SELECTION OF CONVEYOR SYSTEM USING FUZZY ANALYTICAL ...eprints.utem.edu.my/20654/1/Selection Of Conveyor System Using Fuzzy... · mengaku membenarkan Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM)

SELECTION OF CONVEYOR SYSTEM USING FUZZY ANALYTICAL

HIERARCHY PROCESS

This report is submitted in accordance with requirement of the Universiti Teknikal Malaysia

Melaka (UTeM) for Bachelor Degree of Manufacturing Engineering

(Robotics & Automation) (Hons.)

by

NUR ADILA SHAFFINI BT SUHAIMI

B051310247

940719-03-5774

FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

2017

Disahkan oleh:

_____________________________ ______________________________

Alamat Tetap: Cop Rasmi:

Kg.Kubang kerian, Bukit Panau

17500 Tanah Merah,Kelantan

Tarikh: _______________________ Tarikh: _______________________

*Jika Laporan PSM ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak

berkuasa/organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh laporan PSM ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA

Tajuk: SELECTION OF CONVEYOR SYSTEM USING FUZZY ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS

Sesi Pengajian: 2016/2017 Semester 2

Saya NUR ADILA SHAFFINI BT SUHAIMI (940719-03-5774)

mengaku membenarkan Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM) ini disimpan di

Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat

kegunaan seperti berikut:

1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis.

2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan

untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis.

3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan

pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.

4. *Sila tandakan (√)

(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan

Malaysiasebagaimana yang termaktub dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)

(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/

badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)

SULIT

TERHAD

TIDAK TERHAD

DECLARATION

I hereby, declared this report entitled “Selection of conveyor system using Fuzzy

Analytical Hierarchy Process” is the results of my own research except as cited in

reference.

Signature : …………………………………………..

Author’s Name : NUR ADILA SHAFFINI BT SUHAIMI

Date : …………………………………………..

APPROVAL

This report is submitted to the Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering of Universiti

Teknikal Malaysia Melaka as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

of Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering (Robotics and Automation) (Hons.).

The members of the supervisory committee is as follow:

….……………………………………….

(IR. DR. LOKMAN BIN ABDULLAH)

i

ABSTRAK

Objektif projek ini adalah untuk memilih konsep reka bentuk sistem penghantar dengan

menggunakan teknik Fuzzy Proses Analisis Hierarki. Menurut (Zadeh, 1965), teori set Fuzzy

boleh menyelesaikan ketidaksempurnaan penilaian. Manakala, menurut (Fulvio et al., 2004),

Fuzzy AHP adalah satu kaedah yang berguna untuk berurusan dengan maklumat yang tidak

tepat, tidak menentu dan samar-samar. Terdapat tiga kaedah yang digunakan dalam memilih

sistem penghantar yang terbaik, iaitu AHP asas, Trapezoid Fuzzy AHP dan segi tiga Fuzzy

AHP. Reka bentuk konsep penghantar yang telah dibincangkan dalam projek ini adalah

rantaian penghantar, tali pinggang penghantar, penghantar roller dan roda penghantar.

Beberapa kriteria dalam memilih konsep reka bentuk yang terbaik juga telah dibincangkan dan

dibandingkan prestasinya. Terdapat tujuh kriteria yang dibincangkan dalam projek ini iaitu

kos, fleksibiliti talisawat, kelajuan penghantar, lebar item dan berat item yang boleh

dipindahkan oleh penghantar, keselamatan dan ergonomik penghantar. Tradisional AHP dan

segi tiga Fuzzy AHP menunjukkan susunan perintah yang sama penghantar manakala

Trapezoid Fuzzy AHP menunjukkan sedikit berbeza dalam kedudukan perintah penghantar

yang dipilih. Kriteria yang paling penting dalam memilih konsep reka bentuk yang terbaik

sistem penghantar adalah kos. Pengesahan keputusan dengan menggunakan Expert Choice

Software menunjukkan bahawa rantaian penghantar adalah konsep terbaik reka bentuk

penghantar dalam memindahkan kotak dalam industri kertas dengan wajaran 0,5400, diikuti

oleh penghantar tali pinggang dengan wajaran 0,2760, penghantar roller dengan wajaran

0,1230 dan roda penghantar dengan wajaran 0,0610. Kesimpulan daripada keseluruhan projek

ialah reka bentuk penghantar akhir dipilih adalah wajar dan ketiga-tiga objektif tercapai.

Beberapa cadangan untuk kerja-kerja masa depan juga termasuk untuk penambahbaikan.

ii

ABSTRACT

The objective of this project is to select the design concept of conveyor system by using

Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process. According to (Zadeh, 1965), Fuzzy set theory can solve

the impreciseness of the judgments. Then, according to (Fulvio et al., 2004), Fuzzy AHP is a

method that is useful to deal with imprecise, uncertain and ambiguous information. There are

three methods used in selecting the best conveyor system, which are Traditional AHP,

Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP and Triangular Fuzzy AHP. The design concept of conveyor that have

been discussed in this project are chain conveyor, belt conveyor, roller conveyor and wheel

conveyor. Several criteria in selecting the best design concept also have been discussed and

compared. There are seven criteria discussed in this project which are cost, flexibility of the

conveyor, speed of conveyor, item width and item weight that is transferred by the conveyor,

safety and ergonomics of the conveyor. Traditional AHP and Triangular Fuzzy AHP showed

the same ranking order of the conveyor while Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP showed slightly different

in ranking order of the conveyor selected. The most important criteria in selecting the best

design concept of conveyor system is cost. The validation of the result by using Expert Choice

Software showed that chain conveyor is the best design concept of conveyor in transferring the

boxes in paper industry with the weightage of 0.5400, followed by belt conveyor with the

weightage of 0.2760, roller conveyor with the weightage of 0.1230 and wheel conveyor with

the weightage of 0.0610. The conclusion also has been drawn out from overall project where

final conveyor design selected is justified and all the three objectives are achieved. Several

suggestion and recommendations for future work also included for improvement.

iii

DEDICATION

To my beloved parents

Suhaimi bin Ya and Nik Ashikin Bt Nawi

My appreciated siblings

Nur Athirah Shazwani Bt Suhami, Mohd Aliff Shazwan Bin Suhaimi

Mohd Azim Shaffri Bin Suhaimi and Nur Adlin Shaziera Bt Suhaimi

My friends and my Supervisor

Thank You So Much

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All the praise to Allah the Almighty for giving the opportunity to me to complete this

Final Year Project. I would like to thank to my supervisor, Ir. Dr. Lokman Bin Abdullah for

the great mentoring and knowledge that was given to me throughout the project.

I would like to give a special thanks to my fellow friends who always giving me

motivation and cooperation mentally in completing this report.

Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to my parents, Suhaimi Bin Ya

and Nik Ashikin Bt Nawi and my siblings, for always supporting me throughout the project.

Their support, care and prayers are very meaningful for me.

v

TABLE OF CONTENT

Abstrak i

Abstract ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgment iv

Table of Content v

List of Tables xi

List of Figures xii

List of Abbreviations xiv

List of Symbol xv

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Problem Statement 3

1.3 Objective 3

1.4 Scope 3

1.5 Structure of report 4

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 6

2.2 Material handling system 7

vi

2.2.1 Conveyors 8

2.2.1.1 Roller Conveyor 9

2.2.1.2 Wheel Conveyor 10

2.2.1.3 Chain Conveyor 10

2.2.1.4 Belt Conveyor 11

2.3 Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Method 12

2.4 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) 13

2.4.1 Prerequisites of AHP 14

2.4.2 Advantages of AHP 14

2.4.3 Complexity Structure of AHP 15

2.4.4 Ratio Scale Measurement 16

2.4.5 Operation of AHP 16

2.4.6 Limitation of AHP 17

2.5 Fuzzy Set Theory 18

2.6 Fuzzy AHP 18

2.6.1 Fuzzy AHP Approach 19

2.7 Gap Analysis 20

2.8 Summary 22

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Planning of study 23

3.2 Project Flow Chart 24

3.3 Stage explanation 29

3.3.1 Formulate Project Study 29

3.3.2 Data Collection 29

3.3.3 Development of criteria of the Conveyors Design 30

vii

3.3.4 Conveyor selection via 3 approaches 30

3.3.5 Traditional AHP 30

3.3.5.1 Define current industrial problem 31

3.3.5.2 Development of a hierarchy model 31

3.3.5.3 Construct a pair-wise comparison matrix 32

3.3.5.4 Perform scaling process 32

3.3.5.5 Normalize the pairwise comparison 33

3.3.5.6 Obtain final weight 34

3.3.5.7 Checking the value of Consistency Ratio 35

3.3.5.8 Repetition of step 4 to 7 for all criteria 35

3.3.5.9 Perform overall priority ranking 35

3.3.5.10 Selection of the best design concept 35

3.3.6 Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP 36

3.3.6.1 Define problem, Develop hierarchy 36

Framework, Construct a pairwise comparison matrix

3.3.6.2 Perform Scaling 36

3.3.6.3 Obtain final weight 38

3.3.6.4 Checking the value of CR, 38

Perform overall priority ranking, Selection of the

best design concept

3.3.6.5 Calculate the weight 38

3.3.7 Triangular Fuzzy AHP 39

3.3.7.1 Comparison of criteria or alternative via linguistic terms 39

3.3.7.2 Averaging the preferences of decision maker 40

3.3.7.3 Updating the pair wise contribution matrices 40

3.3.7.4 Calculate the geometric mean of fuzzy comparison value 41

3.3.7.5 Calculate the fuzzy weight of each criterion 41

3.3.7.6 Deffuzification of fuzzy triangular numbers 41

3.3.7.7 Normalization of Mi 41

3.3.7.8 Calculate the score of alternative 42

3.3.7.9 Ranking of priority value 42

3.3.8 Validation via Expert Choice Software 42

3.3.9 Comparison of the Result 42

viii

3.3.10 Result Analysis 42

3.3.11 Summary 43

3.3.12 Conclusion 43

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Analysis method 44

4.2 Characteristics and requirements 45

4.3 Design Concept 46

4.3.1 Design Concept 1 46




4.4 Analytical Hierarchy Process Computation 50

4.4.1 Criteria of Design Concept Evaluation 50

4.4.2 Final decision making 55

4.5 Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP 56

4.5.1 Criteria evaluation 56

4.5.2 Final decision making of Design Concept 64

4.6 Triangular Fuzzy AHP 65

4.6.1 Criteria evaluation 66

4.6.2 Final decision making of Design Concept 72

4.7 Validation of Expert Choice Software 72

4.8 Discussion of the result 74

4.9 Sustainability 75

4.10 Summary 75

ix

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE WORK

5.1 Conclusion 76

5.2 Recommendation for future work 77

REFERENCES 78

APPENDICES

A Gantt Chart FYP 1 84

B Gantt Chart FYP 2 85

C Criteria calculation of Traditional AHP 86

D Criteria calculation of Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP 99

E Criteria calculation of Triangular Fuzzy AHP 118

x

LIST OF TABLES

2.1 Gap Analysis 20

3.1 Scale of relative importance used in the pair-wise comparison of AHP 33

3.2 Random index of analytic hierarchy process 34

4.1 Characteristics of design concept 45

4.2 Weightage of criteria 50

4.3 Pairwise comparison of criteria 52


4.5 Consistency calculation 53

4.6 Weightage for alternative 55

4.7 Pairwise comparison of the criteria 57

4.8 Weightage of row 1 58







4.15 Weightage of criteria of the design concept 64

xi


4.17 Pairwise comparison of the criteria 66

4.18 Sum of pairwise comparison of criteria 67

4.19 Adjusted pairwise comparison of criteria 68


4.21 Minimum weightage of criteria 71

4.22 Weightage of design concept 72

xii

LIST OF FIGURES

2.1 Roller conveyor 9

2.2 Wheel conveyor 10

2.3 Chain conveyor 10

2.4 Belt conveyor 11

2.5 AHP Level Hierarchy 15

3.1 Research process flow 25

3.2 Flow of traditional AHP 26

3.3 Flow chart of Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP 27

3.4 Flow chart of Triangular Fuzzy AHP 28

3.5 Hierarchy framework model 31

3.6 Linguistic scale and fuzzy scale of importance 36

3.7 Linguistic terms and corresponding triangular fuzzy numbers 39

4.1 Analysis flowchart 44

4.2 Top view of design concept 1 46

4.3 Front view of design concept 1 46

4.4 Side view of design concept 1 46


4.6 Front view design concept 2 47

xiii








4.14 Pairwise comparison matrix of criteria in Expert Choice Software 72

4.15 Performance graph of design concept in Expert Choice Software 73

4.16 Weightage of criteria in Expert Choice Software 73

xiv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AHP - Analytical Hierarchy Process

ANC - Average Normalized Column

CR - Consistency Ratio

CI - Consistency Index

DC - Design Concept

FIA - Fuzzy Information Axiom

FUMAHES - Fuzzy Multi-Attribute Material Handling Equipment Selection

HRST - Human Resource in Science Technology

LFPP - Logarithm Fuzzy Preference Programming

MHESA - Material Handling Equipment Selection Advisor

MCDM - Multi-Criteria Decision Making

RI - Random Index

PSO - Particle Swarm Optimization

xv

LIST OF SYMBOLS

𝛼 - Alpha

𝛽 - Beta

𝛾 - Gamma

𝛿 - Delta

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter includes the background of the project, problem statement, objective and

scope of the project.

1.1 Background

Material handling involves the movement of a building or between a building

and a transportation vehicle. It uses a wide range of manual, semi-automated, and

automated equipment and includes application of the storage and movement control of

the materials throughout the manufacturing. Material handling system is used in

moving and controlling the goods throughout the process. By using the material

handling system, the material that is transferred is in the right amount and can be

reached the destination on time with minimum cost. The effective material handling

can minimum the cost of operation, cycle time and decrease the damage. It helps to

maximum the flexibility and higher automation and material flow in handling.

Material handling is an important component in any production process. It is a

process that goes on in every plant every time. It is simply pick up, lie down and

moving the material through manufacture.

2

In this project, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied for the

selection of the best design concept of material handling system that integrates the

qualitative and quantitative of each criterion in the decision structure. AHP is widely

used as multi-criteria decision analysis which decomposes the decision problem in a

hierarchy structure and derives priorities from the value judgments of individual or in

a group of decision making. Despite, the traditional method of AHP has a limitation in

addressing the ambiguousness of subjective judgment. Variant of fuzzy AHP was thus

developed and applied to model the ambiguousness of judgment by representing the

verbal scale in terms of fuzzy number.

3

1.2 Problem Statement

Currently, there are several types of conveyor used in the industry, however, the

best type of conveyor that the most suitable to use for purpose of transferring the boxes

in paper industry is not known. As there are also several methods that well known for

the multi-criteria decision making, but the suitability of method used need to be

identified. To know the accuracy of final answer in selecting the best conveyor system,

the best software is needed.

1.3 Objective

i) To select the best conveyor system using Fuzzy-AHP method.

ii) To identify and compare the final decision made using Traditional AHP,

Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP and Triangular Fuzzy AHP.

iii) To validate the result of Fuzzy-AHP using Expert Choice software.

1.4 Scope

The scope of the project are as follows:

i. Focusing on the conveyor used for the purpose of transferring the boxes in

paper industry.

ii. Determination of the best design concept of conveyor system using Traditional

AHP, Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP and Triangular Fuzzy AHP.

iii. Validation of the result by using the Expert Choice Software.

4

1.5 Structure of Report

This report contains 5 chapters that will explain briefly about this research. The

first chapter is about the introduction of this research which contains background,

problem statement, objectives, and scope of this project. The second chapter explains

about the literature review which review about the previous research about the material

handling system, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy-AHP.

Next, chapter 3 is about the methodology and steps that have been taken during

conducting this research. Chapter 4 explains about the different design of material

handling system, the hierarchy framework for AHP and the analysis of the result by

using the Expert Choice software. Then chapter 5 is about conclusion and outcome of

this research and the recommendation for future improvement also included.

In Introduction, there are five subtopics that will be presented. The first part is

the study about the material handling and the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process

(Fuzzy-AHP). From the background, the problem statements are summarized and

explained in detail. A few objectives of this project also have been set. However, a few

scopes of this project also will be set so the project study will only cover the specific

portion only.

The second chapter is literature review which covers the previous founding

regarding the project research. The journals are studied thoroughly based on the

objective and scope that has been stated.

In the third chapter, explains about the method to carry out the project. The ways

in conducting the project is determined in a flow chart. The correlation of the concept

used and the step in conducting the project should be simultaneous.

5

Chapter 4 is the most crucial. This chapter explains the result and the outcome

after the research is carried out. The research is carried out based on the step that have

been stated in chapter 3.

The last chapter concludes about the overall project. Conclusion must be declared

either the project fulfilled the objectives from the first chapter. Several

recommendations also must be stated to improve for better result accuracy.

Documents

SELECTION OF CONVEYOR SYSTEM USING FUZZY ANALYTICAL ...eprints.utem.edu.my/20654/1/Selection Of Conveyor System Using Fuzzy... · mengaku membenarkan Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM)