Section D806: Monday, 10:00am to 11:15am - City Tech · practice for RAD 1125 is performed during this hour. Students are required to bring the Pocket Manual to Open Lab as well as

NEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK

Department of Radiologic Technology & Medical Imaging

RAD 1125: Fall 2019

Section D806: Monday, 10:00am to 11:15am

Radiographic Procedures I

Course Outline / Learning Outcomes

Semester: Fall, 2019

Professor Jennett M. Ingrassia, MSRS, RT(R)

Room: P- 513 E-Mail: [email protected] Office hours: Tuesday, 11:30am to 12:30pm

Wednesday, 11:30am to 12:30pm

Note: All other course related documents can be found on Blackboard.

mailto:[email protected]

New York City College of Technology / CUNY Department of Radiologic Technology and Medical Imaging

Fall, 2019

COURSE: RAD 1125, Section D806 (1.5 cl. hrs., 1.5 lab hrs, 2 crs.) Monday, 10:00am to 11:15am

INSTRUCTOR: Jennett M. Ingrassia, MSRS, RT(R) E-MAIL: [email protected] OFFICE: A-414 PHONE: 718-260-5360 OFFICE HOURS: Tuesday, 11:30am to 12:30pm & Wednesday, 11:30am to 12:30pm

(or by appointment)

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course introduces the student to basic radiographic positioning and related anatomy with emphasis on the chest, abdomen and extremities. In the laboratory, students develop positioning skills needed for clinical practices.

PREREQUESITES: BIO 1101,0 ENG 1101, BIO 2311, MAT 1275, RAD 1124, COREQUESITES: RAD 1126, RAD 1127, RAD 1128, BIO 2311

GENERAL EDUCATION COURSE OBJECTIVES Upon completion of RAD 1125 the student should be able to:

1. In a simulated environment, demonstrate desired patient care skills during positioning by means of effective communication, pleasant demeanor, and through the use of effective delivery techniques such as posture, gesture, eye contact and vocal expressiveness. 2. To ensure proper patient positioning in a simulated environment, comprehensively convey patient instructions clearly and consistently. 3. Interpret and communicate evaluation criteria for all radiographic positions through documentation and oral communication 4. Demonstrate a full understanding of radiographic positioning through the use of critical thinking skills to evaluate and analyze medical images for proper positioning through documentation and presentation. 5. Following the identification of radiographic images, evaluation criteria and significance, communicate a critique of the image and justify the conclusions reached through documentation and/or presentation.

COURSE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of RAD 1125 the student should be able to:

1. Describe the responsibility of the radiographer in obtaining optimal radiographic images to include but not limited to patient communication and preparation. 2. Explain standard positioning terms 3. Summarize all general considerations concerning patient care needed to obtain a radiographic image. 4. Identify all pertinent anatomy for chest, abdomen, upper and lower extremities, and shoulder girdle. 5. List and describe positions for obtaining images of the chest, abdomen, upper and lower extremities and shoulder girdle. 6. Demonstrate positioning for the chest, abdomen, upper and lower extremities and shoulder girdle

to include proper collimation, central ray, marker use and placement and radiation protection. 7. List and identify structures to be demonstrated on each view of the chest, abdomen, upper and

lower extremities, and shoulder girdle to include the evaluation criteria and significance . 8. Following the identification of the image evaluation criteria and significance of routine views for the chest, abdomen, upper and lower extremities and shoulder girdle, differentiate and analyze acceptable and unacceptable positioning through the critique of radiographic images.

mailto:[email protected]

REQUIRED TEXTBOOKS: NOTE: It is imperative that you purchase all required textbooks with the most up to date edition. ***ALL CURRENT TEXTBOOKS FOR THIS COURSE ARE IN THE 14TH EDITION*** 1. Long, Rollins and Smith, Merrill’s Atlas of Radiographic Positioning & Procedures, Volume I, 14th edition. Mosby, St. Louis, MO, 2007. ISBN# 978-0-323-56768 2. Long, Curtis and Smith, Merrill’s Pocket Guide to Radiographic Positioning & Procedures, 14th edition. Mosby, St. Louis, MO, 2007. ISBN# 978-0-323-597036

RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOK: 1. Long, Curtis and Smith, Workbook for Merrill’s Atlas of Radiographic Positioning & Procedures, Volume I, 14th edition. Mosby, St. Louis, MO, 2007. ISBN# 13 978-0-323-597043

COURSE REQUIREMENTS: This course includes lecture and laboratory practice (Minimum one hour per week) in addition to required reading assignments. Students must participate in all scheduled quizzes and examinations and open lab requirements.

COURSE GRADING: Coursework will be weighted as follows: 1. Quizzes 20% (includes both lecture, and laboratory quizzes, mandatory one hour per

week open lab attendance, and additional assignments to include, but not limited to positioning charts and image evaluation assignments)

2. Class Participation 10% 3. Midterm Exam 30% (Comprehensive) 4. Final Exam 40% (Comprehensive)

Total 100%

GENERAL TESTING POLICY Students will be given one hour for all lecture quizzes and the midterm and 10 minutes for each anatomy quiz. All Scantrons must be completely filled out within that time period. STUDENTS WILL NOT BE GIVEN EXTRA TIME TO TRANSFER ANSWERS FROM THE TEST FORM ONTO THE SCANTRON ANSWER SHEET. ALL ANSWERS NOT COMPLETED ON THE SCANTRON, REGARDLESS OF COMPLETION ON THE TEST FORM, WILL BE COUNTED AS AN INCORRECT ANSWER AND THE QUIZ/MIDTERM WILL BE GRADED ACCORDINGLY. THERE WILL BE NO EXCEPTIONS TO THIS POLICY. ****Students who arrive late to class will only be given the remaining allotted time to complete the quiz or exam.

EXPLANATION OF COURSE GRADING 1. Quizzes

A. Lecture, Anatomy and Lab Quizzes: There will be a MINIMUM total of 14 combined quizzes (lecture, anatomy and lab) given as noted on the schedules in the lecture and lab syllabi. Students are expected to be in attendance for each quiz.

1) Anatomy Quizzes: There will be eight anatomy quizzes, each given at the start of the appropriate lecture topic, based on the anatomy power point presentations available on Blackboard. Anatomy quizzes will involve the identification of pertinent anatomy and will consist of ten questions in a fill in the blank format. Students will be given ten minutes to complete the quiz. There will be no make-up of anatomy quizzes. As a result, missed anatomy quizzes will result in a grade of zero for class participation for that day’s class and but no credit will be given or lost in the overall quiz grade.

2) Lecture Quizzes: Four lecture quizzes will be given throughout the course usually in multiple choice, matching or fill in the blank format. Lecture quizzes will be related to the information given in the previous classes--both lecture and lab demonstration. A missed lecture quiz will result in a make-up in essay format with college level writing to be a part of the grading requirement.

3) Lab Quizzes: There will be a minimum of two Lab Quizzes given in a format of student demonstration to assess technical skills. A missed lab quiz will result in a make-up quiz with an automatic deduction of ten points prior to the start of the make-up quiz.

****Please see the section below on “Procedure for Make Up Exams and Quizzes” for further details.

EXPLANATION OF COURSE GRADING (Continued)

B. Open Lab Requirement: Open lab participation is mandatory and will count as one (1) quiz grade. All students are required to attend the open lab to practice procedures taught in the lab, for at least 1 hour per week. Students MUST sign in (through initialing) to be recorded as present, and by using “RAD 1125” after their name. There will be ABOLUTLEY NO EXCEPTION to this policy--if the student does not sign in (initial and “RAD 1125”), it will be recorded as “non-participation” regardless of whether the student was present. Open lab sessions will be announced and posted at the beginning of the semester. It is strongly recommended that students attend sessions in excess of the minimum required one hour per week amount. NOTE: This open lab one hour requirement is for practice for RAD 1125 ONLY and no other course. Students will be monitored by the CLT so that only related practice for RAD 1125 is performed during this hour. Students are required to bring the Pocket Manual to Open Lab as well as the positioning chart for the appropriate procedure(s) being practice. If students need practice for other courses, an additional hour must be requested through the sign-up procedure. The CLT will determine the rules of Open Lab and it is expected that all students will abide by these rules. Failure to do so will be reflected in their Open Lab grade.

For further clarification of the Open Lab Requirement, please see below: - All students are required as part of their grade to attend the open lab at least one hour per week to receive full credit for the semester. For example, if you only attend the open lab for 45 minutes, your grade for the week is 75% and attend for the full hour, your grade will be 100% for the week. All weeks' grades will be averaged at the end of the semester and the final grade will count as one quiz grade. It will average in with lecture and lab quizzes which overall, count for 20% of your grade. There will be no deviations from this requirement for any reasons, whatsoever.

- Although it is extremely beneficial to do so, additional time spent in the lab in excess of one hour per week will not count toward your overall grade. For example, if you did not spend any time in the open lab for Week 4, yet spent two hours in the lab for Week 5, your requirement for Week 4 would still not have been met and would result in a grade of zero for week 4, yet you would have received full credit for 1 hour for week 5. In other words, you can not make up time in the open lab for missed minutes or the full hour.

- As previously stated in the, to receive any credit at all, you must sign in by placing your initials and “RAD 1125” next to your name. Failure to do so, will result in non-participation and will be recorded as a zero grade for that week’s open lab requirement.

- When signing up to schedule the time, please PRINT both your first and last name and please PRINT legibly. There will be deduction of five (5) points for the week if the student’s name is not printed.

ADDITIONAL NOTE: The reason for this course requirement is for you to be consistent in your practice of procedures taught in this course. Students should do the best that they can to not only meet the minimum requirements for Open Lab, but to exceed them, if at all possible. The more practice obtained in a simulated environment, the more improved the clinical experience will be next semester. The goal is for students to be knowledgeable about procedures, and comfortable with equipment and communication skills for proper patient care.

C. Positioning Chart Submission Assignment: Prior to each positioning lecture, with the exception of the two initial lectures, (Lesson 1, Chest and Lesson 2, Abdomen) students are required to submit a positioning chart. These assignments will be graded collectively and count as one quiz grade. There will be further explanation of the assignment in class.

2. Class Participation Policy: Students are expected to participate in all classes and class activities through discussion, inquiry and individual or group projects both in the classroom and in the laboratory sessions.

3. & 4. Midterm and Final Examinations Students are expected to be in attendance for each examination. Both the midterm and final examinations will be comprehensive. NOTE: A missed midterm or final examination will be given in essay format. ****See the section below titled “Procedure for Make Up Quizzes, Midterm and Final Exam” for more detailed information.

PROCEDURE FOR MAKE UP QUIZZES, MIDTERM AND FINAL EXAM Students are STRONGLY urged to be in attendance for each and every lecture and lab quiz, midterm and final exams. The following policy is in effect for all missed assessments:

1. Anatomy Quizzes: Anatomy quizzes will be given at the start of every lecture class. There will be no make-up of anatomy quizzes. As a result, missed anatomy quizzes will result in a grade of zero for class participation for that day’s class, regardless of whether or not the student participated in the remainder of the class (eg. Late for class). However, no credit will be given or lost in the overall quiz grade.

2. Lecture Quizzes, Midterm and Final Exam: If a student is absent from class on the day of a lecture quiz, midterm or final exam, it is his or her responsibility to contact the instructor within 48 hours to arrange for a make-up quiz or exam. The quiz or exam must be made up within one week of the original test date. It is the student’s responsibility to contact the instructor. Failure to contact the instructor within 48 hours of the original test date or failure to be in attendance on the pre-arranged make up test date will result in a grade of zero. All make up quizzes and exams will be in essay format.

3. Lab Quizzes: If a student is absent from class on the day of a lab quiz, it is his or her responsibility to contact the instructor within 48 hours to arrange for a make-up quiz. The quiz must be made up within one week of the original test date. It is the student’s responsibility to contact the instructor. Failure to contact the instructor within 48 hours of the original test date or failure to be in attendance on the pre-arranged make up test date will result in a grade of zero. Note: There will be a deduction of 10 points for any missed lab quiz, regardless of the student’s performance.

CLASSROOM CONDUCT: • CELL PHONE POLICY: Cell phones are not permitted in the classroom or lab for this course. This means that at no

time, whatsoever, is a cell phone to be visualized in either location. If this rule is violated, students will be removed from the classroom and will still be responsible for all material missed. There will be no deviation from this classroom/lab requirement. Removal from the classroom will be reflected in the class participation grade, thus the final grade for the course. Cell phones must be TURNED OFF, not just placed in silent mode. Ringing or vibrating phones heard during class may result, at the instructor's discretion, in the student being removed from class.

• Use of Recorders Policy: Students are permitted, and strongly encouraged, to record the lectures in both the classroom and lab. In addition to digital recorders, the use of cell phones for this purpose ONLY are permitted. However, if a cell phone is to be used for recording, it must be placed by the instructor’s desk, in full view. It is not to be used for recording at the student’s desk, as the cell phone policy will be taken into effect.

• Unnecessary talking is not permitted during instructor’s lectures or when another student is speaking. • Food is not allowed in the classroom at any time. • Students are not permitted to leave the classroom and return during scheduled class sessions. (See Student Conduct

Policy in the College Student Handbook). This includes during testing or group work.

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: NEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY POLICY ON ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: Students and all others who work with information, ideas, texts, images, music, inventions, and other intellectual property owe their audience and sources accuracy and honesty in using, crediting, and citing sources. As a community of intellectual and professional workers, the College recognizes its responsibility for providing instruction in information literacy and academic integrity, offering models of good practice, and responding vigilantly and appropriately to infractions of academic integrity. Accordingly, academic dishonesty is prohibited in The City University of New York and at New York City College of Technology and is punishable by penalties, including failing grades, suspension, and expulsion. The complete text of the College policy on Academic Integrity may be found in the catalog.

NOTE: No form of academic dishonesty will be tolerated in this course. If a student appears, at theinstructor’s discretion, to be in violation of the academic integrity policy during an exam or quiz, he or she will minimally and immediately receive a grade of zero. Actions of violation during an exam or quiz will include, and may not be limited to, the following: Talking during the quiz or exam, looking at anotherstudent or a student’s test paper, and suspicious eye contact or gestures. Note that upon additional review, further action may be taken.

Schedule of Lectures, Quizzes, Examination and Readings (Referred chapters, to include anatomy material as well as positioning are to be read prior to class.)

NOTE: This schedule is subject to change.

Lessons Dates Topic Chapter

Note: Exact pages will be noted on Blackboard

Exam/Quiz

--- September 2 NO CLASS (Labor Day) 1 September 5

(THURSDAY) Introduction to course, imaging systems, terminology and positions

Chapters 1 & 2

2 September 9 Chest Chapter 3 Pages 87-96 & 103-112

Anatomy Quiz #1

3 September 16 Abdomen Chapter 4 Pages 131, 137-38, & 139-40

Anatomy Quiz #2

4 September 23 Hand, Wrist, Digit & Thumb

Chapter 5 Anatomy Quiz #3

--- September 30 NO CLASS Week 5 October 7 Lecture Quiz #1 Lessons 1, 2, & 3 Lecture

QUIZ #1 --- October 13 NO CLASS (Columbus Day) 5 October 16

(WEDNESDAY) Forearm, Elbow & Humerus

Chapter 5: Forearm & Elbow Chapter 6: Humerus

Anatomy Quiz #4

6 October 21 Shoulder, Scapula, Clavicle & A-C Joints


Week 8 October 28 Midterm Examination Comprehensive

Lessons 1 to 5 MIDTERM

7 November 4 Foot, Ankle, Toes and Calcaneous


Week 10 November 11 Lecture Quiz #2 Lessons 6 & 7 Lecture QUIZ #2

8 November 18 Lower Leg, Knee & Patella


9 November 25 Femur Chapter 7 & 8 Anatomy Quiz #8

Week 13 December 2 Lecture Quiz #3 (Anatomy)

All above chapters, Anatomy only

Lecture QUIZ #3

Week 14 December 9 Lecture Quiz #4 (Image Evaluation)

All above chapters, Image Evaluation Only

Lecture QUIZ #4

FINAL EXAM WEEK TBA FINAL EXAM Comprehensive

Lessons 1 – 7 FINAL EXAM

Note: Instructional slides for each of the anatomy for each body part listed are provided to the student on Blackboard. Students are responsible for this information and will be tested accordingly. In addition, it is the student's responsibility to supplement this information using the appropriate related chapters in the textbook and workbook, as well, as all areas are subject to testing, including unannounced quizzes.

NOTICE TO STUDENTS: Qualified students with disabilities, under applicable federal, state, and city laws, seeking reasonable accommodations or academic adjustments must contact The Center for Student Accessibility for information on City Tech’s policy and procedures to obtain such services. Students with questions on eligibility or the need for temporary disability services should also contact the center at: The Center for Student Accessibility, 300 Jay street, room L-237 718- 260-5143. HTTP://www.citytech.cuny.edu/accessibility/

HTTP://www.citytech.cuny.edu/accessibility

RAD 1125 Lecture Outline

Fall, 2019 Lessons 1 and 2: Introduction, Imaging Systems, Overview of Terms and the Patient

I. Responsibility of the Radiographer II. Terms

1. Image Receptor A. Types B. Placement C. Collimation

2. Imaging Systems A. Film Screen B. Digital

1) Computed (CR) 2) Direct (DR)

3. Radiograph A. Identification B. Anatomic markers C. Display

1) Anatomic Position 2) Projection 3) View

4. Essentials of a Radiographic Image A. Density B. Contrast C. Detail D. Distortion

5. Department Protocol 6. General Anatomy Terms

III. Patient Communication and Care

Lessons 3 and 4: Positioning of the Chest & Abdomen

I. Chest 1. Positions

A. PA B. Lateral

2. Patient Position 3. Central Ray 4. Tube Angle 5. SID 6. Structures Demonstrated 7. Evaluation Criteria 8. Special Considerations

II. Abdomen 1. Positions

- AP (KUB) - Upright

Positioning of the Chest & Abdomen (CONTINUED) 2. Patient Position 3. Central Ray

4. Tube Angle 5. SID 6. Structures Demonstrated 7. Evaluation Criteria 8. Special Considerations

Lesson 5: Positioning of the Hand, Wrist, Digit and Thumb

I. Hand 1. Positions

A. PA B. Oblique C. Lateral

2. Patient Position 3. Central Ray 4. Tube Angle 5. SID 6. Structures Demonstrated 7. Evaluation Criteria

II. Wrist 1. Positions

A. PA B. Oblique C. Lateral


III. Digit 1. Positions

A. PA Hand B. Oblique Digit C. Lateral Digit


IV. Thumb 1. Positions

A. AP Thumb B. PA Hand (For oblique thumb) C. Lateral Thumb

Lesson 5: Positioning of the Hand, Wrist, Digit and Thumb (CONTINUED)

2. Patient Position 3. Central Ray 4. Tube angle 5. SID 6. Structures Demonstrated

7. Evaluation Criteria

Lesson 6: Positioning of the Forearm, Elbow and Humerus

I. Forearm 1. Positions

A. AP b. Lateral


II. Elbow 1. Positions

A. AP b. Lateral c. Medial Oblique d. Lateral Oblique


III. Humerus 1. Positions

A. AP b. Lateral c. Transthoracic


Lessons 7 and 8: Positioning of the Shoulder, Scapula, Clavicle and A-C Joints

I. Shoulder 1. Positions

A. AP Neutral B. AP Internal Oblique C. AP External Oblique D. Scapular Y View

2. Patient Position 3. Central Ray 4. Tube Angle 5. SID 6. Structures Demonstrated

II. Scapula 1. Positions

A. AP

B. AP Lateral 2. Patient Position 3. Central Ray 4. Tube Angle 5. SID 6. Structures Demonstrated 7. Evaluation Criteria 7. Evaluation Criteria

III. Clavicle 1. Positions

A. AP B. AP Axial


Lessons 7 and 8: Positioning of the Shoulder, Scapula, Clavicle and A-C Joints (continued)

IV. A-C Joints 1. Positions

A. AP with Weights B. AP without Weights


Lesson 9: Positioning of the Foot & Ankle I. Foot

1. Positions A. AP B. Lateral C. Oblique


II. Ankle 1. Positions

A. AP B. Oblique

1) 45 degree 2) Mortise

C. Lateral 2. Patient Position 3. Central Ray

4. Tube Angle 5. SID 6. Structures Demonstrated 7. Evaluation Criteria

III. Toes 1. Positions

A. AP Foot B. Oblique Toes B. Lateral Toe

2. Patient Position 3. Central Ray 4. Tube Angle 5. SID

IV. Os Calcis 1. Positions

A. Plantodorsal B. Lateral


Lesson 10: Positioning of the Lower Leg, Knee and Patella

I. Lower Leg 1. Positions

A. AP B. Lateral


II. Knee 1. Positions

A. AP B. Lateral C. Obliques D. PA Axial (Intercondylar Fossa)


8. Special Considerations A. Settegast B. Tangential Projection


Lesson 11: Positioning of the Femur

I. Femur 1. Positions

A. AP Upper (AP Hip) B. AP Lower


LEARNING OUTCOMES Lesson 1 and 2: Introduction to Positioning Procedures, Overview of Terms and the Patient Condition: This lecture will introduce the student to the course sequence and provide the student with an introduction

to radiographic positioning, general positioning terms and expectations when dealing with patients. The importance of radiation protection will also be discussed. This lecture will also focus on a discussion of body surfaces and planes, directional terms, and relevance of anatomic position.

Outcomes: At the end of this lecture the will be able to: 1. Identify body planes and surface landmarks. 2. List and describe basic radiographic positions. 3. Identify body surfaces and planes. 4. Explain the relevance of the anatomic position. 5. State the importance of radiation protection and shielding patients. 6. Classify the four types of image receptors. 7. List and briefly explain the four essentials of a radiograph. 8. Differentiate between position, projection and view. 9. Recognize directional terms. 10. State the relevance of patient history taking. 12. List considerations used when preparing to radiograph a patient.

Lessons 3 and 4: Positioning of the Chest and Abdomen Condition: The focus of this lecture will be on the skill needed to position patients for the chest and abdomen. In

addition, the structures demonstrated on each view will be discussed, as well as the evaluation criteria needed to determine proper positioning. The concept of the decubitus view will be discussed.

Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lecture the will be able to:

1. Discuss the location of each structure for a patient in anatomic position. 2. Recognize and discuss the positions needed for radiographic images of the chest and abdomen by stating the patient position, central ray placement, SID, and tube angle needed. 3. On a diagram AND radiograph, identify the pertinent anatomy of the chest and abdomen.

4. List the structures best demonstrated on each projection/view. 5. State the proper IR size and placement, as well as marker placement for each projection/view. 6. Identify & evaluate each projection by assessing evaluation criteria as stated in lecture & text. 7. Identify the proper patient preparation needed prior to performing the examination. 8. Explain the importance of breathing instructions for both chest and abdomen. 9. Differentiate between the decubitus view and other views. 10. Differentiate between erect and supine views of both the chest and abdomen.

Lesson 5: Positioning of the Hand, Wrist, Digits and Thumb Condition: The focus of this lecture will be on the skill needed to position patients for the hand, wrist, digits

and thumb. In addition, structures demonstrated on each will be discussed, as well as the evaluation criteria needed to determine proper positioning.


1. Discuss the location of each structure for a patient in anatomic position. 2. Recognize and discuss the positions needed for radiographic images of the hand, wrist, digits, and thumb by stating the patient position, central ray placement, SID, and tube angle needed. 3. On a diagram AND radiograph, identify the pertinent anatomy of the hand, wrist, digits and thumb. 4. List the structures best demonstrated on each projection/view. 5. State the proper IR size and placement, as well as marker placement for each projection/view. 6. Identify and evaluate each projection by assessing evaluation criteria as stated in lecture and the text. 7. Identify the proper patient preparation needed prior to performing the examination. 8. State the relevance of the oblique view for the hand, wrist, digits and thumb.

Lesson 6: Positioning of the Forearm, Elbow and Humerus Condition: The focus of this lecture will be on the skill needed to position patients for the forearm and elbow. In

addition, the structures demonstrated on each view will be discussed, as well as the evaluation criteria needed to determine proper positioning. An introduction to trauma views vs. general projections will also take place.


1. Discuss the location of each structure for a patient in anatomic position. 2. Recognize and discuss the positions needed for radiographic images of the forearm, elbow and humerus and by stating the patient position, central ray placement, SID, and tube angle needed. 3. On a diagram AND radiograph, identify the pertinent anatomy of the forearm, elbow and humerus. 4. List the structures best demonstrated on each projection/view. 5. State the proper IR size and placement, as well as marker placement for each projection/view. 6. Identify and evaluate each projection by assessing evaluation criteria as stated in lecture and text. 7. Identify the proper patient preparation needed prior to performing the examination. 8. State the importance of taking two views, 90 degrees from each other, for radiographic examinations of long bones. 9. Differentiate between the trauma and non-trauma patient 10. State the trauma protocols for both the elbow and why used and how they differ from the non-trauma protocol.

Image Evaluation Review Condition: The focus of this lecture will be on the skill needed to properly evaluate positioning and technical factors for

routine images of the chest, abdomen, hand, wrist, digit, thumb, forearm and elbow.


1. Recognize proper positioning, marking and technical factors for all routine images 2. Be able to correct positioning and technical errors for all routine images

Lessons 7 and 8: Positioning of the Shoulder, Scapula, Clavicle and A-C Joints Condition: The focus will be on the skill needed to position patients for the shoulder, scapula, clavicle and A-C Joints

for both trauma and non trauma views. In addition, the structures demonstrated on each view will be discussed, as well as the evaluation criteria needed to determine proper positioning.


1. Discuss the location of each structure for a patient in anatomic position. 2. Recognize and discuss the positions needed for radiographic images of the shoulder, scapula, clavicle and A-C Joints by stating the patient position, central ray placement, SID, and tube angle needed. 3. On a diagram AND radiograph, identify the pertinent anatomy of the shoulder, scapula, clavicle and A-C Joints 4. List the structures best demonstrated on each projection/view. 5. State the proper IR size and placement, as well as marker placement for each projection/view. 6. Identify & evaluate each projection by assessing evaluation criteria as stated in lecture & text. 7. Identify the proper patient preparation needed prior to performing the examination. 9. Differentiate between the trauma and non-trauma patient 10. Differentiate between the trauma & non-trauma protocols for examinations of the shoulder, scapula, clavicle and A-C Joints.

Lesson 9: Positioning of the, Foot and Ankle, Toes and Os Calcis Condition: The focus of this lecture will be on the skill needed to position patients for the foot, ankle toes and os calcis.

In addition, the structures demonstrated on each view will be discussed, as well as the evaluation criteria needed to determine proper positioning.


1. Discuss the location of each structure for a patient in anatomic position. 2. Recognize and discuss the positions needed for radiographic images of the foot, ankle, toes and os calcis by stating the patient position, central ray placement, SID, and tube angle needed. 3. On a diagram AND radiograph, identify the pertinent anatomy of the foot, ankle, toes and os calcis. 4. List the structures best demonstrated on each projection/view. 5. State the proper IR size and placement, as well as marker placement for each projection/view. 6. Identify and evaluate each projection by assessing evaluation criteria as stated in lecture and text. 7. Identify the proper patient preparation needed prior to performing the examination. 8. Differentiate between the two obliques for the examination of the ankle. 9. Discuss the use of positioning aids used for the plantodorsal view of the calcaneus and the oblique

and lateral views of the toes.

Lesson 10: Positioning of the Lower Leg, Knee and Patella Condition: The focus will be on the skill needed to position patients for the lower leg, knee and patella. In addition,

the structures demonstrated on each view will be discussed, as well as the evaluation criteria needed to determine proper positioning. Also, diagonal film placement will also be discussed.

Lesson 10: Positioning of the Lower Leg, Knee and Patella (continued)


1. Discuss the location of each structure for a patient in anatomic position. 2. Recognize and discuss the positions needed for radiographic images of the lower leg, knee and patella by stating the patient position, central ray placement, SID, and tube angle needed. 3. On a diagram AND radiograph, identify the pertinent anatomy of the lower leg, knee and patella. 4. List the structures best demonstrated on each projection/view.

5. State the proper IR size and placement, as well as marker placement for each projection/view. 6. Identify & evaluate each projection by assessing evaluation criteria as stated in lecture & text. 7. Identify the proper patient preparation needed prior to performing the examination. 8. Explain the purpose of diagonal film placement for lower leg. 9. State the measurement criteria used to interpret the tube angle for the examination of the AP knee. 10. Describe a tangential view and be able to identify which of the patella fall into this category. 11. Distinguish a transverse fracture and state why it would restrict the use of a Settegast view of the patella. 12. Recognize that the Settegast view is one tangential view that can be performed using several methods.

Lesson 11: Positioning of the Femur Condition: The focus of this lecture will be on the skill needed to position patients for the femur, for both upper and

lower views to also include AP and Frog Lateral Hip for the Upper views. In addition, the structures demonstrated on each view will be discussed, as well as the evaluation criteria needed to determine proper positioning. The concept of foreshortening will be explained as well as the method to avoid its occurrence during positioning of the upper femur.

Outcomes: At the end of this lecture the will be able to: 1. Discuss the location of each structure for a patient in anatomic position. 2. Recognize and discuss the positions needed for radiographic images of the femur, hip and pelvis by stating the patient position, central ray placement, SID, and tube angle needed. 3. On a diagram AND radiograph, identify the pertinent anatomy of the femur, hip and pelvis 4. List the structures best demonstrated on each projection/view. 5. State the proper size & placement of the IR, and marker placement for each projection/view. 6. Identify & evaluate each projection by assessing evaluation criteria as stated in lecture & text. 7. Identify the proper patient preparation needed prior to performing the examination. 8. Explain why four views are needed to obtain an AP and lateral view of the femur. 9. State and recognize the differences between the male and female pelvis. 10. State the method & recognize when to perform the cross table lateral trauma view of the hip.

Documents

Section D806: Monday, 10:00am to 11:15am - City Tech · practice for RAD 1125 is performed during this hour. Students are required to bring the Pocket Manual to Open Lab as well as