SECURITY CHALLENGES OF AFRICA - IEEE · 2010. 6. 22. · EGIPTO MADEIRA CANARIAS MAR NEGRO MARRUECOS TUNEZ MAURITANIA ISRAEL “THE MEDITERRANEAN BREACH” EU: 32.600 $ World: 10.500

SPANISH INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES

Captain (SPN) IGNACIO JOSÉ GARCÍA SÁNCHEZ

Lisbon Treaty and Future of the

European Security Policy

DEPUTY DIRECTOR (Prague. 06 MAY 2010)

SECURITY CHALLENGES OF AFRICA

ieee.es

INDEX

HARD VS SOFT POWER?

AFRICA’S FRAGILITY

NEW VS OLD PARADIGMS?

HARD VERSUS SOFT POWER?

“Rules must be binding. Violations must bepunished. Words must mean something. The

world must stand together”.President Obama’s speech delivered in Prague.

05 April 2009

Spanish Defence Policy Secretary General´s recent speech balancing the 20 years of the Spanish participation on

Peace Operations, with the first operation in Angola under the United Nations mission UNAVEM in January 1989. In that speech, Mr. Luis Civis referred to the intervention of the Spanish Minister of Defence in the Spanish Parliament during the presentation of the National Defence Directive, stating that the response to the treats in the new scenario

must be MULTILATERAL, COMPREHENSIVE and SUSTAINED IN TIME.

Multilateralism, Comprehensiveness, Sustainability


Africa-EU Peace and Security Partnership

The Africa-EU Strategic Partnership adopted by the Lisbon Summit on 9 December 2007 laid the foundation

of a long-term strategic partnership.

“A GLOBAL RESPONSE FOR FRAGILITY SITUATIONS”

Mme. Claude-France Arnould

Director of Crisis Management & Planning Department



1 SOMALIA 114.7

2 ZIMBABWE 114.0

3 SUDAN 112.4

4 CHAD 112.2

5 DEM. REP. OF THE CONGO 108.7

9 GUINEA 104.6

11 IVORY COAST 102.5

14 KENYA 101.4

151 SPAIN 43.3

152 CZECH REPUBLIC 42.6


15 NIGERIA 99.8

16 ETHIOPIA 98.9

21 UGANDA 96.9

23 NIGER 96.5

24 BURUNDI 95.7

26 CAMEROON 95.3

27 GUINEA-BISSAU 94.8

28 MALAWI 93.8

30 REPUBLIC OF CONGO 93.1

32 SIERRA LEONE 92.1

34 LIBERIA 91.8

35 BURKINA FASO 91.3

36 ERITREA 90.3

Core Five State Institutions

Leadership Military Police Judiciary Civil Service

Weak Weak Poor Weak Weak


43 EGYPT 89.0

45 RWANDA 89.0

46 MAURITANIA 88.7

47 EQUATORIAL GUINEA 88.3

50 TOGO 87.2

52 COMOROS 86.3

55 ANGOLA 85.0

57 CHINA 84.6

58 ISRAEL/WEST BANK 84.6

60 ZAMBIA 84.2

65 SWAZILAND 82.4

67 LESOTHO 81.8

68 MADAGASCAR 81.6

70 TANZANIA 81.1

71 RUSSIA 80.8

72 MOZAMBIQUE 80.7

73 ALGERIA 80.6

74 DJIBOUTI 80.6


80 GAMBIA 79.0

83 MALI 78.7

84 CAPE VERDE 78.5

87 INDIA 77.8

93 MOROCCO 77.1

96 NAMIBIA 75.6

99 GABON 74.4

102 SENEGAL 74.2

111 BELIZE 69.5

112 LIBYA 69.4

113 BRAZIL 69.1

116 BOTSWANA 68.8

120 SEYCHELLES 67.7

121 TUNISIA 67.6

122 SOUTH AFRICA 67.4

123 TRINIDAD 66.7

124 GHANA 66.2


DEMOGRAPHYMillions of persons

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Año 1920 Año 1950 Año 2010

6% infected by AIDS

Lack of Infrastructure

Problems of governabilityTwo thirds of those living with HIVare in sub-Saharan Africa, most of

whom are women


ETHNICITY

Parliament: 245 seats44 seats for each clan

Dir, Hawiye, Darod y Digil


GOVERNABILITY

“Somalia never will become a viable State while capable security structures were not in place. Only in that way, the Transition Federal Government will be able to extent its authority and, eventually, prevent

the crime and so, the acts of piracy”

SP MOD Mrs. Chacón

AFRICA’S FRAGILITYREGIONALIZATION


Haradheere

31 May 09

24 Nov 0905 Nov 09

87

5

nm

12 JUN 09

PIRACY


From 1983:•1 million deaths•2-3 millions displaced/refugees

•1956 independence•Civil War: North versus South•600 ethnic groups•Racism against the black population

SUDAN

CHADAccording to the UN, Chad has been affected by a humanitarian crisis since at least 2001. As of 2008, the country of Chad hosts over 280,000 refugees from the Sudan's Darfur region, over 55,000 from the Central African Republic, as well as over 170,000 internally displaced persona

On 4 March 2008, the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued an arrest warrant for President Omar al-Bashiron charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity, the first sitting head of state ever indicted by the ICC

“LEADERSHIP”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Republic


FRENCH COLONIZATIONNIGER MOVEMENT for JUSTICEDEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE for

CHANGE ALQAEDA in the ISLAMIC MAGREB

(AQIM)

THE TUAREG PROBLEM

“bluemen and yellowcake

Resource exploration and development trigger concerns that

the Tuareg will suffer the consequences of these projects

without receiving any of the benefits

DEPLETION OF WATER AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE


ARGELIA AREAS OF TERRORISM ACTIVITY MOST IMPORTANTS

Year 2009: 250 violent acts7% against civilians

AL QAEDA ORGANIZATION IN

THE ISLAMIC MAGREB

Abdelmadek Droukel

Salafiste Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC)

Armed Islamic Group (GIA)


The United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) was established by Security Council resolution 690

of 29 April 1991

“The consolidation of the status quo is not an acceptable outcome”

Extended mandate until 30 April 2011


Pte. João Bernardo Vieira2-3-2009

Gral. Tagmé1-3-2009

GUINEA-BISSAU SSR

AFs Reduction and new structureReduce 9 Policy bodies to 4Justice

SSR

ARGELIA

LIBIAEGIPTO

MADEIRA

CANARIAS

MAR

NEGRO

MARRUECOS

TUNEZ

MAURITANIA

ISRAEL

“THE MEDITERRANEAN BREACH”

EU: 32.600 $

World: 10.500 $

Maghreb: 6.566 $

Africa: 4.134 $

42% population

– 88% GDP-

5 Countries over

the World average

PORTUGAL

21800SPAIN

33700

FRANCE

32800

ITALY

30300

TUNISIA

8000ALGERIA

7000

MOROCCO

4600

MAURITANIA

2100

GDP per CAPITA $ (CIA. Fact Book. Estimated 2009)

LIBYA

15200

GREECE

32100

EGYPT

6000


AFRICA’S FRAGILITYAfrica in the darkness

“We will not enjoy development without security, we will not enjoy security without development and we will not enjoy either without respect for human rights. Unless

all the causes are advanced, none will succeed”

(Kofi Annan. In larger freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all. 21 March 2005)

NEW VS OLD PARADIGMS


Euro-Arabic Dialogue

Group 5+5

The Med Dialogue + ICI

Euro-Med Partnership

Union for the Med

The Alliance of Civilizations

Istanbul Cooperation Initiative (ICI)

“Reaching out to the broader Middle East”

NATO's ICI, launched at the Alliance's Summit in June 2004,

aims to contribute to long-term global and regional security. Six

countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council were initially invited

to participate. To date, four of these -- Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait

and the United Arab Emirates -- have joined. Saudi Arabia and

Oman have also shown an interest


NATO’s Mediterranean Dialogue was initiated in 1994. It currently involves seven non-NATO countries of the Mediterranean region: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia.


Administrative centre: Barcelona, Spain

Co-presidency:EgyptFrance


We cannot neglect the importance of security and military measures, on the

contrary, they are critical. But, ultimately, this is not a struggle that can

be won by military means alone. The struggle is one of ideas, of hearts and minds as well as of weapons. And we have to realize that the roots of the

alternative narrative which sees Islam pitted against the West, go deep.


Strategic Partnership “AFRICA-EU”

AFRICOM

Spanish “PLAN AFRICA”2009-2012

“For Africans partners it means to taking the responsibility for the collective security system set up on the African continent, with full support of the Europeans. For the EU and its member states is an opportunity to move beyond the political support and join in a global strategy. This partnership is indeed a comprehensive commitment that joins development policies and the CFSP, including the CSDP”


The EU-Africa summit, held in December 2007 in Lisbon, cemented new Africa-EU strategic partnership, marking a qualitative leap in relations between the two continents

First ACTION PLAN specifies concrete proposals for 2008-

2010, structured along 8 Africa-EU strategic partnerships:

1. PEACE AND SECURITY

http://ec.europa.eu/development/icenter/repository/EAS2007_action_plan_2008_2010_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/development/icenter/repository/EAS2007_action_plan_2008_2010_fr.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/development/icenter/repository/EAS2007_action_plan_2008_2010_pt.pdf


ROTA, Spain - Lance Corporal Drew Van Hook, assigned to Fleet Anti-terrorism Security Team (FAST), Company Europe, at Naval Station Rota, Spain, instructs a Moroccan maritime interdiction operations team on basic close quarter battle training, April 27, 2010, in preparation for Exercise Phoenix Express. The goals of the exercise are to increase participating countries' knowledge and experience with FAST unit core capabilities and highlight common safety and security concerns in the maritime environment such as illegal immigration, criminal activity, narcotics trafficking, and weapons trafficking. (U.S. Navy photo by Petty Officer 1st Class Paul Cage)

"Multilateral exercises like Phoenix Express are an important part of the U.S. Naval Forces Africa Maritime Supporting Plans and the International Military Partnering Lines of Operations"


• Strengthen democracy, respect for human

rights, peace and security

• Combating poverty and contributing to

Africa's development agenda

• Cooperation to adequately regulate

migratory flows

• Development of the EU strategy towards

Africa

• Economic trade and investment promotion

• Strengthening cultural cooperation

• Political projection and institutional

presence

Main Goals

ieee.es

SPANISH INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES

Captain (SPN) IGNACIO JOSÉ GARCÍA SÁNCHEZ

Lisbon Treaty and Future of the

European Security Policy

DEPUTY DIRECTOR (Prague. 06 MAY 2010)

SECURITY CHALLENGES OF AFRICA

Documents

SECURITY CHALLENGES OF AFRICA - IEEE · 2010. 6. 22. · EGIPTO MADEIRA CANARIAS MAR NEGRO MARRUECOS TUNEZ MAURITANIA ISRAEL “THE MEDITERRANEAN BREACH” EU: 32.600 $ World: 10.500