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Sedimentary Geology Geos 240 – Chapter 7 Sediment Transport Processes. Dr. Tark Hamilton Readings from Sediments & Basins: (7:1-41) Camosun College. Crossbeds, Cretaceous Non-Marine NEBC. Hjulstrom Diagram: Caliber vs Velocity. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Sedimentary Sedimentary GeologyGeology
Geos 240 – Chapter Geos 240 – Chapter 77
Sediment Transport Sediment Transport ProcessesProcesses Dr. Tark HamiltonDr. Tark Hamilton
Readings from Sediments & Basins: (7:1-41)Readings from Sediments & Basins: (7:1-41) Camosun CollegeCamosun College
Crossbeds, Cretaceous Non-Crossbeds, Cretaceous Non-Marine NEBCMarine NEBC
Hjulstrom Diagram: Caliber vs Hjulstrom Diagram: Caliber vs VelocityVelocity
Turbulent Boundary LayerTurbulent Boundary LayerCauses Flow Separation:Causes Flow Separation:
Tractive flow, Entrainment, Tractive flow, Entrainment, SuspensionSuspension
Turbidity Current in a Lab Turbidity Current in a Lab Flume:Flume:
Dense, Turbulent, Sediment Dense, Turbulent, Sediment UnderflowUnderflow
Bedform Phase Diagram:Bedform Phase Diagram:Stable Bedforms vs Caliber & VelocityStable Bedforms vs Caliber & Velocity
2-D 2-D PlanarPlanarTabularTabularX-bedsX-beds
Platte Platte River River
NebraskaNebraska
~3.19 ~3.19 m/secm/sec
3-D3-DLinguoidLinguoid
DunesDunes&&
TroughTroughX-bedsX-beds
Flume Flume ObservationsObservations
Lam
inar
Sta
ble
Flo
w
Turb
ule
nt
Flo
w
Variation in Ripple/Dune Variation in Ripple/Dune shapesshapes
Versus Shallowness & VelocityVersus Shallowness & Velocity
or
Large simple X-bed, Devonian Old Red Sandstone. Large simple X-bed, Devonian Old Red Sandstone. ScotlandScotland
Real Gap, no bedformsUnstable turbulent transition
Gravel DunesHaro Strait
Upper Plane Bed. Platte River NebraskaUpper Plane Bed. Platte River Nebraska
Upper Plane Bed. Proterozoic siltstoneUpper Plane Bed. Proterozoic siltstone
Upper Plane Bed. Ordovician calcarenite. Bed Upper Plane Bed. Ordovician calcarenite. Bed bottom & scourbottom & scour
Standing Waves form Standing Waves form AntidunesAntidunes
Alaska
Standing Waves form Standing Waves form AntidunesAntidunes
California Beach
Climbing RipplesClimbing Ripples
Climbing RipplesClimbing Ripples
Climbing RipplesClimbing Ripples
Planar Cross BedsPlanar Cross Beds
Planar Cross BedsPlanar Cross Beds
Trough Cross BedsTrough Cross Beds
Trough Cross BedsTrough Cross Beds
Gravel Bar Bedforms, Modern Gravel Bar Bedforms, Modern RiverRiver
Gravel Bar Bedforms, Modern Gravel Bar Bedforms, Modern RiverRiver
Imbrication of ClastsImbrication of Clasts
ReversingReversingTidal Tidal
CurrentsCurrentsFloodFlood
SlackwaterSlackwaterEbbEbb
SlackwaterSlackwater
**(not all tides (not all tides areare
purely diurnal!)purely diurnal!)~basin shape~basin shape
Symmetric - Tidal Foresets - Symmetric - Tidal Foresets - AsymmetricAsymmetric
Or Tidal Delta
New/Full Half
Tidal Bedding TerminologyTidal Bedding Terminology
Tidal Ripple Bedforms, Seattle Tidal Ripple Bedforms, Seattle WAWA
Wavy Bedding, Cretaceous, Wavy Bedding, Cretaceous, UtahUtah
Bedform Type versus Location Bedform Type versus Location with Waveswith Waves
Waves in Shallows, Near ShoreWaves in Shallows, Near Shore
Wave Rippled Modern Beach Wave Rippled Modern Beach South CarolinaSouth Carolina
Interference Patterns in Sandy RipplesInterference Patterns in Sandy RipplesFormed During Prior Flood TideFormed During Prior Flood Tide
Being Modified in EbbBeing Modified in Ebb
Wave Rippled Ordovician Calcarenites, Wave Rippled Ordovician Calcarenites, OttawaOttawa
Sandbars
Herringbone
Calsiltites
Dolo-grainstones
HummockHummockyy
CrossCrossStratificatStratificat
ionion(HCS)(HCS)
JurassicJurassicOld RedOld Red
SandstonSandstonee
YorkshireYorkshire(domes &(domes &mounds)mounds)
Storm Driven – Coriolis Storm Driven – Coriolis ControlledControlled
Due to Flow in a Rotating Due to Flow in a Rotating Reference FrameReference Frame
4 Types of Dunes in Eolian 4 Types of Dunes in Eolian SettingsSettings
Dreat Sand Dunes Nat’l Dreat Sand Dunes Nat’l Monument, COMonument, CO
Transverse Dunes, Gobi Transverse Dunes, Gobi Desert, ChinaDesert, China
Transverse Dunes, Gobi Transverse Dunes, Gobi Desert, ChinaDesert, China
Barchan Dunes, Gobi Desert, Barchan Dunes, Gobi Desert, ChinaChina
Modern Wind Ripples Climbing Modern Wind Ripples Climbing Dune FaceDune Face
Lighter Winds ChannelledBy Older Dunes
Permian Wind Fall Ripples AZPermian Wind Fall Ripples AZ
Note Rare Wind Ripple Foresets
Modern Grain Fall Deposits Down Modern Grain Fall Deposits Down Dune FaceDune Face
Modern Grain Flow Lobes Down Dune Modern Grain Flow Lobes Down Dune FaceFace
Permian Permian Grain FallGrain Fall & & Grain FlowGrain Flow Lenses, UKLenses, UK
Permian Permian Grain FallGrain Fall & & Grain FlowGrain Flow Lenses, UKLenses, UK
Flow Direction out of Page & Downwards
Foresets & Ripples, Permian, Foresets & Ripples, Permian, ArizonaArizona
Wind Ripples Down Dune Face, Wind Ripples Down Dune Face, Permian, ArizonaPermian, Arizona
Classification of Sediment Classification of Sediment Gravity FlowsGravity Flows
Evolution of Flow Type with Evolution of Flow Type with TimeTime
Debris Flow, Venezuela Debris Flow, Venezuela Feb 2000Feb 2000
Cenozoic Debris FlowCenozoic Debris FlowWith Large Logs, JapanWith Large Logs, Japan
Reworked Glaciomarine Reworked Glaciomarine Debris FlowDebris Flow
Miocene Debris Flow,Miocene Debris Flow,Near Anatolian Fault TurkeyNear Anatolian Fault Turkey
Miocene Debris Flow,Miocene Debris Flow,Near Anatolian Fault TurkeyNear Anatolian Fault Turkey
Mud Ball?
Cenozoic Polymict Cenozoic Polymict Conglomerate,Conglomerate,
California (Any Faults California (Any Faults nearby?)nearby?)
Cambro-Ordovician Cow Cambro-Ordovician Cow Head Breccia, W. Head Breccia, W.
NewfoundlandNewfoundland
Reef Breccia
Abyssal Turbidites
Cambro-Ordovician Cow Cambro-Ordovician Cow Head Breccia, W. Head Breccia, W.
NewfoundlandNewfoundland
Reef Breccia
Remoulded Turbidites
Cretaceous Debris Flow Lenses Cretaceous Debris Flow Lenses FranceFrance
Tethyan Reef Debris
Sediment Gravity Flows & Sediment Gravity Flows & SupportSupport
See Notes
Fluidized Flows, Cretaceous S. Fluidized Flows, Cretaceous S. FranceFrance
Fluidized Flows, Cenozoic Fluidized Flows, Cenozoic Riverdale CARiverdale CA
Dense, Cold, Sediment LadenDense, Cold, Sediment LadenGlacial Outwash Plunges Glacial Outwash Plunges
BeneathBeneathLake Louise AB as a Turbidity Lake Louise AB as a Turbidity
CurrentCurrentSee Notes
7.2 7.2 QuakeQuake~20 ~20 kmkm
deepdeepTsunaTsuna
mimisweptsweptBurin Burin PeninsPenins
ulaula
1929 Grand Banks Failure & 1929 Grand Banks Failure & TsunamiTsunami
1929 Grand 1929 Grand Banks FailureBanks FailureTriggered by Triggered by EarthquakeEarthquake
(Each Lat° is 60 (Each Lat° is 60 nm)nm)
This Puppy This Puppy Travelled 1353 Travelled 1353
km!km!
Complete Bouma Sequence Complete Bouma Sequence (Medial)(Medial)
Tu
rbid
ity
Eve
nt
Pela
gic
Sed
imen
t
Down Current &Along Transport
Evolution ofTurbidites
Medial Deposits: B >> CDistal D & E CoupletsProximal Deposits: A > B-E