Seism Baraje Np 076-2012 Ro

8/12/2019 Seism Baraje Np 076-2012 Ro

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1. ------IND- 2013 0045 RO- EN- ------ 20130220 --- --- PROJET

ORDER

No. of...2013for the approval of technical regulation Normative document for the seismic design

construction and assessment

of !ater engineering structures used in dam facilities" #ode N$ 0%&'2012

In accordance with the provisions of Article 10 and Article 38(2) of Law No 10/1995 on !alit" in

constr!ctions# with its s!$se!ent a%end%ents# of Article 2(3) and (&) of the 'e!lation reardin the

t"pes of technical re!lations and costs relatin to re!lator" activities in the field of constr!ctions# town

plannin# land develop%ent and ha$itat# approved $" overn%ent *ecision No 203/2003# with its

s!$se!ent %odifications and s!pple%entation#

on the ro!nds of Article &(II)(d) and Article 12(+) of overn%ent *ecision No 1/2013 concernin

the oranisation and operation of the ,inistr" of 'eional *evelop%ent and -!$lic ad%inistration#

the (inistr) of Regional Development and $u*lic +dministration here*) issues the follo!ing

ORDER,

+rticle 1.. he technical re!lation Normative document for the seismic design, construction and

assessment of water engineering structures used in dam facilities, code NP 076-2012# revision N-0+

2002# drawn !p $" the echnical niversit" of 4ivil nineerin of 6!charest# 7ac!lt" of

"drotechnics# stip!lated in the anne that is an interated part of the present order# is here$" approved:

+rticle 2. his order shall $e p!$lished in the ;fficial

in the field of technical standards and re!lations# p!$lished in the ;fficial the 4o!ncil of 20


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DE$-/ $R(E'(NER

(NER

Nicolae'iviu DR+NE+

Anne

to ,*'A- ;rder No@@@@@@@@/@@@:@@@:2013

Normative document

for the seismic design construction and assessment of

!ater engineering structures used in dam facilities

#ode N$ 0%&'2012

' Revision N$ 0%&'2002 '

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#ontents

1: ?cope of the nor%ative doc!%ent:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::&

1: ?cope of the nor%ative doc!%ent:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::&

2: ?eis%icit" and seis%ic para%eters::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::5

2: ?eis%icit" and seis%ic para%eters::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::53: ?eis%ic desin and calc!lation of water enineerin str!ct!res !sed in da% facilities:

?tr!ct!rereservoirfo!ndation ro!nd interaction:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::13

3: ?eis%ic desin and calc!lation of water enineerin str!ct!res !sed in da% facilities:

?tr!ct!rereservoirfo!ndation ro!nd interaction:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::13

&: ?eis%ic calc!lation of da%s %ade of concrete and local %aterials:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::20

&: ?eis%ic calc!lation of da%s %ade of concrete and local %aterials:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::20

5: ?eis%ic calc!lation of a!iliar" water enineerin str!ct!res !sed in da% facilities:::2

5: ?eis%ic calc!lation of a!iliar" water enineerin str!ct!res !sed in da% facilities:::2

5:1 Introd!ction::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::25:2 *esin calc!lation of hihwater spillwa"s:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::2+

5:3 ater carrier pipes# sl!ice ates and valves::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::2+

5:& IntaBe towers: 7!nnel spillwa"s:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::28

5:5 Naviation locBs::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::28

: ?eis%ic calc!lation of tailins da%s and d"Bes::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::30

: ?eis%ic calc!lation of tailins da%s and d"Bes::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::30

+: 4onstr!ction of da%s in seis%ic Cones: Antiseis%ic str!ct!ral %eas!res:::::::::::::::::::31

+: 4onstr!ction of da%s in seis%ic Cones: Antiseis%ic str!ct!ral %eas!res:::::::::::::::::::31

8: ?!rveillance and %onitorin of da% enineerin str!ct!res $!ilt in seis%ic Cones::::::338: ?!rveillance and %onitorin of da% enineerin str!ct!res $!ilt in seis%ic Cones::::::33

9: 'estoration worBs for water enineerin str!ct!res affected $" earth!aBes:::::::::::::::3&

9: 'estoration worBs for water enineerin str!ct!res affected $" earth!aBes:::::::::::::::3&

10: 'eference doc!%ents:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::35

10: 'eference doc!%ents:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::35

lossar" of ter%s::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::39

International seis%ic criteria and re!lations:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::&5

4alc!lation relationships !sed in the pse!dostatic %ethod:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::&+

Assess%ent of h"drod"na%ic press!res d!e to earth!aBes::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::&8Assess%ent of the seis%ic press!res d!e to the fo!ndation ro!nd:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::52

?eis%ic anal"sis of a ravit" da%::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::0

?eis%ic anal"sis of an earthfill da%:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::8+

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1. cope of the normative document

1.1: he nor%ative doc!%ent incl!des provisions reardin the seis%ic desin# constr!ction

and safet" assess%ent of water enineerin str!ct!res !sed in da% facilities (da%s# d"Bes# da% power

stations# locBs# a!iliar" str!ct!res):

(1) herefore# the followin chapters specif" the seis%icit" and seis%ic para%eters# antiseis%ic

desin principles# the seis%ic calc!lation and safet" assess%ent of water enineerin str!ct!res !sed inda% facilities# the constr!ction of s!ch str!ct!res in seis%ic Cones# antiseis%ic str!ct!ral %eas!res#

s!rveillance and %onitorin# as well as worBs for the restoration of an" water enineerin str!ct!res

!sed in da% facilities which have $een affected $" earth!aBes:

(2) he provisions are applica$le to $oth the act!al da% and the other water enineerin

str!ct!res !sed within the da% facilit"D da% power plants# water inlets# spillwa"s# h"dro%echanical

e!ip%ent# locBs# a$!t%ents and connectin walls# etc:

(3) he seis%ic safet" of the str!ct!res shall depend on their response to the co%$inations of

loads co%pati$le with the seis%ic action: herefore# the seis%ic action cannot $e dissociated fro% other

t"pes of loads or the state and specific conditions of the respective str!ct!re:

(&) Altho!h the nor%ative doc!%ent onl" refers to aspects that are directl" related to the

seis%ic action# the person responsi$le for ens!rin the safet" of these str!ct!res shall have to taBe intoconsideration all of the str!ct!ral and nonstr!ct!ral factors involved that co%pl" with the practice

principles applica$le in the field:

(5) ?ince the nor%ative doc!%ent enerall" reflects c!rrent enineerin practice# the doc!%ent

will need to $e periodicall" revised and s!pple%ented with the new practices developed in the field of

seis%ic enineerin of water retention str!ct!res:

1.2. his nor%ative doc!%ent provides specialists responsi$le for desinin or constr!ctin

water enineerin str!ct!res for da% facilities with the necessar" theoretical and practical (str!ct!ral)

ele%ents relatin to the calc!lation %ethodoloies to $e !sed and the seis%ic $ehavio!r of these

str!ct!res:

(1) his nor%ative doc!%ent %ainl" refers to technical prescriptions relatin to the f!nda%ental

re!ire%ents applica$le to str!ct!res and ai%s to har%onise the applica$le specific technical re!lations

in the field with those areed nationall" and internationall"# na%el" the ?eis%ic *esin 4odes No -100

1 and -1003# ';4;* 8# I4;L* 6!lletins and conferences# as well as the p!$lications of the

!ropean I4;L* 4l!$:

1.3.he provisions of this nor%ative doc!%ent shall appl" to da% enineerin str!ct!res located

on sites whose eoloical conditions# deter%ined $" %eans of eoloical# h"droeoloical# eotechnical

and eoph"sical s!rve"s# are accepted $" the practice in the field:

(1) Nor%all"# sites located in Cones with hih tectonic activit"# with fa!lts that have a hih risB

of relative slidin $etween adEacent faces# which are affected $" landslides# cavinin or Barst processes#shiftin sands or sands that pose the risB of li!efaction# %assifs containin sol!$le %aterials (salt#

"ps!%)# or recent !nconsolidated fillins shall not $e accepted for water enineerin str!ct!res !sed in

da% facilities:

1.4. he nor%ative doc!%ent refers to str!ct!res that are $ein desined# as well as eistin

str!ct!res that are to !ndero epert ea%ination or verification# in accordance with the applica$le

specific leislation in force:

(1) his nor%ative doc!%ent is to $e !sed $" all parties involved in the invest%ent processD

planners# plannin assessors# certified technical eperts# contractors# technical %anaers responsi$le for

the constr!ction worBs# investors# owners# ad%inistrators and !sers# personnel responsi$le for operatin

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the facilities# operators/co%panies worBin in the field of water enineerin# as well as p!$lic

ad%inistration a!thorities and inspection $odies:

1.5. he nor%ative doc!%ent shall $e s!pple%ented $" the followin anneesD

Anne A incl!des a lossar" with the ter%inolo" !sed in this nor%ative doc!%entFAnne 6 contains the %ain international re!lations in the field of seis%ic safet" of da%sF

Annees 4# *# provide# as a reco%%endation# calc!lation relationships to $e !sed in the

pse!dostatic %ethod# as well as when deter%inin the h"drod"na%ic press!res d!e to earth!aBes and

the seis%ic press!re developed in the fo!ndation ro!ndF

Annees 7# contain applications for the seis%ic anal"sis of a ravit" da% and a rocBfill da%#

respectivel":

2. eismicit) and seismic parameters

2.1. he strenth of an earth!aBe can $e descri$ed $" its %anit!de or its intensit":

(1) ,anit!de is a %eas!re of the ener" released $" the earth!aBe and# therefore# eachearth!aBe is characterised $" a sinle %anit!de:

(2) Intensit" is a %eas!re of the destr!ctive effects of an earth!aBe in a certain Cone and#

conse!entl"# the intensit" of an earth!aBe varies dependin on the Cone $ein anal"sed:

(3) he strenth of an earth!aBe can $e assessed $" either deter%inin its effects on people#

$!ildins or the environ%ent# or $" carr"in o!t instr!%ental recordins at seis%ic stations:

(&) he %ost fre!entl" !sed %anit!de scale is !ten$er'ichter (,)# which incl!des nine

derees of %anit!de (19): he $est Bnown intensit" scales are the ,odified ,ercalli (,,) scale#

which has twelve derees of intensit" (I GII)# and the ,edvedev ?ponhe!r and Harnic (,?H) scale#

which has ten derees of intensit" (I G)# in the ,?H& and ,?H+ versions: he ,? 98 scale has

$een developed in the !ropean nion:

(5) 7i!re 21 shows correlations $etween vario!s earth!aBe strenth scales: 7or intensit"

scales# the co%parison refers to the epicentral intensit" of the earth!aBe:

() In 'o%ania# in accordance with ?A? 38& reardin the =?eis%ic intensit" scale# the

deree of seis%ic intensit" is epressed in derees on the international ,?H& scale (,edvedev

?ponhe!rHarniB scale):

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M - Gutenberg, Richter - 1956MM - Modified Mercalli - 1931MSK - Medvedev, Sponheur, Karnik - 196

igure 21 (orrelations #etween various seismic scales

2.2. he peaB val!e of the seis%ic horiContal ro!nd acceleration (a) within a site shall

correspond to a %ean rec!rrence interval (,'I) of 225 "ears (eceedance pro$a$ilit" of 20 over 50

"ears) for the Cones that are %ainl" infl!enced $" the Jrancea s!$cr!stal seis%ic so!rce and the 6anat

cr!stal so!rces# or a %ean rec!rrence interval of 100 "ears (eceedance pro$a$ilit" of &0 over 50

"ears) for the rest of 'o%ania# in accordance with 'e!lation -1001 (7i!re 22):

(1) A pri%ar" seis%ic action can !s!all" $e defined $" two para%etersD

agpeaB seis%ic horiContal ro!nd acceleration for earth!aBes whose %ean rec!rrence interval,'I co%plies with -araraph 1(2:2)F

Tc the control (corner) period characteristic to the spectral co%position diara% of the seis%ic

%ove%ent within the site# representin the li%it $etween the %ai%!% val!e Cone in the a$sol!te

acceleration spectr!% and the %ai%!% val!e Cone in the relative velocit" spectr!% (7i!re 23):

(2) 7i!re 2:& shows the nor%alised elastic response spectra for horiContal accelerations at

fo!ndation level# dependin on the corner periods (c): he nor%alised spectra shall $e o$tained !sin

the elastic response spectra for a$sol!te accelerations# $" dividin the spectral ordinates $" the peaB

ro!nd acceleration a:

MAGNITUDEM

EPICENTRALACCELERATI M.M. M.S.K.

JAPANESESCALE

ENERGY

ergi

CLASSE

CLASSD

CLASSC

CLASSB

CLASSA


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igure 2* 3oning of omania as a function of the corner "eriod 9Tc) of

the res"onse s"ectrum

(3) he a$sol!te acceleration elastic response spectra K? a() for the horiContal co%ponents of

the seis%ic action shall $e o$tained fro% the nor%alised spectra KM() 7i!re & corrected $" the peaB

val!es of the ro!nd acceleration aD

?a() aM() (2:1)

(&) he relative velocit" response spectra K?v() or relative displace%ent response spectra

K?d() shall $e o$tained fro% ?a() in accordance with the relationships $etween the elastic response

spectraD

?d() ?v()/O ?a()/O2where O2P/ (2:2)

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igure Normalised elastic res"onse s"ectra for hori;ontal accelerations at foundation level, de"ending

on the corner "eriods 9Tc)

9

-eriod T# s

-eriod T# s

-eriod T# s


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(5) he response spectra calc!lated in accordance with relationships (2:1) and (2:2) shall $e !sed

in the calc!lations carried o!t to assess the safet" of water enineerin str!ct!res !sed in da% facilities

(?):

() he spectra shall $e applied for seis%ic actions that are horiContal in the %ost !nfavo!ra$le

str!ct!ral response direction(s) specified in the followin chapters for vario!s water enineerin

str!ct!res !sed in retention facilities:

(+) 7or water enineerin str!ct!res !sed in retention facilities that are located in the relativevicinit" of earth!aBe epicentres# verifications shall also $e carried o!t for the vertical co%ponent of the

seis%ic action: he peaB acceleration for the vertical co%ponent av shall $e deter%ined with

relationship (2:3)# !nless otherwise reco%%endedD

av 0:5 a (2:3)

(8) he acceleration elastic response spectr!% for the vertical co%ponent of the seis%ic action

K?v#a() shall $e deter%ined with the followin relationshipD

?v#a() avM() (2:&)

(9) 7i!re 2:5 shows the Cones of seis%ic haCard d!e to cr!stal earth!aBes in 'o%ania: If

response spectra specific to these Cones are created# which are certified $" official doc!%ents# these

spectra shall $e !sed in the desin calc!lations:

igure 2 Territor$ of omania, showing the ;ones of seismic ha;ard due to crustal earth


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(11) he level of seis%ic haCard deter%ined in accordance with the a$ove relationships is the

%ini%!% level that %!st $e taBen into consideration when desinin water retention str!ct!res:

2.3. 7or da%s or da% enineerin str!ct!res (which create water retention) $elonin to

i%portance classes I or II (?A? &2+383) or i%portance cateories A# 6 for new worBs (for the desin

stae) (NL021)# the level of seis%ic haCard within the site (a # c) shall $e deter%ined $" %eans of a

special seis%icit" s!rve" of the site $ased on thoro!h eoloical# h"droeoloical and eoph"sicalst!dies# as well as statistical seis%oloical research and st!dies:

2.4. he site seis%ic s!rve" shall $e drawn !p in order to create a detailed seis%ic Conin and

%icroConin of the reion where the water enineerin str!ct!re is located and deter%ine the $asic

earth!aBe para%eters:

his s!rve" %!st incl!de the followin dataD

(1) A description of the str!ct!ral and seis%otectonic eoloical conditions present within the

reion where the water enineerin str!ct!re is located# at reional scale (100.300 B%)# represented on

%aps and eoloical crosssections# as well as eoloical# tectonic and electro%etric $locB diara%s:

(2) A description of the local eo%orpholoical and eoph"sical conditions present within the

site of the water enineerin str!ct!re# represented on eoloical and eoph"sical profiles $ased ondrillin and eoph"sical tests relatin to the seis%ic wave velocities (=sand =") and strata densit":

(3) he eotechnical characteristics of the s!perficial ro!nd strata (lonit!dinal =/d and

transverse =>d lonit!dinal d"na%ic %od!li of elasticit"# propaation velocities ==s and =="#

da%pin =Q) and their stressrelated variation:

(&) A description of the local seis%ic conditions# as well as the seis%otectonic Cones which

affect the site# specif"in the foc!s points and epicentres# their seis%ic characteristics (%ai%!%

accelerations# intensit"# earth!aBe fre!enc"# %anit!defre!enc" relationship# seis%ic deree of the

site)# as well as the seis%ic intensit" coefficients of the desin earth!aBes (c a/ where is the

ravitational acceleration) of the water enineerin str!ct!re for the operatin $asis earth!aBe (;6)

and the %ai%!% credi$le earth!aBe (,4):

(5) -ri%ar" historical data o$tained $" direct o$servation and $" recordin stron# %edi!% and

weaB earth!aBes at the seis%ic stations installed within the reion or Cone $ein st!died# or in areas

with si%ilar eoloical and eod"na%ic propertiesD

a) %ai%!% acceleration# velocit" and displace%ent a%plit!deF

$) spatial characterisation of the seis%ic %ove%ent (ratio $etween the acceleration a%plit!des in

different directions# spatial correlation characteristics)F

c) the historical envelope of the %ove%ent over ti%e# for the two $od" waves (- and ?) and the

s!rface wavesF

d) total d!ration of the seis%ic eventD d!ration of the sinificant part of the %ove%ent and the

n!%$er of sinificant c"clesF

e) the periods of the two %ain phases of the seis%ic %ove%ent (T"and Ts)Ff) the interval of ti%e lapsed fro% the $einnin of the phase !ntil the %ai%!% val!e is

reached# for the two t"pes of waves (*o?# *o-):

() he spectral co%position of a stron seis%ic %ove%ent within the site $ein st!died shall $e

predicted $ased on the followin dataD

a) a deter%ination of the nat!ral periods of the ro!nd str!ct!reF the nat!ral periods of the

ro!nd !nder low stresses will sinificantl" increase in the event of a stron earth!aBe# d!e to ro!nd

da%aeF for nonrocB" terrain# the !antitative assess%ent %ethod !sed to deter%ine the increase in the

nat!ral periods shall $e $ased on the variation c!rves of the transverse ro!nd defor%ation %od!l!s

=>d as a f!nction of the specific an!lar defor%ation =RF

$) recordins of stron earth!aBes that occ!rred within the areaF

c) data fro% specialist literat!re:

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(+) he seis%ic s!rve" %!st taBe into consideration the risB of seis%ic pheno%ena occ!rrin d!e

to the storae reservoirs created $" water retention facilities# as well as the %odification of certain

seis%ic para%eters d!rin the reservoir fillin and operatin periods:

2.5.In accordance with the international ter%inolo"# the earth!aBes that are fre!entl" taBen

into consideration in the seis%ic anal"sis of water enineerin str!ct!res !sed in da% facilities are ,4(,ai%!% 4redi$le arth!aBe)# ? (?afet" val!ation arth!aBe) and ;6 (;peratin 6asis

arth!aBe): ;ther t"pical earth!aBes incl!ded in the international ter%inolo" are defined in Anne

A:

(1) ,4 is the earth!aBe that wo!ld ca!se the hihest possi$le level of ro!nd %ove%ent

within the site# dependin on the eoloical conditions:

(2) A ? is an earth!aBe which enerates the hihest level of ro!nd %ove%ent for which a

catastrophic r!pt!rin of the da% does not occ!r: A ? can $e# at the li%it# e!al to the ,4 or a

certain proportion of the ,4# or can $e deter%ined as a f!nction of the ret!rn period of earth!aBes of

a certain intensit" within the site:

(3) ;6 is an earth!aBe which is liBel" to occ!r# on averae# no %ore than once thro!ho!t the

epected service life of the str!ct!re ($!t not less than 100 "ears# dependin on the service life of thewater enineerin str!ct!res !sed in the da% facilities): nder the action of an ;6# the da% and its

a!iliar" str!ct!res %!st re%ain operational# $!t co!ld need repairs:

(&) he ro!nd %ove%ent can $e characterised $" the peaB or effective acceleration# velocit" or

displace%ent val!es:

(5) he peaB ro!nd acceleration (-A) is the %ai%!% freefield acceleration occ!rrin in an"

horiContal direction d!rin an earth!aBe: he peaB acceleration lasts for an etre%el" short period of

ti%e# since it !s!all" occ!rs in one or two of the hihfre!enc" seis%ic oscillations and# therefore#

contains a s%all a%o!nt of ener": he enineerin %eanin of -A is s!$Eect to de$ate: In eneral# a

para%eter $ased on the eval!ation of the earth!aBe ener" which# in %ost cases# is 0:5 -A can $e

accepted as a para%eter of the seis%ic acceleration:

() he effective peaB acceleration is the peaB acceleration after the seis%ic %ove%ent recordin

(accelerora%) has $een filtered in order to re%ove !ltrahihfre!enc" oscillations which onl" have a

s%all infl!ence on the str!ct!ral response:

2.&. he desin earth!aBe of a water enineerin str!ct!re shall $e deter%ined as a f!nction of

the peaB ro!nd acceleration (a) and the class or cateor" of i%portance of the respective str!ct!re:

(1) 7or water enineerin str!ct!res $elonin to the i%portance classes III# IJ or J or the

cateories of i%portance 4 and *# a sinle intensit" level shall $e esta$lished for the desin earth!aBe#

na%el" the operatin $asis earth!aBe (;6):

(2) 7or water enineerin str!ct!res $elonin to the i%portance classes I or II or the cateories

of i%portance A and 6# two intensit" levels shall $e esta$lished for the desin earth!aBes# na%el"D theoperatin $asis earth!aBe (;6) and the safet" eval!ation earth!aBe (?):

(3) a$le 21 ives the %ai%!% seis%ic acceleration val!es for the operatin $asis earth!aBe

(an;6) as a f!nction of the peaB ro!nd acceleration (a) within the site# in accordance with re!lation

-1001 and dependin on the class or cateor" of i%portance of the water enineerin str!ct!re:

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a$le 21

4lass or cateor" of i%portance

of the water enineerin str!ct!re

,ai%!% seis%ic acceleration for

;6 (an;6)

I or A# for new str!ct!res 0:28 a$!t not less than 0:12

II or 6# for new str!ct!res 0:28 a$!t not less than 0:10

III or 4# for new str!ct!res 0:28 a$!t not less than 0:08

IJ or *# for new str!ct!res 0:2& a$!t not less than 0:0J 0:2& a$!t not less than 0:05

(&) he %ai%!% seis%ic acceleration of the desin ;6 earth!aBe shall $e deter%ined $"

taBin into consideration the hihest val!e res!ltin fro% the two deter%inations ($ased on the

i%portance class and $ased on the i%portance cateor"# respectivel"):

(5) he %ai%!% seis%ic acceleration of the desin ;6 earth!aBe for da% enineerin

str!ct!res $elonin to i%portance classes I or II or the cateories of i%portance A and 6# which are

located in Cones where the peaB ro!nd acceleration (a ) within the site is# in accordance with re!lation

-1001# e!al to or hiher than 0:35# shall also $e deter%ined $ased on additional anal"ses so that the

val!es iven in a$le 21 can $e increased if necessar":

2.%: 7or water enineerin str!ct!res $elonin to i%portance classes I or II or cateories of

i%portance A and 6 for which two intensit" levels of the desin earth!aBe are esta$lished# the

%ai%!% acceleration of the safet" eval!ation earth!aBe (?) shall $e deter%ined in accordance with

- 1001 or $ased on a site seis%ic s!rve"# in accordance with a$le 22:

a$le 22

4lass/cateor" of i%portance of the

water enineerin str!ct!re

?

,ai%!% seis%ic acceleration

I or A# for new str!ct!resII or 6# for new str!ct!res a in accordance with - 1001 orthe %ai%!% acceleration in

accordance with the site seis%ic s!rve"

3. eismic design and calculation of !ater engineering structures used in

dam facilities. tructure'reservoir'foundation ground interaction

3.1.he seis%ic desin of water enineerin str!ct!res !sed in da% facilities consists of creatin

str!ct!ral shapes which# toether with the fo!ndation and s!rro!ndin environ%ent# help %eet the

followin perfor%ance criteria !nder the %ost econo%ical conditionsD

a) a satisfactor" str!ct!ral and f!nctional $ehavio!r# witho!t an" sinificant deradation !nderthe action of vario!s stresses# incl!din seis%ic stresses# whose occ!rrence thro!ho!t the service life of

the str!ct!re is considered nor%alF

$) acceptance of certain str!ct!ral and f!nctional deteriorations which do not enerate

!ncontrolled water dischares fro% the storae reservoir or catastrophic r!pt!res# and do not EeopardiCe

str!ct!ral safet" !nder conditions of eceptional stress:

(1) he deradations that can $e tolerated in the case of da%s %ade of concrete# rolled concrete

or sta$ilised $allast incl!de s%all (li%ited) re%nant displace%ents# li%ited s!rface fiss!res and certain

increases of the infiltration rates: In the case of rocBfill da%s# an" settlin areas occ!rrin at crest level

%!st $e s%aller than the safet" !ards# an" potential fiss!res %!st not lead to concentrated infiltrations

acco%panied $" da%pin of the internal erosion pheno%enon# and the increased water press!re in the

13


14/98

pores in the sat!rated areas within the $od" or fo!ndation of the da% %!st not lead to the occ!rrence of

li!efaction (c"clic %o$ilit") pheno%ena or the loss of sta$ilit" of the overall da%fo!ndation ro!nd

asse%$l":

3.2 he seis%ic assess%ent of water retention str!ct!res sho!ld incl!de risB %anae%ent and

risB anal"sis: hese %ethods can $e !sed as s!pport in the followin sit!ationsD

a) prioritisin on safet" assess%ents when a lare n!%$er of da%s are taBen into considerationF$) assessin the $enefits of vario!s alternative restoration %eas!resF

c) selectin the loadin levels and assessin the str!ct!ral response:

'isB %anae%ent and risB anal"sis can also $e !sed as part of eneral seis%ic eval!ations to

help %aBe final decisions:

3.3 he seis%ic desin ai%s to li%it the level of deradation and da%ae# as well as to prevent

the collapse of str!ct!ral and nonstr!ct!ral ele%ents# e!ip%ent and installations# in order toD

a) prevent personal inE!ries or the loss of h!%an livesF

$) avoid the discontin!ation of an" activities and services which are essential in order to

%aintain the contin!it" of social and econo%ic life d!rin and i%%ediatel" after an earth!aBeF

c) prevent the destr!ction or deradation of certain hihl"val!a$le c!lt!ral and artistic assetsFd) prevent the release of certain danero!s s!$stances (toic# eplosive# etc:)F

e) li%it an" %aterial da%ae:

3.4 he calc!lation %ethods!sed in the str!ct!ral seis%ic anal"ses shall $e chosen in correlation

with the class and cateor" of i%portance of the da% str!ct!re and the entr" data availa$le

(seis%otectonic data# para%eters of the freefield seis%ic %ove%ent# onsite investiations): he deree

of acc!rac" of the anal"ses shall increase proressivel"# the initial anal"sis $ein $ased on the si%plest

conservative %ethods which correspond to the pro$le%: ihl" acc!rate str!ct!ral anal"ses %!st taBe

into consideration data o$tained $" carr"in o!t specific onsite investiations# and not val!es taBen

fro% literat!re:

3.5he %eas!res which ens!re the antiseis%ic protection of water enineerin str!ct!res !sed

in da% facilities shall $e taBen into consideration d!rin all constr!ction staes of these str!ct!resD

desin# constr!ction# operation:

(1) he followin %eas!res shall $e taBen d!rin seis%ic desinD

a) choosin sites which are favo!ra$le in ter%s of the seis%ic $ehavio!r of the str!ct!rero!nd

s"ste% and avoidin $!ildin the fo!ndation on !nfavo!ra$le terrainF if a pro$le%atic site cannot $e

avoided# %eas!res shall $e taBen to i%prove the fo!ndation conditions on the $asis of special s!rve"sF

$) ens!rin that the overall desin of the str!ct!re ena$les it to have favo!ra$le $ehavio!r d!rin

earth!aBes# as well as the creation of a clear calc!lation %odelF

c) constr!ctin the s!pportin str!ct!re so that it %eets the strenth# sta$ilit"# riidit" andd!ctilit" para%eters# in accordance with the provisions stip!lated in this nor%ative doc!%ent:

(1) he followin %eas!res shall $e i%ple%ented d!rin the constr!ction of the str!ct!resD

a) !sin $!ildin %aterials/prod!cts whose !alit" para%eters are si%ilar to those stip!lated in

the desin enineerin doc!%ents# in accordance with the provisions of the applica$le specific

leislation in forceF

$) !sin s!ita$le $!ildin technoloiesF

c) %aBin s!re that the str!ct!ral details stip!lated in the desin are co%plied with on site:

(1) hen operatin the str!ct!res# constant attention shall $e paid in order toD

a) adopt operatin and %aintenance %eas!res which co%pl" with the operatin r!les and help

the str!ct!re retain its entire strenthF

1&


15/98

$) %onitor the technical condition of the str!ct!re over ti%e so that an" potential da%ae can $e

detected earl" and the ca!ses and conse!ences of s!ch da%ae can $e re%ovedF

c) intervene pro%ptl" on the str!ct!re or its operatin conditions# as necessar":

3.& he seis%ic desin of water enineerin str!ct!res ai%s toD

(1) -rovide s!ita$le overall desin of the str!ct!re# $"D

a) choosin favo!ra$le str!ct!ral shapes# $oth in plane and in elevation# avoidin an" rossdiscontin!ities and ens!rin the har%onio!s distri$!tion of the %asses and riidities# correspondin to

the f!nctions of the water enineerin str!ct!reF

$) ens!rin the correct la"o!t and confor%ation of the str!ct!ral ele%ents and overall str!ct!re#

the nonload$earin co%ponents as well as all e!ip%ent and installation ho!sed inside the $!ildinF

c) avoidin an" !ncontrolled interactions with potential !nfavo!ra$le effects $etween the s"ste%

co%ponents# $etween the str!ct!ral and nonstr!ct!ral ele%ents (downstrea% da% and plant) and

$etween co%ponents with ver" different riiditiesF

d) correctl" locatin and confi!rin the a!iliar" str!ct!res which ens!re the operation and

safet" of the s"ste% (water inlets# spillwa"s# pipes# alleries):

(2) ns!re a s!fficient level of riidit" that can restrict all a$sol!te and relative displace%ents

occ!rrin d!e to interaction with the other s"ste% co%ponents to per%issi$le val!es:(3) ;$tain favo!ra$le str!ct!ral %echanis%s for dissipatin ener" (seis%ic isolators#

plasticisin %echanis%s# earth!aBea$sor$in co%ponents) !nder hih intensit" seis%ic actions: his

o$Eective i%pliesD

a) !idin the Cones that are liBel" to !ndero stresses within the postelastic rane %ainl" in

Cones or ele%ents which# d!e to the nat!re of the stress# displa" constant level of d!ctilit" or whose

r!pt!re wo!ld not pose a threat to the overall sta$ilit" of the str!ct!re and which can $e repaired witho!t

ecessive technical effort and costsF

$) when the occ!rrence of postelastic rane defor%ation stresses in ele%ents or Cones which do

not $elon to the a$ove%entioned cateor" cannot $e avoided# these stresses %!st $e re%oved to

prevent the risB of str!ct!ral collapse or the risB of an" deradation that wo!ld inc!r sinificant

epenses for the repair worBsF

c) choosin a siCe and/or str!ct!ral la"o!t that prevents pre%at!re $rittle r!pt!resF

d) the str!ct!re of the potential plastic Cones %!st ens!re a s!fficient postelastic defor%ation

capacit" and the %ost sta$le h"steretic $ehavio!r possi$leF

e) special attention shall $e paid to the postelastic anal"sis of the fo!ndation ro!nd and ro!nd

str!ct!re contact Cone# especiall" the concreterocBfill contact Cone# which can have a sinificant

infl!ence on the $ehavio!r and safet" of the s"ste%:

3.% ?eis%ic actions %anifestin thro!h ro!nd oscillations $elon to the cateor" of

eceptional actions and prod!ce the followin t"pes of loadsD

(1) inertial forces d!e to the %ass of the str!ct!re# as well as the %asses connected to thestr!ct!re which are prod!ced d!e to per%anent ravitational loads (technoloical and net loads)F

(2) h"drod"na%ic press!res (in addition to h"drostatic press!res) d!e to the oscillation of the

li!id %ass inside the reservoir and the h"droelastic interaction with the str!ct!re# which oscillates and

!nderoes elastic defor%ationF

(3) d"na%ic thr!st of the ro!nd and rocBfill:

3.6he seis%ic calc!lation %ethods reco%%ended in this nor%ative doc!%ent are# in eneral#

applica$le to all t"pes of water enineerin str!ct!res:

(1) he o$Eect of the calc!lations is the !nitar" str!ct!rereservoirfo!ndation ro!nd s"ste%#

$oth fro% a siCin point of view and fro% a verification point of view:

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16/98

(2) In eneral# seis%ic calc!lations re!ire the !se of specific calc!lation prora%%es validated

$" enineerin practiceF the nor%ative doc!%ent is %ainl" foc!sin on this# and the calc!lations are

!s!all" $ased on the finite ele%ent %ethod:

(3) he entr" data needed in order to carr" o!t seis%ic calc!lations are the followinD

a) the eo%etrical ele%ents of the str!ct!reF

$) eoloical# h"droeoloical and %orpholoical data a$o!t the siteF

c) the static and d"na%ic ph"sico%echanical characteristics of the %aterialsFd) the desin seis%ic para%eters of the site:

3.7 he seis%ic calc!lations shall %ainl" consist ofD

a) strenth calc!lations (stress and defor%ation state)F

$) slidin or overt!rnin sta$ilit" calc!lations:

(1) he slidin sta$ilit" calc!lations shall $e carried o!t !sin the li%it e!ili$ri!% %ethod and

the finite ele%ent %ethod $ased on the stress state:

(2) 7or rocBfill da%s# the calc!lations shall also foc!s on assessin the li!efaction risB and the

re%nant seis%ic displace%ents:

3.10 he seis%ic calc!lations can $e carried o!t !sin one or %ore of the followin anal"sis%ethodsD

a) pse!dostaticF

$) spectral anal"sis (%odal anal"sis !sin seis%ic response spectra)F

c) a %odal anal"sis which interates !nco!pled e!ationsF

d) a d"na%ic anal"sis which !ses n!%erical ti%e interationF

(1) he pse!dostatic %ethods and the %odal anal"sis %ethods shall $e !sed for the linear elastic

$ehavio!r of the s"ste% $ein anal"sedF nonlinear spectra can also $e !sed in the spectral %ethodF the

n!%erical ti%e interation %ethod can $e !sed $oth in the elastic and the nonelastic linear $ehavio!r

rane# on the $asis of str!ct!ral $ehavio!r laws of the %aterials co%pati$le with the calc!lation %ethod

and prora%%e:

3.11 he pse!dostatic anal"sis %ethod can $e !sed in strenth and sta$ilit" calc!lations !sin

the li%it e!ili$ri!% %ethodD

(1) for str!ct!res $elonin to i%portance classes I and II or i%portance cateories A and 6# the

%ethod can onl" $e !sed for preli%inar" assess%ents d!rin the initial staes of the proEect (pre

feasi$ilit"# feasi$ilit")F

(2) for str!ct!res $elonin to classes III# IJ and J or i%portance cateories 4 and *# the

%ethod can $e !sed d!rin an" stae of i%ple%entation of the proEect:

(3) for slidin sta$ilit" calc!lations# the %ethod can $e !sed d!rin all staes of i%ple%entation

of the proEect# reardless of the i%portance class or cateor" of the str!ct!re# si%!ltaneo!sl" with other

anal"sis %ethods:

3.12 he pse!dostatic anal"sis %ethod i%plies %aEor si%plifications d!rin calc!lation#

acceptin that the seis%ic acceleration at the $ase of the str!ct!re re%ains constant for the entire heiht

of the str!ct!re:

(1) In the calc!lations# the inertial forces ind!ced $" the earth!aBe fro% the str!ct!ral %ass and

the h"drod"na%ic forces shall $e considered static loads !nli%ited over ti%e: he anal"sis also taBes

into acco!nt the riid $od" %otion of the da%# as well as the inco%pressi$le water: he da%fo!ndation

rocB interaction or the a$sor$in effect of the %aterials in the $otto% or $anBs of the reservoir shall not

$e taBen into consideration: he inertial forces shall $e calc!lated !sin the ro!nd accelerations in

correspondin directions (!pstrea%downstrea% or valle"valle" horiContal direction# vertical direction)

and shall then $e applied to the centres of ravit" of the vol!%es in which the str!ct!re was diitised:

1


17/98

(2) he h"drod"na%ic forces shall $e esti%ated !sin the esteraard and Sanar relationships#

or other e!ivalent relationships: he slidin sta$ilit" of the da% shall $e verified for the h"pothesis that

the %ai%!% desin horiContal and vertical accelerations (if taBen into consideration) occ!r

si%!ltaneo!sl":

(3) he pse!dostatic anal"sis %ethod is conservative for the followin h"pothesesD

a) the seis%ic load is contin!o!s (!nli%ited over ti%e)F

$) the da%pin is inoredFc) the ener" a$sorption thro!h the da%# fo!ndation ro!nd# $otto% and $anBs of the reservoir

is inoredF

d) the %ai%!% horiContal and vertical accelerations (if taBen into consideration in the

calc!lation) are applied si%!ltaneo!sl":

(&) he %ethod is nonconservative d!e to the fact that the a%plification of the response

accelerations alon the heiht of the str!ct!re (in elevation)# which can $e sinificant even for low

heiht da%s# is not taBen into consideration:

3.13he pse!dostatic %ethod shall onl" $e !sed to assess the sta$ilit" and strenth of da%

enineerin str!ct!res !nder the action of an ;6 (operatin $asis earth!aBe):

3.14 he spectral anal"sis %ethod (a %odal anal"sis !sin seis%ic response spectra) has the

followin eneral and specific ele%entsD

(1) the calc!lations are carried o!t in the linear elastic raneF

(2) the %ethod is $ased on pro$a$ilisticall" addin !p the %ai%!% str!ct!ral responses in each

sinificant nat!ral %ode of vi$ration# for an earth!aBe co%pati$le with the site and represented $" the

seis%ic response spectr!%F

(3) the nor%alised spectra scaled to the site acceleration in accordance with - 1001 shall $e !sed

for water enineerin str!ct!res !sed in da% facilities# in accordance with the provisions stip!lated in

4hapter 2 of this nor%ative doc!%ent: 7or water retention str!ct!res $elonin to i%portance classes I

and II or i%portance cateories A and 6# the calc!lation spectra can $e o$tained $" %eans of a seis%ic

site s!rve"# in which case the s%oothed spectral envelope shall $e !sed:

he spectral anal"sis re!ires the followin entr" dataD

(1) the eo%etr" of the str!ct!re# with the sinificant data (fro% the point of view of its riidit")F

the finite ele%ent %odel of the str!ct!reF

(2) the site ro!nd %orpholo"# with details which co!ld infl!ence the response of the s"ste%

(e:: ravines# crests# overhans# prot!$erances)F

(3) the d"na%ic ph"sico%echanical characteristics of the da% %aterials# na%el"D /d# TdF the

vol!%etric weiht of the str!ct!ral %aterialsF da%pin as a fraction or percentae of the critical da%pin

(Q)F since Q can onl" $e deter%ined eperi%entall" =a posteriori# val!es shall $e taBen fro% literat!re or

eperience acc!%!lated d!rin other si%ilar worBs and shall $e !sed d!rin the desin staeF in thea$sence of s!ch data# the val!es iven in a$le 31 can $e !sedD

a$le 31

7raction of critical da%pin (Q)

?"ste% $ein anal"sed ;6 ?

4oncrete da% 0:02 0:05 0:0& 0:0+

*a% %ade of local %aterials 0:05 0:12 0:0+ 0:15

7o!ndation ro!nd 0:05 0:12 0:08 0:20

(&) for concrete# in the a$sence of deter%inations carried o!t on la$orator" sa%ples or in sit!# the

val!es accepted for /dshall $e within the rane 25 000.3+0 000 daN/c%2(correspondin to the static

1+


18/98

val!es 200 000.250 000 daN/c%2)# whilst the val!es of the d"na%ic -oisson factor (Td) shall $e within

the rane 0:22.0:2 F

(5) for %aterials !sed for the earth fill# in the a$sence of an" la$orator" or onsite deter%inations#

the data o$tained $" si%!latin the constr!ction (nonlinear static calc!lation) can $e !sed# providin

that the" are corrected (%!ltiplied) $" coefficients which taBe into acco!nt the d"na%ic nat!re of the

stressF the %ean d"na%ic %od!l!s can also $e !sed if deter%ined $" eoph"sical %ethodsF

() for str!ct!res $elonin to i%portance classes I and II or i%portance cateories A and 6#indicative data (/d# Td) can onl" $e !sed for the prefeasi$ilit" and feasi$ilit" phasesF the net phases

re!ire specific onsite and la$orator" st!dies to $e carried o!t in order to deter%ine the data to $e !sed

for calc!lationF

(+) the fo!ndation ro!nd shall onl" $e entered in the calc!lations thro!h its riidit"# and its

%asses shall $e considered n!ll:

3.15 he direct n!%erical ti%e interation %ethod consists in the s!ccessive# step$"step

te%poral assess%ent of the response of the str!ct!re to the seis%ic action introd!ced as a discreet ti%e

f!nction (!s!all" accelerations occ!rrin at ver" short intervals of ti%e):

(1) he direct n!%erical ti%e interation %ethod shall $e e!all" applica$le for the linear and

nonlinear elastic $ehavio!r of the %aterials:(2) Linear elastic calc!lations# which are partic!larl" applica$le to concrete or %etallic str!ct!res

fo!nded on nor%al or riid ro!nd# re!ire the followin entr" dataD

a) the diitisation of the finite ele%ent %odelF

$) the d"na%ic elastic characteristics of the %aterials %aBin !p the s"ste% (da%# fo!ndation

ro!nd# etc:)# as well as the d"na%ic %od!l!s of elasticit" (/d)# the d"na%ic -oisson ratio (Td)# the

da%pin that can $e deter%ined fro% the da%pin rate (Qd) for vario!s nat!ral %odes !sin the 'a"leih

%odelF

c) vol!%etric weihts for %aterialsF

d) additional %asses calc!lated fro% h"drod"na%ic press!res and concentrated in the nodes of

contact with the li!id# with co%ponents in the directions of the lo$al s"ste% aesF

e) the directions of action of the accelerora%F

f) the artificial (s"nthetic) or recorded accelerora% that is co%pati$le with the site# scaled to the

level re!ired for calc!lation# which can $e ;6/?F

) the accelerora% can $e iven on the s!rface of the $ase rocB or at ro!nd levelF the

accelerora% correspondin to the $ase of the fo!ndation ro!nd %odelled in the calc!lation#

deter%ined for the finite ele%ent %odel# as well as for statistical calc!lation: he ro!nd level

accelerora% shall $e deconvol!ted thro!h the fo!ndation ro!nd so that it can $e assessed at the $ase

of the diitisation of the fo!ndation ro!nd:

3.1& he str!ct!reli!id interaction in the spectral anal"sis %ethod shall $e deter%ined in

accordance with the principle of additional %asses# which %eans acceptin the h"pothesis of the idealand inco%pressi$le li!id: In the direct n!%erical interation %ethod# the str!ct!reli!id interaction

can $e deter%ined $oth in accordance with the principle of additional %asses and $" !sin the

s!$s"ste% anal"sis %ethod: he str!ct!reli!idfo!ndation ro!nd interaction sho!ld $e deter%ined

!sin the s!$s"ste% anal"sis %ethod:

(1) he s!$s"ste% anal"sis %ethod i%plies the diitisation of each s!$s"ste% (da%# storae

reservoir# fo!ndation ro!nd) of the !nitar" str!ct!reli!idfo!ndation s"ste% !sin specific n!%erical

%ethods (finite ele%ents# finite differences# $o!ndar" ele%ents)# as well as an anal"sis of the seis%ic

$ehavio!r of the s!$s"ste% accordin to its own $ehavio!r laws:

(2) ?o%e partic!lar s!$s"ste%s can $e approached anal"ticall": he !nit" of the s"ste% shall $e

o$tained $" i%ple%entin the re!ire%ents reardin the si%!ltaneo!s te%poral e!alit" of the

18


19/98

response fro% vario!s s!$s"ste%s in the connection nodes located $etween the%: he worBin %ethod

is iterative and shall $e applied as part of the n!%erical ti%e interation %ethod:

19


20/98

4. eismic calculation of dams made of concrete and local materials

4.1he %ost sinificant safet" pro$le%s occ!rrin in concrete da%s stressed $" earth!aBes are

enerated $" ecessive cracBin# which can lead to potential insta$ilit" d!e to slidin or overt!rnin

(dislocation): ?lidin can occ!r on eistin# less resistant s!rfaces within the $od" or fo!ndation of the

da%# or s!rfaces created as a res!lt of ecessive cracBin of the concrete or concretefo!ndation

interface d!e to earth!aBes: In arch da%s# slidin insta$ilit" is %ore liBel" to occ!r at the o!tlets# in thearea where the da% is s!pported into the slopes:

4.2 he seis%ic safet" of rocBfill da%s shall %ainl" depend on the level of crest settlin ind!ced

$" earth!aBes# which %!st not lead to the overflowin and erosion of the da%s and the occ!rrence of

transversal cracBs (fiss!res) that co!ld ca!se concentrated infiltrations and erosion of the da% $od":

4.3he seis%ic calc!lation of da%s %ade of concrete and local %aterials can e%plo" all the

seis%ic calc!lation %ethods presented in 4hapter 3# as well as other %ethods specific to different t"pes

of da%s (re%nant displace%ents# li!efaction anal"ses# etc:):

(1) he calc!lation %ethod shall $e chosen dependin on the class or cateor" of i%portance of

the da%# as well as its co%pletion or eistence stae (st!dies# desin# operation# postearth!aBe) andthe t"pe of the da%: 7i!res &:1 and &:2 show $locB diara%s of the calc!lations that %!st $e carried o!t

d!rin the antiseis%ic desin of concrete and rocBfill da%s:

4.4he direction of action of the desin earth!aBe shall nor%all" $e horiContal# !pstrea%

downstrea%: 7or da%s located in relative vicinit" to seis%ic foc!s points (/U 1:5?# where/is the

distance $etween the da% site and the foc!s point epicentre# and ?is the depth of the foc!s point)# the

vertical co%ponent of the earth!aBe shall also $e taBen into considerationF this shall $e e!al to 50

of the horiContal co%ponent:

(1) 7or $!ttress or arch da%s# the valle"valle" horiContal co%ponent (perpendic!lar to the ais

of the valle") shall also $e taBen into consideration and shall $e e!al to the !pstrea%downstrea%

horiContal co%ponent (alon the valle"):

(2) If several directions of action of an earth!aBe on the sa%e da% are taBen into consideration#

the earth!aBe co%ponents shall $e considered to act separatel"# if a spectral anal"sis or pse!dostatic

calc!lation %ethod is !sed: In these sit!ations# the response of the str!ct!re to each co%ponent shall $e

anal"sed independentl" and shall not $e added !p:

(3) In the direct n!%erical ti%e interation %ethod# the co%ponents of a desin earth!aBe

which occ!r in several directions (accelerora%s# tachora%s# seis%ora%s) can also $e applied

si%!ltaneo!sl":

20


21/98

igure :1 .loc4 diagram regarding the anal$ses re


22/98

igure :2 .loc4 diagram regarding the anal$ses re


23/98

4.6 'ectilinear da%s (ecept for hollow ravit" da%s and $!ttress da%s) constr!cted in relativel"

lare valle"s (ratio $etween the valle" apert!re at the crest @cand the heiht of the da%?.#@c/?.U 3.

&) shall !ndero seis%ic anal"sis in their transversal profile (twodi%ensional anal"sis)# !s!all" for the

%ai%!% heiht profile:

(1) ollow ravit" and $!ttress da%s shall also $e anal"sed !nder the action of a lonit!dinal

earth!aBe !pon the da%# parallel to the ais of its crest:(2) *!e to their specific confi!ration# arch da%s shall onl" !ndero a threedi%ensional

anal"sis:

(3) A threedi%ensional anal"sis sho!ld also $e !sed to assess the seis%ic $ehavio!r of concrete

and rocBfill da%s constr!cted in relativel" narrow valle"s (@c /?.U 3.&)# in order to deter%ine the

effect of the slopes on the str!ct!ral response:

4.7he seis%ic response to ;6 shall $e calc!lated !sin the pse!dostatic %ethod for da%s

$elonin to i%portance classes III# IJ# J or i%portance cateories 4# * reardless of their stae of

co%pletion (desin) or eistence (in operation# !nder s!rve"# postearth!aBe anal"sis):

(1) he seis%ic response to ;6 of concrete da%s $elonin to i%portance classes I# II or

i%portance cateories A# 6 shall $e calc!lated !sin the pse!dostatic %ethod for the initial phases (prefeasi$ilit"# feasi$ilit") of the da% constr!ction process onl": 7or concrete da%s that are at the technical

desin stae# or d!rin the s!rve" and postearth!aBe anal"sis of eistin da%s# the ;6 response

shall $e calc!lated !sin the spectral anal"sis or direct n!%erical ti%e interation %ethods: 7or rocBfill

da%s $elonin to i%portance class I# II or i%portance cateories A and 6# the pse!dostatic %ethod can

$e !sed reardless of the stae of co%pletion or eistence of the respective da%s:

(2) he seis%ic response of concrete da%s to ? shall onl" $e calc!lated !sin the spectral

anal"sis or direct n!%erical ti%e interation %ethods !sin# as %!ch as possi$le# nonlinear spectra in

the spectral anal"sis %ethod or nonlinear elastoplastic laws for the $ehavio!r of the %aterials in the

direct n!%erical interation %ethod:

(3) 7or da%s %ade of local %aterials# the seis%ic response to ? shall $e calc!lated $oth !sin

the spectral anal"sis or step$"step n!%erical ti%e interation %ethods# as well as specific proced!res

for deter%inin the re%nant seis%ic displace%ents# the li!efaction risB and the slidin sta$ilit" of the

$anBs:

(&) 7or da%s with a %ai%!% heiht of over 80 %# the risB of seis%icit" occ!rrin on site d!e to

the storae reservoirs shall $e taBen into consideration# and the respective da%s shall !ndero a

technical s!rve":

4.10 ?tatistical or si%plified relationships for deter%inin the nat!ral f!nda%ental periods of

da%s# accordin to their t"pe# or a!iliar" str!ct!res of s!ch da%s are iven in a$le &1: he val!es are

iven for !idance onl"# to help select the nat!ral %odes that have sinificant response effects in the

spectral anal"sis %ethod or help choose the calc!lation step (Wt) in the direct n!%erical interation%ethod:

a$le &1

23


24/98

"pe of

str!ct!re

7!nda%ental periods

1 (s) Notations

ravit" da%s

g/.

?T

#

## = 12

)3+#1:::95#1(2

1

?# heiht of the da%

6 profile $ase width

$ vol!%etric weiht of the concrete

$ %od!l!s of elasticit" of the concrete

ravitational acceleration# 9:81 %/s26!ttress da%s

#

#

/-T

= &1

* $!ttress width on the !pper side

$ %od!l!s of elasticit" of the concrete

X# densit" of the concrete

Arch da%s 10:1Y0:2 (?#/ 100)#

1 0:5 1

1 f!nda%ental period when the reservoir is

f!ll

?# heiht of the da%

1 f!nda%ental period when the reservoir is

e%pt"

'ocBfill da%s

pstrea%

downstrea%

direction

*irection

perpendic!lar to

the valle"

Jertical direction

1 0:5 ?#/ 100

1 0:&5 ?#/ 100

1 0:3 ?#/ 100

?# heiht of the da%

arthfill da%s 1 2:2 ?#/ J? ?# heiht of the da%

J? secondar" wave velocit"

thro!h the fillin

IntaBe towers#

7!nnel spillwa"s

1 2(,/H)0:5

1 2((, Y ,h)/H)0:5

, %ass concentrated in the centre

of ravit"H $endin riidit" of the

str!ct!re

,h additional %ass of the water

(1) he nat!ral %odes selected when !sin the spectral anal"sis %ethod sho!ld $e those whose

participation coefficients are at least 0:05 in one of the directions of the d"na%ic derees of freedo%

taBen into consideration: Nor%all"# this re!ire%ent can lead to the selection of 10.20 nat!ral %odes for

rocBfill or concrete ravit" da%s# and 20.50 nat!ral %odes for arch da%s:

(2) hen !sin the direct n!%erical interation %ethod# the calc!lation step (W t) %!st not

eceed 0:10.:0:12 of the val!e of the shortest nat!ral period of the da% which is considered to have a

sinificant infl!ence on the response: his re!ire%ent shall lead to !idance val!es of the calc!lationsteps Wt 0:01.0:02 s for concrete da%s# and Wt 0:02.0:10 s for rocBfill da%s:

4.11 he str!ct!reli!id interaction occ!rrin in concrete da%s sho!ld $e deter%ined in

accordance with the principle of additional %asses !sed for ;6 anal"sis:

(1) he effect of the h"drod"na%ic press!res on the seis%ic response of rocBfill da%s is

insinificant and can $e inored:

(2) he (active/passive) d"na%ic press!res created in the fo!ndation ro!nd can also $e

%odelled as additional %asses attached to the Eoint str!ct!refo!ndation ro!nd nodes# proEected in the

directions of the derees of freedo% in the respective nodes:

(3) Annees 4# * and provide ea%ples of the calc!lation relationships to $e !sed in the

pse!dostatic %ethod (Anne 4)# as well as the relationships !sed to deter%ine the h"drod"na%ic

2&


25/98

press!res ind!ced $" earth!aBes (Anne *) and the seis%ic press!res developed in the fo!ndation

ro!nd (Anne ): hese are iven as a reco%%endation onl":

(&) Also# the ea%ples of seis%ic anal"ses iven in Annees 7 and are intended to help !sers

i%ple%ent the nor%ative doc!%ent:

4.12he $asic seis%ic calc!lations re!ired for an ;6 action are those presented in Article &:9:

7or concrete da%s# the slidin sta$ilit" and defor%ationstress state shall $e anal"sed: 7or rocBfill da%s#the slidin sta$ilit" and per%anent displace%ents (settlin) ca!sed $" an earth!aBe shall have priorit"

d!rin anal"sis: he anal"sis shall also $e etended to incl!de the slidin sta$ilit" of the fo!ndation and

slopes of the da%# as well as the reservoir $asin:

(1) he response para%eters reco%%ended for eval!ation in the event of an ? action are as

followsD

a) for concrete da%sD the risB of developin cracBs (fiss!res) which# at the li%it# wo!ld penetrate

the crosssection of the da% and dislocate ele%ents fro% the da% $od"# openin (fiss!rin) of the

inEected Eoints of arch da%s and# event!all"# fract!rin of the overhanin ele%ents# dislocation of the

slopes# cracBin of the areas where s!dden chanes in riidit" (aller" corners# cavities in the da% $od"#

da%fo!ndation contact s!rface# etc:) occ!r# and relative slidin $etween the rocB areas in the da%

fo!ndation# which are separated $" fa!lts activated $" the earth!aBe:$) for rocBfill da%sD the risB of crest settlin (dislocations) that eceeds the safet" !ards# which

wo!ld lead to spillae of the da% and its destr!ction $" erosion# the risB of cracBs occ!rrin# in

partic!lar cracBs that r!n transversall" thro!h the da%# which wo!ld lead to !ncontrolled water

dischares fro% the laBe and# event!all"# erosion of the da%# slidindislocation of the $anBs and slopes

located on fa!lts activated $" the earth!aBe:

4.13 arthfill da%s which are fo!nded on waterloed sand" soils or are %ade of ran!lar non

cohesive %aterials with rain siCes of 0:02.2:00 %% or created $" h"dra!lic sedi%entation %!st $e

calc!lated for li!efaction# $oth !nder an ;6 action and an ? action:

(1) Li!efaction is a pheno%enon in which waterloed sand" ran!lar %aterials lose their load

$earin capacit" !nder the action of c"clic d"na%ic loads d!e to a water press!re increase in the pores:

(2) he %ain factors which infl!ence li!efaction areD the ran!lo%etric c!rve of the %aterial#

the relative densit" and the initial stress state:

(3) he anal"ses shall $e carried o!t !sin specific calc!lation prora%%es validated $"

enineerin practice and shall $e $ased on la$orator" tests reardin the n!%$er of c"cles in which

li!efaction occ!rs and/or standard ro!nd penetration tests:

a) In the first instance# the slidin sta$ilit" of the da% or the da%fo!ndation ro!nd s"ste%# as

applica$le# shall $e deter%ined !sin the li%it e!ili$ri!% %ethodF the sta$ilit" calc!lations shall $e

carried o!t in postearth!aBe conditions# for static loadsF in Cones where the %aterials are epected to

!ndero li!efaction# the shear strenth of these %aterials shall $e considered in the calc!lations to $e

e!al to the resid!al strenth in !ndrained conditions:$) If the sta$ilit" factors deter%ined in accordance with the reco%%endations iven in -oint (a)

are s!$!nitar"# the sta$ilit" shall $e deter%ined !sin the co%plete d"na%ic %ethod for ti%e interation

of the co!pled e!ations for nonlinear %otion and transient press!re evol!tion rei%en of the water in

the poresF the da% sta$ilit" shall $e esti%ated as a f!nction of the ind!ced re%nant defor%ations:

4.14he calc!lations %!st confir% that the da%s $ein anal"sed %eet the perfor%ance criteria

dependin on the co%$inations of loads considered: In the event of an ;6 action# sliht da%ae

(fiss!res# s%all re%nant displace%ents# sliht increases in the level of infiltrations) that co!ld re!ire

repairs at no sinificant cost shall $e per%itted# $!t the da% %!st re%ain operational: In the event of an

? action# da%ae that that re!ires repairs shall $e per%itted# provided that it does not lead to

!ncontrolla$le dischares of water fro% the reservoir or "ieldin of the da%:

25


26/98

(1) he $asic criteria that help eval!ate the perfor%ance of concrete da%s !nder the action of

desin earth!aBes are the followinD the per%issi$le fle!ral co%pressive and tensile strenth val!es

%!st not $e eceededF the safet" coefficients o$tained $" %eans of slidin sta$ilit" calc!lations %!st $e

s!per!nitar":

(2) he per%issi$le fle!ral co%pressive strenth of the concrete !nder d"na%ic (seis%ic) loads

cdshall $e considered to $e 50 hiher than the per%issi$le e!ivalent strenth of the concrete !nder

static loadscsF however# it %!st eceed 20 ,-aD

cd %in (1:50cs# 20 ,-a)

(3) he per%issi$le fle!ral tensile strenth of the concrete !nder d"na%ic loads (id) shall $e

considered to $e 10 ofcd

id 0:10cd

(&) he slidin safet" coefficients for the critical slidin s!rfaces (which are the %ost eposed to

slidin) sho!ld $e within the 1:00.1:05 rane:

(5) he $asic criteria that help eval!ate the perfor%ance of rocBfill da%s !nder the action ofdesin earth!aBes are the followinD the safet" coefficients o$tained $" %eans of slidin sta$ilit"

calc!lations %!st $e s!per!nitar"F an" crest settlin ca!sed $" earth!aBes %!st not eceed the safet"

!ards:

() he $asic perfor%ance criterion for earthfill da%s or sites with the potential of !nderoin

li!efaction shall $e to prevent li!efaction !nder the action of an ;6: 7or an ??# the perfor%ance

criterion shall $e deter%ined in accordance with the provisions stip!lated in &:13(a) and ($):

(+) he slidin safet" coefficients for the critical slidin s!rfaces (which are the %ost eposed to

slidin)# $oth in the $od" of a rocBfill da% and the fo!ndation# sho!ld $e within the 1:00.1:10 rane:

(8) he %ai%!% crest settlin ca!sed $" desin earth!aBes %!st not eceed 80 of the siCe

of the safet" !ards provided:

(9) If the depth of the slidin s!rfaces is s%aller than the face of rocBfill da%s (s!perficial slidin

s!rfaces)# s!$!nitar" safet" coefficients shall also $e per%itted# providin that the" are not s%aller than

0:90:

4.15 Local and isolated eceedance of the per%issi$le stresses in the calc!lations carried o!t

!sin the finite ele%ent process in spectral anal"sis %ethod or the %ethod of direct n!%erical

interation within the linear elastic $ehavio!r rane of the %aterials shall $e per%issi$le if the ecess

stresses can $e redistri$!ted to the neih$o!rin Cones or the cracBs that the" co!ld enerate wo!ld not

have a sinificant effect on str!ct!ral safet": hese shall $e accepted $" %eans of a practical enineerin

anal"sis of their conse!ences# $ased on historical cases and eistin eperience:

4.1& he seis%ic anal"ses stip!lated in this nor%ative doc!%ent shall onl" !se specialised

calc!lation prora%%es verified $" enineerin practice:

5. eismic calculation of au8iliar) !ater engineering structures used in dam

facilities

5.1 ntroduction

(1) he destr!ction of a!iliar" water enineerin str!ct!res !sed in da% facilities# s!ch as hih

water spillwa"s# water inlets# $otto% dischare cond!its# forced pipes# ates and naviation locBs can

2


27/98

lead to !ncontrolled water dischares into the tailwater pool: herefore# the seis%ic safet" of s!ch

a!iliar" water enineerin str!ct!res %!st $e caref!ll" anal"sed:

(2) he %ost i%portant factor in deter%inin the deree of antiseis%ic protection of a!iliar"

water enineerin str!ct!res !sed in da% facilities shall depend on the conse!ences that the destr!ction

of s!ch a str!ct!re wo!ld have# i:e: whether its destr!ction wo!ld lead to an !ncontrolled dischare of

the water fro% the storae reservoir:

(3) he traditional seis%ic anal"sis %ethods Z pse!dostatic# spectral# n!%erical ti%einteration Z presented in 4hapter 3 shall also appl" to a!iliar" water enineerin str!ct!res !sed in

da% facilities: If retainin f!nctionalit" is essential# s!ch as in the case of %echanical and electrical

e!ip%ent# seis%ic !alification thro!h testin is necessar":

(&) 'eardless on the anal"sis %ethod chosen# the final assess%ent of the seis%ic safet" sho!ld

$e $ased on enineerin E!de%ent and the eperience of si%ilar str!ct!res# iven the fact that each

str!ct!re and its environ%ent are !ni!e:

5.2 Design calculation of high'!ater spill!a)s

(1) Nor%all"# hihwater spillwa"s are str!ct!res %ade of reinforced concrete: s!all"# the

seis%ic loads $elon to %ost !nfavo!ra$le load co%$inations that condition the desin of s!chstr!ct!res: A hihwater spillwa" is %ade !p of three %ain t"pes of str!ct!resD the intaBe (circ!lar front

weir)# the transport str!ct!re (channel# case# aller") and the end str!ct!re (ener" dissipation $asin# end

weir sill# co!nterslope pool# taBeoff):

(2) he co%$ination of loads that incl!des the seis%ic load shall also incl!deD the h"drostatic

and h"drod"na%ic loads correspondin to the nor%al retention li%it (N'L) in the reservoir# the

te%perat!re loads eperienced d!rin the etre%e %onths (7e$r!ar"#

e%$anB%ents adEacent to the str!ct!res:

(3) In calc!lations# the fraction of critical da%pin (da%pin rate) sho!ld $e considered to have

val!es $etween 2.5 :

(&) he local safet" factors of h"dra!lic str!ct!res shall $e deter%ined $" co%parin the

effective %ai%!% stresses with the li%it stresses# $oth for the concrete and the reinforce%ents: hen

the seis%ic load is considered# the per%issi$le stresses can $e 50.80 hiher than the nor%al stresses

per%itted for f!nda%ental load co%$inations:

(5) hen deter%inin the seis%ic loads# the safet" factors !sed to carr" o!t slidin and/or

overt!rnin sta$ilit" verifications sho!ld $e $etween 1:00.1:15:

() he load$earin co%ponents of hihwater spillwa"s whose destr!ction co!ld lead to

!ncontrolled water dischares fro% the reservoir %!st !ndero verification at ?: In all other

sit!ations# the load$earin co%ponents of hihwater spillwa"s shall $e s!$Eect to verification at ;6:

he safet" factors deter%ined $" co%parin the %ai%!% effective stresses with the stresses

per%issi$le for the sl!ice ates !sed in weirs sho!ld $e at least 1:1 for ? and at least 1:5 for ;6: hesl!ice ates %!st also !ndero verification at li%it defor%ations# to prevent the% fro% ettin st!cB in

the weir fields:

5.3 9ater carrier pipes sluice gates and valves

(1) ater carrier pipes# s!ch as cond!its# forced pipes# alleries and low press!re water o!tlets

%!st $e relia$le and ens!re the !icB and controlled drainae of the reservoir sho!ld it $e necessar":

he desin of the water carrier pipes %!st not ca!se r!pt!res or co%pro%ise the nor%al operation of the

da% or its fo!ndation: In addition# for reservoirs !sed to s!ppl" drinBin water to pop!lated areas# the

operatin safet" of the s"ste% of pipes# sl!ice ates and valves shall $e an essential factor in the s!ppl"

2+


28/98

of drinBin water and the deliver" of water for p!ttin o!t fires and other postseis%ic recover"

activities:

(2) he eperience acc!%!lated in t!nnels s!$Eected to lare earth!aBes has shown that these

have ver" ood $ehavio!r: ven t!nnels $!ilt in soft ro!nd $ehaved ver" well if provided with a certain

deree of flei$ilit" and Eoints alon their str!ct!re: he %ost fre!ent fail!res occ!rrin in t!nnels

affected their portals:

(3) If the fail!re of water carrier pipes# sl!ice ates or valves does not lead to !ncontrolled waterdischares fro% the reservoir# these shall !ndero a seis%ic ;6 verification !sin the per%issi$le

stress criterion: he provisions stip!lated in nor%ative doc!%ent -1001 sho!ld $e applied:

(&) he antiseis%ic desin of sl!ice ates and valves shall taBe into acco!nt the a%plification of

the seis%ic %ove%ent alon the heiht of the da%# as well as the connections with the %echanical and

electrical e!ip%ent: herefore# certain differentiated displace%ents ca!sed $" seis%ic vi$ration %!st

$e accepted on the fo!ndatione!ip%ent interfaces and $etween vario!s co%ponents of the %echanical

and electrical e!ip%ent: his e!ip%ent %!st re%ain operational even if the earth!aBe has ca!sed

certain resid!al per%anent displace%ents: he e%erenc" power s!ppl" !nits and switch$oards %!st $e

installed on fo!ndations or stron walls that can resist the desin earth!aBe:

(5) In Cones with a ver" hih level of seis%icit"# a!to%atic s"ste%s sho!ld $e provided to close

the flow control valves or sl!ice ates of the s"ste%s !sed to carr" (dischare) water fro% the reservoir:

5.4 nta:e to!ers. ;unnel spill!a)s

(1) In eneral# intaBe towers consist of the followin str!ct!ral ele%entsD the act!al intaBe tower#

the water carrier t!nnel (pipe) or aller"# the end str!ct!re and the $ride that ena$les access to the

tower: 7!nnel spillwa"s with tall towers contain the sa%e str!ct!ral ele%ents as intaBe towers and

co%pl" with co%para$le antiseis%ic desin re!ire%ents:

(2) owers which are $!ried in the $od" of earthfill da%s interact d"na%icall" with the %aterial

in which the" are e%$edded: ,ost towers are i%%ersed# for %!ch of their heiht# in the water in the

reservoir: he effects of the h"drod"na%ic interaction are ver" i%portant: ?o%eti%es# water can also $e

fo!nd inside the towers# which also affects the seis%ic response:

(3) he seis%ic anal"sis of intaBe towers shall depend on their nat!ral vi$ration characteristics:

;!tlet towers that have low heiht# relativel" lare dia%eters and thicB walls (f!nda%ental fre!enc" f1V 33 C) $ehave liBe !asiriid $odies and their seis%ic response can $e convenientl" assessed !sin

the pse!dostatic %ethod: he f!nda%ental period of tall or flei$le towers shall nor%all" $e within a

rane where %ai%!% spectral a%plifications occ!r# which re!ire the i%ple%entation of a d"na%ic

anal"sis %ethod (spectral anal"sis or n!%erical ti%e interation):

5.5 Navigation loc:s

(1) Naviation locBs !sed in da% facilities have the followin essential co%ponentsD !pstrea%and downstrea% waitin ports# !pstrea% and downstrea% ends# locB cha%$er# h"dra!lic fillin and

e%pt"in s"ste%s which incl!de sl!ice valves# !pstrea% and downstrea% ates# the h"dro%echanical

and electrical control s"ste%: In eneral# %odern locBs are str!ct!res %ade of reinforced concrete:

(2) *!rin seis%ic calc!lation# the worBin cha%$er of the locB (locB cha%$er) can $e

considered e!ivalent to a rectan!lar $asin filled with water: his wa"# the d"na%ic seis%ic calc!lation

%ethods !sed for rectan!lar water storae $asins can also $e !sed for locB cha%$ers:

(3) he iss!e posed $" the str!ct!reli!id interaction is i%portant: 6oth t"pes of h"drod"na%ic

press!res Z i%p!lsive press!res enerated $" the acceleration response and convective press!res

enerated $" the displace%ent response Z %!st $e taBen into consideration d!rin the desin stae:

(&) he str!ct!reli!id interaction for the acceleration response (i%p!lsive %ass) can $e

deter%ined in accordance with the principle of additional %asses: ;nce the additional %asses have $een

28


29/98

deter%ined# the anal"sis can $e contin!ed !sin the spectral anal"sis or direct n!%erical interation

%ethod: 7or the displace%ent response (convective %ass)# the anal"sis can onl" $e carried o!t !sin the

n!%erical ti%e interation %ethod:

(5) 4alc!lation proced!res that are si%ilar to those !sed for %etallic str!ct!res can also $e !sed

for the seis%ic calc!lation of locB ates: he ates can $e considered si%ilar to flat sla$s or $ars with

s!ita$le s!pportin conditions:

() 6eca!se the electro%echanical e!ip%ent of the locB (sl!ice valves# h"dra!lic circ!its#electric switch$oard) is essential for the operation of the locB# it %!st $e seis%icall" !alified: he

e!ip%ent %!st $e s!ita$l" anchored onto the floor or walls and %!st resist the desin seis%ic loads:

29


30/98

&. eismic calculation of tailings dams and d):es

&.1 he $ehavio!r of downstrea% and centreline tailins da%s and d"Bes is si%ilar to the

$ehavio!r of rocBfill da%s !sed for water storae: pstrea% tailins da%s are the %ost v!lnera$le to

seis%ic action:

&.2he %ain factors which infl!ence the seis%ic $ehavio!r of tailins da%s and d"Bes areDa) the epicentral distance and %anit!de of the earth!aBe: he stresses can $e hihl" a%plified

if the do%inant periods of the earth!aBe that are filtered thro!h the ro!nd coincide with the nat!ral

fre!encies of the da% or its fo!ndationF

$) the e%$anB%ent slopesF

c) the position of the infiltration c!rve for the $od" and sho!lders of the da%F

d) width of the la"er of deposited %aterials which separates the da% fro% the clarified water on

the s!rface after the waste has settledF

e) the characteristics and deree of consolidation of waste with a ran!lar content si%ilar to

sandsF

f) the fre!enc" content# the n!%$er of hih acceleration peaBs and the d!ration of the

earth!aBe:(1) he presence or a$sence of a s%all pond (pool) on the s!rface of the deposits shall red!ce the

risB of the da% "ieldin and %ini%ise the level of downstea% destr!ction ca!sed sho!ld the da% "ield:

(2) Lowerin the position of the da% $od" infiltration c!rve $" !sin ade!ate drainae s"ste%s#

increasin the deree of consolidation of the deposits# and the potential increase of the shear strenth of

the %aterials within the storae $asinda% d!e to aein are factors which i%prove the seis%ic

perfor%ance of tailins da%s and d"Bes:

&.3: An" anal"sis of the seis%ic $ehavio!r of tailins da%s and d"Bes %!st incl!deD

a) an assess%ent of the re%nant horiContal displace%ents and settlin ca!sed $" the seis%ic

actionF

$) a calc!lation of the water press!re increase in the pores and the risB of li!efactionF

c) an assess%ent of the oscillations of the water linerin on the s!rface of the storae $asin

and/or an" !nconsolidated wasteF

d) a calc!lation of the profo!nd and s!perficial slidin sta$ilit" of the $anBsF

e) an assess%ent of the risB of internal and eternal erosions (d!e to dischare)F

f) an assess%ent of the increase in the infiltration vol!%esF

) an assess%ent of the floods ca!sed $" aps occ!rrin in the $od" of the da%:

&.4All tailins da%s and d"Bes shall $e calc!lated for the operatin $asis earth!aBe (;6):

A;6#*shall correspond to the hihest res!ltin val!e $etween 0:& a (identical to a;6for da%s !sed for

water storae facilities)# the earth!aBe with an eceedance pro$a$ilit" of 10 for a period of 50 "earsand the earth!aBe with an ann!al eceedance period of 1 to &+5# respectivel": ailins da%s and d"Bes

%!st re%ain operational after an ;6# and onl" s!perficial fail!res that do not re!ire costl"

interventions shall $e per%itted:

&.5ailins da%s and d"Bes $elonin to i%portance classes I and II or i%portance cateories A

and 6 shall also $e calc!lated for the safet" eval!ation earth!aBe (?): a?#*shall correspond to the

hihest res!ltin val!e $etween aand the %ai%!% acceleration deter%ined $" carr"in o!t onsite

seis%ic s!rve"s# which are co%p!lsor" in s!ch sit!ations: In the event of the action of an ?# certain

fail!res shall $e per%issi$le providin that the da% retains its sta$ilit" and interit"# and !ncontrolled

dischares of water or r!nn" (!nconsolidated) waste into the tailwater pool are prevented:

30


31/98

&.&7or tailins da%s with a heiht of %ore than 80 %# which are constr!cted on sites with lare

tectonic dist!r$ances (fa!lts# fiss!res# $reccias# etc:)# the risB of occ!rrence of seis%ic pheno%ena d!e to

the storae of waste shall $e assessed:

&.%It is per%issi$le to !se the pse!dostatic %ethod to anal"se the seis%ic sta$ilit" of tailins

da%s and d"Bes %ade of riprap# cohesive soils or wellco%pacted dense sands (* rV 0:8)# which s!ffer

s%all strenth losses when eposed to seis%ic action: he re%nant displace%ents ca!sed $" earth!aBescan $e assessed !sin the New%arB %ethod (195):

&.6 ailins da%s and d"Bes with %edi!% densit" sands (*r[ 0:8) in the $od" or fo!ndation of

the da% shall re!ire special thoro!h anal"ses# which proress fro% si%pler to %ore refined anal"ses

dependin on the i%portance of the str!ct!re and the res!lts o$tained d!rin the s!ccessive anal"sis

staes: hese anal"ses can $e# in ascendin order of their costs and co%pleit"# as followsD

a) sta$ilit" anal"ses carried o!t $ased on the li%it e!ili$ri!% and the pse!dostatic %ethodF

$) si%plified seis%ic sta$ilit" anal"sisF

c) seis%ic sta$ilit" anal"sis !sin the finite ele%ent process:

(1) As part of these anal"ses# special attention shall $e paid to the risB of the da% (d"Be) losin

its sta$ilit" d!e to total (partial) li!efaction of certain Cones within the da%fo!ndation ro!ndwastestorae $asin s"ste%:

%. #onstruction of dams in seismic


32/98

(3) La%ellas shall onl" $e concreted !nder the s!pervision of the technical %anaer and the

$eneficiar"\s representative# who shall record the wa" in which the worBs are carried o!t in the la%ella

concretin sheet:

(&) hen carr"in o!t fillin worBs# the ran!lo%etric co%position and deree of co%paction

stip!lated shall $e ens!red in accordance with the fillin co%paction and advance%ent technolo": he

!alit" control of the %aterials shall $e carried o!t $" the contractor $" taBin sa%ples on a s"ste%atic

$asis# in accordance with the specifications: he proress of the constr!ction worBs shall $e doc!%entsin dail" data sheets that constit!te doc!%ents to $e incl!ded in the Lo 6ooB of the str!ct!re:

(5) All %etallic str!ct!res shall onl" $e installed in accordance with the installation desin drawn

!p $" a specialist co%pan"# which shall incl!deD the %ain elevation heihts of the str!ct!re (control

heihts)# the order in which the vario!s co%ponents %!st $e installed and the order in which the Eoints

%!st $e %ade# the devices and e!ip%ent !sed# etc:

+.4 he personnel worBin in water retention str!ct!res located in seis%ic Cones shall receive

special trainin on how to act in the event of %aEor seis%ic events: he e%erenc" action plan shall also

stip!late the sit!ation enerated $" a %aEor seis%ic event:

%.5 he antiseis%ic str!ct!ral %eas!res can $e ro!ped into eneral %eas!res and specific%eas!res:

(1) eneral %eas!res shall incl!de the proced!res for choosin the site and t"pe of da%# as well

as the processes i%ple%ented in order to ens!re ver" ood !alit" of the a$ove%entioned constr!ction

worBs:

+.& he specific antiseis%ic str!ct!ral %eas!res shall larel" depend on the t"pe of da% $ein

$!ilt:

(1) he shapes selected for concrete da%s shall $e as har%onio!s as possi$le# %aBin s!re to

avoid s!dden chanes in the face slopes# eo%etries or riidities: he alleries and cavities inside the

da% $od" shall $e red!ced in n!%$er and in ter%s of crosssectional s!rface areas# and their corners

shall $e ro!nded:

(2) he centre of ravit" of the transverse profile of ravit" da%s sho!ld $e as low as possi$le#

which can $e achieved $" s!ita$le opti%isation of the crosssection# to red!ce the overt!rnin %o%ents

ca!sed $" the seis%ic inertial forces developed within the %ass of the da%:

(3) he special str!ct!ral %eas!res adopted for $!ttress da%s %!st lead to an increase in the

lonit!dinal sta$ilit" of the da%: herefore# the followin %eas!res can $e taBenD closin the $!ttresses

downstrea%# fo!ndin the $!ttresses on independent sole plates placed net to each other# installin

$!ttons adEacent to the toe of the $!ttresses# encasin the $!ttresses# installin lonit!dinal wind $racin

diaphra%s or irders:

(&) Arch da%s are h"perstatic str!ct!res with ver" ood $ehavio!r !nder seis%ic stress: he

specific str!ct!ral %eas!res adopted for these t"pes of da%s incl!de the provision of special dissipativeele%ents consistin of shrinBae Eoints that are partiall" noninEected and tied toether at the crest with a

reinforced concrete irder# as well as the prestressin of certain Cones of the da% $od"# the closin

a$!t%ents in the $anBs and the $anBs# in order to li%it the risB of cracBin:

(5) he specific %eas!res adopted for rocBfill da%s are desined to retain the f!nctionalit" of the

sealin ele%ents# which are vital for the safet" of the da%s: 4racBin of the sealin ele%ents can lead to

!ncontrolled water losses and the initiation of severe erosion pheno%ena: he reinforced concrete

!ards can $e %ade of several la"ers with staered Eoints: 4ores %ade of cla"e" %aterials sho!ld have

hih plastic !alities and $e relativel" thicB to prevent their perforation d!e to cracBin:

() he slidin sta$ilit" of rocBfill da%s can $e i%proved $" red!cin the declivit" of the faces#

fra%entin the e%$anB%ents !sin sta$ilisin $er%s# partiall" or f!ll" $allastin the e%$anB%ents

32


33/98

with dr" %asonr" %ade of $locBs of rocB# and installin sta$ilisin $enches at the heel and toe of the

da%:

(+) o prevent the da% fro% overflowin d!e to ecessive crest settlin ca!sed $" earth!aBes#

the crest safet" !ards of rocBfill da%s located in Cones with hih seis%icit" shall $e increased $" 25.

50 :

(8) In eneral# li!efia$le %aterials cannot $e !sed in the fo!ndation or $od" of rocBfill da%s: If

re%ovin s!ch %aterials is too costl"# their deree of pacBin shall $e increased (r A0:8#r relativedensit") !sin ade!ate constr!ctive %eas!res:

(9) he desin of the new rocBfill da%s shall stip!late the !se of seis%ic isolators and seis%o

a$sor$in la"ers: hese str!ct!ral ele%ents have the role of a$sor$in a hiher portion of the earth!aBe

ener"# whilst red!cin the earth!aBe ener" which acts !pon the $od" of the da%:

(10) ;ther specific str!ct!ral %eas!res that can $e taBen for a!iliar" water enineerin

str!ct!res !sed in da% facilities were presented in 4hapter 5:

6. urveillance and monitoring of dam engineering structures *uilt in

seismic


34/98

installations and networB s"ste%s whose displace%ent or fallin co!ld lead to f!nctional dist!r$ances or

even the loss of h!%an life shall $e anchored to sec!red fied ele%ents in a s!ita$le %anner:

6.&he e%erenc" warninalar% plans drawn !p for water retention str!ct!res# when these

str!ct!res are located in Cones with a seis%icit" of at least JII ,?H# shall also incl!de the %eas!res that

%!st $e taBen d!rin and i%%ediatel" after hih intensit" seis%ic events:

7. Restoration !or:s for !ater engineering structures affected *)

earth=ua:es

7.1: he restoration worBs carried o!t for water enineerin str!ct!res affected $" earth!aBes

are intended to ret!rn the str!ct!res $ein restored to safet" levels close to those that the" had $efore

the" were affected $" the earth!aBes:

(1) A si%ple# !icB and nondestr!ctive %ethod of checBin the efficienc" of the restoration

worBs is to carr" o!t onsite %eas!re%ents of the free vi$ration characteristics (nat!ral periods Y nat!ral

shapes) of the str!ct!re $ein restored: he first nat!ral %odes (nat!ral periods Y nat!ral shapes) of the

str!ct!re $ein restored %!st $e as si%ilar as possi$le to the ones the str!ct!re had $efore the

earth!aBe:

(2) he latter are Bnown d!e to the d"na%ic identification carried o!t d!rin the operation of the

respective str!ct!re in accordance with Article 8:2 of this nor%ative doc!%ent:

7.2he decision to restore certain da% enineerin str!ct!res affected $" earth!aBes shall $e

taBen on the $asis of the concl!sions drawn and reco%%endations iss!ed in the technical s!rve" report:

If the re!ired costs wo!ld $e too hih and econo%icall" nonE!stified# water enineerin str!ct!res that

have $een severel" affected $" earth!aBes co!ld $e de%olished (deco%%issioned):

7.3 here is a lare variet" of restoration worBs# dependin on the t"pe of da%ae s!ffered $"

the str!ct!re: he %ost fre!ent restoration worBs are specified $elow:(1) cessive infiltrations that occ!r in rocB" fo!ndations shall $e red!ced $" %eans of sealin

inEections of ce%ent sl!rr" or other verified s!$stances# after the %ain infiltration ro!tes have $een

deter%ined !sin specific proced!res:

(2) If an" fiss!res occ!rrin in the $od" of concrete da%s or the a!iliar" concrete str!ct!res of

rocBfill da%s pose a threat to the safet" of the da% or enerate f!nctional dist!r$ances (infiltrations)#

the" shall $e inEected with epo" resins or other s!$stances that will increase the strenth (shear# tensile)

on the respective fiss!re# at the level within the concrete %ass: he sol!tions adopted for lare fiss!res

(cracBs)# especiall" horiContal fiss!res occ!rrin in the !pper reion of concrete da%s# shall ens!re pre

co%pression in the direction perpendic!lar to the s!rface of the fiss!res# !sin prestressed anchors:

(3) An" rocB areas that have $eco%e dislocated or have slid fro% the $anBs shall $e re%oved $"

rippin or shall $e anchored# if the second sol!tion is %ore econo%ical and provides a s!ita$le level ofsafet":

(&) he slidin sta$ilit" of ravit" da%s can $e i%proved $" reinforcin the toe of the da%: he

lonit!dinal sta$ilit" of $!ttress da%s can $e i%proved $" installin fo!ndation %ats or diaphra%s#

placed net to each other# at $!ttress level:

(5) he slidin sta$ilit" of the $anBs of rocBfill da%s can $e i%proved $" softenin their slope#

as well as $" installin additional $er%s or sta$ilisin $enches at the $ase of the $anB:

() An" rocBfill Cones that have slid or have $eco%e dislocated shall $e re%oved and the riprap

shall then $e restored !sin a s!ita$le technolo":

(+) he dr"in of certain Cones of the $od" of rocBfill da%s $" red!cin the elevation heiht of

the infiltration c!rve can $e achieved $" carr"in o!t special drainae worBs in the area of the toe

(drainae alleries# drainae pipes# deep co!nter cond!its in the area adEacent to the toe of the da%# etc:):

3&


35/98

(8) he sealin ele%ents# s!ch as sealin !ards# !sed in rocBfill da%s which have lost their

f!nctionalit" d!e to cracBin# can $e restored $" appl"in a leaBtiht %e%$rane %ade of s"nthetic

%aterials on the !pstrea% face: he sa%e sol!tion can also $e !sed for concrete or rolled concrete da%s

that have $een severel" fiss!red and eperience an ecessive level of infiltration:

7.47or da% enineerin str!ct!res or their reinforced concrete or %etallic str!ct!ral ele%ents

that can $e assi%ilated to the str!ct!res or str!ct!ral ele%ents stip!lated in nor%ative doc!%ent -1003#all restoration worBs carried o!t after an earth!aBe shall co%pl" with the provisions stip!lated in this

nor%ative doc!%ent:

10. Reference documents

(1) his nor%ative doc!%ent shall $e enforced in correlation with the provisions of the

nor%ative doc!%ents in the field of water enineerin# environ%ental protection# constr!ctions and land

i%prove%ent# as well as the applica$le specific technical re!lations in force# as followsD

te

m

No

tandards Name

1: ?' N 19981D200&

?' N 19981D200&/A4D2010

?' N 19981D200&/NAD2008

?' N 19982D200

?'

Documents

Seism Baraje Np 076-2012 Ro