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Charts: Self-employed as an indicator of precarious
employment
Self-employed (with no employees)
Self-employed (with no employees)
• The hypothesis is that when the going gets tough, workers are forced
to “hang out their own shingle” and thus become self-employed in an
attempt to create a livelihood.
Bahar, Sumaya and Huju Liu. (2015) Unincorporated Self-employment in Canada, 1989 to 2010
(Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 11-622, No. 03) (http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-622-m/11-622-
m2015031-eng.pdf).
High rate of entry into unincorporated self-employment from 1993 to 1997 (Chart 4) due to a high rate of
unemployment from 1991 to 1996 (Table 1).
LaRochelle-Côté, Sébastien. (2010) Self-employment in the downturn.” Perspectives on Labour and
Income (Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 75-001, March). (http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/75-001-
x/2010103/pdf/11138-eng.pdf).
From October, 2008 to October, 2009, the number of paid employees declined by 361 thousand and the
number of self-employed workers increased by 115 thousand. The increase in self-employed incorporated
without paid help was 128 thousand. The increase in the age groups of 45 years of age and over was 156
thousand. The increase in the number “part-time for economic reasons and wanted full-time” was 23
thousand. Large increases were noted in the industry sectors of finance and real estate, “wholesale trade,
“other” services and industry sector of professional, scientific and technical firms.
Charts: Self-employed as an indicator of precarious
employment
Number self-employed is increasing
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,0001
97
61
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71
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21
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31
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41
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00
02
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22
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32
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42
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62
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72
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82
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92
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01
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01
42
01
52
01
6
Employees
Self-employed
Number employed (000)
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
1.1 million self-employed workers in Ontario, December, 2016
Charts: Self-employed as an indicator of precarious
employment
• Number self-employed is increasing
• Percent self-employed was highest in late 1990s, then declined
somewhat to mid-2000s, increased somewhat during 2008-2009
recession and has not increased since then
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
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20
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20
11
20
12
20
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20
14
20
15
20
16
Number self-employed as percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
15.2% of workers were self-employed,Ontario, December, 2016
Charts: Self-employed as an indicator of precarious
employment
• Number self-employed is increasing
• Percent self-employed was highest in late 1990s, then declined
somewhat to mid-2000s, increased somewhat during 2008-2009
recession and has not increased since then
• Increasing numbers in 3 types of self-employed – but declining
numbers in self-employed, unincorporated, with paid help
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,2001
97
61
97
71
97
81
97
91
98
01
98
11
98
21
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31
98
41
98
51
98
61
98
71
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81
98
91
99
01
99
11
99
21
99
31
99
41
99
51
99
61
99
71
99
81
99
92
00
02
00
12
00
22
00
32
00
42
00
52
00
62
00
72
00
82
00
92
01
02
01
12
01
22
01
32
01
42
01
52
01
6
Self-employed
Self-employedunincorporated,no paid help
Self-employedincorporated,with paid help
Self-employedincorporated,no paid help
Self-employedunincorporated,with paid help
Number employed (000)
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
1.1 million self-employed workers in Ontario, December, 2016
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
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83
19
84
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85
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86
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87
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88
19
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19
91
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20
00
20
01
20
02
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04
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06
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08
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09
20
10
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11
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20
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20
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20
15
20
16
Self-employedunincorporated,no paid help
Self-employedincorporated,with paid help
Self-employedincorporated,no paid help
Self-employedunincorporated,with paid help
Number employed (000)
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Increase in number self-employed, except unincorporated with paid help, Ontario
Charts: Self-employed as an indicator of precarious
employment
• Number self-employed is increasing
• Percent self-employed was highest in late 1990s, then declined
somewhat to mid-2000s, increased somewhat during 2008-2009
recession and has not increased since then
• Increasing numbers in 3 types of self-employed – but declining
numbers in self-employed, unincorporated, with paid help
• Recent increase in percent employed only among self-employed,
incorporated, no paid help
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
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19
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19
91
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10
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20
15
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16
Self-employed
Self-employedunincorporated,no paid help
Self-employedincorporated,with paid help
Self-employedincorporated,no paid help
Self-employedunincorporated,with paid help
Number self-employed as percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
15.1% of workers were self-employed,Ontario, December, 2016
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
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81
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83
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84
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19
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19
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19
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20
00
20
01
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03
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04
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05
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06
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07
20
08
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09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Self-employedunincorporated,no paid help
Self-employedincorporated,with paid help
Self-employedincorporated,no paid help
Self-employedunincorporated,with paid help
Number self-employed as percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Only self-employed, incorporated, no paid help show a recent increase in share of total workforce, Ontario
Charts: Self-employed as an indicator of precarious
employment
• Number self-employed is increasing
• Percent self-employed was highest in late 1990s, then declined
somewhat to mid-2000s, increased somewhat during 2008-2009
recession and has not increased since then
• Increasing numbers in 3 types of self-employed – but declining
numbers in self-employed, unincorporated, with paid help
• Recent increase in percent employed only among self-employed,
incorporated, no paid help
• Now, a focus on self-employed with no paid help
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
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19
89
19
90
19
91
19
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19
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19
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19
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20
00
20
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02
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05
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06
20
07
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08
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09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Self-employedunincorporated,no paid help
Self-employedincorporated,no paid help
Number employed (000)
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
In Ontario, there is an increase in self-employed workers with no paid help (both unincorporated and incorporated)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
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19
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19
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19
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00
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15
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16
Self-employedunincorporated,no paid help
Self-employedincorporated,no paid help
Number self-employed as percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
As a percent of the total work force, only theincorporated self-employed with no paid help is increasing, Ontario
Charts: Self-employed as an indicator of precarious
employment
• Number self-employed is increasing
• Percent self-employed was highest in late 1990s, then declined
somewhat to mid-2000s, increased somewhat during 2008-2009
recession and has not increased since then
• Increasing numbers in 3 types of self-employed – but declining
numbers in self-employed, unincorporated, with paid help
• Recent increase in percent employed only among self-employed,
incorporated, no paid help
• Now, a focus on self-employed with no paid help
• Now, a focus on percent self-employed, no paid help, incorporated
• Green line is the percent across all industry groups
• In each chart, the blue line shows the percent for one industry
Charts: Self-employed as an indicator of precarious employment• Number self-employed is increasing
• Percent self-employed was highest in late 1990s, then declined somewhat to mid-2000s, increased somewhat during 2008-2009 recession
and has not increased since then
• Increasing numbers in 3 types of self-employed – but declining numbers in self-employed, unincorporated, with paid help
• Recent increase in percent employed only among self-employed, incorporated, no paid help
• Now, a focus on self-employed with no paid help
• Now, a focus on percent self-employed, no paid help, incorporated• Green line is the percent across all industry groups
• In each chart, the blue line shows the percent for one industry
Percent self-employed (relative
to percent across all sectors)
Trend in percent self-employed (compared to trend
across all sectors)
Goods-producing sectors (subtotal) Same Same
Agriculture Higher Not increasing (since 2010)
Forestry, fishing, mining, oil & gas . . . .
Utilities . . . .
Construction Higher Not increasing (since 2010)
Manufacturing Lower Not increasing (since 2010)
Services-producing sectors (subtotal) Same Same
Trade (wholesale & retail) Same Increasing (except decline during 2008-2009 recession)
Transportation & warehousing Higher Increasing
Finance, insurance, real estate & leasing Same Same
Professional, scientific & technical serv. Higher Increasing (except decline during 2008-2009 recession)
Business, building & other support serv. Same Same
Educational services . . . .
Health care & social assistance Lowere Increasing since 2010
Information, culture & recreation Same Same
Accommodation & food services Lower Not inreasing
Other services Higher Same (except decline during 2008-2009 recession)
Public administration . . . .
Level and trend in percent self-employed, INCORPORATED, with no paid workers, in a given sector compared to the
average across all sectors, Ontario
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
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19
95
19
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00
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01
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20
15
20
16
Goods-producingsector
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
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19
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20
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20
10
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20
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20
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20
14
20
15
20
16
Agriculture
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
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19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
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04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
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20
10
20
11
20
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20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Forestry,fishing, mining,quarrying, oiland gas
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
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19
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19
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20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Utilities
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
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19
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19
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20
00
20
01
20
02
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03
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04
20
05
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06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
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20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Construction
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Manufacturing
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Services-producingsector
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Wholesale andretail trade
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Transportationandwarehousing
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Finance,insurance, realestate, rentaland leasing
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Professional,scientific andtechnicalservices
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Business,building andother supportservices
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Educationalservices
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Health careand socialassistance
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Information,culture andrecreation
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Accommodationand foodservices
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Other services(except publicadministration)
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Publicadministration
All industries
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, incorporated, no paid help, Ontario
Charts: Self-employed as an indicator of precarious employment• Number self-employed is increasing
• Percent self-employed was highest in late 1990s, then declined somewhat to mid-2000s, increased somewhat during 2008-2009 recession
and has not increased since then
• Increasing numbers in 3 types of self-employed – but declining numbers in self-employed, unincorporated, with paid help
• Recent increase in percent employed only among self-employed, incorporated, no paid help
• Now, a focus on self-employed with no paid help
• Now, a focus on percent self-employed, no paid help, incorporated
• Now, a focus on percent self-employed, no paid help, unincorporated• The black line is the percent across all industry groups
• The orange line is the percent for the given industry group
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Goods-producingsector
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Agriculture
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Forestry,fishing, mining,quarrying, oiland gas
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Utilities
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Construction
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Manufacturing
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Services-producingsector
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Wholesale andretail trade
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Transportationandwarehousing
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Finance,insurance, realestate, rentaland leasing
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Professional,scientific andtechnicalservices
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Business,building andother supportservices
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Educationalservices
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Health careand socialassistance
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Information,culture andrecreation
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Accommodationand foodservices
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Other services(except publicadministration)
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Publicadministration
All industries
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Percent of workforce that is self-employed, unincorporated, no paid help, Ontario
y = 0.00x4 - 0.00x3 + 0.00x2 - 0.03x + 5.88R² = 0.94
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
197
6
197
7
197
8
197
9
198
0
198
1
198
2
198
3
198
4
198
5
198
6
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
11% of workers were self-employed with no paid help,Ontario, June, 2016
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
197
6
197
7
197
8
197
9
198
0
198
1
198
2
198
3
1984
198
5
198
6
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
200
4
2005
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
12.5% of employed males and 8.5% of employed females wereself-employed with no paid help, Ontario, June, 2016
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Males
Females
Number self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Self-employed, incorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed, Ontario
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Males
Females
Number self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Self-employed, unincorporated, no paid helpas percent of total employed, Ontario
Self-employed (with no employees)
• The hypothesis is that when the going gets tough, workers are
forced to “hang out their own shingle” and thus become self-
employed in an attempt to create a livelihood
• Data on self-employed by sector starts in 1987
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
2004
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
12.5% of employed males and 8.5% of employed females wereself-employed with no paid help, Ontario, June, 2016
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
12.5% of employed males and 8.5% of employed females wereself-employed with no paid help, Ontario, June, 2016
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employed with no paid helpas percent of total employed: AGRICULTURE
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Constant share of self-employed in AGRICULTURE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
1998
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed:FORESTRY, FISHING, MINING, OIL AND GAS
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Constant share of self-employed in FORESTRY, FISHING, MINING, OIL AND GAS, Ontario
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
2004
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed:UTILITIES
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Constant share of self-employed in UTILITIES, Ontario
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
2004
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed:CONSTRUCTION
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Constant share of self-employed in CONSTRUCTIONsince the mid-1990s, Ontario
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
2004
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed:MANUFACTURING
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Constant share of self-employed in MANUFACTURING, Ontario
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
2004
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed:WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Constant share of self-employed in WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE, Ontario
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
2004
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed:TRANSPORTATION
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Slight increase in share of self-employed in TRANSPORTATION in 2010s, Ontario
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
2004
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed:FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Slight increase in share self-employed in FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE, Ontario
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
2004
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed:PROFESSIONAL & SCIENTIFIC SERVICES
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Constant share of self-employed in PROFESSIONAL & SCIENTIFIC SERVICES since mid-1990s, Ontario
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
2004
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed:BUSINESS & BUILDING SERVICESDF
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Slight increase among females who are self-employed in BUSINESS & BUILDING SERVICES, Ontario
Building services includes:
55 Management of Companies and Enterprises; and
56 Administrative and Support, Waste Management and Remediation Services;
which, in turn, includes
5612 Facilities Support Services
5613 Employment Services
5614 Business Support Services
5615 Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services
5616 Investigation and Security Services
5617 Services to Buildings and Dwellings
5619 Other Support Services
562 1Waste Collection
5622 Waste Treatment and Disposal
5629 Remediation and Other Waste Management Services
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
2004
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed:EDUCATION SERVICES
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Constant share of self-employed in EDUCATION SERVICES, Ontario
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
2004
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed:HEALTH SERVICES
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Constant share of self-employed in HEALTH SERVICES, Ontario
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed:INFORMATION, CULTURE & RECREATION SERVICES
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Slight increasing share of self-employed in INFORMATION, CULTURE & RECREATION SERVICES, Ontario
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed:ACCOMODATION & FOOD SERVICES
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Constant share of self-employed inACCOMMODATION & FOOD SERVICES, Ontario
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
198
7
198
8
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
Males
Females
Number self-employedwith no paid helpas percent of total employed:OTHER (PERSONAL) SERVICES
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey CANSIM Table 282-0011.
Constant share of self-employed inOTHER (PERSONAL) SERVICES, Ontario
Ray’s notes on precarious employment
1. Introduction
2. Level and trend in selected indicators
a. Self-employed (with no employees)
• General finding
• Overall, the share of workers who are self-employed is
lower now than in 1996
• There is some increase in share in a few sectors since
the recent recession
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