SELF-EVALUATIONREPORTVetNorth Japan

TheCooperativeVeterinaryEducationProgramme betweenHokkaidoUniversitySchoolofVeterinaryMedicineandObihiro UniversityofAgricultureandVeterinaryMedicine

2019

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INTER-FACULTY SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY & OBIHIRO UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE

AND VETERINARY MEDICINE

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University Kita-ku Kita 18 Nishi 9

Sapporo 060-0818, Japan TEL: 011-706-5190

Website: http://www.vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp/en/

●

Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Nishi 2-11

Obihiro 080-8555, Japan TEL: 0155-49-5111

Website: http://www.obihiro.ac.jp/english/index.html

Office for Accreditation of Veterinary Education TEL: 0155-49 5211

Website: ………………………………

LocationofVetNorth Japan

n Google Map

• Hokkaido Universityhttps://www.google.co.jp/maps/@43.0797048,141.3359474,3259m/data=!3m1!1e3?hl=ja

• Obihiro Univeristy of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicinehttps://www.google.co.jp/maps/@42.8893239,143.1935388,2041a,35y,221.7h,44.42t/data=!3m1!1e3?hl=ja

SapporoObihiro

Hokkaido

Honshu

Shikoku

Kyushu

Tokyo

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INTER-FACULTY SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY & OBIHIRO UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE

AND VETERINARY MEDICINE

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University Kita-ku Kita 18 Nishi 9

Sapporo 060-0818, Japan TEL: 011-706-5190

Website: http://www.vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp/en/

●

Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Nishi 2-11

Obihiro 080-8555, Japan TEL: 0155-49-5111

Website: http://www.obihiro.ac.jp/english/index.html

Office for Accreditation of Veterinary Education TEL: 0155-49 5211

Website: ………………………………

Sapporo

Obihiro

Approx. 200 km distance

Hokkaido University (HU)

Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (OU)

1.5 hr flight

1.5 hr flight

Contactaddress(LiaisonOfficer):n KeikoKawamoto,D.V.M.,Ph.D.(RepresentativeLiaisonOfficerofVetNorth Japan)

Professor

SectionofAppliedVeterinarySciences,DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine,SchoolofCooperativeVeterinaryMedicine(VetNorth Japan)

2-11,Inada,Obihiro 080-8555,Hokkaido,Japan

E-mail:kkeiko@obihiro.ac.jp

Phone/Fax:+81-155-49-5890

n HiroakiKariwa,D.V.M.,M.S.,Ph.D.(LocalLiaisonOfficerofHokkaidoUniversity)

Professor

LaboratoryofPublicHealth,DepartmentofPreventiveVeterinaryMedicine,DivisionofVeterinaryMedicine,FacultyofVeterinaryMedicine,HokkaidoUniversity (VetNorth Japan)

Kita-18,Nishi-9,Kita-Ku,Sapporo060-0818,Hokkaido,Japan

E-mail:kariwa@vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp

Phone/Fax:+81-11-706-5211

ThisistheSelf-evaluationreport(SER)ofVetNorth JapanforFullVisitationbytheEuropeanAssociationofEstablishmentsforVeterinaryEducation(EAEVE).TheSERwaswritteninEnglishinagreementwithESEVT(UppsalaSOPMay2016).

TheSERconsistsofthereportitselfandanappendixwiththemostrelevantinformation.Theappendixisseparatelybound.

Otherdocumentsofinterestfortheexpertswillbeavailableattheconsultativesitevisit.Iftheexpertsneedfurtherinformation,pleasefeelfreetocontacttheRepresentativeLiaisonOfficer.

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Abbreviations AAALAC AssociationforAssessmentandAccreditationofLaboratoryAnimalCareInternationalABSL AnimalFacilityBiosafetyLevelACVP AmericanCollegeofVeterinaryPathologistsACVR AmericanCollegeofVeterinaryRadiologyAMED JapanAgencyforMedicalResearchandDevelopmentAY AcademicYearAiCVIM AsianCollegeofVeterinaryInternalMedicineBSC BiosafetyCabinetBSE BovineSpongiformEncephalopathyBSL BiosafetyLevelCALL Computer-AssistedLanguageLearningCBT Computer-BasedTestingCOE CenterofExcellenceCT ComputedTomographyCUEA UniversityEducationAffairsCenter(OU)CUFM CenterforNationalUniversityFinanceandManagementDVM/OU DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine,ObihiroUniversityofAgricultureandVeterinaryMedicine EAEVE EuropeanAssociationofEstablishmentsforVeterinaryEducationECG ElectrocardiogramECTS EuropeanCreditTransferSystemEPT ExternalPracticalTrainingESEVT EuropeanSystemofEvaluationofVeterinaryTrainingESG StandardsandGuidelinesforQualityAssuranceintheEuropeanHigherEducationArea EU EuropeanUnionFCASA FieldCenterofAnimalScienceandAgricultureFD FacultyDevelopmentFSSC FoodSafetySystemCertificationFTE Full-TimeEquivalentFY FiscalYearGPA GradePointAverageHACCP HazardAnalysisandCriticalControlPointHEI HigherEducationInstitutesHINES HokkaidoUniversityInformationNetworkSystemHPAI HighlyPathogenicAvianInfluenzaHU HokkaidoUniversityIACUC InstitutionalAnimalCareandUseCommitteeICT InformationandCommunicationsTechnologyICU IntensiveCareUnitIEC InternationalElectrotechnicalCommissionILAR InstituteforLaboratoryAnimalResearchIPC InformationProcessingCenter(ObihiroUniversity)ISO InternationalOrganisationforStandardizationIT InformationTechnologyJAEVE JapaneseAssociationofEstablishmentsforVeterinaryEducationJCLAM JapaneseAssociationforLaboratoryAnimalMedicineJCVP JapaneseCollegeofVeterinaryPathologistsJCVS JapaneseCollegeofVeterinarySurgeonsJCZWM JapaneseCollegeofZooandWildlifeMedicineJICA JapanInternationalCooperationAgencyJRA JapanRacingAssociation

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JSPS JapanSocietyforthePromotionofScience JSVI JapaneseSocietyofVeterinaryImagingsJVMA JapanVeterinaryMedicalAssociationLAC LargeAnimalClinic(Obihiro)LINAC LinearAcceleratorMAFF MinistryofAgriculture,ForestryandFisheriesMEXT MinistryofEducation,Culture,Sports,Science&TechnologyMHLW MinistryofHealth,Labour,andWelfareMRI MagneticResonanceImagingNCUEE NationalCenterofUniversityEntranceExaminationsNIAD-QE NationalInstitutionforAcademicDegreesandQualityEnhancementofHigherEducationNOSAI NationalAgriculturalInsuranceAssociationNUC NationalUniversityCooperationOIE WorldOrganisationforAnimalHealthOPAC OnlinePublicAccessCatalogueOSCE ObjectiveStructuredClinicalExaminationOSD OfficeforStudentswithDisabilitiesOU ObihiroUniversityofAgricultureandVeterinaryMedicinePDCA Plan-Do-Check-Act QA QualityAssuranceSAC SmallAnimalClinic(Obihiro)SCJ ScienceCouncilofJapanSD StaffDevelopmentSER SelfEvaluationReportSEU StandardsforEstablishmentofUniversities SNS SocialNetworkingServiceSOP StandardOperatingProceduresSVM/HU HokkaidoUniversitySchoolofVeterinaryMedicineSWOT Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-ThreatsTOEFL TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage TOEIC TestofEnglishforInternationalCommunicationTR TutorialRoomUGSVS UnitedGraduateSchoolofVeterinaryScience,GifuUniversityVAC VeterinaryAffairsCouncilVCAT VeterinaryCommonAchievementTestVMC VeterinaryMedicalCenter(Obihiro)VMMCC VeterinaryMedicineModelCoreCurriculumVNJ VetNorthJapanVTH VeterinaryTeachingHospitalvetCBT VeterinaryComputer-BasedTestingvetESO VeterinaryEducationSupportOrganizationvetOSCE VeterinaryObjectiveStructuredClinicalEvaluation

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Table of contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Standard 1: Objectives and Organisation .............................................................................................. 4

1.1. Factual Information (Findings) .................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Comments .................................................................................................................................................................. 8 1.3. Suggestions for improvement ..................................................................................................................................... 9

Standard 2: Finances ............................................................................................................................. 10 2.1. Factual Information (Findings) .................................................................................................................................. 10 2.2. Comments ................................................................................................................................................................ 14 2.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................... 14

Standard 3: Curriculum .......................................................................................................................... 15 3.1. Factual Information (Findings) .................................................................................................................................. 15 3.2. Comments
 .............................................................................................................................................................. 20 3.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................... 20

Standard 4: Facilities and equipment ................................................................................................... 25 4.1. Factual Information (Findings) .................................................................................................................................. 25 4.2. Comments
 .............................................................................................................................................................. 31 4.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................... 31

Standard 5: Animal resources and teaching materials of animal origin ........................................... 32 5.1. Factual Information (Findings)
 ................................................................................................................................ 32 5.2. Comments
 .............................................................................................................................................................. 39 5.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................... 39

Standard 6: Learning resources ........................................................................................................... 40 6.1 Factual Information (Findings) ................................................................................................................................... 40 6.2. Comments
 .............................................................................................................................................................. 42 6.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................... 42

Standard 7: Student admission, progression and welfare ................................................................. 43 7.1. Factual Information (Findings) .................................................................................................................................. 43 7.2. Comments
 .............................................................................................................................................................. 48 7.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................... 48

Standard 8: Student assessment .......................................................................................................... 49 8.1. Factual Information (Findings)
 ................................................................................................................................ 49 8.2. Comments
 .............................................................................................................................................................. 50 8.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................... 50

Standard 9: Academic and support staff ............................................................................................. 51 9.1. Factual Information (Findings)
 ................................................................................................................................ 51 9.2. Comments ................................................................................................................................................................ 55 9.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................... 55

Standard 10: Research programmes, continuing and postgraduate education .............................. 56 10.1. Factual Information (Findings) ................................................................................................................................ 56 10.2. Comments
 ............................................................................................................................................................ 60 10.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................. 60

Standard 11: Outcome Assessment and Quality Assurance ............................................................. 61 11.1. Factual Information (Findings) ................................................................................................................................ 61 11.2. Comments ............................................................................................................................................................... 64 11.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................. 64

12. List of ESEVT Indicators .................................................................................................................. 65 12.1. Factual Information (Findings) ................................................................................................................................ 65 12.2. Comments .............................................................................................................................................................. 65 12.3. Suggestions for improvement ................................................................................................................................. 65

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Introduction BriefhistoryoftheEstablishmentandofitspreviousESEVTVisitations(ifany)VetNorthJapan(VNJ)wasestablishedin2012withtheaimofprovidingworld-classveterinaryeducation.TheCooperativeVeterinaryEducationProgrammejoinsthefacultiesoftwonationaluniversities,HokkaidoUniversitySchoolofVeterinaryMedicine(SVM/HU)andtheFacultyofVeterinaryMedicineatObihiroUniversityofAgricultureandVeterinaryMedicine(DVM/OU). BothuniversitiesareinHokkaido,thelargestandnorthernmostprefectureinJapan.BothareapprovedasnationaluniversitiesofJapanesehighereducationunderthejurisdictionoftheMinistryofEducation,Culture,Sports,ScienceandTechnology(MEXT). BriefhistoryofSVM/HUandDVM/OUbeforetheVNJestablishmentOriginallyfoundedasSapporoAgriculturalCollegein1876,HokkaidoUniversity(HU)isoneoftheoldest,largestandmostprestigiousuniversitiesinJapan,anditnowhas12undergraduateand25graduateschools.ThebasicphilosophiesguidingHU’seducationandresearchincludeFrontierSpirit,GlobalPerspectives,Well-RoundedEducationandPracticalLearning.VeterinaryeducationatHUstartedin1878andprofessionalveterinaryeducationbeganin1880.TheDepartmentofVeterinaryMedicinewasestablishedin1910.In1952,itgrewintotheSchoolofVeterinaryMedicine. OUwasfirstestablishedasObihiroHigherTechnicalSchoolofVeterinaryMedicinein1941anditwastheonlynationalagriculturaluniversityin1949toprovideaworld-classeducationinagriculture,animalhusbandryandveterinarymedicine.OUislocatedinthemiddleofTokachiDistrict,whichiscalled“Japan’sfoodproductionbase”andconsistsofthelargestfieldcropandlivestockzoneinJapan.OU’sbasicphilosophyisnurturingitscharacteristicsthroughthecreationandpracticaluseofknowledge,andcontributingtoregionalandinternationalcommunitiesbydevelopinghumanresourcestosupportandprotectfoodsafety,animalhealthandpeople’slivelihoods.SVM/HUhasactivelyengagedinresearchonzoonoticdiseases,lifesciences,ecosystempreservation,andcompanionanimalmedicine,whileDVM/OUhasfocusedonfarmanimalmedicineandproduction,foodsafety/securityandprotozoandiseases. TheMEXTgavefundingsupportfortheestablishmentofeducationandresearchcentersthatprovidesleadership,bestresearchandtrainingforafocusareatostrengthen

theinternationalcompetitivenessofJapaneseuniversitiesas“21stCenturyCenterofExcellence(COE)”programme.TheresearchandeducationprogrammespresentedbybothuniversitieswereselectedbyMEXTas“21stCOEprogramme”(HU:ProgrammeofExcellenceforZoonosisControl;OU:Sustainabilityandsafetyinfoodanimalproduction).Basedontheevaluationof‘21stCenturyCOEProgram’,bothuniversitieswerefurtherselectedtobea“GlobalCOEProgram”(HU:TheEstablishmentoftheInternationalCollaborativeCenterforZoonosisControl;OU:AnimalGlobalHealth).BackgroundoncooperativeveterinaryeducationIn2004,allJapanesenationaluniversitiesweretransformedinto‘nationaluniversitycorporations(NUCs)’.Beforethat,thenationaluniversitieshadbeenpartsofthegovernment.MEXTisstilltheofficialauthoritythatoverseestheNUCs;however,eachnationaluniversitybecameasemi-autonomouspubliccorporation,separatefromthegovernmentandwithmorefreedominmanagement. InNovember2008,MEXTrevisedtheStandardsfortheEstablishmentofUniversitiesandcreatedalegalframework,calledthe‘CooperativeEducationProgram’,toallowmultipleuniversitiestoprovideandutilizeeducationalresourceseffectively.Thesocialneedforveterinarymedicineeducationhasbecomemorediversifiedandadvanced,notonlyforanimalpracticebutalsoforlifescience,worldwideinfectioncontrol,publichealth,andenvironmentalhygiene.Instillingahighqualityofeducation,whichwillformthebasisofveterinarians’qualifications,isimportantandnecessary.Toaddresstheissueeffectivelyandprovideacomprehensive,international-leveleducation,SVM/HUandDVM/OUestablishedandMEXTapprovedtheVNJprogrammein2012. Combiningtheadvantagesofthetwovetschools,VNJwasfoundedtoformulateaneducationalframeworkforinternationallyacceptableveterinaryprofessionswithanup-to-datecurriculumthatcoversallfieldsofveterinarymedicineandsciences.MEXT’sprojectbudget,‘SubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan’,fromFY2012toFY2017,includedanallocationtoVNJtointensivelyredevelopandstrengthenthequalityofuniversityeducation(SeedetailsinStandard2.1.). Since2012,whenthenewcurriculum(Curriculum2012)attheVNJprogrammecommenced,wehavevisitedestablishmentsthatareapproved/accreditedbyEAEVEinordertogatherinformationonthecurrentstatusof

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veterinaryeducationinEuropeancountriesanddiscusshowtoimproveourownveterinaryeducation.Further,wehavealsoinvitedexpertsfromtheEAEVEestablishmentstoconductinformalconsultations.WereceivedconsultativevisitationbyESEVTexpertsinJuly2017inaccordancewithUppsalaSOPMay2016.TheupcomingFullVisitationscheduledinJuly2019willbethefirstESEVTFVforVNJ.MainfeaturesoftheEstablishmentTheVNJprogramme,withasix-yeartermofstudy,wasauthorizedbyMEXTandisledbytheVNJCouncil,whichconsistsofbothuniversities’presidents.VNJiswellmanagedbytheVNJExecutiveBoardandanorganisationcomprisingvariouscommittees(Standard1.1.4.). Themainfeatureofourveterinaryeducationsystemisthecooperationbetweenthetwoveterinaryschools,whichhassignificantlystrengthenedveterinaryeducationandresearchfields. Thetwoveterinaryschools,SVM/HUandDVM/OU,mutuallyutilizeeachother’soutstandingeducationalresourcesinordertodeveloparichcurriculumthattheindividualvetschoolswouldnothavebeenabletoformulate.Inparticular,auniquecomplimentaryclinicalrotationhasbeenintroducedtoprovideasufficientnumberofcaseloadinvariousanimalspecies.Underthecurrentcurriculum,theteachingstaffofSVM/HUinstructsstudentsinseveralsubjectsatDVM/OUandviceversa(fromSVM/HUtoDVM/OU:31subjectsand44credits,fromDVM/OUtoSVM/HU:26subjectsand38credits).Thisprogrammealsoallowsstudentsofbothinstitutionstoparticipateinseminarsandpracticaltrainingsessionsofferedoneithercampusandinteractiveremoteclasses.MaindevelopmentssincethelastVisitation WereceivedaConsultativeVisitationinJuly2017inaccordancewithUppsalaSOPMay2016.ThreepotentialmajordeficiencieswereidentifiedbytheESEVTexperts. Themaindevelopmentsregardingthemajordeficienciesareasfollows: 1. We renewed our internal regulations to involve

students, juniorstaffandexternalstakeholders intheVNJ’sorganisationalstructure.Theirinputisusefulforimprovingthequalityoflearningandteaching.

2. We increased thenumberof veterinarians, academicandsupportstaffandopeneda24/7clinicalserviceforcompanionanimals(SVM/HU)andequines(DVM/OU).

3. Afacilityforanatomyandnecropsywasrenovatedtomeetabiosecuritystandard(SVM/HU).

Othersignificantdevelopments 4. AnExoticUnitwasopenedattheVTH(SVM/HU),and

cooperationwithlocalzoos(MaruyamaZooandObihiroZoo)wasestablishedinbothlocations.

5. Aspay/neuterprogrammehasbeenintroducedincooperationwithlocalanimalshelters(SVM/HUand

DVM/OU).6. Selectivesubjectswereincreased,includingaquatic

animalmedicine,zoopractice,andVTHclinicalrotationinforeigncountries,viaaninternationalvetexchangeprogramme(IVEP).

7. IncreasetheopportunitiesforEPTtrainingatameatinspectioncenterwereaddedunderthecooperativeagreementwiththelocalgovernmentagency.

8. Animalwelfareconceptinteachingandresearchhasbeenenhanced,e.g.,environmentalenrichment,thedisclosureofanimalexperimentapplications(DVM/OU)andreducingtheuseofliveanimals.

9. AVPN(VirtualPrivateNetwork)wasintroducedinApril2019tomakeaccessibleOU’sinternalnetwork.Allstudentscannowuseinternalnetwork-basedservices(suchasdownloadingreferences)fromtheircomputersoroutsidenetworks.

10. Theremotelecturesystemwasupdatedforsustainability,cost-effectivenessanduser-friendliness.

11. Theamountofe-learningcontentgrew.12. Newtools,modelsandsimulatorswereaddedtothe

ClinicalSkillsLabs.13. Isolationfacilitiesforcompanionanimalswere

renovated(SVM/HU). 14. Themainlibrarywasrenovatedtoprovideabetter

learningenvironment;theconstructionwillbecompletedbySeptember2019atOU.

15. Twomobilediagnosticimagingvehicleswereintroducedatalargeanimalclinic(ultrasound,x-ray,endoscope,bloodanalyser(CBCandbiochemical),on-farmmoleculardiagnosticdevices.

16. Thecurrentcurriculum(Curriculum2012)wasreviewed.Theexternalstakeholders,studentsandfacultymembersworkedtogethertoenhancestudentlearning,engagement,experienceandoutcomes.

17. TheVNJDayOneCompetencyListhasbeenformulated.

18. Newbuildingsforexperimentalanimalswereconstructed(HU).

MajorproblemsencounteredbytheEstablishment Severalspecificproblemshavebeenresolved.Ontheotherhand,significantchangesintheoperationalstructures,curriculumandfacilitieshavegeneratedstressrelatedtoadoptingthenewsystemandtheyrequiredalotofextraworkfromthestaffandstudents. Theacademicandsupportstaffhadtomanagetwocurriculainparallel;itwasadifficultperiodespeciallyduringthetransition(2012-2015)fromtheoldcurriculumtothecurrentone(theVNJCurriculum2012). Resolvedissues1. Inthepreviouscurriculum,thehands-onclinical

rotationwastooshort.Weincreasedtheclinicalrotationperiodfromfourtotwelveweeks.

2. Thecaseloadinthelargeanimalpracticewaslow.WeincreasedthenumberofveterinariansandacademicandsupportstaffinthelargeanimalclinicandrenovatedDVM/OU’sVTHforlargeanimals.Accordingly,thenumberofpatientshasincreasedyearbyyear(SeeTable5.1.2,5.1.3inStandard5).

3. TomeetthebiosafetyandbiosecuritystandardsofEAEVE,werenovatedandconstructedseveralfacilities

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forveterinaryeducation,includingVTHsforsmallandlargeanimals,necropsyandanatomyfacilities,ahospitalizationbarnandisolationfacilities.

4. WerevisedtheVNJcurriculumtomeettherequirementsofEUDirective2005/36/EC.

5. Thenumberofnecropsycasesinallcommondomesticanimals,exceptcompanionanimals,increased.

6. Weimprovedthequalityassurance(QA)systemofVNJinaccordancewithnationalandEuropeanstandardsandtherequirementsofEAEVE.Therefore,asystemallowinginputfromexternalstakeholdersandstudentsintheformofanAdvisoryPanelhasbeenintroduced.

7. Accesstopoultryandpigfarmsislimitedduetostrictbiosecurity.Therewasinsufficientclinicalandpublichealthtrainingwiththeseanimalspecies.SinceJune2017,aherdvisitandtrainingprogrammeatcommercialfarmsofpigandpoultryhasstartedtoimprovethecurrentsituation.

Ongoingchallenges1. Studentsarenotforcedtoworkoverthehours

definedbythecredit(1creditforHands-ontrainingcorrespondsto45workinghours).Accordingly,studentshavelimitedexposuretonight/emergencyduty(2credits,1.5creditsforcompanionanimalsand0.5creditsforlargeanimals).

2. NecropsycasesofcompanionanimalsarelowerthantheaverageofEuropeanestablishments.Mostoftheownersdonotdonatethebodiesofthedeceasedpetstoveterinaryschools.Theygenerallyhaveapetfuneralandcrematethebodiesastheywouldforahuman.Itistraditionallybelievedthatabodyshouldbewholeuponcremation.Thus,wedonothavelargenumbersofnecropsycasesofcompanionanimalsbecauseofthisculturalbackground.

3. Effectivecommunicationbetweenalllevelsofstaffandstudentsisimportant.Enormouschangesintheshorttermforthedevelopmentprocessalsoimpededtheunderstandingandcommunicationamongthefacultymembersfrombothlocations.Since2011,wehavebeenoperatingannualjointmeetingcamps(VNJFacultyAssembly).EveryMarch,allacademicstaffsfrombothlocationsgathertoshareinformationandproblemsanddiscussissuesface-to-face.Employingaremoteconferencesystemalsoensuresfrequentcommunicationbetweenthetwolocations.Wewillcontinuetoimprovecommunicationateverylevel.

4. Thefundingformaintenanceandrenewalcostsofmedicalequipmentislimited.

VersionanddateoftheESEVTSOPwhichisvalidfortheVisitation UppsalaSOP2016,whichwasapprovedbytheEAEVEatGeneralAssemblyonMay12,2016.

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Standard 1: Objectives and Organisation 1.1. Factual Information (Findings) 1.1.1.DetailsoftheEstablishment,i.e.officialname,address,phonenumber,Emailandwebsiteaddresses,Establishment’sHead,nameanddegreesoftheperson(s)responsiblefortheprofessional,ethical,andacademicaffairsoftheVTH,officialauthorityoverseeingtheEstablishment Officialname TheCooperativeVeterinaryEducationProgrammebetweenHokkaidoUniversitySchoolofVeterinaryMedicineandObihiroUniversityofAgricultureandVeterinaryMedicine(VetNorthJapan,VNJ). WebsiteHokkaidoUniversitySchoolofVeterinaryMedicine(SVM/HU):https://www.vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp/DepartmentofVeterinaryMedicine,ObihiroUniversityofAgricultureandVeterinaryMedicine(DVM/OU):https://www.obihiro.ac.jp/vet-med-prgHeadoftheEstablishment(Dean)Name&degrees:HisaoKurazono,D.V.M.,M.S.,PhD,VicePresidentofObihiroUniversityofAgricultureandVeterinaryMedicine Address:2-11Inada,Obihiro,080-8555,Hokkaido,JapanPhonenumber:+81-155-49-5422Email:hkurazon@obihiro.ac.jp*TheDeansofSVM/HUandDVM/OUshallserveastheDeanandViceDeanofVNJ,alternatingeveryfouryears.TheVNJDeanoverseesandisresponsibleforalltheprogrammesrelatedtotheprofessional,ethicalandacademicaffairsoftheeducationprogramme,issupportedbytheViceDeanandDirectorsoftheVTHsinthetwolocations(bothholdD.V.M.andPhDdegrees). OfficialauthorityoverseeingtheEstablishment:HUwasfoundedin1876asSapporoAgriculturalCollege.OUwasestablishedin1941asObihiroHigherTechnicalSchoolofVeterinaryMedicine.BothuniversitiesareapprovedasnationaluniversitiesofJapanesehighereducationunderthejurisdictionoftheMinistryofEducation,Culture,Sports,ScienceandTechnology(MEXT).TheVNJCouncilconsistsofToyoharuNawa,PhD,PresidentofHUandKiyoshiOkuda,D.V.M.,PhD,PresidentofOU,overseestheVNJ. 1.1.2.SummaryoftheEstablishmentStrategicPlanwithanupdatedSWOTanalysis,themissionandtheobjectivesOnthebasisoftheSWOTanalysis(Figure1.1)ofthecurrentstatusoftheVNJ,whichwasupdatedbytheQACommitteeandauthorizedbytheProgrammeExecutiveBoardinMarch2017,wehavedevelopedthefollowingstrategicplans: MissionOurmissionistobenefitsocietyandtheenvironmentbyprovidingveterinaryprofessionalswhohaveasolid

foundationofknowledge,skillsandethicsandwhowillcontributetothepromotionofthehealthandwelfareofbothanimalsandhumans.

ObjectivesTheprimaryobjectiveoftheVNJistoprovide,inagreementwiththeQualityAssurance(QA)FrameworkofHigherEducationinJapan(MEXT,Japan),adequate,ethical,research-andevidence-basedveterinarytrainingandtoproducenewgraduateveterinarianswho:1)Meetacompetencythresholdforentry-level

professionalsincludinglicenceeligibility;2)Haveafoundationwithhighethicalstandardsto

addressthegrowinganddiversifiedsocialneedsofveterinarymedicineandtheabilitytocontributetothepromotionofpopulationhealththroughimprovinganimalhealthandwelfarethroughamultidisciplinaryapproach;

3)Possessaglobalperspectivewiththe‘OneHealth’conceptinordertorespondtoandpreventenvironmentalissuesandinfectiousdiseases,includingtransboundaryanimaldiseases,zoonosesandfoodbornediseases,whichthreatenanimalandhumanhealth;

4)Understandtheimportanceoflifelonglearningandtheneedtoobtainup-to-dateinformationaboutevidence-basedveterinarymedicinethroughresearch-basededucation.

StrategicPlans(2016-2021)1. DesignanInnovativeCurriculumandEducational

EnvironmentAsaresultofthelaststrategicplan(2010-2015),wecoordinatedthecurriculumtomeettheEUDirective2005/36/EC,reinforcedclinicalhands-ontrainingandrenovated/constructedfacilitiesforveterinaryeducation.Thecurriculumandeducationalenvironmentcontinuetobeimproved.Wehavealsoreviewedthecurrentcurriculum(Curriculum2012)tointroduceastudent-centeredpedagogy.Thenewcurriculumwillbeintroducedin2019.Wehavestarted24/7emergencyservicesforcompanionanimalsandequinesandwillstrengthentheactivityofthe24/7emergencyservices.

2. EnsuringandenhancingtheQASystemforVeterinary

Education Inadditiontotheuniversity-levelQAthathasbeenintroducedunderlegalobligation,weenhancedourQAsystemattheVNJprogram-level.Weperformedasystematic,impartial,objectiveandself-andstakeholder-basedevaluationofhoweffectivelyourprogrammeisworking.Byreviewingandanalysingkeyindicators,wewillbeabletoplanandcontinuouslyimproveoureducationandresearch.Toevaluatethequalityofourprogramme,wearegoingtoreceivetwoexternalevaluationsspecificto

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veterinaryeducationbyEAEVE(2019)andJapanUniversityAccreditationAssociation(JUAA)(thedateisnotfixedyet).TheacquisitionofEAEVEaccreditationisoneofthelandmarkinternationalstandardswewantourveterinaryeducationtoreach.

3. EnhancementofResearchActivities TheVNJintendstoenhanceresearchactivitiestocultivatestudents'scientificthinkingandproblem-solvingability.TheVNJpromotesresearchactivitiesbyapplyingforexternalresearchfundsandincreasingthenumberofdoctoralstudentsandresearchstaff.Byofferinganexcellentresearch-basededucation,wecanconsolidateourpositionandproduceoutstandinghumanresources.

4. EnhancedContributions to the LocalCommunityand

SocietyByadvancingknowledgeandexpandingourapproachtopracticallearning,wewillcontributetotheregionalandinternationalcommunitythroughdevelopinghumanresources,whocanrespondtosocialdemandsandcreatingcollaborationsandstrongpartnershipsbetweenacademia,governmentandindustry.AgricultureisHokkaido’smajorindustry.Weofferpublicservicestosupportcommunitiesthroughourclinics,diagnosticlaboratoriesandregional

collaborativecenters,contributingtoanimalandhumanhealthandensuringfoodsafety.

5. GlobalizationofResearchandEducation

TheVNJstrengthenspartnershipswithoverseasuniversities,withwhichwecanexchangestudentsandstaff.WehavecontributedtointernationalcollaborationsandeducationthroughtheWorldHealthOrganisation(WHO)CollaborativeCenterandWorldOrganisationforAnimalHealth(OIE)referencelaboratories.Wealsosupporttocapacity-buildingindevelopingcountrieswithJapanInternationalCooperation Agency(JICA),whichistheactingbodyofJapan’sOfficialDevelopmentAssistance(ODA).TheVNJwilltakeitsresearchandeducationtotheglobal-level.

6. FosteringGlobalLeadersofOneHealth

Contributingtoveterinaryscienceisstronglyexpectedtohelpachieve“OneHealth”throughouttheworld.TheVNJwillimproveitseducationtoshareinternationalperspectivesandleadershipskillswithstudentsaswellasfostertheirexpertiseandsenseofresponsibility.

Figure1.1.SWOTanalysisofVetNorthJapan

SWOT Analysis for VetNorth JapanSummary of the SWOT analysis for VetNorth Japan updated in 2018

Weaknessesl Insufficient 24/7 emergency services for companion

animals and equinel Insufficient patient numbers of porcine, poultry & exotic

petsl Insufficient necropsy cases of companion animalsl Time, labour, and operating costs for complementary

education (transportation and accommodation for staff and students, etc)

l Insufficient QA procedures including the lack of organizations to take the input from students & external stakeholders

l Insufficient EPT programme & its managementl Low number of specialized veterinariansl Absence of VPN at OU

Opportunitiesl Strong demand for and interest in veterinary medicine

through human-animal-nature bond concept from the community

l Veterinarian is one of the popular occupations. l Big impact of education reinforcement in VetNorth

Japan on other universities and the communityl Reputation, branding & competitiveness of VetNorth

Japan due to renovation of veterinary education & QA, & entailed accreditation by the EAEVE

l Leadership of VetNorth Japan in Japan & Asia in veterinary education & QA establishment

Threatsl Continuous decline of budgets to national universities in

Japanl Financial difficulty for sufficient staffingl Change in economic status & population ageing that

would affect veterinary education & trainingl Decrease in number of prospective students due to

declining birthrates

Strengthsl Academic staff with novel & broad specificities with high

activities in scientific researchl Combined education system with totally complementary

structure, facilities, resources & environment for veterinary studies and training

l Excellent facilities and infrastructurel Students with high motivation & academic abilityl Harmonization of staff from two locations sharing

periodical FD/SD for QAl Leading VTH for small and large animals with eminent

medical care in Japanl Various active overseas collaborations in education &

research

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1.1.3.SummaryoftheEstablishmentOperatingPlanwithtimeframeandindicatorsofachievementofitsobjectives ThedetailtheOperatingPlanswithatimeframeandindicatorsofpastandcurrentStrategicPlansareshowninAppendix 1. ThesummaryofoperatingplanswithhighprioritygiventothecurrentStrategicPlan(2016-2021)islistedasfollows:Education・Renovationofnecropsyandanatomyfacilitiesat

SVM/HUtomeetthebiosecurityrequirements(completed)

・Increaseinthenumberofnecropsiesofcompanionanimals(continuous)

・Strengtheningclinicaltrainingforswine,poultryandemergencyserviceforcompanionanimalsandequine(continuous)

・Strengtheningextramuraltrainingforfoodsafetyandquality(continuous)

・ImprovementofwebsitesprovidingimportantandnecessaryinformationfortheVNJprogramme,suchasstrategicplans,qualityassuranceandbiosafetyandbiosecurityprocedurestoensurebetterunderstandingamongthestaffandstudents(continuous)

・ConsolidationofQAsystemtobetteruseinputfromstudentsandexternalstakeholdersforthecontinuousimprovementofeducation(continuous)

・Updatinginformationforbettereducationfromdomesticandinternationalorganisationsandexperts(continuous)

Indicatorsincludeastudentsatisfactoryrate,students’score/grades,retention,graduationanddropoutrates,passrateofnationalexaminationforveterinarianlicence,no.ofspecializedveterinarians,no.ofapplicants,no.ofnecropsycases,andno.ofclinicalcaseloads.AccreditationbyEAEVEisoneimportantindicatorofourveterinaryeducationhavingmetinternationalstandards.Research・ReforminggraduateschoolsatHUandOU

(completed,seedetailinStandard10)・Promotionofbasic,appliedandtranslationalresearch

(continuous)andactivereleaseofresearchoutcomes(continuous)

・Strengtheninginternationalcollaborationandpromotingtheinternationalexchangeofstaffandstudents(continuous)

・Increasingtheacquisitionofresearchgrants(continuous)

・Increasingthenumberofsignificantpublications(continuous)

Indicatorsincludegrantincome,publications,PhDstudentship,awards,publicationswithinternationalco-authorship,no.ofMOU,PhDstudents,internationallyoutboundstudents,internationalprogrammes,

internationalsymposium/seminarsandinternationalstaffandfeedbackfromgraduatestudents.Services・Providinghigh-quality,advancedclinicalservicesto

supportanimalhealth(continuous)・Internationalaccreditationfordiagnosticservices

(ISO17025,OIEreferencelaboratories,HUandDVM/OU),milkplantandfarmmanagement(FSSC22000andISO22000,OU)(completed)

・Openingcommunitypracticeservices,suchasspaying/neuteringstraydogsandcats(completed)

・Openinga24/7emergencyclinicforcompanionanimalsandhorses(completed)

・Increasingcollaborativeactivitieswiththelocalcommunityinresearchandeducationalfields(continuous)

IndicatorsincludeinternationalaccreditationsuchasISO17025,AAALAC,FSSC22000andISO22000,no.ofcollaborativeandcooperativeworkswiththecommunity,numberofcaseloads,revenuesfromclinicalanddiagnosticservicesandsatisfactoryfeedbackfromclients.1.1.4.Organisationalchart(diagram)oftheEstablishmentAdiagramoftheorganisationoftheVNJisshowninFigure1.2.TheorganisationalchartofeachlocationisprovidedinAppendix 2 (SVM/HU)and 3 (DVM/OU).1.1.5.Listofdepartments/units/clinicsandcouncils/boards/committeeswithaverybriefdescriptionoftheircomposition/function/responsibilities CommonorganisationalstructureoftheVNJTheVNJCouncilconsistsofthetwouniversities’presidents.AsshowninFigure1.2,thecouncilisthehighestdecision-makingbodyanditisresponsibleforensuringefficientfinancialsupportforoperatingtheVNJprogramme. TheVNJExecutiveBoardconsistsofdeansfromthetwolocationsanditdecidesmoststrategicissues.ItmustapproveofallitemssubmittedbytheProgrammeExecutiveBoard.ThemembersoftheProgrammeExecutiveBoardareappointedbytheVNJExecutiveBoard.TheProgrammeExecutiveBoardisapracticaldecision-makingbody,whichisresponsibleforallissuesrelatingtotheteaching,learningandresearchcarriedoutintheVNJprogramme.TheboardcomprisestenprofessorsfromeachlocationanddirectsthewholeVNJprogramme.TheVNJAdvisoryPanelhasbeenestablishedsince2017.Thepanelconsistsofcriticalinternalandexternalstakeholders,includingstudent,publichealthandanimalhealthsectorrepresentatives,graduatesandmembersoflocalveterinarianassociationsandprivatecompanies.Thepanelmeetstwiceayeartounderstandtheneedsandexpectationsfortheprogramme,fromdifferent

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perspectives.Thepanel’sfeedbackisconsideredtoimprovethequalityoftheprogramme.

Figure1.2.OrganisationaldiagramofVetNorthJapan

Wehavesixjointcommitteesforhandlingandoperatingimportantcommonissues.Thesejointcommitteescoordinateideasanddiscussionsfromrelevantlocalcommitteestomakemutualagreements.Detailsofthecomposition,functionandresponsibilitiesofeachcommitteeareprovidedinAppendix 4, 5 and6.

・TheAcademicAffairsCommitteeplansandreviewstheacademicprogrammesandcontinuedimprovementofteachingandlearning.

・TheQACommitteeisresponsibleforthequalitymanagementofourveterinaryeducation.

・TheInternationalAccreditationCommitteeisinchargeofdevelopingaplan, andcollectingandprovidingrelevantinformationforourveterinaryeducationtoobtaininternationalaccreditations.

・ThePortalSiteCommitteemanagesandimprovestheVetPortalsite,ane-noticeboardtopromotecommunicationsbetweenthestudentsandacademicstaffofthetwolocations.

・TheAdvancedEducationCommitteeisresponsibleforthe

managementofAdvancedSeminars,whichcoverelectivesubjectsandprovidedeeperknowledgeandskillsofspecialveterinarytopics.

・TheVeterinaryCommonAchievementTest(VCAT)Committeeconsistsoftwosubcommittees(vetCBTandvetOSCE),whichareresponsibleforoperatingtheVCAT,whichisheldinYear5beforeparticipatingclinicalrotation.ThechairpersonsofthecommoncommitteesandthedirectoroftheVTHsallholdaveterinarydegree. OrganisationofSVM/HUandDVM/OUThedetailedorganisationalchartofeachlocationisshowninAppendix2and3.SapporoBriefly,FacultyofVeterinaryMedicineconsistsoftwodivisions;oneistheDivisionofVeterinaryMedicineandtheotheristheVeterinaryTeachingHospital(VTH).TheDivisionofVeterinaryMedicineconsistsofsixdepartmentsincludingBasicVeterinarySciences,DiseaseControl,EnvironmentalVeterinarySciences,Applied

VetNorth Japan CouncilPresidents of HU & President of OU

Organisational diagram of VetNorth Japan

VetNorth Japan

VetNorth Japan Executive BoardVetNorth Japan Dean

Deans of SVM/HU and DVM/OU

Joint Committees of VetNorth Japan Representative faculty members from SVM/HU & DVM/OU

DVM/OU

–Obihiro–

FacultyMeetings,

Committees&

Working Groups

SVM/HU

–Sapporo–

Faculty Meetings,

Committees&

Working Groups

International Accreditation

VCAT (CBT & OSCE)

Advanced Education

Portal Site

VetNorth Japan Advisory PanelExternal stakeholders

&StudentRepresentatives

Program Executive BoardRepresentative professors from SVM/HU and DVM/OU

Quality Assurance

Student Union Student Union

Academic Affairs

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VeterinarySciences,PreventiveVeterinaryMedicine,andClinicalSciences.TheteachingstaffattheVTHconsistsofallacademicstaffmembersandresidentsintheDepartmentofClinicalSciencesandtheVTHDivision. Importantissuesinthefacultyaredeliberatedanddecidedinmonthlyfacultymeetings.ThemembersofthefacultymeetingsincludetheSVM/HUdean,vicedean,professors,associateprofessorsandlecturers.Assistantprofessorsarealsoabletoattendthefacultymeeting.Tostrengthenthehearingfromjunioracademicstaff,SVM/HUdeanestablishedDeanSupportingCommitteewhichconsistsofoneprofessorandjuniorassociateandassistantprofessors.Inaddition,SVM/HUdeanconvenesthefacultyassemblyinSapporoseveraltimesayeartodiscusstheannualbudgetofthefacultyamongotheragendas.ThefacultyassemblyinSapporoisameetingthatinvolvesallacademicstaff,includingassistantprofessors.ObihiroTheVNJeducationprogrammeisdeterminedbythefacultymembersoftworesearchdivisions–VeterinarySciencesandClinicalVeterinaryMedicine-aswellastheacademicstafffromVeterinaryMedicalCenter(VMC),DiagnosticCenterforAnimalHealthandFoodSafetyandNationalResearchCenterforProtozoanDiseases. ThefacultymembersofOUalsoassembleattwotypesofmonthlymeetings,theVeterinaryMedicineProgrammemeetingandtheDepartmentMeeting.Theyincludeallacademicstaff(professors,associateprofessors,lecturersandassistantprofessors)whoareresponsibleforthecoresubjectsoftheVNJeducationprogramme.Theydeliberateeducationalandrelatedsubjectsintheformermeetingandresearch-relatedissuesinthelattermeeting.Allinformationandresultsaresharedwitheachotheratbothmeetings.1.1.6.DescriptionofhowandbywhothestrategicplanandtheorganisationoftheEstablishmentaredecided,communicatedtostaff,studentsandstakeholders,implemented,assessedandrevisedSincetheVNJhasajointfacultyfromtwouniversities,proceduresfordecision-making,communication,assessmentandrevisionofstrategicplansareconductedattheVNJ-levelandateachuniversity. EachnationaluniversityinJapandrawspreparesitssix-yearmid-termgoalsforstrategicplansandsetoperationalplanstoenhanceadministrativeautonomyandachieveadistinctivepresence,thuscarryingoutstrategicuniversitymanagement.TheVNJ’sstrategicplanintendstoreflectthestrategicplansofbothuniversities.Duetothedifferenceinstructurebetweentheuniversities,thecommunicationprocessesateachuniversityarealsodistinct. Universitylevel SapporoTheSVM/HUdeandiscusseswithmembersoftheFacultySteeringCommitteehowtocomposetheSix-YearTerm

StrategicPlanforeducationandresearch.TheSVM/HUdeanconvenesthefacultyassemblytocollectopinionsfromthefacultystaffincludingthejuniorstaff.TheSVM/HUdeansubmitsthestrategicplantotheExecutiveOfficeforPlanningandManagementoftheuniversity.TheBoardofExecutivesapprovesthestrategicplanandfinallysubmitsittoMEXT.TheSVM/HUdeanreportstheexecutionstatusofthestrategicplanfortheVNJtotheEvaluationOfficeofHUannually.Afterreviewingthereport,theEvaluationOfficesendsthereporttotheuniversitypresident.Inthethirdyearofthestrategicplan,thepresidentconvenesameetingoftheBoardofExecutivestoevaluatetheexecutionreport.Accordingtotheresultsoftheirevaluation,theSVM/HUdeanconvenesaFacultySteeringCommitteetomakeanimprovedstrategicplanandexecuteit.
ObihiroThedean,universityvicedirectors,thedirectorofeachcentersandseveralprofessorsappointedbythepresidentareresponsibleformakingthestrategic(theSix-YearTermStrategicPlan)andoperationalplansbasedontheuniversity’spriorities.TheseplansareapprovedbytheExecutiveOffice,whichconsistsofthepresident,twoexecutivevicepresidentsforeducationandresearchandthedirectorgeneral.Everythreemonths,theprogressoftheplansisreportedtothepresidentasawrittendocument.Everyhalf-year,theExecutiveOfficemeetswiththedean,vicedirectorsoftheuniversityanddirectorsofthecenterstoexchangeopinionsabouttheprogressoftheoperationalplans.AttheendoftheFY,thepresidentreceivestheannualreportsthathavebeensubmittedfromeachsectionandevaluatestheoutcomes.University’sSix-YearTermStrategicPlanhttps://www.obihiro.ac.jp/navi-evaluationVNJlevel ThedraftoftheVNJstrategicplan,whichismadebasedonaSWOTanalysis,isfirstdiscussedbytheFacultyMeetingatbothlocations.TheProgrammeExecutiveBoardrevisestheplanandreleasesittotheVNJExecutiveBoard.TheExecutiveBoardfinalizestheplan,followedbytheapprovaloftheVNJCouncil. Decisionsarecommunicatedtofacultymembersandsupportstaffusuallythroughinternalmailing,regularandon-demandmeetingsandFD/SDseminars. ThestrategicplansareimplementedbytheVNJfacultymembers,whereasrelevantcommittees,theProgrammeExecutiveBoardassessandreviseprogressandoutcomestatements.

1.2. Comments TheobjectivesandmissionoftheVNJforveterinaryeducationanditsimprovementareprimarilybasedonthecooperativeeducationframeworkforthetwoveterinaryschools.

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Bothveterinaryschoolshaveprominentacademicstaffdealingwitheducationandresearch.Theyworkinvariousfieldsofveterinarymedicineandscienceandareexperts,recognizedbytheirglobalscientificcommunities.Unifyingthestafffromthetwoveterinaryschools,therefore,iskeytopursuingourgoalsforveterinaryeducationanditsimprovementattheVNJ.Tomaintainandstrengthentheirharmonization,weaimtocontinuethemonthlymeetingsoftheProgrammeExecutiveBoardandtheannualVNJJointFacultyAssembly. TheVNJhasanadvantageinveterinaryeducationduetotheenvironmentalcircumstancesofHokkaido.HUislocatedinSapporo,thefifthlargestcityinJapan,whichenablesHUtohavealargenumberofcompanionanimalcases.Ontheotherhand,ObihiroisinTokachiDistrict,whichisamajorfood/livestockproductionarea.Hokkaidohasawonderfulnaturalenvironmentwithavarietyofwildlife,towhichwemayhaveaccesssuitableenvironmentalresourcesforveterinaryeducationwithinthe‘OneHealth’philosophy.

1.3. Suggestions for improvement Toreducetheadverseeffectsofdistance(e.g.costandtimerequiredfortransportation),weneedtofurtherrenovateoperatingproceduresandourcurriculum.InJapan,subsidiestonationaluniversitiesforeducationandresearchcontinuetodeclineyearbyyear.TheVNJneedstomakesignificanteffortstoobtainsubsidiesforasustainableveterinaryeducationsystem.Weshouldreinforceoureffortstocollaboratewithcompaniesandregionalgovernmentsandaskfordonationsforbothuniversities.Basedonqualityassuranceprinciples,wewillpromotecommunicationatvariousoperatinglevels.Itwillbedonewithfacultymembersandconsiderthepointsofviewsofstudentsandexternalstakeholders.OurfirststudentsundertheVNJcurriculum(Curriculum2012)graduatedinMarch2018.WebeganrevisingtheCurriculum2012forcontinuousimprovementwithinternalandexternalstakeholders.

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Standard 2: Finances 2.1. Factual Information (Findings) 2.1.1.DescriptionoftheglobalfinancialprocessoftheEstablishmentSapporo(Appendix 7)Themainbudgetsourcesfortheestablishmentarethe“SubsidiesforNationalUniversities”fromMEXT,projectsubsidiesandresearchgrants.TheSubsidiesforNationalUniversitiesthatHUreceivedareallocatedbythePresidenttofacultiesbasedonarequestandappraisalprocess(http://www.hokudai.ac.jp/jimuk/reiki/reiki_honbun/u010RG00000477.html).ThesubsidyforNationalUniversitiesfacultiesreceivecanbeusedasordinaryexpensesformanagingfaculty.EachrelevantcommitteeintheveterinaryschoolsubmitsbudgetrequeststothedeanofSVM/HU.Thedeanmakesadraftbudget,withtheBudgetCommitteeofthefaculty,byconsideringcommittees’requestsandtransferringthedraftbudgettotheFacultyMeeting.Then,thedraftbudgetisdiscussedandapprovedbytheFacultyMeeting.ThebudgetexecutionisreviewedattheFacultyAssembly,ensuringefficientexpenditure. MostoftheprojectsubsidiesatthefacultyarefundedbyMEXTandareusedspecificallyforeachproject’sobjectives.Projectleadersmaketheirbudgetswhilesteeringcommitteesdiscussandapprovethebudgets.ProjectleadersreportthebudgetexecutiontoHUthroughtheSVM/HUdean.HUsendsthereportstoMEXT.ProgrammeofficersorMEXT-assignedevaluationcommitteesannuallyreviewthereportsandrecommendimprovementsifnecessary.ResearchgrantsatHUarefundedbyMEXT,MinistryofHealth,LabourandWelfare(MHLW),MinistryofAgriculture,ForestryandFisheries(MAFF),JapanAgencyforMedicalResearchandDevelopment(AMED),JapanInternationalCooperationAgency(JICA)andotherministries/organisations/companies. AllresearchgrantsareallocatedtoHU,whichHUthentransferstotheprincipalresearchersresponsibleforthebudgetexecution.Principalresearchersrenderfinancialstatementsandsendthemtorelevantministries/organisations/companiesthroughtheSVM/HUdeanandHU.TheAnnualFinanceReportincludesinformationonexpenditureandrevenueswhileseparatelydescribingpersonnel,operating,maintenanceandequipmentcosts. Obihiro(Appendix 8)Theuniversity’sannualbudgetisadoptedforthefiscalyearbeginningon1Aprilandendingon30March.TheprocessforthebudgetplanandallocationisshowninAppendix8.

MainsourcesofrevenuesforDVM/OUarethe“SubsidiesforNationalUniversities”,projectsubsidies,andexternalresearchgrants.MEXTrefinesannualsubsidies,andthentheuniversity’sExecutiveOffice,whichconsistsofthePresident,ExecutiveVicePresidentsandDirectorGeneral,decidestheallocationofbudgettoeachdepartment. TheglobalfinancialprocessatOUisconsistentwiththeRegulationforBudgetManagement(https://education.joureikun.jp/obihiro/act/frame/frame110000138.htm).First,thepresidentreleasesanannualbudgetplanningpolicy,whichsetstheframeworkfortheuniversity’sstrategicplan.Basedonthispolicy,theFinanceSectionpreparesanannualbudgetimplementationplan.EachunitsubmitsabudgetrequestforthenextfiscalyeartothepresidenteveryJanuary.AbudgethearingisheldbytheexecutivevicepresidentsandtheFinanceDivisionsothattheycanarriveatapreciseunderstandingoftherequests.Theserequestsareconsideredtoformaplan.ThebudgetplanisrevisedbytheUniversityExecutiveOffice,whosemembersincludethePresident,ExecutiveVicePresidentsandDirectorGeneral.TheManagementCommittee,whichincludesexternalexpertsandtheBoardofDirectors,mustapprovetheplan,thenthepresidentfinalizesitanddecidesonthebudgetallocation. ThefinancialchartofSVM/HU’sandDVM/OU’stotalexpendituresandrevenuesisshowninAppendix 9 aswellasinTable2.1.1-2.1.3.2.1.2.DegreeofautonomyoftheEstablishmentonthefinancialprocess Sapporo ThesubsidiesforNationalUniversitiesareallocatedfromtheuniversity’sHeadquarterstotheSVM/HU.Thesesubsidiescanbeusedforavarietyofactivitiesineducationandresearch.TheSVM/HUdeanisresponsibleformakingthebudgetplanforboththefacultyandGraduateSchools.ObihiroThesubsidiesforNationalUniversitiesareallocatedtotheDVM/HU.Thesesubsidiescanbeusedforavarietyofactivitiesineducationandresearch.TheDVM/HUdeanhasafairamountoffreedomwithwhichtoplanthebudgetfromthesesubsidies.2.1.3.%ofoverheadtobepaidtotheofficialauthorityoverseeingtheEstablishmentonrevenuesfromservicesandresearchgrants SapporoTheHUheadquaterstakesfive%oftheincomefromtheVTHthroughthefaculty.Ninety-five%oftheVTH’sincomeisusedforoperatingandmanagingtheVTH.Theoverheadpercentageforeachresearchgrantvaries,dependingongrantrulesandcangoupto30%(the

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Universityandveterinaryschooltake50%oftheoverhead,each).ObihiroThepercentageofoverheadtobepaidtotheUniversityisasfollows:researchfunding(30%)andclinicalanddiagnosticservice(0%,nooverhead).2.1.4.Annualtuitionfeefornationalandinternationalstudents Ingeneral,theannualtuitionfeeforanationaluniversityinJapanissetbyeachuniversity,basedonthestandardamountstipulatedinArticle2oftheMinisterialOrdinanceonTuitionandOtherExpensesatNationalUniversities,undertheprovisionsofArticle22-3oftheNationalUniversityCorporationAct(ActNo.112of2003).TheannualtuitionfeesforHUandOUarebasedonthisstandard.Theannualtuitionfeeforundergraduatestudentsisapprox.4,228euros(535,800yen),regardlessofnationality. 2.1.5.Estimationoftheutilitiesandotherexpendituresdirectlypaidbytheofficialauthorityandnotincludedintheexpendituretables SapporoMostoftheestateandbuildingsintheVeterinaryUnitofHUaremaintainedbycentralfundsfromtheHU,andtheutilitycostsarepaiddirectlybytheestablishment’sAccountsSection.Thesecostsareincludedintheexpendituretables.Theutilitycostsforwater,electricityandgasin2017were50,096.16euros(6,347,184yen),526,857.09euros(66,752,793yen)and52,380.39euros(6,636,596yen),respectively. ObihiroMostoftheestateandthebuildingsaremaintainedbycentralfundsandfacilitymaintenancefees(includingrepairs,utilities,waterpurificationandcleaning)arepaiddirectlybytheofficialauthority.Thesecostsareincludedintheuniversity’soverallbudget.2.1.6.Listoftheon-goingandplannedmajorinvestmentsfordeveloping,improvingand/orrefurbishingfacilitiesandequipment,andoriginofthefunding Sapporo1）Ongoinginvestments・Quantitativereal-timePCRsystemandliquid

chromatography-massspectrometry(LC-MS)fortheestablishmentofCenterforDiagnosisandDiseaseControl(GrantfromMEXTforWorld-leadingInnovativeandSmartEducationProgram).

・ImprovementstotheClinicalSkillsLabs(SubsidyfromMEXTforthePromotionofFunctionalStrength).

・Recruitingnewclinicalandsupportstaffinpreparationfor a 24/7 equine emergency service. (Subsidy fromMEXTforspecialpurposes).

2)Plannedinvestments・Upgradingapaperlessmeetingsystem(Subsidyfrom

MEXTforthePromotionofFunctionalStrength).・Ahigh-fieldmagneticresonanceimaging(3TMRI)is

plannedfortheVTH(VTHincome).3)Completedinvestments

・Renovationofthee-learningroom(45seats,subsidyfromtheGrantfromMEXTforWorld-leadingInnovativeandSmartEducationProgram).

・Researchfacilityforfarmanimals(SubsidyfromMEXTforspecialpurposes).

・Research facility for infectious diseases and chemicalexposure (Subsidy from MEXT for the Promotion ofFunctionalStrength).

・Renovationof theanimal facility (Subsidy fromMEXTforspecialpurposes).Thefacilityincludesanatomyandnecropsyareas.

・Establishment of sixth laboratory room for commonuseofchemicalanalysisequipment.

・Renovationofremotelecturesystem(subsidyfromMEXTfortheSubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan).

・Establishmentofseconde-learningroom(tenseats,subsidyfromtheSubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan).

・Constructionofe-Portfoliosystemforgraduatestudents(GrantsfromMEXTfortheLeadingGraduateSchools).

・Advancedmedicalequipment.CTcoveredbyhospitalincomewhilethefollowingwerepurchasedwithsubsidiesfromMEXT:alinearaccelerator(LINAC),orthovoltageX-raymachine,laparoscopicsurgerysystem,digitalvideorecordingsystemforsurgicalprocedures,cardiacultrasoundmachineandautomatedapheresissystem

・Advancedresearchequipment.ThefollowingwerepurchasedwithsubsidiesfromMEXT:isotope-ratiomassspectrometry(IRMS)system,visualcommunicationsystem,digitalslidescannersystem,ultra-high-resolutionscanningelectronmicroscope,transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM),ionprotonsystemfornext-generationsequencing,cellsorter,confocallaserscanningmicroscope,biologicalcabinetX-rayirradiatorandGermaniumsemiconductordetectorforgamma-rayspectrometry.

Obihiro1) Ongoingandplannedinvestments・FormationofEducationandResearchCenterforFood

andAnimals(2015-2020)(SubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan)

・Installationofnewelectronicmedicalrecordsystemforthelargeanimalclinic

・ImprovementstotheClinicalSkillsLabs,15,153.91euros(1,920,000yen)(2018-2019)

2) Completedinvestments・Facilitationofclinicswithmodernclinicalequipment,

includinganMRIandCTforlargeandsmallanimals(2013-2015,SubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan)

・ConstructionofAnatomyandNecropsyfacilities(2014,SubsidiesforNationalUniversities,SubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan)

・ConstructionofaDiagnosticCenterforAnimalHealthandFoodSafety(2014-2015,SubsidiesforNationalUniversities,SubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan)

・ConstructionofaLargeAnimalClinic(LAC),

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hospitalizationwardforlargeanimalsandisolationunitforlargeandsmallanimals(2014-2015,SubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan)

・RecruitingnewclinicalandsupportstaffforstrengthenLACclinicalserviceincluding24/7equineemergencyservice.

・Equipementsforaspay/neuterservice ・ISO/IEC17025foraDiagnosticCenterandOIE

referencelaboratoriesfortheNationalResearchCenterforProtozoanDiseases(2016,SubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan)

・FSSC22000,ISO22000(2014-2016,FoodManagementSystemandFoodProcessing)forUniversityFarm(SubsidiesforNationalUniversities)

・On-campus accommodation facility for HU students(2016,SubsidiesforNationalUniversities)

2.1.7.Prospectedexpendituresandrevenuesforthenext3academicyears SapporoThemaintenancecostswillincreasebecauseoftheabove-mentionedconstructionprojects.TheVTHwillemployfivemoreassociateprofessorsin2019tostrengthentheclinicalserviceandeducation.Accordingly,thepersonnelcostswillincreaseinnext3years.TheamountoffundingfromtheJapanesegovernmentandMEXTfortheuniversity(‘Publicauthorities’inTable2.1.2)isprojectedtodecreaseby1.6%peryearinthenextfiveyearsforHokkaidoUniversity. Otherrevenuesourcesareasfollows:TworevenuesourcesfromMEXTwereobtainedin2018. Therevenuein2018was2,196,353.59euros

(278,278,000yen)forthedoctoralprogrammeinWorld-leadingInnovative&SmartEducation(2018-2024);theamountmaychangeinthefollowingyears.

FortheprojectsusingtheOfficialSubsidyforthePromotionofFunctionalStrength(2018-2021),therevenuein2018was793,804.26euros(100,575,000yen)andtheamountmaychangeinthefollowingyears.

ObihiroTheprospectedmajorrevenuesforDVM/OUarederivedfromthefollowingsources:・TheSubsidyforNationalUniversityReform

(PromotionofmanagementreformofNationalUniversityCooperation),1,031,633.78euros(130,708,000yen)(2018-2021).

・TheSubsidyfortheFormationoftheEducationandResearchCenterforFoodandAnimalHealth,14,546,006.31euros(1,842,979,000yen)(2016–2021),4,805,966.85euros(608,916,000yen)(2018-2021)willbeallocatedtoveterinaryeducationandresearch.

・Externalservicesprovidedbytheuniversity,including

thetuitionfee,smallandlargeanimalclinics,diagnosticserviceandsalesofagriculturalproducts.

・Inadditiontothefundingabove,theacademicstaffwillobtaingovernmentand/orprivateresearchfunds(seedetailinTable10.1.5).

2.1.8.Descriptionofhowandbywhoexpenditures,investmentsandrevenuesaredecided,communicatedtostaff,studentsandstakeholders,implemented,assessedandrevised SapporoTheSVM/HUdeandraftsthefinancialplanfortheestablishment,whichincludedanactionplanforasix-yearterm(thecurrenttermbeing2016-2021).TheplanisdiscussedandapprovedattheFacultyMeeting.TheplanissubmittedtotheuniversityandundergoesthebudgetappraisalprocessintheExecutive’soffice.ThedeanalsomakesadraftoftheannualbudgetandsettlementandthensendsittotheBudgetCommittee,whichconsistsofacademicandsupportstaff.ItisthenapprovedbythoseattheFacultyMeeting.ThebudgetisreviewedattheFacultyAssembly.TheVTHdirectorisresponsiblefordraftingthebudgetfortheVTHandsendingittotheAnimalHospitalSteeringCommittee,whichmeetsthreetimesayear.Thecommitteediscussesanddecidesonthebudget.TheFacultyMeetingreviewsandapprovestheVTHbudget.TheVTHmeeting,whichconsistsofaround20facultymembersfromtheClinicalDivisionandmeetsmonthly,reviewsthebudgetexecutionandpossibleimprovementstoit.TheVTHclinicalpracticeprofitsareusedtocoverVTHexpensesandmanagement;therefore,itsfinancialconditionisself-sufficient.Onceayear,theuniversityopensthefinancialreportstothepubliconitswebsiteandinabrochure(http://www.hokudai.ac.jp/pr/johokokai/pub/22jo/finance/).Thedetailedbudgetandsettlementreportforeachfacultyisalsocirculatedamongstfacultymembersandsupportstaffbutnotprovidedtothestudents.ObihiroAbudgetplan,includingexpenditures,investmentsandrevenues,isdeterminedbytheExecutiveOfficewhichconsistsofthepresident,executivevicedirectorsanddirectorgeneral,andtheFinancialSection.Itconsiderstheuniversity’smasterplanandthenatureofitsbudgetaswellasthebudgetrequestsfromfaculties,departmentsandothersections.Theinformationpertainingtoannualexpenditures,investmentsandrevenuesispresentedinayearlyfinancialreportbytheFinancialSectiontoprovideabroaderfinancialpicture.TheManagementCommitteeanalysesitandthen theDivisionHeadCommitteeapprovesit.Thereportisopentothepublicandcanbedownloadedviatheinternet(https://www.obihiro.ac.jp/corporation-info-finance).

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Table2.1.1.Annualexpendituresduringthelast3academicyears(inEuros) (Appendix9)1Euro=126.7Yen

Sapporo Areaofexpenditures 2018* 2017 2016 MeanPersonnel(permanent) 4,826,305.44 5,031,977.20 4,697,692.99 4,851,991.88 Personnel(temporary) 1,824,363.89 2,122,926.95 1,475,014.99 1,807,435.28 Operatingcosts 7,289,825.92 11,749,518.38 6,591,875.15 8,543,739.82 Maintenancecosts 285,914.42 219,288.65 625,316.29 376,839.79 Equipment 1,775,367.01 725,725.82 774,545.87 1,091,879.57 Totalexpenditures 16,001,776.68 19,849,437.00 14,164,445.29 16,671,886.34 Obihiro

Areaofexpenditures 2018* 2017 2016 MeanPersonnel 4,360,377.76 5,024,464.93 4,919,437.81 4,768,093.50 Operatingcosts 2,903,534.18 3,260,144.35 3,043,923.65 3,069,200.73Maintenancecosts 144,675.36 273,736.50 165,641.25 194,684.37 Equipment 205,205.19 239,724.59 301,004.40 248,644.73 Totalexpenditures 7,613,792.49 8,798,070.37 8,430,007.11 8,280,623.33

Valuesareroundedtotheclosestwholenumber. Themeanofthetotalexpendituresiscalculatedasthesumofthemeanofthethreeyears. *Thedataof2018isroughestimate.ThefixeddatawillbeprovidedafterthesettlementdateofFY2018.Table2.1.2.Annualrevenuesduringthelast3academicyears(inEuros)(Appendix9) 1Euro=126.7YenSapporo Revenuessource 2018*3 2017 2016 MeanPublicauthorities*1 6,817,384.74 13,198,971.35 5,156,005.64 8,390,787.24 Clinicalservices 3,049,616.00 3,046,378.60 3,147,011.92 3,081,002.17 Diagnosticservices 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Otherservices 2,123,657.62 2,060,495.16 2,342,501.64 2,175,551.47 Researchgrants 3,877,541.65 3,348,618.78 3,459,823.40 3,561,994.61 ContinuingEducation*2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Donations 298,333.58 414,583.01 354,617.52 355,844.70Othersources(balancecarriedforwardfromthepreviousyear,etc) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Totalrevenues 16,166,533.59 22,069,046.90 14,459,960.12 17,565,180.19 Obihiro

Revenuessource 2018*3 2017 2016 MeanPublicauthorities 4,931,579.71 5,992,725.24 5,184,299.10 5,369,534.68 Tuitionfee(standardstudents) 1,163,295.75 1,164,272.83 1,112,286.49 1,146,618.36 Clinicalservices 744,599.00 643,133.54 553,548.65 647,093.73 Diagnosticservices 59,124.44 59,709.08 54,616.42 57,816.65 Otherservices 134,439.68 498,557.16 434,562.96 355,853.27 Researchgrants 1,214,870.64 1,417,081.97 1,197,942.60 1,276,631.74 ContinuingEducation*2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Donations 603,607.98 631,664.61 645,812.63 627,028.41 Othersources(balancecarriedforwardfromthepreviousyear,etc) 0.00 0.00 215,193.77 71,731.26

Totalrevenues 8,851,517.20 10,407,144.43 9,398,262.62 9,552,308.10 Valuesareroundedtotheclosestwholenumber. Themeanofthetotalexpendituresiscalculatedasthesumofthemeanofthethreeyears.*1:Thisrevenueincludesthepersonnelcosts,tuitionfeeandpartsoftheSubsidiesforNationalUniversities,allofwhichareallocated

fromHUHeadquarterstotheSVM/HU.*2:NochargesforthecontinuingeducationthatSVM/HUandOUoffer. *3:Thedataof2018isroughestimate.ThefixeddatawillbeprovidedafterthesettlementdateofFY2018.

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Table2.1.3.Annualbalancebetweenexpendituresandrevenues(inEuros)(Appendix9)

1Euro=126.7YenSapporo Academicyear Totalexpenditures Totalrevenues Balance2018* 16,001,776.68 16,166,533.58 164,756.90 2017 19,849,437.01 22,069,046.90 2,219,609.89 2016 14,164,445.30 14,459,960.12 295,514.82

Obihiro Academicyear Totalexpenditures Totalrevenues Balance2018* 7,613,792.49 8,851,517.19 1,237,724.702017 8,798,070.36 10,407,144.42 1,609,074.062016 8,430,007.10 9,398,262.62 968,255.52 *Thedataof2018isroughestimate.ThefixeddatawillbeprovidedafterthesettlementdateofFY2018.

2.2. Comments MEXTprovidedfinancialsupportbyallocatingthe“SubsidyforNationalUniversityReformPlan”fortheVNJtoimprovetheveterinaryeducationonboththelocalandinternationallevel(FY2012-2017).SVM/HU:10,158,934.49euros,OU:8,891,539euros,respectively.Thefundwasusedtoinstallthelatesteducationalfacilities(includingtheequipmentforclinicalservices,IT-relatedimprovements,suchasthedevelopmentofbi-directionalremotelecturesystemande-learningsystem),purchaseresearchequipmentanddeveloptheeducationalenvironment.

Thefundwasprovideduntilthefiscalyear2017.BothSVM/HUandOUacquiretheanotherpublicfundingtoaffecttheforsufficientrunningcostsofequipment,personnelcosts,transportationandaccommodationforstaffandstudents,thosearerequiredforsustainingtheprogramme. 2.3. Suggestions for improvement ThegradualdeclineintheMEXTsubsidiestothenationaluniversitiesisexpectedtocontinueinthefuture. Therefore,thefacultymustcontinuetoobtaininternalandexternalfundsformaintainingthequalityofeducationandresearch.

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Standard 3: Curriculum 3.1. Factual Information (Findings) 3.1.1.DescriptionoftheeducationalaimsandstrategyinordertoproposeacohesiveframeworkandtoachievethelearningoutcomeEducationalAimsTheVNJprogrammeaimstoprovideaworld-classveterinaryeducationbyjoiningthehighereducationfacultiesandfacilitiesofHUandOU.TheVNJprogrammecombinesthestrengthsandadvantagesofthetwoveterinaryschools.Theideaofthisuniquecooperativeeducationprogrammeisbasedonacomplementaryteachingframeworkthatrespondstowiderpublicinterests.Itisunderpinnedbythestrengthsanddistinctivenessoftheeducationalandresearchresourcesateachoftheuniversities. Ourmissionistobenefitsocietyandtheenvironmentbyprovidingveterinaryprofessionalswithasolidfoundationofknowledge,skillsandethics.Theywillcontributetothepromotionofthehealthandwelfareofbothanimalsandhumans.OurprimaryeducationalobjectivesaredescribedinStandard1. VNJ’sdiplomapolicyWetrainourstudentstobeveterinarianswithafirmsenseofmission,ethicalperspective,intelligence,creativityandhumanity:・Theywillacquireknowledgeandtechniquesforthe

preventionof,aswellasfordiagnosticsandtherapeuticsagainst,animaldiseases,andforpromotionofanimalandpublichealth.

・Theywillacquireknowledgeandtechniquesformaintainingastablefoodsuppliesandsafetyaswellaspreventinginternationaltransboundaryanimaldiseases.

・Theywillacquireknowledgeandtechniquesthatwillplacethemattheleadingedgeoflifesciencesandveterinarymedicineresearch.

GlobalEducationalStrategyThesix-yearcurriculumwasbuilttopreparestudentsforveterinaryroles,asdefinedinthecompetency-basedframework.OurcohesiveframeworkhelpstheVNJcurriculumachieveourlearningoutcomesandconsistsoffivepillars.1. VeterinaryMedicineModelCoreCurriculum

(VMMCC)(Appendix 10)TheVMMCCisacomprehensivesubject-specificlearningoutcomecatalogue(https://www.jaeve.org/cur/).Itcovers51theoreticalsubjectsand19practicalsubjects,whichcorrespondtotwo-thirdsoftheentireveterinarycurriculum.TheVNJcurriculumadherestotheVMMCC,asitguidestheminimumrequirementsofstandardeducationstudentsmustmeetbygraduation.ThelearningoutcomesstatementintheVMMCCrepresentsthecapabilitiesandcompetenciesexpectedofeverygraduateofveterinaryschoolsinJapan.Implementing

theVMMCCisonemethodofqualityassuranceinveterinaryeducation. OurcorecurriculumisdesignedinaccordancewithVMMCCandEU-listedsubjectstoachievetheESEVTDayOneCompetences(Table3.1.2,Appendix 11 and 12).2. VeterinaryCommonAchievementTest(VCAT)TheVCATisanationallydefinedveterinarycommonachievementtest,whichhasbeenimplementedbythenon-profitorganisationVeterinaryEducationSupportOrganisation(vetESO)since2017toqualifyveterinarystudents’preclinicalcompetencies.ThevetESOprovidesandoverseesafair,standardizedformatforassessingpre-clinicalcompetencies.Thetestisheldpriortotheclinicalyears(Year5),andemploysbothComputer-BasedTesting(vetCBT,atotalof300multiplechoicequestions)toassessknowledgeandObjectiveStructuredClinicalEvaluation(vetOSCE)toassessbasicclinicalskills.StudentswhopasstheVCATcanparticipateinclinicalrotations.TheVCATinformationisavailabletothepublic. vetESO:http://veteso.or.jp/exam/index.html3. ComplementaryClinicalRotationsAshortageoflargeanimalcasesatveterinaryschoolsinurbanareashasbecomeachallengeinJapaneseveterinaryeducation,andtheoppositesituationisobservedinveterinaryschoolslocatedinsmallpopulationareas.Asdescribedin“Introduction”and“Standard1”,weoperateauniquerotationsystem,whichtakesadvantageofeachuniversity'slocation,specialties,strengthsandcharacteristicsforourstudents. HU’sVTHreceivesmanycompanionanimalcases(thesecondlargestcaseloadinJapanesenationalveterinaryschools).Thecaseloadforfood-producinganimalsandequinesatOUVTHisthelargestamongVTHsofnationalveterinaryschoolsinJapan.OU’sVTHforsmallanimalsacceptsmanyprimarycasesinadditiontoreferralcases.Thiscomplementaryclinicalrotationrequiresthemovementofstudentsbetweenthetwocities. 4. TutorialResearchResearch-basedlearningengagesstudentsindiscovery-oriented,activelearningandproblem-solvingandhelpsthemtodeveloplogical,critical-thinkingandcommunicationskills.Throughthisadvancedcourse,studentsacquireskillsinbasicandadvancedresearchmethods/techniques,scientificwriting,presentationanddiscussion.Theirthesesandoralpresentationsarereviewedandevaluatedbytheacademicstaffmembers.Thebenefitsofthisexperiencearenotspecifictolaboratoryresearchandareexpectedtohelpthestudentstocultivatelifelonglearningskillsinallveterinarydisciplines. 5. Third-PartyQualityAssuranceEvaluation&

InternationallyStandardizedVeterinaryEducationToensurethequalityofoureducation,wewillapplyveterinary-specializedQAinadditiontoperiodicalexternalQAatinstitutionallevels.Toprovideahigh-qualityeducationforourstudents,wewillcontinueto

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improvethefacilities,educationalresourcesandqualityofteachingandlearningaswellastheprogramme.TheVNJprogrammehasbeenrefinedoverseveralyearstomeetnationalandinternationalstandardsincludingEUDirective2005/36/EC.Assessinglearningoutcomesiscriticaltoensuringourgraduates’competencies.InadditiontothesummativeandformativeassessmentofeachsubjectandtheVCAT,thenationalexaminationforveterinarylicence(JuishiKokkaShiken)offersafinalassessmentofveterinaryeducation.Theexaminationispaper-basedandconductedovertwodaysbyMAFF.Applicantswhocompleteundergraduateveterinaryeducationcantaketheexamination.Thosewhopassthisexaminationaregrantedanationallicenceforveterinariansandqualifyforfurtherprofessionaltraining. 3.1.2.Descriptionofthelegalconstraintsimposedoncurriculumbynational/regionallegislationsandthedegreeofautonomythattheEstablishmenthastochangethecurriculum Veterinaryeducationmustbecomprisedofsixyearsofstudy,asestablishedbytheBasicActonEducation.TheStandardsfortheEstablishmentofUniversities(SEU)statesthatatotalof182creditsistheminimumrequirementforgraduationinveterinaryeducationandthattheuniversityisautonomousindevelopingitscurriculumandcontent. InNovember2008,MEXTrevisedtheStandardsfortheEstablishmentofUniversities.Alegalframeworkcalledthe“CooperativeEducationProgram”wascreatedtoallowmultipleuniversitiestoprovideeachotherwitheducationalresourcesandtomakeitpossibletoutilizesuchresourceseffectively(MEXTOrdinanceNo.35,2008). Inadditiontosuchnationallegislation,approximately70%oftheeducationatveterinaryschoolsmustadheretotheVMMCC(see3.1.1).Theremaindercanbecomposedofsubjectsthatutilizethespecificstrengthsandsocialneedsofeachuniversity.ThecurrentVNJcurriculum(Curriculum2012)consistsof200credits(correspondingto360ECTS),whichcomplieswiththeVMMCC.HUoffers44creditsandOUoffers38creditsinthecooperativeeducationprogramme.Thelistofallcoresubjects(Appendix11)andtheVNJcurriculummapareshowninFigure3.1. 3.1.3.Descriptionofhowcurricularoverlaps,redundancies,omissionsandlackofconsistency,transversalityand/orintegrationofthecurriculumareidentifiedandcorrected. Becauseaveterinarycurriculumconsistsofagreatdealofcontentandishighlyintegratedacrossdisciplines,curricularproblemscanbedifficulttoaccuratelydetect. Curricularoverlaps,redundancy,omissionsandinconsistencieswerediscussedbytheVNJacademicstaffaspartoftheinitialcurriculumdevelopment.

Curriculummappingalsohelpstounderstandthevertical,horizontal,disciplinaryandinterdisciplinarycoherenceofthecurriculum(Figure3.1).Itisalsousefulforidentifyinghoweachlearningoutcomeisassessedatthedifferentstagesofthecurriculum. Academicstaffcanaccessthesyllabi(Appendix 13)andeducationalcontentofotherrelatedclassesontheVetPortalwebsite,aweb-basedclasssupportingsystem(seedetailinStandard6).Byusingthekeywordsearchfunction,academicstaffcanretrieveasetofsearchresultstoidentifypossibleoverlapsandomissionsintheirclasscontent.Theacademicstafffindssuchproblems,andthentheycoordinatetoresolvesuchissueswiththerelevantstaffandcounterparts. SeriousproblemsarereportedtotheAcademicAffairsCommitteeandtheProgrammeExecutiveBoardtodiscussaresolution.CurricularproblemsaresharedattheFacultyMeetingofeachuniversityandattheannualVNJJointFacultyAssembly.Studentfeedbackisanimportantsourceforidentifyingunnecessaryoverlapsorotherproblemsinthecurriculum.Thecommentsonstudentevaluationsarereleasedtoeachfacultymemberandareusedasoneofthetoolsforcurriculumimprovement.Thecourse/subjectcoordinatorhastheresponsibilitytominimizeoverlapsandconsistencyissues.Thecurriculum’scontent,designandsubjectallocationaretheresponsibilityoftheAcademicAffairsCommittee,whichmeetsmonthlytodiscussandreviewthecurriculum. 3.1.4.Descriptionofthecoreclinicalexercises/practicals/seminarspriortothestartoftheclinicalrotations Year1InsubjectsofIntroductoryeducationforveterinarymedicine,studentslearnhandlingandrestraint,animalbehaviourofmajordomesticanimalspecies(cattle,pig,sheep,horse,poultry),farmbiosecurity,milking,theslaughterprocessofpigs,andfoodprocessingofdairyandmeatproducts. Year2-5Theclinicaltrainingthattakesplacebeforetheclinicalrotation. ClinicalExaminationTraining:bloodtests(bloodcelltests,biochemicaltests,andendocrinetests),urine,faecal,biopsy,cardiacfunction,dermatologicalandneurologicaltestsDiagnosticImagingTraining:diagnosticimagingmethodsincludingX-rays,ultrasound,MRIandCT InternalMedicineTraining:diagnosticprocedures,historytaking,physicalexaminations,properuseofvariousclinicalexaminations,medicalrecords,informedconsent,drugadministrationmethodsandmajorclinicalsignsanddifferentialdiagnosesforrepresentativediseasesofcardiovascular,respiratory,gastrointestinal,urological,

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integumentary,endocrine,blood,skeletalandnervoussystems/organsSurgeryTraining:preparationforsurgery,ligatureandclosuretechniques,anaesthesia,skinincisiontechniques,intra-abdominalsurgerytechniques,orthopaedicexaminationtechniques,bandagingtechniquesandfracturerepairtechniques,andhooftrimmingforfarmanimals(cattle).TheriogenologyTraining:rectalpalpation,artificialinsemination,oestrusdetection,pregnancydiagnosis,genitaldiseasediagnostictechniquesforfarmanimals(cattle/horses),embryocollectionandtransfer,vaginalcytology,andgenitaldiseasediagnostictechniquesandreproductivemanagementincludinganalysisofreproductiverecords.CommunicationTraining:basictheoryofcommunicationskills,historytaking,clientcommunicationinsmallandlargeanimalpractices,communicationwithco-medicalsandcolleagues. 3.1.5.Descriptionofthecoreclinicalrotationsandemergencyservicesandthedirectinvolvementofundergraduatestudentsinit1. Timing,groupsizeperteacherofcoreclinicalrotation

(seeclinicalrotationtable(p23)andAppendix 14)

Smallanimals(6weeks,6credits) (Sixweeksintotal:FourweeksatHU’sVTHandtwoweeksattheVTHofeachlocation)InYearFive,eightgroupsofstudents(maximumoftenpergroup)joinaclinicalrotationthroughtwodepartments(InternalMedicineandSurgery)atHU’sVTHforfourweeks.Atotaloffourteenfacultiesfrombothdepartmentssupervisethem(roughlyonestudentperfacultymember).AnadditionaltwoweeksareallocatedinYearSix.Largeanimals(4weeks,4credits) (Fourweekstotal: threeweeksatOU’sVTHandmobileclinicsandoneweekateachlocation)StudentsinYear5(40studentsfromHUand40studentsfromOU)musttakeparticipatoryclinicaltrainingforfarmanimals(dairycattle,beefcattle,horses,sheepandpigs).Thesizeofthegroupsisvariabledependingontheregisterednumberofstudents.Ingeneral,oneortwoclinicalstaffmember(s)takecareofonegroupsoffivetosevenstudents.Sometimesgroupsaresubdividedinclinicalrotation.Theaveragegroupsizeisthreetofourperoneclinicalstaffmember.Theyrotatethroughinternalmedicine,surgeryandtheriogenologyforfarmanimals.Eachacademicstaffmembersupervisesonetothreestudentsandthestudentscompletethreeweeks(3credits).AnadditionalweekisallocatedinYear5or6.Nightduty/emergency(2credits)Companionanimals:1.5credits Thenight/emergencydutyisconductedatintramural(HUVTH)andextramuralprivateclinic(alocalprivate

clinic,SapporoNightAnimalHospitalEmergencyandCriticalCare).StudentsworkfortwonightsatHU’sVTH(twostudentsperacademicstaffmemberandoneveterinarytechnician)andonenightattheprivateclinic.Oneacademicstaffmembertakestwostudentstotheclinic. Largeanimals:0.5creditsInadditiontothedailyduties,studentsparticipateinnightandemergencyservices.Emergencyrotation(threedays)isintegratedinthe4weeksoflargeanimalclinicalrotation.Studentsarerequiredtodonightdutyforonenight.Studentsareinvolvedinmonitoringthestatusofhospitalisedanimalsaswellasinemergencycares.Facultymembersandveterinariansondutysupervisethem.Adegreeofhands-onexperienceasopposedtoobservationisvariable,dependingonthecase.Weprovideasimulationcaseconferenceincasethatstudentsarenotexposedtoasufficientnumberofemergencycases. 2. ActivitiesandresponsibilitiesDuringtheirclinicalrotation,studentsparticipateinalltheworkattheVTH,underthesupervisionofveterinaryfacultyandotherstaffmembers.Theactivitiesandresponsibilitiesofstudentsvarybetweendepartmentsandclinicalservicesandshouldbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththe“GuidelinesforStudentsActivitiesinParticipatoryClinicalRotation”.Clinicalproceduresarecategorizedintothreelevels,dependingoninvasiveness:level1,low-invasiveclinicalprocedures,aretobeperformedbyordinary-levelstudents;level2,moderatelyinvasiveclinicalprocedures,aretobeperformedonlybyselected,capablestudents;andlevel3,highlyinvasiveprocedures,shouldnotbeperformedbystudents.Studentsperformtheseactivitiesunderthefaculty’sdirectandcarefulsupervision.

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3.1.6.Descriptionoftheteachinginslaughterhousesandinpremisesfortheproduction,processing,distribution/saleorconsumptionoffoodofanimalorigin Intra-muralOUhasitsownslaughterhouseandfoodprocessingfacilitiesoncampus(seedetailin4.1.4,p27). Fortheveterinarycurriculum,weusethesefacilitiesforthefollowingsubjects:SeminarinAgricultureandFarmAnimalScience(Year1)andPracticeinMeatHygiene(Year5).Duringthefirstyear,studentslearnabouttheslaughteringandmeatprocessingofpigs(40studentsperfourorsixacademicstaffmembers+fivetosixsupportstaffmembersincludingTA). Duringtherotationintheninthsemester(Year5),groupsoffivetotenstudentsperacademicstaffmemberundertakeoneweekoftraininginmeatinspection,includingcattleslaughtering,ante-andpost-morteminspections,microbiologicaltests,toxicologicaltests,pathologicalanalysesandBSEtests.ThetrainingisheldattheslaughterhouseandfoodprocessingpracticefacilityatOU.Extra-muralExcursionstopublicslaughterhousesandmeatprocessingplants,milkprocessingplantsoflocalprivatecompaniesandrenderingfacilitiesareconductedinpublichealthandfoodhygienecoursesduringthethirdandfourthyears(approximately40studentsheadedbytwofacultymembers). Underthecontractwithoneofthebiggestfoodcompany,students(Year3)areallowedtovisitthecommercialmegafarmsofpigandpoultry,slaughterhouse,andfoodprocessingplantsin“PracticeinAnimalHygiene”course.Thegroupsizeis13-14studentswithtwoacademicstaffmembers.UtilizingtheinternshipprogramofHokkaidoprefecture,westartedEPTofmeathygieneinspectionatthetwoslaughterhousesofHokkaidoprefecturein2018.Year5or6studentswhopassedtheVCATvisitedtheslaughterhousesandexperiencedthemeatinspection(cattleandpig)fortwodaysundertheguidanceoftheveterinaryspecialistsattheslaughterhouses.Althoughthecapacityislimited,atotalof13studentswereacceptedforthisFSQEPT. 3.1.7.DescriptionoftheselectionproceduresoftheElectivesbythestudentsandthedegreeoffreedomintheirchoiceTheVNJprogrammedoesnothaveatracksystem.Instead,weprovidestudentsAdvancedSeminars(Appendix 15)aselectivesubjectsinsixveterinaryfieldsincludingBasicVeterinaryMedicine,AppliedVeterinaryMedicine,Pathobiology,PublicHealth/FoodHygiene,ClinicalVeterinarySciences,InternationalVeterinaryMedicine.Studentschooseatleastoneseminar.Theseseminarsgivethemadeeperbackgroundinspecializedfieldsandenablethemtohavemorechoicesfortheirfuturecareers.

Studentshaveafairamountoffreedominchoosingmostoftheelectivesubjects.Somesubjects/coursesinAdvancedSeminarshaveafixednumberofparticipantsduetothelimitationsofequipmentorthecapacitiesoftheroomandstaff.Iftoomanystudentsselectonespecificsubject/course,thenthesubject/coursecoordinatorwilladjustthenumberofstudentsorarrangetoallocatestudentstoothersubjects.Ingeneral,theselectionofstudentsisbasedontheiracademicrecordsandinterests. 3.1.8.Descriptionoftheorganisation,selectionproceduresandsupervisionoftheEPT
TheobligatoryEPTisa1credit(corresponding1week,45hourworkingload)self-directedandself-plannedinternship.Studentsarefreetochooseasupervisorandthelocationofexternalplacements.TheinformationoftheEPT/internshipisalsoprovidedbyanEPTlist,byanemail,VetPortal,oronabulletinboard.Therelevantsections(theAcademicAffairsSectionatSVM/HU,theStudentServicesSectionatOU)helpsstudentstofindanEPTplacement.Theacademicstaffalsoadvisestudents,basedontheirexpertise.OncestudentsselectasupervisorandlocationforEPT,theymustsubmitanEPTapplicationtotheacademicaffairsectionofeachuniversity.InadditiontotheobligatoryEPT,ourstudentsproactivelyjoinavarietyofinternshipprogrammestogainreal-lifeworkexperience. 3.1.9Descriptionoftheproceduresusedtoascertaintheachievementofeachcorepractical/clinicalactivitybyeachstudent ThecoresubjectsaredesignedtoobtainDayOneCompetences(Appendix11, 12). Differentproceduresareusedtoevaluatestudents’achievements,dependingonthenatureofthelearningoutcomesbeingassessed:1. Paper-basedassessmentsincludemultiplechoice

questions,shortanswertests,problem-solvingquestionsandessays/writtenreports.

2. Practicaltestsincludespottests,oralquestionsandperformance(skill)tests.Students’learningbehaviourisalsoconsidered.

3. Thereareoralpresentationsofindividualorgroupwork,groupdiscussions,andcasepresentations.

Duringtheclinicalrotation,therearemultipleproceduresforevaluatingeachstudent’sachievement:1. Logbooks(Appendix 16a) 2. Students’learningbehaviour3. Answerstooralquestions4. CaseLog(Appendix16b) 5. Rounddiscussion(twiceaweek) 6. Caseconference(onceaweek)7. Self-evaluationRecordofclinicalcompetences(which

willbeintroducedforYear5studentsin2019)(Appendix16c).

3.1.10.Descriptionofhowandbywhothecorecurriculumisdecided,communicatedtostaff,studentsandstakeholders,implemented,assessedandrevised

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Minorrevision(subjectlevel)Minorrevisionateachsubjectlevelisroutinelyimplementedbysubjectteachersduringacademicyear.SubjectCoordinatorisresponsibleforupdatingstudentsbyVetPortal,onlinesyllabus,orbyemail.Majorrevision(curriculumlevel)ThepresentVNJcurriculum(Curriculum2012)wasfirstdiscussedbetweentheacademicstaffmembersinthesamedisciplinesatbothuniversities.Detailspertainingtotheprogramme,suchastheeducationalcontent,settingsubjects,subjectallocation,ratiooflecturestoHands-ontrainingandtimetablesforeachyeargroup,werediscussedandfinalizedbythelocalandjointAcademicAffairsCom