Selection of Tool Steels - Houston Area Blacksmiths ... · Selection of Tool Steels Fitness for Purpose by Tom Farraro ... Tool Steel ClassificationsTool Steel Classifications

June 19, 2004 HABA 1

Selection of Tool SteelsSelection of Tool SteelsFitness for PurposeFitness for Purpose

bybyTom Tom FarraroFarraro

for for Houston Area Blacksmiths Association Houston Area Blacksmiths Association

Meeting June 19, 2004Meeting June 19, 2004


Desirable Properties of Tool Steels

Desirable Properties of Desirable Properties of Tool SteelsTool Steels

• Hardness - Resistance to Deforming & Flattening

• Toughness - Resistance to Breakage & Chipping

• Wear - Resistance to Abrasion & Erosion

• Corrosion - Resistance to Rusting and Pitting

• Hardness - Resistance to Deforming & Flattening

• Toughness - Resistance to Breakage & Chipping

• Wear - Resistance to Abrasion & Erosion

• Corrosion - Resistance to Rusting and Pitting


Tool Steel ClassificationsTool Steel ClassificationsTool Steel Classifications

• Water Hardening Tool Steels (W)• Shock Resisting Tool Steels (S)• Cold Work Tool Steels (O, A, D)• Hot Work Tool Steels (H)• High Speed Tool Steels (T, M)• Low Alloy Tools Steels (L)• Mold Tool Steels (P)• Stainless Steel Tool Steels (3xx, 4xx)

• Water Hardening Tool Steels (W)• Shock Resisting Tool Steels (S)• Cold Work Tool Steels (O, A, D)• Hot Work Tool Steels (H)• High Speed Tool Steels (T, M)• Low Alloy Tools Steels (L)• Mold Tool Steels (P)• Stainless Steel Tool Steels (3xx, 4xx)


Alloying Elements in Tools SteelsAlloying Elements in Tools SteelsAlloying Elements in Tools Steels

• Carbon C +Strength, +Hardenability, -Toughness

• Chromium Cr +Strength, +Hardenability, +Corrosion Resistance» - Toughness

• Molybdenum Mo +Strength, +Hardenability, +Toughness, +Hot Hardness

• Vanadium V +Hardenability, +Toughness, +Hot Hardness, +Wear

• Tungsten W +Strength, +Hardenability, +Hot Hardness, -Toughness

• Cobalt Co +Hot Hardness, +Wear, -Toughness

• Manganese Mn +Strength, +Hardenability, +Toughness

• Nickel Ni +Hardenability, +Toughness, +Corrosion Resistance

• Carbon C +Strength, +Hardenability, -Toughness

• Chromium Cr +Strength, +Hardenability, +Corrosion Resistance» - Toughness

• Molybdenum Mo +Strength, +Hardenability, +Toughness, +Hot Hardness

• Vanadium V +Hardenability, +Toughness, +Hot Hardness, +Wear

• Tungsten W +Strength, +Hardenability, +Hot Hardness, -Toughness

• Cobalt Co +Hot Hardness, +Wear, -Toughness

• Manganese Mn +Strength, +Hardenability, +Toughness

• Nickel Ni +Hardenability, +Toughness, +Corrosion Resistance


Hardness, Hardenability, ToughnessHardness, Hardenability, ToughnessHardness, Hardenability, Toughness

• Hardness - ability of a steel to resist deformation under load. The hardness is directly proportional to the amount of martensite present in the steel microstructure.

• Hardenability - ability of a steel harden (i.e. form martensite to the desired depth) during heat treatment.

• Toughness - is the relative resistance of a material to breakage, chipping, or cracking under impact or stress. Toughness may be thought of as the opposite of brittleness.

• Hardness - ability of a steel to resist deformation under load. The hardness is directly proportional to the amount of martensite present in the steel microstructure.

• Hardenability - ability of a steel harden (i.e. form martensite to the desired depth) during heat treatment.

• Toughness - is the relative resistance of a material to breakage, chipping, or cracking under impact or stress. Toughness may be thought of as the opposite of brittleness.


Hardness vs. %Carbon in SteelHardness vs. %Carbon in SteelHardness vs. %Carbon in Steel


ToughnessToughnessToughness

Toughness - is the relative resistance of a material to breakage, chipping, or cracking under impact or stress. Toughness may be thought of as the opposite of brittleness. Factors which affect Toughness are:

Tempering –tempered martensite is tougher than untempered martensite.

Grain Size and Orientation – Coarse (large) grains give poor toughness, fine small grains give good toughness.

Carbide Dispersion – coarse, segregated, poorly dispersed carbides, lead to low toughness. Fine evenly dispersed carbides give improved toughness.

Toughness - is the relative resistance of a material to breakage, chipping, or cracking under impact or stress. Toughness may be thought of as the opposite of brittleness. Factors which affect Toughness are:

Tempering –tempered martensite is tougher than untempered martensite.

Grain Size and Orientation – Coarse (large) grains give poor toughness, fine small grains give good toughness.

Carbide Dispersion – coarse, segregated, poorly dispersed carbides, lead to low toughness. Fine evenly dispersed carbides give improved toughness.


Toughness is Directly Proportional to Grain Size

Grain size is Determined by the Austenization Temperature

ToughnessToughness is Directly Proportional to Grain Sizeis Directly Proportional to Grain Size

Grain size is Determined by the Grain size is Determined by the AustenizationAustenization TemperatureTemperature

AISI 1025 Steel

500X Austenitized at 2000F

AISI 1025 Steel

500X Austenitized at 1700F


Grain SizeGrain Size

ASTM Grain Size NumbersASTM Grain Size Numbers

June 19, 2004 HABA 10

Choosing Steels for ToughnessChoosing Steels for Toughness

Choosing Steels for HardnessChoosing Steels for Hardness

June 19, 2004 HABA 11

Wear ResistanceWear ResistanceWear Resistance

• Intuitively expect that a harder tool will resist wear better than a softer tool.

• However, different grades, used at the same hardness, provide varying wear resistance.For instance, O1, A2, D2, and M2 would be expected to show increasingly longer wear performance, even if all were used at 60 HRC.

• In fact, lower hardness, high alloy grades may outwear higher hardness, lower alloy grades.

• Intuitively expect that a harder tool will resist wear better than a softer tool.

• However, different grades, used at the same hardness, provide varying wear resistance.For instance, O1, A2, D2, and M2 would be expected to show increasingly longer wear performance, even if all were used at 60 HRC.

• In fact, lower hardness, high alloy grades may outwear higher hardness, lower alloy grades.

June 19, 2004 HABA 12

Carbides Effect Wear ResistanceCarbides Effect Wear ResistanceCarbides Effect Wear Resistance

Alloy elements (Cr, Mo, V, W) form hard carbide particles in tool steel microstructures. Wear Resistance is influenced by:

• Type carbides (harder is better)• Amount of carbide present (more is better)• Dispersion of carbides (finer is better)

In the microstructure of the steel

Alloy elements (Cr, Mo, V, W) form hard carbide particles in tool steel microstructures. Wear Resistance is influenced by:

• Type carbides (harder is better)• Amount of carbide present (more is better)• Dispersion of carbides (finer is better)

In the microstructure of the steel

June 19, 2004 HABA 13

Hardness of CarbidesHardness of CarbidesHardness of Carbides

• HARDENED STEEL • 60/65 HRC

• CHROMIUM CARBIDES • 66/68 HRC

• MOLYBDENUM CARBIDES • 72/77 HRC

• TUNGSTEN CARBIDES • 72/77 HRC

• VANADIUM CARBIDES • 82/84 HRC

• HARDENED STEEL • 60/65 HRC

• CHROMIUM CARBIDES • 66/68 HRC

• MOLYBDENUM CARBIDES • 72/77 HRC

• TUNGSTEN CARBIDES • 72/77 HRC

• VANADIUM CARBIDES • 82/84 HRC

June 19, 2004 HABA 14

Effect of Carbide Content on Effect of Carbide Content on Wear ResistanceWear Resistance

HRC 58HRC 58--62 except as noted62 except as noted

June 19, 2004 HABA 15

Conventional vs. Powder (CPM) Steel Making Methods

Conventional vs. Powder (CPM) Conventional vs. Powder (CPM) Steel Making MethodsSteel Making Methods

CONVENTIONAL CPM

Carbide Dispersion Comparison

June 19, 2004 HABA 16

ToughnessToughnessCPM vs. ConventionalCPM vs. Conventional

June 19, 2004 HABA 17

Corrosion ResistanceCorrosion ResistanceCorrosion Resistance

Cr (not Cr carbide) is the primary element which influences corrosion resistance of a steel.

0-4% Cr - No significant effect on resistance to rusting.

4-11% Cr - Moderate improvement in resistance to rusting will still stain.

11-23% Cr - Stainless Steel - resistant to rusting and staining

Cr (not Cr carbide) is the primary element which influences corrosion resistance of a steel.

0-4% Cr - No significant effect on resistance to rusting.

4-11% Cr - Moderate improvement in resistance to rusting will still stain.

11-23% Cr - Stainless Steel - resistant to rusting and staining

June 19, 2004 HABA 18

Cold Work Tool Steels Composition and Properties

Cold Work Tool Steels Cold Work Tool Steels Composition and PropertiesComposition and Properties

AISI GRADE NAME C Cr Mo V W OTHER WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS

L6 CHAMPALOY 0.75 0.80 0.30 1.50 Ni O1 KETOS 0.90 0.50 0.50 O6 HALGRAPH 1.50 0.25 S5 LABELLE SIL #2 0.60 0.25 0.30 0.20 1.90 Si A9 CRUCIBLE A9 0.50 5.20 1.40 1.00 1.40 Ni S7 CRUCIBLE S7 0.55 3.25 1.40 0.25 S7 PREM CRUCIBLE S7 XL 0.55 3.25 1.40 0.25 0.005 S max

A6 CSM 6 0.70 1.00 1.35 2.00 Mn A2 (S) AIRKOOL (S) 1.00 5.25 1.10 0.25 — CPM 1V 0.55 4.50 2.75 1.00 2.15 D2 (S) AIRDI 150 (S) 1.55 11.50 0.80 0.90 — CRU-WEAR 1.10 7.50 1.60 2.40 1.15 — CPM 3V 0.80 7.50 1.30 2.75 M2 REX M2 (S) 0.85 4.15 5.00 2.00 6.40 M4 CPM M4HC(HS) 1.40 4.00 5.25 4.00 5.50 — CPM 9V 1.80 5.25 1.30 9.00 T15 CPM T15 1.60 4.00 – 4.90 12.00 5.00 Co A11 CPM 10V 2.45 5.25 1.30 9.75 – CPM 15V 3.40 5.25 1.30 14.50 4140 MOD

MAXEL TOOLING ALLOY 0.42 1.00 0.20

52100 52100 1.00 1.50 – –

AISI GRADE NAME C Cr Mo V W OTHER WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS

L6 CHAMPALOY 0.75 0.80 0.30 1.50 Ni O1 KETOS 0.90 0.50 0.50 O6 HALGRAPH 1.50 0.25 S5 LABELLE SIL #2 0.60 0.25 0.30 0.20 1.90 Si A9 CRUCIBLE A9 0.50 5.20 1.40 1.00 1.40 Ni S7 CRUCIBLE S7 0.55 3.25 1.40 0.25 S7 PREM CRUCIBLE S7 XL 0.55 3.25 1.40 0.25 0.005 S max

A6 CSM 6 0.70 1.00 1.35 2.00 Mn A2 (S) AIRKOOL (S) 1.00 5.25 1.10 0.25 — CPM 1V 0.55 4.50 2.75 1.00 2.15 D2 (S) AIRDI 150 (S) 1.55 11.50 0.80 0.90 — CRU-WEAR 1.10 7.50 1.60 2.40 1.15 — CPM 3V 0.80 7.50 1.30 2.75 M2 REX M2 (S) 0.85 4.15 5.00 2.00 6.40 M4 CPM M4HC(HS) 1.40 4.00 5.25 4.00 5.50 — CPM 9V 1.80 5.25 1.30 9.00 T15 CPM T15 1.60 4.00 – 4.90 12.00 5.00 Co A11 CPM 10V 2.45 5.25 1.30 9.75 – CPM 15V 3.40 5.25 1.30 14.50 4140 MOD

MAXEL TOOLING ALLOY 0.42 1.00 0.20

52100 52100 1.00 1.50 – –

June 19, 2004 HABA 19

Hot Work Tool Steels Composition and Properties

Hot Work Tool Steels Hot Work Tool Steels Composition and PropertiesComposition and Properties

AISI GRADE NAME C Cr Mo V

W OTHER WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS HOT*

HARDNESS

HEAT CHECK RESISTANCE

4150 MOD. HOLDER BLOCK 0.50 0.65 0.18 – – P20 CSM 2 0.30 1.70 0.40 – – — KAPSTAR 0.12 0.50 0.25 0.10 – Ni 4.00, Al 1.00 H10 MOD. WR95 0.35 3.50 2.50 0.60 – Co 2.00 H11 HALCOMB 218 0.40 5.00 1.30 0.50 – H12 CHRO-MOW 0.35 5.00 1.30 0.35 1.20 H13 NU-DIE V 0.40 5.20 1.30 0.95 – H13 PQ NU-DIE XL 0.40 5.20 1.30 0.95 – S 0.003 MAX. H13 PQ PDCQ 0.40 5.20 1.30 0.95 – S 0.003 MAX. H13 MOD. CPM NU-DIE EZ 0.36 5.50 1.60 0.85 – S 0.17 H13 MOD. CRU 161 0.50 5.00 1.60 1.10 – H19 HALCOMB 425 0.40 4.25 0.40 2.10 4.20 Co 4.20 H21 PEERLESS A 0.30 3.30 — 0.25 9.00 — CPM 1V 0.55 4.50 2.75 1.00 2.15 — CPM 9V 1.80 5.25 1.30 9.00 –

June 19, 2004 HABA 20

AISI GRADE NAME C Cr Mo V W Co S WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RED

HARDNESS M1 REX TMO 0.83 3.75 8.50 1.15 1.70 - - M2 REX M2 (S) 0.85 4.15 5.00 1.95 6.40 - 0.03 (0.10) M2 REX M2 HCHS 1.00 4.15 5.00 1.95 6.40 - 0.10 M3 REX M3-1 1.02 4.00 5.00 2.40 5.75 - - M4 REX M4 1.30 4.00 4.50 4.00 5.50 - - M4 CPM M4 HC(HS) 1.40 4.00 5.25 4.00 5.50 - 0.06(0.22) M7 REX M7N 1.00 3.75 8.75 2.00 1.75 - - M35 CPM REX M35 HCHS 0.98 4.05 5.00 2.00 6.00 5.00 0.22 M42 REX M42 1.08 3.75 9.50 1.15 1.60 8.00 - T4 REX AAA 0.75 4.00 0.75 1.15 18.00 5.00 - T8 REX 95 0.80 4.00 0.75 2.00 14.00 5.25 - T15 CPM T15 (HS) 1.60 4.00 - 4.90 12.00 5.00 0.06(0.22) M62 CPM REX 20 (S) 1.30 3.75 10.50 2.00 6.25 - 0.06(0.22) M3+Co CPM REX 45(HS) 1.30 4.05 5.00 3.05 6.25 8.00 0.06(0.22) M4+Co CPM REX 54 (HS) 1.48 4.00 5.00 3.75 5.50 5.00 0.06(0.22) M48 CPM REX 76(HS) 1.50 3.75 5.25 3.10 9.75 8.50 0.06(0.22) — CPM REX 121 (HS) 3.40 4.00 5.00 9.50 10.00 9.00 0.03(0.12)

AISI GRADE NAME C Cr Mo V W Co S WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RED

HARDNESS M1 REX TMO 0.83 3.75 8.50 1.15 1.70 - - M2 REX M2 (S) 0.85 4.15 5.00 1.95 6.40 - 0.03 (0.10) M2 REX M2 HCHS 1.00 4.15 5.00 1.95 6.40 - 0.10 M3 REX M3-1 1.02 4.00 5.00 2.40 5.75 - - M4 REX M4 1.30 4.00 4.50 4.00 5.50 - - M4 CPM M4 HC(HS) 1.40 4.00 5.25 4.00 5.50 - 0.06(0.22) M7 REX M7N 1.00 3.75 8.75 2.00 1.75 - - M35 CPM REX M35 HCHS 0.98 4.05 5.00 2.00 6.00 5.00 0.22 M42 REX M42 1.08 3.75 9.50 1.15 1.60 8.00 - T4 REX AAA 0.75 4.00 0.75 1.15 18.00 5.00 - T8 REX 95 0.80 4.00 0.75 2.00 14.00 5.25 - T15 CPM T15 (HS) 1.60 4.00 - 4.90 12.00 5.00 0.06(0.22) M62 CPM REX 20 (S) 1.30 3.75 10.50 2.00 6.25 - 0.06(0.22) M3+Co CPM REX 45(HS) 1.30 4.05 5.00 3.05 6.25 8.00 0.06(0.22) M4+Co CPM REX 54 (HS) 1.48 4.00 5.00 3.75 5.50 5.00 0.06(0.22) M48 CPM REX 76(HS) 1.50 3.75 5.25 3.10 9.75 8.50 0.06(0.22) — CPM REX 121 (HS) 3.40 4.00 5.00 9.50 10.00 9.00 0.03(0.12)

High Speed Tool Steel High Speed Tool Steel

Compositions and PropertiesCompositions and Properties

June 19, 2004 HABA 21

Stainless Steel Tool Steels Composition and PropertiesStainless Steel Tool Steels Stainless Steel Tool Steels Composition and PropertiesComposition and Properties

AISI GRADE NAME C Cr Mo V OTHER WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS CORROSION

RESISTANCE 416 416 R 0.12 12.50 0.40 – 0.13 S 17Cr-4Ni MOD CRUCIBLE 174 SXR 0.02 15.00 0.20 – 3.5 Cu, 4.75 Ni 414 MOD MAXEL 2000 0.03 12.50 0.30 – 2.75 Ni, 0.12 S 17Cr-4Ni MOD CSM 21 0.02 15.00 0.20 – 3.50 Cu, 4.75 Ni 420 PREM CSM 420 XL 0.38 13.60 – 0.30 440C CRUCIBLE 440C 1.00 17.50 0.50 – 440C MOD 154 CM (ATS34) 1.05 14.00 4.00 – 440C MOD +V CPM S60V (440V) 2.15 17.00 0.40 5.50 420 MOD +V CPM S90V (420V) 2.35 14.00 1.00 9.00

AISI GRADE NAME C Cr Mo V OTHER WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS CORROSION

RESISTANCE 416 416 R 0.12 12.50 0.40 – 0.13 S 17Cr-4Ni MOD CRUCIBLE 174 SXR 0.02 15.00 0.20 – 3.5 Cu, 4.75 Ni 414 MOD MAXEL 2000 0.03 12.50 0.30 – 2.75 Ni, 0.12 S 17Cr-4Ni MOD CSM 21 0.02 15.00 0.20 – 3.50 Cu, 4.75 Ni 420 PREM CSM 420 XL 0.38 13.60 – 0.30 440C CRUCIBLE 440C 1.00 17.50 0.50 – 440C MOD 154 CM (ATS34) 1.05 14.00 4.00 – 440C MOD +V CPM S60V (440V) 2.15 17.00 0.40 5.50 420 MOD +V CPM S90V (420V) 2.35 14.00 1.00 9.00

June 19, 2004 HABA 22

Cold Forming Tool Steels Heat Treatment Table

Cold Forming Tool Steels Cold Forming Tool Steels Heat Treatment TableHeat Treatment Table

AISI GRAD E N AM E ANNEALING TEM P °F

TYPIC AL ANN. HDN. BRINELL

PREHE AT TEM P. °F

AU STENIT IZING TEM P .°F

QUENCH M EDIUM

TEM PERING TEM P. °F

TYPIC AL APPLIC AT ION H AR DN ESS HRC

L6 CHAM PALO Y 1375/1425 183/235 1200/1300 1500/1550 O IL 350/500 58/62

O1 KETO S 1400/1450 183/212 1250/1350 1450/1500 O IL 350/500 60/62

O6 HALG R APH 1425/1450 183/217 1250/1350 1450/1500 O IL 350/500 58/63

S5 LABELLE SIL #2 1400/1425 192/229 1250/1350 1550/1600 O IL 350/500 58/60

A9 CRUCIBLE A9 1550/1600 217/241 1400/1500 1800/1850 AIR 900/1000 56/58

S7 CRUCIBLE S7 1500/1550 187/223 1350/1450 1725/1750 AIR 400/600 54/58

S7 PREM CRUCIBLE S7 XL 1500/1550 187/223 1350/1450 1725/1750 AIR 400/600 54/58

A6 CSM 6 1400/1425 217/248 1200/1300 1550/1625 AIR 350/500 58/60

A2 (S) AIR KOOL (S) 1550/1600 201/235 1350/1450 1750/1800 AIR 400/600 58/62

— CPM 1V 1600/1650 217/248 1550/1600 1950/2000 AIR 1000/1100 56/59

D2 (S) AIRDI 150 (S) 1600/1650 217/255 1400/1475 1825/1875 AIR 400/600 60/62

— CRU-W EAR 1550/1600 223/255 1500/1550 1850/2050 AIR 900/1050 60/64

— CPM 3V 1600/1650 217/248 1450/1550 1875/2050 AIR 950/1050 58/60

M 2 REX M 2 (S) 1550/1600 223/255 1500/1550 2100/2225 AIR 1025/1100 60/64

M 4 CPM M 4HC (HS) 1600/1650 223/255 1500/1550 1875/2200 AIR 1000/1100 60/64

— CPM 9V 1600/1650 223/255 1550/1600 1950/2050 AIR 1000/1100 53/55

T15 CPM T15 1550/1600 255/277 1500/1550 2150/2250 SALT/O IL 1000/1050 64/67

A11 CPM 10V 1600/1650 255/277 1500/1550 1950/2150 AIR 1000/1050 58/62

— CPM 15V 1600/1650 255/277 1500/1550 1950/2150 AIR 1000/1050 59/62

52100 52100 1440 183/212 1200/1250 1500/1550 O IL/W ATER 300/500 50/60

June 19, 2004 HABA 23

Hot Forming Tool SteelsHeat Treatment Table

Hot Forming Tool SteelsHot Forming Tool SteelsHeat Treatment TableHeat Treatment Table

AISI GRADE NAME ANNEALING TEMP.°F

TYPICAL ANNEALED HARDNESS BRINELL

PREHEAT TEMP.°F

AUSTENITIZING TEMP°F.

TEMPERING TEMP°F.

TYPICAL APPLICATION HARDNESS HRC.

H10 MOD. WR95 1600/1650 207/241 1400/1500 1850/1925 1000/1150 48-56

H11 HALCOMB 218 1550/1625 192/235 1400/1500 1800/1875 1000/1100 40-50

H12 CHRO-MOW 1550/1625 192/235 1400/1500 1850/1900 1000/1150 40-50

H13 NU-DIE V 1550/1625 193/235 1450/1550 1825/1875 1000/1150 42-52

H13 PQ NU-DIE XL 1550/1625 193/235 1450/1550 1825/1875 1000/1150 42-52

H13 PQ PDCQ 1550/1625 193/235 1450/1550 1825/1875 1000/1150 42-52

H13 MOD. CRU 161 1600/1650 197/241 1400/1500 1800/1900 1000/1150 46-56

H19 HALCOMB 425 1600/1650 207/241 1450/1500 2100/2200 1000/1200 40-56

H21 PEERLESS A 1600/1650 207/235 1450/1500 2000/2250 1000/1200 40-50

— CPM 1V 1600/1650 217/248 1550/1600 1950/2000 1000/1100 56/59

— CPM 9V 1625/1650 223/255 1500/1575 1875/2050 1000/1150 46-54

June 19, 2004 HABA 24

High Speed Tool Steel Heat Treatment TableHigh Speed Tool Steel High Speed Tool Steel Heat Treatment TableHeat Treatment Table

AISI GRADE NAME ANNEALING TEMP.°F

TYPICAL ANN. HDN. BRINELL

PREHEAT TEMP.°F

AUSTENITIZING TEMP.°F

TEMPERING TEMP.°F

TYPICAL APPLICATION HARDNESS HRC.

M1 REX TMO 1550/1600 217/235 1500/1550 2175/2225 1025/1050 64-66 M2 REX M2 (S) 1550/1600 229/241 1500/1550 2175/2225 1025/1050 64-66 M2 REX M2 HCHS 1550/1600 229/241 1500/1550 2175/2200 1025/1050 64-66 M3 REX M3-1 1550/1600 229/241 1500/1550 2185/2210 1025/1050 65-67 M4 REX M4 1550/1600 229/241 1500/1550 2175/2225 1025/1050 64-66 M4 CPM M4 HC(HS) 1550/1600 235/255 1500/1550 2175/2200 1025/1050 64-66 M7 REX M7N 1500/1550 229/241 1500/1550 2175/2200 1025/1050 65-67 M35 CPM REX M35 HCHS 1550/1600 229/241 1500/1550 2175/2210 1025/1050 65-67 M42 REX M42 1575/1650 235/269 1500/1550 2125/2175 1025/1050 65-68 T15 CPM T15(HS) 1550/1600 255/277 1500/1550 2200/2250 1025/1050 65-67 M62 CPM REX 20(HS) 1550/1600 262/285 1500/1550 2150/2175 1025/1050 66-68 M3+Co CPM REX 45(HS) 1550/1600 255/277 1500/1550 2175/2190 1025/1050 66-68 M4+Co CPM REX 54(HS) 1575/1625 241/277 1500/1550 2100/2200 1025/1050 64-66 M48 CPM REX 76(HS) 1550/1600 285/311 1500/1550 2150/2175 1025/1050 67-69 — CPM REX 121(HS) 1625/1675 360/410 1500/1550 2050/2225 1025/1050 69-71

June 19, 2004 HABA 25

Stainless Steel Tool SteelsHeat Treatment Table

Stainless Steel Tool SteelsStainless Steel Tool SteelsHeat Treatment TableHeat Treatment Table

AISI GRADE TRADENAME

ANNEALING TEMP °F

TYPICAL ANN. HDN. BRINELL

PREHEAT TEMP. °F

AUSTENITIZING TEMP. °F

QUENCH MEDIUM

TEMPERING TEMP. °F

TYPICAL APPLICATION HARDNESS HRC

416 416 R 1525 150/180 1450/1500 1750/1850 Oil 500/800 35/40 17Cr-4Ni MOD CRUCIBLE 174 SXR 1900 30/35 HRC NA NA NA 900/1150 33/42 414 MOD MAXEL 2000 1250/1300 ~300 1250 1550 Air 450/750 35/39 17Cr-4Ni MOD CSM 21 1900 30/35 HRC NA NA NA 900/1150 33/42 420 PREM CSM 420XL 1600/1650 192/241 1350/1450 1850/1875 AIR 450/750 49/53 440C CRUCIBLE 440C 1600/1650 217/255 1425 1850/1900 AIR/OIL 400/800 54/58 440C MOD 154 CM 1650 235 1400/1450 1900/2000 AIR/OIL 400/800 58/62 440C MOD +V CPM S60V (440V) 1600/1625 255/277 1500/1550 1850/2050 AIR 300/500 54/58 420 MOD +V CPM S90V (420V) 1600/1650 255/277 1500/1550 1950/2150 AIR/OIL/SALT 400/750 56/58

June 19, 2004 HABA 26

June 19, 2004 HABA 27

ReferencesReferences• Crucible Materials Corp

– General Information : Selection of Tool & Die Steels

• http://www.crucibleservice.com/eselector/general/generalpart1.html

• CASTI – Metals Black Book

• http://www.asminternational.org/bookstore/casti/CASTI_Metals_and_Corrosion_series.htm

• Crucible Materials Corp– General Information : Selection of Tool & Die

Steels• http://www.crucibleservice.com/eselector/general/generalpart1

.html

• CASTI – Metals Black Book

• http://www.asminternational.org/bookstore/casti/CASTI_Metals_and_Corrosion_series.htm

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Selection of Tool Steels - Houston Area Blacksmiths ... · Selection of Tool Steels Fitness for Purpose by Tom Farraro ... Tool Steel ClassificationsTool Steel Classifications