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The contrasting effect of sediment methane gas voids on diffusive fluxes of soluble and sparingly soluble substances Sabine Flury , Ronnie N. Glud, Katrin Premke, Daniel F. McGinnis fl[email protected] SEFS 9, Geneva 2015

SEFS 9_Flury et al

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Page 1: SEFS 9_Flury et al

The contrasting effect of sediment methane gas voids on diffusive fluxes of soluble and sparingly soluble substances

Sabine Flury ,Ronnie N. Glud, Katrin Premke, Daniel F.

McGinnis

[email protected]

SEFS 9, Geneva

2015

http://www.snf.ch/en
Page 2: SEFS 9_Flury et al

Gas accumulation in sediments and sediment water interface

A common phenomenon

Methane O2 (photosynthetic biofilms)

http://myweb.fsu.edu/mhuettel/Projects/ONR_Gas.html

http://inhabitat.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2013/01/green-algae-537x358.jpeg

marine freshwater

Gas tube bubbles

Page 3: SEFS 9_Flury et al

(Anderson and Martinez) 2015)

Gas distribution in sediments

(Cheng et al 2014) (Cheng et al 2014)

CH4 gas distribution in a lake

Gas profiles in marine sedimentsDeep gas: CH4 Surface gas: O2

Potential free gas accumulation from 0 cm to deep layers!

Page 4: SEFS 9_Flury et al

Enhanced pore water exchange due to ebullition

True at high bubble rates (e.g. seep sites) and in permeable sediments

http://inhabitat.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2013/01/green-algae-537x358.jpeg

Pore water mixing

Pore water exchange

Photo – A. Maeck

In permeable and semi-permeable sediments:

Pore water flux: 3-21 x increase at high bubble rates

With 60-70 L m-2 d-1

(e.g. at seep sites)

(Cheng et al 2014)

Page 5: SEFS 9_Flury et al

How strong is the pore water exchange with bubble rates generally found in Lakes and

reservoirs?

E.g. Bubble rates in Lake Wohlen and Saar: 7-17 L m-2 d-1 (DelSontro et al 2010, Maeck et al 2013)

Page 6: SEFS 9_Flury et al

Experimental Set-UpSediment:- Muddy (Lake Müggel, Germany)- Sandy mud (Odense River, Denmark)

Tracer: - Br- (added as KBr) - Rhodamine WT

Gas production: - stimulated with Yeast Extract

Incubation Temperature:- 27 oC, dark- 20 oC, dark

Water mixing:- Eheim Aquarium pump (5L min-1)inactive sed.

live or .

Page 7: SEFS 9_Flury et al

Results

Tracer fluxes and Dapp reduced by 24% ! ̴

(Flury et al – in revision ES&T)

Rhodamine Bromide

Page 8: SEFS 9_Flury et al

Flux calculation in sediment: Fick’s first law

(Flury et al – in revision ES&T)

D in water: 10-9 m2 s-1

𝐽 i=𝐷i ∙∂𝐶i

∂ 𝑧Ji = fluxCi = concentration of diss. sp.Z = depthDi = Diffusivity of species i

In sediments:

Di = function of Tortuosity θ

Molecular diffusion:

Page 9: SEFS 9_Flury et al

Effect of gas voids on pore water and gas flow

(Flury et al – in revision ES&T)

D in water: 10-9 m2 s-1 D in gas: 10-5 m2 s-1

Page 10: SEFS 9_Flury et al

Effect of gas voids on pore water and gas diffusivities in

SOIL

𝐷us=𝐷w ∙𝛼73

𝜑2

Millington and Quirk model for water unsaturated porous media (Millington & Quirk 1961)

Dus = Diffusivity in unsaturated porous mediaDw = Diffusivity in free water or gas= volumetric water or gas content = total porosity

Page 11: SEFS 9_Flury et al

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

RWT sq

Br r

Br sq

RWT sq

Br r

Br sq

Dus

,s:D

s,s

Water content (vol water/vol sediment)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0Gas content (vol gas/vol sediment)

For soluble species:

- If gas cont ↑ then D ↓

- If water cont ↑ then D ↑

SandMud

Effect of gas voids on pore water diffusivities in SEDIMENT

(Flury et al – in revision ES&T)

Stan

dard

ized

Diffu

sivity

(-)

𝐷us=𝐷w ∙𝛼73

𝜑2

Page 12: SEFS 9_Flury et al

Diffu

sivity

of g

as (m

2 s-1

)Effect of gas voids on gas diffusivities in SEDIMENT

Small amounts of gas can increase Dgas substantially!

(Flury et al – in revision ES&T)

𝐷us=𝐷w ∙𝛼73

𝜑2

Page 13: SEFS 9_Flury et al

Implications of gas voids on:Pore water and gas fluxes - overestimation of pore water fluxes

- large underestimation of gas fluxes

Ecosystem functioning: - ↓ transport of diss. nutrients (↓internal nutrient)

- ↑ transport of e.g. CH4 to oxidizing zones - ↑ transport of O2 into sediment

http://myweb.fsu.edu/mhuettel/Projects/ONR_Gas.html

http://inhabitat.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2013/01/green-algae-537x358.jpeg

Gas tube bubbles

marine freshwater

Page 14: SEFS 9_Flury et al

Thank you! Claudia Theel (IGB)

Workshop SDU

Anni Glud (SDU)

Morten Larsen (SDU)Jael Brüning (IGB)

Amanda Cheng (IGB)


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