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Agenda
• Background • Disease survey results (2009-2011) • Seed-borne Fusarium spp. Update • Future Solutions – Seed Treatment Perspective
Seed & Soil-borne Diseases - What’s New? 2012 Agronomy Update – Crop Establishment
Ted Labun – Syngenta Canada Ltd. Capri Hotel & Convention Centre Red Deer Alberta January 17 & 18 2012.
Seed & Soil-borne Diseases: What’s New? 2012 Agronomy Update
• Seed & Soil-Borne Disease Complex: Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Pythium • Impact emergence, stand establishment & yield in many crops • Cause seed decay, seedling blight and pre/post-emergence damping-off. • Seedlings can also develop root rot impact uptake of water and nutrients
Background
Why a Disease Survey 2009 – 2011?
• Growers have moved to soil conservation practices • Shorter crop rotations
Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Ontario Quebec
157 Fields Surveyed 2009 to 2011
AB
SK
ON QC
MB
Scope of Disease Survey
Focus • Canola • Cereals • Pulses • Soybeans
Survey Methodology in the Field
250 m 50
m
Field
Diamond sampling pattern
• Timing: 1-3 weeks after planting. Young Seedlings • Both representative and selective • Begin at one end of field, walk approximately 10 metres into field (10 paces) • Sample seedlings + sampled 50 g of soil • Sample diamond pattern with each side of the diamond being approximately 250 metres • Sampling was every 50 metres (20 samples total). • Each plant sample goes into a separate labelled paper bag. • Soil is combined in the plastic bag as it is sampled.
Survey Results based on Post-emergence Damping-off not Seed Decay or Pre-emergence Damping-off
Pre-emergent Damping-Off/Seed Rot Note: Would not be able to survey in the field 2011 Field Trial – Saskatoon SK
Early Season Seedling Blight (survey timing)
Late Post-emergence Damping-Off (Edmonton AB)
Inoculated CK Non - Inoculated CK
Healthy Infected
Samples shipped to the lab Seedlings were washed, surface disinfested, and photographed
Crown and root of each seedling was plated on water agar
Example of Canola Seedlings Plated Crown Roots
Soil Sample
• Isolation of Rhizoctonia • Characterization of Rhizoctonia isolates • Anastomosis group (AG) • Host range/virulence
Next Step: Characterization - Host Range/Virulence Tests (2009-2010) Laboratory/Growthroom
Control
Field Survey RESULTS - Host Range/Virulence Tests
Hosts • Peas • Wheat • Soybeans • Lentils • Canola
Survey Field RESULTS – Host Range/Virulence Tests Trial ID:D5 Location:Sexsmith AB Isolate from Canola
Healthy Seedling
Infected Seedlings
Infected Seedling
Symptoms in the field
Survey Field RESULTS – Host Range/Virulence Tests Trial ID:D5 Location:Sexsmith AB (Isolate from Canola) Host/Virulence Studies from Rhizoctonia isolates (photos taken 7 days after planting)
Sexsmith AB
Survey Field RESULTS – Host Range/Virulence Tests Trial ID:M1 Location:Medicine Hat AB Isolate from Durum Wheat
Healthy Seedling
Infected Seedling
Symptoms in the field
Survey Field RESULTS – Host Range/Virulence Tests Trial ID:M1 Location:Medicine Hat AB - Isolate from Durum Wheat (photos taken 7 days after planting)
Medicine Hat AB
Summary of Results
157 fields surveyed: AG 2-1, AG 2-2, AG 4, AG 5 R. solani recovered from 31% of fields surveyed
R. solani isolated from 5 to 75% of plants Note: In some cases the shorter rotations higher incidence Recovery greater from seedling crowns
Field Survey RESULTS – Host Range/Virulence Tests
Untreated Check Pre-emergence Damping-off Severe Seed Decay Caused by Rhizoctonia
3 Fungicides 3 Different modes of action 2 Systemic/1 Contact
Future Seed Treatment Solutions in canola
2011 Planting - What about Seed-borne Fusarium in Cereals?
Same Seed Lot
1% Fusarium spp.
13% Fusarium spp.
80.5% Germination
95% Germination
Untreated Treated
2 fungicides 2 modes of action contact & systemic
Future Seed Treatment Solutions in Cereals
Conclusion: Seed & Soil-Borne Diseases are important.
Seed & Soil-born Diseases – What New?
Recommendations/Management Tools Best Seed Quality Seed Testing – Germination, Vigor, Disease Diagnostics Crop Rotations Seed Treatment Technology will Promote
• Faster Emergence • Strong Stand Establishment • Optimize Target Plant Populations • Support Target Yield Potential