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all the acts that helped our constituent assembly to form the constitution
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Segment 01
Indian
Constitution
~
PaperIII-GsII Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and
International relations
Unit: 01 Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution,
features, amendments, significant provisions and basic
structure
Evolution of Indian Constitution
~
BaartIya saMivaQaana ka
k`imak ivakasa
Presented by:
Shekhawat
G.
Referred Book:
Polity by M. Lakshmikant , NCERT books &
other sources
Biggest ever written constitution
One of its kind
Guarded by the Supreme Court
(150+ years)
History/
Elizabeth-1 EIC 1600 (/ monopoly)
to trade in Asia
EIC = British East India Company {other EICs were also there like
Portuguese, Dutch}
1612 Base
1600 -1757
1757 Robert Clive (Clerk, later on First ever Governor)
BEIC / they became rulers instead
of traders
British parliament enforced its laws on BEIC
Parliament wanted taxes, BEIC wanted loot (Mercantilism/ )
1858
and then started the era / series of legislatures and procedures in India
till Indian Independence Act, 1947
(dominion state)
Development of Indian Constitution
/ BEIC {1773-1858 }
/Crown {1858-1947 }
1) 31/12/1600 ( ) ( )
BEIC tax BEIC
2) 1612 BASE .
3) 1612-1757 => BEIC
4) 1757=> Battle of Plassey
BEIC got the rights to collect Land Revenue (- )
from Meer jafar
Robert Clive became Governor (earlier was a clerk)
5) BEIC rule begins: {1773-1858 }
6) Regulating act/ , 1773:
( / )
1. Warren Hastings (GGB): Governor of Bengal Gov. Gen of Bengal (first)
2. Governor of madras, Bombay came under GG of Bengal
3. Restrictions on EIC from taking Gift, personal trade & bribes
4. council of four / (to help Gov.
Gen) by EICs COD ( ) {
COD EIC }
5. SC @ Calcutta , (CJ + 3 J)
7) Pitts India Act, 1784:
( )
1. 1781 act of settlement (remove the fault in 1773 act)
2. EIC commercial (surpervised by COD) Political (surpervised by
board of control/ )
3. BOC now controls Civil, military & revenue
4. Area under EIC called British India
5. Parliament fully controls EICs administration
8) Charter Act, 1793: Renewal of Royal Charter (31/12/1600)
for 20 years
1.
2. 3
3. -- 1786 (: )
4.
5. 20
6. (Royal mendate) GG governers
/
7. {GG so}GG
, governers
(GG and governors are different)
8. EIC (privileged trade = EIC
) (
)
9) Charter Act, 1813: Renewal for 20 more years
1. EIC 20
2. (commercial monopoly) ,
(1833 )
3.
4.
10) GOI Act, 1833 (Charter Act)
BEIC
1. BEIC (commercial activities)
; now only an
administrative body
2. Early laws: /regulating act; post laws: Acts/
3. GG GG / GGI (first: )
4. ( )
GGI (@ )
5. GG (GG in council) COD (court of directors )
()
6. GGI (special legislative
powers) ,
7. (civil servants) {Post, employment, office}
but COD refused
8. GGI (executive) (legislative) -
( COD of EIC
; 3 ( )
)
11) GOI Act, 1853: ( ) (last
charter act) (1793, 1813, 1833, 1853)
1. EIC
(ex. )
2. COD 24 18 , 6
3. COD (power of patronage =
)
4.
6. Civil services were open for Indians => 1854 maculae committee
formed
7. GG
8. GGEC (Gov.Gens Executive council)
6 ( = woked like mini parliament)-
CJSC @ Calcutta , judge of SC@calcutta, bombay-madras-bangal-
NWP(agra) { -
RS }
12) Indian Freedom Struggle, 1857:
Will be taken in Other segments
13) GOI Act, 1858: (original plan was 1873 but 1857 sipoy
mutiny/freedoms struggle/ )
{= }
1. 1857 PM
.
2. GOI Act, 1853
3. EICs nationalization / ()
4.
5. GGI ( COD ) Viceroy (
) ( council of
GGI)
6. Lord Canning = First Viceroy
7. (Public life)
8. { }
9. SOS ( ), member of British cabinet, sitting in London, had
his own council
10. (SOS) COD , 15
president = SOS.
11. ICS SOS {? }
12. Main aim of this act: Improvement of the administrative machinery
14) Indian councils Act, 1861 (
(like loksabha, RS))
1857
. 1861 1892 & 1909 3
1.
2. Viceroy (cabinet run
of portfolio system)
3. 6 - home,revenue, military, law,
vitt/finance, lok karya/public works
4. {finance= policy making, revenue= tax collection}
5. Viceroy (1879 )
[Viceroy
]
6. Madras & Bombay presidencys : (1833
)
7. - ..
8. (legislative council) - -
9. GG (just like
UTs in India now & delhi LG)
10. 1885, Congress
15) Indian Councils Act, 1892:
1. , INC
2. (Non Officials)
3. , , ,
/municipality
4. ( PM
members - question hours)
5. 24 5
16) Indian Councils Act, 1909 :
(morle {sos}-minto {viceroy}- reform
1. Central LC => 60 members (early 16) { reform =
}
2. 1905 ( ) /unstable
1909
3. INC
4. (LC)
Exofficio = (president = defense supreme commander, vice-prez = speaker of RS )
Exofficio = (president = defense supreme commander, vice-prez = speaker of RS )
5. 2 + GGEC ( )
6. ; 1919
7. Rise of the Congress (cause subsidiary alliance), - first-pass-the-post system/
---
8. Lord minto=>
17) Indian Councils Act, 1919 :
(montage{sos}-chelmsford {viceroy}- reform { })
(LS & RS)
1. ()
2.
3. ( )
imperial = ; lower house= ; upper house = ; LA =
4. 1928
1930 .
() .
November 1928 .
Simon Commission:
1. GOI act 1919, 10
2. All members were british
3.
4. Round table conferences occurred to sort it out
Communal awards/ :
1. Separate electorates for all (H,M,S,I even dalits)
2. Gandhis Anshan in yarwada jail
3. Poona pact
18) GOI Act, 1935: ( )
(321, 10 ), , Nehru Charter of Slavery/ {Viceroy had special powers }
1.
2. 5
a) , ,
b)
c) (by separate electorates)
d) (all india federation)
e) -
3. Dyrachy/ /provincial Autonomy
(
4. (fedn of india = british india + princely states)
5. 3.5 ( 70 =
UAF: Universal Adult Franchise/ )
6.
7. Federal court ( = SC)
8. federal, provincial, con-current/
9. /bicameral central legislature
10. GOI act 1935
11. 1937 (Mostly INCs Gov.)
12. 1939 WW-II ,
,
19) Cabinet mission plan, 1946 (PM Clement Attlee- Simon commission):
- -
1. PM Attlee , (1944
40 )
2.
a)
b)
c) (commanwealth)
20) (9-12-1946):
B.R.Ambedkar (Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar) = ( )
Benegal Narsing Rau= (
)
21. Indian (British India*) Independence Act, 18/july/1947:
1. 20/feb/1947: PM Attlee 30/june/1947: 2. 3/jun/1947: Mountbatten Plan ( )
GG
3. ,
4. (suzerenity) .
5. Crown was deprived/ vaMicat from voting on bills
6. First GG of india = mountbettan
7. 26/nov/1949, national law day (constitution adopted)
(British India*)=> +
7. 26/jan/1950, Indian
independence act 1947 .
8. 26 Nov-1949: ( 1929 ,
, - JLN )
9. 26 Jan- 1950:
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