loading docks often are. Massaging a plan within a column grid is not a problem, as much as it is just a common issue to be addresses. Unforeseen Site or Construction Issues Human error or miscommunication often drive these problems. Also, construction hiccups such as an unsound foundation or leaky ceiling will cause delays. Investment Capital Self-storage attracts a lot of developers because it is often a sure thing that involves relatively little initial capital and yeilds a high return. Very rarely does the issue of not having enough capital arise. Permiting and Zoning Self storage, in most cites and states, is zoned as industrial. This rarely causes an issue because most facilities are developed on indsutrial land. This is because land there is cheap and often easily accessible. Facilities are also favored more than loud and busy industrial plants, factories or yards. Self Storage is minimally invasive to its surrounding community and is politically neutral.
Common Obstacles Against DevelopmentWhat Will Delay Your Project
portablefixed
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The self-storage business is based on profiting from from rentable square footage. Square footage is the industry standard for measuring rentable space. Unit heights are included on many unit descriptions, but across the industry clients rent on a per square foot basis. So, theoretically, the more square footage a facility has, the more profit it will produce. However, this is not an exact science but more of a guide to thinking about maximizing profit.
Some potential square footage will be needed for support spaces - all spaces not rentable for profit. Support spaces include criculation (car, foot, elevators and stair cores), reception room, offices, facilities and mechanical space. Generally, 20% of floor space is lost to support space. Also, any space wasted volumetically, for instance, where units do not meet the decking above, can be considered considered support space by architects. Developers may not acknowledge supportive volumetric space as an expense, but if considered when designing, an architect could produce a more profitable building.
Support spaces are expenses. They require construction cost, conditioning and operatioanl costs as well.Operational costs should account for 30 - 40% of gross income.
=rentable space (income)
efficiency ratesupport space (expense)
Floor Plan Efficiency AnalysisWhy Assess Square and Cubic Footage
portable fixed
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Self Storage
There are three basic metrics in broadly evaluating an organizational schemes efficiency for profitability. If we consider for now, the amount of rentable space to have a directly proportionate correlation to profits, then naturally, as rentable space increases so do profits. Because the organizational schemes vary so greatly, it is best to use these three metrics to paint the best overall picture.
The metrics are as follows:
Storage/Total (ft2)
This gauge measures the amount a facilitys floor plan occupied by rentable space.
This measure is best for assessing open-air and enclosed single-story facilities as well as discorving plan and program inefficiencies.
This gauge measures the amount of a facilitys volume in cubic feet that is occupied by rentable space. This gauge is best for assessing all enclosed-structure types including single-story, multi-story, warehouse and one-offs as well as finding organizational and volumetric inefficiencies.
This gauge measures the amount of rentable square footage, including stacked rentable square footages that occupy the same footprint, against the facilitiys total square footage. Rentable square footages on separate floors occupy separate footprints. Also, if enough rentable space is stacked on the same floor, a product of more than 100% usage could be attained.
This measure is best for assessing warehouse facilities and one-off types such as a mechanized tower scheme.
Storage Stacked/Total (ft2) Volumetric Storage/Total (ft3)
Floor Plan Efficiency AnalysisHow to Assess Efficiency
portablefixed
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Storage/Total (ft)
6WRUDJH6WDFNHGTotal (ft)
9ROXPHWULF6WRUDJHTotal (ft) 84%38% of
cubic footagecubic footage
51%ofcubic footage
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Self Storage
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Single Story
of
48%ofcubic footage
63%square footage
of
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*
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Conditioned Multi-Story Portable0HFKDQL]HGSingle Story Warehouse
portable fixed
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omy
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Self Storage
Storage/Total (ft)
6WRUDJH6WDFNHGTotal (ft)
9ROXPHWULF6WRUDJHTotal (ft) 84%38% of
cubic footagecubic footage
51%ofcubic footage
68%square footage
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41%97%square footagesquare footage
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literal stackingliteral stacking
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Self Storage
11
backgroundsite
structureunits
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Self Storage
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portable[HGportable [HG
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Single Story
of
48%ofcubic footage
63%square footage
of
63%square footage
*
literal stacking
Conditioned Multi-Story Portable0HFKDQL]HGSingle Story Warehouse
portablefixed
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Profit ProducersRetail Space
portable fixed
The retail part of self storage is an important part of the business. It allows self storage facilities to make a higher profit per square foot than just renting units would. In facilities with a retail store, this is the highest profit area of the site. Most facilities have some type of retail space even if it is just a small shelf selling boxes and tape in the office. Other facilities have a larger area that sells a much larger selection of moving supplies. Many facilities also offer rental items. These can be small things like dollies or often trucks.
Customer Primary and Secondary IntentionsThe guest who arrive at a self storage facility will have an intention for being there. That primary intention is usually to rent a unit, pay for a unit or simply inquire about renting a unit. The secondary intention is often not own to the customer until it is presented in front of them. Stocking a room with storage essentials with a convenience mark-up will trigger a customer to buy a lock or get more tape.
Goods for Self Storage RetailLocks, boxes, tape, plastic wrap, tape measures, protective packaging peanuts/air bags/foam, securing straps and chords, truck rentals, 2-wheeler rentals.
Three Locations for Successful RetailOneThe main display of goods. These items will be things that are typically forgotten when moving, such as extra tape, locks or boxes. The client should see this right as they enter the establishment. TwoThe front desk display. This is a spot for smaller items, other adverstisements or pamphlets. ThreeOn the way out the door. Signs thanking the customer for business and advertising deals will be the last thing they see before they go.
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Retail Business
portablefixed
to self storage units
entrance
retail
frontdesk
1
2
3
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Self Storage
Like square footage is an area for generating income, so are billable amenities. The addition of amenities can elevate your business and set it apart from the competition. Also, including them will validate a premium price. Each of these amenities has a
range of options.
Having an actual person on site 24/7 will instill trust in your clientele.
Creating or aligning with a brand will associate your business with a set of principles and priorities. This will bring in an appropriate clientel