Section B 3 2 UNIT When courage triumphed over fear To master the reading skill To understand the text To practice the phrases and patterns To learn about

Section B

3

2UNIT

When courage triumphed over fear


To master the reading skill

To understand the text

To practice the phrases and patterns

To learn about speech writing

Objectives

Beat your fear

Warming-up

Reading skills

Text study

Comparative study

Contents

Unit project

Section B When courage tr iumphed over fear

Warming-up

Lead-in

Background information


Video Watching

1. Supposing you are in the airplane, how your feeling

may change?

Tips

Tips

2. How to survive an airline crash?

Back

Tips

1. Supposing you are in the airplane, how your feeling may change?

Nervous Fearful Terrified


Tips

To be continued

Preparing for flights safely

• Dress comfortably. Wear long pants, a long-sleeve t-shirt, and sturdy, comfortable, lace-up shoes.

• Sit in the tail of the aircraft. It’s best to get seats as close as possible to an exit, on the aisle, and in the back of the plane.

Bracing for impact

• Brace yourself against the seat in front of you.

• Try and remain calm.

• Put your oxygen mask on before assisting others.


Tips

To be continued

Tips


Surviving the Crash

• Protect yourself from smoke.

• Listen to the flight attendants’ post-crash instructions.

• Ditch your stuff. Get out of the airplane as quickly as possible.

1. landing gear system

2. bumpy landing

3. fuel dumping

Tips

Tips

Tips



Tips Landing gear system is a conventional aircraft tricycle configuration consisting of a nose landing gear ( 前起落架 ) and a left and right main landing gear on an airplane. Each landing gear includes a shock strut ( 减震支柱 ) with two wheel and tire assemblies. Each main landing gear wheel is equipped with a brake assembly with anti-skid protection. The nose landing gear is steerable after nose wheel touchdown at landing.

To be continued



TipsThe nose landing gear is located in the lower forward fuselage ( 机身 ), and the main landing gear are located in the lower left and right wing area adjacent to the mid-fuselage. The landing gear is the structure that supports an aircraft on the ground and allows it to taxi, take off and land. Typically wheels are used. Malfunctions or human errors (or a combination of these) related to retractable landing gear have been the cause of numerous accidents and incidents throughout aviation history.

Background informationBackground information

2. bumpy landing

Tips Bumpy landing is also called hard landing, which may result from emergency landing of any kind, such as wheels-up landing (belly landing),crash landing, etc. Before a bumpy landing, thepassengers are supposed to make preparationsby following the instructions on the safety card,“Tuck your head down on your lap, or againstthe seat in front of you, and brace yourself.”


3. fuel dumping ( 应急放油 )

Tips Fuel dumping is a procedure used by aircraft in emergency situations before returning to a nearby airport shortly after take-off, or before landing short of its intended destination (emergency landing). Many aircraft require the ability to dump fuel because of landing weight restrictions imposed by the manufacturers.

To be continued


Tips

Although a plane may be able to take off at a certain weight, its structure and landing gear may only be able to withstand the impact of landing at a much lower weight. When fully loaded with fuel, most planes are simply too heavy to land safely without risking a landing gear collapse or other disastrous structural failure. Planes are therefore fitted with emergency fuel dump systems that release enough fuel to lighten the aircraft until they can land safely.


3. fuel dumping ( 应急放油 )

Reading skills

Presentation of the skill

Reading skill practice


Writers often tell more than they actually say with words by giving you hints or clues that allow you to draw conclusions from information that is implied. Therefore, you need to learn how to infer so that you can go below the surface details to see what is actually implied (not stated) within the words of the story. Inferring, sometimes called “reading between the lines”, is what occurs when you draw upon prior knowledge to make a prediction about upcoming events in the story.

Making inferences

Successful inferences can be achieved by:1 perceiving the detailed description of an

event, and sometimes the organization of the passage: the introduction, development and conclusion;

2 trying to evoke in mind what prior knowledge you have, and sometimes understand the reasoning and logic of the author;

3 relating the ideas and deducing additional meaning from them.

Making inferences

Example

My hand hit the jetty. It was like an electric shock that brought me back to my senses. (Para. 18, Text A)

Question: What does it imply?

Making inferences

We can infer from the above information that the author had almost lost his senses while he was trying to rescue the child. Concentrating all his efforts on the rescue task, he was unable to think about anything irrelevant. Having finished the rescue successfully, he felt totally relaxed. That is why when his hand hit the jetty, he suddenly resumed all his senses like being shocked by electricity and he knew that he was safe.

Making inferences

As you read Text B the first time, use contextual clues, common sense and your knowledge to guess the possible answers to the questions between the paragraphs. Then compare your answers with your partner’s to see if both of you understand the author’s meaning in the same way.

Making inferences

Practice

Making inferences

1. What does “knowing grins” imply? “Knowing grins” implies that they regarded

bumping as a common occurrence in flight.

2. What does the news provided by the pilot imply? Based on our prior knowledge about what

happens if there is something wrong with the nose-wheel steering and the whole landing gear system, we can infer that the passengers and the crew were all in danger, and it was highly possible that the plane would crash.

Making inferences

3. What does the last sentence “The mother’s gaze held the child so fixed and intent …” imply?

This sentence shows that the mother’s gaze at the child displayed a deep care and concern, which calmed down the child in order to keep her from being influenced by the outside dangers, implying that mother’s love was so great that it could help the little child conquer all the outside fears.

4. What implication can you draw from this paragraph? This paragraph tells a simple truth that their survival

from the possible air crash was a miracle, and a lot of luck.

Text study

Text comprehension

Language focus

Critical thinking


1. When the author says “only now can I speak of it without tears filling my eyes at the memory”, his implication is that ___________. (Para. 1)

2. When did the airplane begin to bump according to the text? (Para. 3)

3. When the pilot soon provided some grave news regarding the flight, the travelers were ______________. (Para. 7)

4. When hearing the grave news, the woman mentioned in the text was ________________ . (Para. 8)

5. When hearing the grave news, how did the author respond? (Para.8)

6. The little girl was not panicked because _______. (Para.11)

7. The tragedy the travelers feared didn’t turn to be their destiny _____________. (Para.16)

8. What is the purpose of the story? (Para.18)

Questions previewing

he is calm and quiet now

1. When the author says “only now can I speak of it

without tears filling my eyes at the memory”, his

implication is that ___________________. (Para. 1)

Tips

Shortly after the plane took off.

2. When did the airplane begin to bump according to

the text? (Para. 3)

Tips

原句：Immediately upon take-off, long before we hadreached our cruising altitude, it was clear thatsomething was wrong. (Para.3, L9)

解释 : Just when the plane took off, and long before we could climb very high, there was, obviously, something wrong.

译文：飞机刚一起飞，远未达到巡航高度时，我们就

明显感到有什么不对劲。

Sentence interpretation

3. When the pilot soon provided some grave news regarding the flight, the travelers were ____________. (Para. 7)

Tips

A. still very calm

B. angry

C. frightened and panickedD. confident

Choose the best answer to the question.

4. When hearing the grave news, the woman mentioned in the text was ___________________. (Para. 8)

Tips

calm and peaceful

The author was initially terrified

but later calmed down.

5. When hearing the grave news, how did the author respond? (Para. 8)

Tips

原句：Despite the circumstance, there was no angry emotion or tension, and this calm voice evoked a calm in me that quieted some of my initial fears. It became imperative that I find her. (Para. 8, L35)

解释 : Although the surroundings were in disorder, there were no angry emotion or stressed feelings in this calm voice, which helped to produce a calm in me. I was not frightened any more.

译文：尽管形势危急，这个平静的声音既没有愤怒之情也没有紧张，唤醒了我内心的镇静，抚平了我最初的恐惧。


6. The little girl was not panicked because ________.

(Para.11)

Tips

A. she didn’t hear the grave news

B. she was blind and deaf

C. she was fixed and intent on her mother

D. she was too small to know anything

Choose the best answer to the question.


原句：The mother’s gaze held the child so fixed andintent that the child seemed untouched by thesounds of grief and fear all around her. (Para. 11, L47)

解释 : The child’s total attention was calmly fixed on her mother, who was paying undivided and calmly fixed attention to her child. This made the child unaffected by the chaos around her and her mother.译文：母亲凝视的目光让孩子听得聚精会神，似乎一点也不为周围人们哀伤和惊恐的声音所动。

不为 ··· 所动


because their landing gear unbelievably held

7. The tragedy the travelers feared didn’t turn to be their destiny ________________. (Para.16)

Tips


译文：我们着地顺利、轻松；我们所恐惧的悲剧并没有成

为我们的宿运。

着地顺利、轻松原句：Our touchdown was smooth and easy; the tragedy we had feared was not our destiny. (Para. 16, L61)

解释 : The plane landed smoothly and without difficulty. The air crash we had all worried about did not become our fate.


8. What is the purpose of the story? (Para.18)

TipsTo show the greatest courage out of a

mother’s greater love.


Six years ago, when I took a flight, I saw real

courage. Immediately upon _________, long before we

had reached our ________________, it was clear that

something was wrong. We ___________ travelers knew

that they were just ____________________ and

__________. Soon our _______________ were

disappearing. The pilot soon provided some ______ news

take-off

cruising altitude

experienced

some minor problems

turbulence relaxed attitudes

grave

Text summary

To be continued

________ the flight. Because of the problems with

_______________, the passengers and the crew were

all in danger. Most travelers looked ___________ and

grim. However, somewhere in my _________, I

__________ a still calm voice underlying the panic. This

calm voice of a mother _______ a calm in me that

quieted some of my ______ fears. Only the greatest

courage had brought that mother up and ______ her

above the chaos around her. It is the voice of true

courage, showing the ________________ of love.

regarding

the landing gear

vulnerable

proximity

overheard

evoked

initial

lifted

amazing power

Text summary

Practical Phrases Specific Meanings1. settle back 舒服地躺（坐）下2. on board 在船上；在飞机上；3. in the event of sth. 万一… ；假若…4. in / into position 在适当的位置5. over and over (again) 再三地；重复地6. for sure 肯定地；确切地7. no earthly reason / use, etc. 毫无缘由 / 用处等8. hint of 少许；微量；（细微

的）迹象

Language focus

Practical phrases

舒服地躺（坐）下

(settle back / burn the mid-night oil)After he burned the mid-night oil yesterday, now he

settled back comfortably in his new chair.

settle back短语逆译

短语应用昨天晚上熬了一夜，现在他舒服地靠在新椅子上。

意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

在船上；在飞机上 on board短语逆译

(take this cruise / on board/ seasick ) I was very excited about taking this cruise, butafter two days on board, I got so seasick that Iwanted to go back home.

短语应用对这次航行，我本来非常激动，但在船上呆了两天我就因为晕船得厉害想回家了。意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

万一… ；假若…

(call for/ in the event of sth.)

Don’t worry about me too much. I can call for help in the event of an emergency.

in the event of sth.短语逆译

短语应用不要太担心我，紧急情况下我可以打电话求助。

意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

在适当的位置

(dislocate his shoulder/ into position)

While playing soccer, John dislocated his shoulder and had to go to the hospital where he got his shoulder put back into position.

in / into position短语逆译

短语应用约翰踢球时肩膀脱臼了，他只好去医院把肩膀复位。

意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

再三地；重复地

(turn a deaf ear to )

I’ve told you over and over again not to do that, but you always turn a deaf ear to what I said.

over and over (again)短语逆译

短语应用

我一再跟你讲不要那么做，但你总是置若罔闻。

意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

肯定地；确切地

(honestly /lose my wallet/for sure )

When I honestly tell her I lost my wallet, shemust believe me for sure.

for sure短语逆译

短语应用当我坦诚告诉她我钱包丢了时，她肯定会相信我。意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

毫无缘由 / 用处等

(no earthly reason/ powerful wind / spare our home )

There was no earthly reason why the powerful wind, which destroyed almost the entire village, spared our home.

no earthly reason / use, etc.

短语逆译

短语应用天知道为什么这次大风几乎把村里的一切都摧毁了，而唯独我家却得以幸免。意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

少许；微量（细微的）迹象

(speak about / the tragic events / hint of ) When she spoke about the tragic events, there was more than a hint of sadness in her voice.

hint of短语逆译

短语应用她谈起那些悲剧事件的时候，声音中流露出深切的哀伤。

意群提示

Language focus

Practical phrases

Functional Patterns Functions & Usages

1. Only now can I... 用于强调很长时间以来都有某种感受。

2. It is / was not long before… 用于表达“用不了多久就会发生某事”。

3. It is / becomes imperative / essential / crucial / vital / important / necessary that…

用于强调某事的必要性和重要性。

Language focus

Functional patterns

我六年前在乘坐的一架航班上就见识了。只到现在，凭记忆述说这件事的时候，我才不致热泪盈眶。

原句译文

逆译练习I saw it on a flight I took six years ago, and only now can I speak of it without tears filling my eyes at the memory. (Para. 1)

句型提炼

Language focus

Functional patterns

Only now can I...

句型提炼

应用提示

用于强调“很长时间以来都有某种感受”。

句型应用

Language focus

Functional patterns

(the denial of change / only now can I)

Change is the denial of change, and only now can I put this question: is there a change at all?

典型例句转变是对改变的否定，只有现在我才能提出这个问题：究竟有转变这回事吗？

意群提示

Language focus

Functional patterns

没过多久我们放松的心情就开始消失了。

原句译文

逆译练习

It wasn’t long before our relaxed attitudes began to evaporate. (Para. 4)

句型提炼

Language focus

Functional patterns

It is / was not long before …

句型提炼

应用提示

用于表达“用不了多久就会发生某事”。

句型应用

Language focus

Functional patterns

(It wasn’t long before/ persuade)

It wasn’t long before she had persuaded him to go with her to the theater.

典型例句她没用多久就说服他一起去看电影了。

意群提示

Language focus

Functional patterns

我急需找到她。

原句译文

逆译练习It became imperative that I find her. (Para. 8)

句型提炼

Language focus

Functional patterns

It is / becomes imperative / essential / crucial / vital/important / necessary that …

句型提炼

应用提示

用于强调某事的必要性和重要性。

句型应用

Language focus

Functional patterns

(It’s essential that)

It’s essential that we put everything on the table for discussion.

典型例句我们把事情摆到桌面上来讨论，这一点很重要。

意群提示

Language focus

Functional patterns

1. 休闲阅读 light reading

2. 巡航高度 cruising altitude

3. 会心一笑 knowing grins

4. 泰然处之 act relaxed

5. 可怕的消息 grave news

6. 机械故障 the problems with the mechanisms

7. 免俗 immune to its terror

8. 咬紧牙关 grind their teeth

9. 目不转睛 stare full into

10. 她心系女儿安危。 Her first concern was for her daughter’s well-being.

Language focus

Genuine collocations

从飞机油箱里倒出的成百上千加仑的汽油就从舷窗外飞流直下，没有什么比

这种景象更能让人感到事态的严重。

a. No sight has ever been so

sobering as that fuel,

hundreds of gallons of it,

streaming past my window

out of the plane’s tanks.

Language focus

Language appreciation

b. It was a woman’s voice,

speaking in an absolutely

normal conversational tone.

Despite the circumstance, there

was no angry emotion or

tension, and this calm voice

evoked a calm in me that

quieted some of my initial fears.

这是一位女性的声音，说话语调完全就像普通聊天一样正常。尽管形势危急，这个平静的声音既没有愤怒之情也没有紧张，唤醒了我内心的镇静，抚平了我最初的恐惧。

Language focus


c. The child listened closely,

sensing that her mother’s

words were invaluable. The

mother’s gaze held the child

so fixed and intent that the

child seemed untouched by

the sounds of grief and fear

all around her.

孩子仔细聆听，意识到母

亲的话语的分量。母亲凝视的目光让孩子听得聚精

会神，似乎一点也不为周围人们哀伤和惊恐的声音

所动。

Language focus


在飞机下坠的过程中，见惯世事的商人们当时说话

声中无不流露出恐惧。只有最伟大的勇气，以更伟

大的爱为根基，才支撑起这位母亲，使她超然于周

围的混乱之上。 d. During that descent, not one

of the hardened business

people could have spoken

without a hint of fear in their

voice. Only the greatest

courage, with a foundation

of even greater love, had

brought that mother up and

lifted her above the chaos

around her.

Language focus


2. What other factors besides love do you think could help people face challenges in life?

1. How do you understand that love acts as a source to overcome our inner fear?

3. What would you suggest if a student is frightened by examinations?

Tips

Tips

Tips

4. How can we help the survivors of earthquakes to overcome fear? Tips

Critical thinking

Further discussion

1. How do you understand that love acts as a source to overcome our inner fear?

Tips

• Love generates strength and confidence which help to overcome our inner fear.

• Love is able to bring into full play the most courageous acts in the world, and love can conquer our inner fear.

• Becoming a more loving person toward others will help you to transcend your fear. Becoming more loving toward yourself will help you to heal your fear.

Critical thinking

Further discussion

2. What other factors besides love do you think could help people face challenges in life?

Tips

• Confidence may strengthen our determination to handle any difficulties we are confronted with.

• A sense of purpose in our life is critical. • A strong social network is also useful.• Optimism can always make us filled with hope. • Necessary problem-solving skills and strategies

are most crucial to our performance when we are facing challenges.

Critical thinking

Further discussion

Tips to keep fear away during exams:• Prepare well in advance and do not mug up.• Make time to relax.• Revise properly. In order to prevent anxiety,

the last few weeks before the examination should be spent revising each subject.

• Be flexible during the exam.

Tips

3. What would you suggest if a student is frightened by examinations?

Critical thinking

Further discussion

• It can be important to visit with a qualified therapist who can help the survivor identify the root causes of the fear and address those underlying reasons for the fear response.

• Support groups can be helpful.• Sometimes fear can be removed in much the

same way as an onion is peeled.

Tips

4. How can we help the survivors of earthquakes to overcome fear?

Critical thinking

Further discussion

1. Do you know how to interpret the Chinese

character “勇” ?

2. What is the Western tradition of “courage”?

Tips

Tips

Critical thinking

Cultural Exploration

• The radical of character “ 力” (strength) is a principal component of the Chinese character “ 勇” , therefore, “ 勇” is related to the power.

• Chinese character “勇” , as an ingredient of the Confucian ethics, means to be courageous with mercy and wisdom.

Tips

1. Do you know how to interpret Chinese character “勇” ?

Critical thinking

Cultural exploration

• Ancient Greek philosophy regards courage or fortitude as one of the four cardinal virtues, along with prudence, justice, and temperance.

• Courage is also one of the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit. Only through love and charity can we call the natural virtue of courage a Christian virtue.

• Courage is often depicted as having tamed the ferocious lion.

2. What is the Western tradition of “courage”?

Tips

Critical thinking

Cultural exploration

Thematic study

Comparative study

Thematic study

Language features analysis


2. How could you, a college student, blossom into a courageous person?

1. Comparison between the courageous and the faint-hearted.

Tips

Tips

1. Comparison between the courageous and the faint-hearted.

The courageous

1. Be brave;2. Be firmly and powerful;3. Be immovably and wisely;4. Be persistent and embrace the success;5. With love and charity.

The faint-hearted

1. Be scared;2. With symptoms of the fear; 3. Be paralyzed with fear;4. Be easy to quit and welcome the failure;5. With moral courage.

Tips

2. How could you, a college student, blossom into a courageous person?

• Courageously, I shall make the choice to accept the challenges before me rather than forever let others make my decisions.

• We are not born with courage, but neither are we born with fear. Study some school mottoes including courage and learn from people with brave hearts.

• The ethics spirit should be revived in the contemporary university moral education.

Based on your study of

the two texts, compare

the writing styles of the

two texts in terms of their

typical language features.

1. What are the typical language features of the two texts?

2. List more examples from the text to support your ideas.

Tips

Tips

Text B is typical of comparison andcontrast.

1. What are the typical language features of the two texts?

TipsText A contains a lot of detailed psychological description.

2. List more examples from the text to support your ideas.

TipsText A The climax and the turning point is that the author made the single big decision to throw himself into the water. It is either physical or emotional.At the beginning, the author was still hesitant about saving the boy; but after intense mental struggle, especially when he saw no one was there, he was determined to save the boy. Text B The different responses toward the bumpy landing from different people on the plane, do great help to arrive at naturally the unit theme.

Unit project

Doing a report

Report writing


Doing a report on “How can one conquer the fear of delivering a speech in public?”

Doing a report

Many students nowadays have the fear of public speaking. They lack both the confidence and skills to speak in public. However, given its important role in our career, public speaking is necessary for each one of us irrespective of our age or profession. In this unit, you are going to write a report on how to conquer the fear of delivering a public speech.

Doing a report

1 Read and discuss the questions about delivering a public speech.

2 Interview two or three senior students good at delivering public speech. Prepare your interview questions in advance, and the following three questions are provided for reference.

3 Work in groups. Summarize the strategies or suggestions you collected from the interview and write a report.

4 Present your findings to the class.

Doing a report

Writing a report on “How to Conquer the Fear of Delivering a Speech in Public”

You may include the following points:

• Difficulties college students have in giving a

public speech ；• Your interview:

√ Who you interviewed;√ Questions you asked;√ Advice the interviewees gave;√ Your suggestions on giving a public speech.

Report writing

You may use the following expressions in your writing.

• To fear is natural; to see past them is heroic.

• To accept one’s fears is to be mature and

challenged.

• You have to believe in yourself. That's the

secret of success.－ Charles Chaplin

Report writing

The End


Documents

Section B 3 2 UNIT When courage triumphed over fear To master the reading skill To understand the text To practice the phrases and patterns To learn about