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ICOLIM 2017 – Selection of Arc Flash PPE …Slide 1 Jordan, BSD, 27.04.2017
Selection of PPE –
Practical experience of different arc assessment methods and their comparison
Dr.-Ing. Thomas Jordan
Markus Kauschke
ICOLIM 2017 – Selection of Arc Flash PPE …Slide 2 Jordan, BSD, 27.04.2017
Manufacturerof LW toolsand Arc Flash PPE
BSD – Electrical Safety specialist in Europe
Live WorkingTraining
Center
ElectricalTesting for LW tools and PPE
Consulting forArc Flash Risk
assessmentand LW
ICOLIM 2017 – Selection of Arc Flash PPE …Slide 3 Jordan, BSD, 27.04.2017
Introduction Arc Flash Risk Assessment
Arc Flash Calculation methods
NFPA 70 E
IEEE 1584
DGUV I 203-077
Comparison of IEEE 1584 and DGUV I 203-077
Necessary technical data
Examples for selected PPE
Agenda
ICOLIM 2017 – Selection of Arc Flash PPE …Slide 4 Jordan, BSD, 27.04.2017
Arc Flash Risk Assessment
What is Arc Flash?
Electrical hazard
Severe health effects on human being
Burns
Death
Triggered by
Equipment defects
Defect of tools
Lack of distance to live parts
Lack of insulating blankets
Errors by switch off equipment (5 safety rules)
ICOLIM 2017 – Selection of Arc Flash PPE …Slide 5 Jordan, BSD, 27.04.2017
Arc Flash Risk Assessment
Why you have to conduct arc flash risk assessment / consider arc flash faults for electrical work places?
1. Legal recommendations
National OSHA rules
EN 50110-1 in Europe
PPE Directive in Europe
2. Practical issues
A lot of PPE on the market with different arc protection levels
To select appropriate PPE for the employees and not worst-case PPE with highest protection level (ergonomic aspects)
ICOLIM 2017 – Selection of Arc Flash PPE …Slide 6 Jordan, BSD, 27.04.2017
Arc Flash Risk Assessment
What is Arc Flash PPE?
Daily workwear Switching kits
Hand Protection
Non-insulating gloves
Insulating gloves
Face protection
Face shields
Hoods
Body protection
Jacket
Trousers
Shirts
Coat
BIB overalls
ICOLIM 2017 – Selection of Arc Flash PPE …Slide 7 Jordan, BSD, 27.04.2017
Arc Flash Calculation Methods
NFPA 70 E IEEE 1584 DGUV I 203-077
US approach German Approach
Open Arc Test (IEC 61482-1-1, ASTM 1959) Box-Test (IEC 61482-1-2)
ATPV / EBT (cal/cm²) Arc Protection Class
Tables withoutcalculation
Calculation of Incident Energy Ei
Calculation of Arc Energy WLB
Various software tools
BSD arc calculator software
ICOLIM 2017 – Selection of Arc Flash PPE …Slide 8 Jordan, BSD, 27.04.2017
Arc Flash Calculation Methods
IEEE 1584 (since 2002) DGUV I 203-077 (since 2012)
Scope
Voltage level:
Fault currents:
208 V … 15 kV
0,7 kA … 106 kA
Un > 50 V
no restrictions
Necessary Data • Voltage Level
• Bolted fault current
• Conductor gap
• Device clearing time
• Equipment geometry
• Working distance
• Kind of neutral earthing
• Voltage Level
• Bolted fault current
• Conductor gap
• Device clearing time
• Equipment geometry
• Working distance
• R/X ratio
ICOLIM 2017 – Selection of Arc Flash PPE …Slide 9 Jordan, BSD, 27.04.2017
Arc Flash Calculation Methods
IEEE 1584 (since 2002) DGUV I 203-077 (since 2012)
Results ATPV in cal/cm²
No limitations (by calculation)
Arc Protection Classes
Only Class 1 and Class 2
Main differences • Different distance factors for different geometries
• Maximum arc flash duration
2 seconds
• Calculation of arc current
• Proposed working distances e.g. LV 460 … 610 mm
• Fix relation between incident energy and distance
• Maximum arc flash duration
1 second
• Calculation of arc current
• Proposed working distances e.g. LV 300 mm
ICOLIM 2017 – Selection of Arc Flash PPE …Slide 10 Jordan, BSD, 27.04.2017
Arc Flash Calculation Methods
No.Vol-tage(kV)
Working distance
(cm)
Ik3
(kA)
DGUV IEEE
tk
(ms)WLB (kJ)
Arc Prot. Class
tk
(ms)ATPV
(cal/cm²)
1 20 a 82,5 16 4 173 Class1 4 < 1,2
2 0,4 30 39,2 1000 8272 > Class 2 1000 120
3 0,4 30 39,2 30 284 Class1 30 3,6
4 0,4 30 22,7 4 17 Class1 18 < 1,2
5 0,4 30 16,5 111 347 Class2 98 3,1
6 20 a 82,5 15,7 4 170 Class1 4 < 1,2
7 0,4 30 11,9 7 18,1 Class1 88 2,4
8 0,4 30 53,9 526 5983 > Class 2 1000 154
Sample results
a the scope of IEEE was extended to voltage level of 20 kV
ICOLIM 2017 – Selection of Arc Flash PPE …Slide 11 Jordan, BSD, 27.04.2017
Conclusion
Arc flash risk assessment is today a mandatory part of each risk assessment for electrical workplaces
Due to wide range of PPE and wide range of protection levels it is necessary to select right PPE with adequate (ergonomic) protection level
The arc flash calculation method has to be selected accor-ding to the arc rating standard of the purchased PPE
ATPV-rating (e.g. IEC 61482-1-1, ASTM 1959)
IEEE 1584
Box-Test Arc Protection Class (e.g. IEC 61482-1-2)
DGUV I 203-077
Both methods have same intention but slightly different results
The use of software tools is recommendable
ICOLIM 2017 – Selection of Arc Flash PPE …Slide 12 Jordan, BSD, 27.04.2017
Thank you!
BSD GmbH, Dresden, Germany
BSD GmbH, Dresden, Germany
Dr.-Ing. Thomas Jordan
