Section B 1 6 UNIT Earn as you learn? To master the reading skill To understand the text To practice the phrases and patterns To learn to conduct a survey

Section B

1

6 Earn as you learn?UNIT

Earn as you learn?

Earn as you learn?

To master the reading skill

To understand the text

To practice the phrases and patterns

To learn to conduct a survey

Objectives

Warming-up

Reading skills

Text study

Comparative study

Contents

Unit project

Earn as you learn?Section B

Warming-up

Lead-in

Background information

Section B Earn as you learn?

1. How can students strike a balance between work and study?

Discuss and answer the following questions

Tips

Tips

2. How do you feel about the students who work to pay their own tuition?

Lead-in

It is no easy task for a working student to strike a balance between work and study. The following tips may help: • good time management: Plan your time wisely and you can

make the best out of it.• modest working hours: Working too long can weaken your

health and affect your school performance. • efficiency in work and study: Learn to work and study more

efficiently because higher efficiency saves your time and energy.

• good health: Get good sleep and do some exercises. After all, you can neither work nor study if you are sick.

Lead-in

Tips

1. How can students strike a balance between work and study?

Discuss and answer the following questions.

Tips

Lead-in

•I admire the students who work to pay their own tuition as long as they are still performing well academically because they are independent, responsible and self-motivated. They have to work harder on fewer hours of sleep, but certainly they will find it rewarding as they have made full use of their time in college. What’s more, the skills they learn from their part-time work will put them in a more advantageous position when seeking employment after graduation. They also share the financial burden with their parents by paying their own tuition. Therefore, I think we should learn from them.


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Tips

Lead-in

• I feel pity for the working students as they are not able to fully enjoy their college life like many other students. They have less time to study or to do other fun activities. They may have fewer true friends as they are busy with making money. Though they can gain some work experience, that may not be helpful for their future careers because part-time work usually involves labor work rather than professional work. They may feel regretful after graduation because only by then will they know what they have missed as a college student.



1. What is credit hour?

2. How can a student receive credit hour?

3. Is there a minimum number of credits required for graduation from school?

Tips

Tips

Tips

Background information Credit Hour

1. What is credit hour?

In the United States, a student in college or university

earns credits when completing a course successfully.

Credit hour refers to credit in a school or college, usually

representing one hour of class per week for one

semester.

Tips



There are various systems of credits, but students

typically receive credit hours based on the number of

“contact hours” for one semester. A contact hour refers

to an hour of scheduled instruction (a 50-minute

session) given to students.

Tips

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A semester credit hour, or SCH, is normally granted for

satisfactory completion of one contact hour of classroom

instruction per week for a semester of at least 15 weeks.

Typically, a 3 SCH course meets three 50-minute

sessions per week for 15 weeks. Most college and

university courses are 3 SCH or 45 contact hours.

Tips


3. Is there a minimum number of credits required for graduation from school?

Yes, there is generally a minimum number of credits

required to graduate. A schedule of 12 to 19 SCH is

considered a full-time semester load. Many colleges

consider 12 SCH a minimum full-time load for

students to be qualified for financial aid.

Tips


Reading skills

Presentation of the skill

Reading skill practice


Signal words can be a valuable aid in predicting what is coming next; they can also help to identify the pattern the writer is using to get the point(s) across. Signal words may be found anywhere in a paragraph to show relations between sentence parts, between sentences, or even between paragraphs.


Understanding signal words

Examples and Explanation

This unit focuses on the various types of signal words that are commonly used, illustrated with more examples from Text A besides the example(s) provided in the Student’s Book.



1. Words that signal additional information: also, and, furthermore, additionally, moreover, too, in addition, not only … but also …These words signal that more information is to be added to what you just read. For example: On the other hand, we also detected a different pattern. (Para. 3)Here “also” indicates that in addition to the pattern mentioned in Paragraph 2, there is one more pattern to be discussed.



2. Words that signals an example or explanation: say, for example, for instance, in other words, such as. These words signal that examples are provided to explain the principal or general idea. For example:A heavy commitment to a part-time job during the academic year, say, working 20 hours per week or more,



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undermines and significantly interferes with school achievement and commitment. (Para. 2)Writers often use examples to help readers understand their ideas better. In the above sentence, “say” is used to signal that an example is to be provided.



3. Words that signal a summary or conclusion: therefore, consequently, thus, in summary, to summarize, in conclusion.These words are used to signal that the discussion is ending and a summary or conclusion is to be provided. For example:


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We conclude that students should resolve to work no more than 10 hours per week if they want to be successful in school. (Para. 9)The writer often uses a signal at the end of a paragraph or a passage to tell the readers that he is making a summary or conclusion. Noticing the summary signals will help you get the main idea of a paragraph or passage or the opinion of the writer very quickly. Here “conclude” signals that a conclusion is to be made.



4. Words that signal a change of thought: although, but, however, instead, nevertheless, whereas, on the other hand, on the contrary.These words signal that there is a change in thought, and that something different or even opposite is being said. For example:Whereas it is true that more disengaged students are more likely to work long hours to begin with, it appears that working makes a marginal situation worse. (Para. 4)


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Although mind-wandering during school is characteristic of young adults, working students report significantly more of it than non-workers. (Para. 7)Clearly, words such as “although” and “whereas” signal that the writer is changing his direction of thought. With “Although mind-wandering …”, the writer is modifying the saying with different


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information: working students are more mind-wandering than non-workers. Similarly, with “Whereas it is true that …”, the author signals that while he agrees that “more disengaged students are more likely to work long hours to begin with”, he is suggesting a different idea, that is, “working makes a marginal situation worse”.



5. Words that signal comparison or contrast: same, while, whereas, different from, more / less than, in / by contrast, in comparison, be comparable to.These words signal that one idea is going to be compared with another. For example:While in some countries students have always been expected to absorb part or even all of their tuition costs through work or borrowing, in other countries the



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tremendous cost of attending university has been provided by the relevant education authority or by parents. (Para. 1, Text B)The signal word “while” helps to signal that a comparison is being made. The author makes a comparison of how to shoulder the university tuition in different countries.



6. Words that signal a sequence or time order: one, two, three; first, second, third; next; then; finally. These words signal that there is an order to the ideas. Information that is presented in order is usually more meaningful. Therefore, when you see these words in reading material, pay attention to the order in which the material is arranged. For example:Finally, working long hours can be


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associated with increased alcohol and drug use. Working students use drugs and alcohol about 33% more often than non-working students. (Para. 8)In Text A, the author lists four explanations to the undesirable effects that employment has on student performance. “First”, “Second”, “Third”, and “Finally” are used to make the writing well-organized. These signals can guide us to follow the ideas presented by the author one by one.



7. Words that signal cause, condition, or result: because, as, owing to, if, then, therefore, consequently, in turn, as a result.These words suggest that a cause, condition, or result is coming up. For example:According to our studies, alcohol and drug use, in turn, may be linked to disengagement from school, and



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therefore, is likely to depress school performance. (Para. 8) When you are reading something, especially a difficult material, information is easier to understand and remember when the author gives reasons or results for the information. In the above sentence, “in turn”, and “therefore” make it clear that “alcohol and drug abuse” can lead to “disengagement from school” and



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“depress school performance”. These signals make it easier for you to understand the sentences. The following are two more examples:Over time, as these become established practices, students’ commitment to school is eroded bit by bit. (Para. 5)We conclude that students should resolve to work no more than 10 hours per week if they want to be successful in school. (Para. 9)



8. Words that signal emphasis: above all, indeed, most of all, it’s time to / that, important to note, most importantlyThese words signal that what is said is important. For example:It’s time to abandon this appealing myth! (Para. 9)Here “It’s time” is used to express the urgency of getting rid of the wrong idea that working may help build character.



Practice:Read Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 7 of Text B and underline the signal words.



Para. 1 As the cost of attending university has soared over the last two decades, a frank and vigorous debate is emerging over who should pay for the cost of higher education. While in some countries students have always been expected to absorb part or even all of their tuition costs through work or borrowing, in other countries the tremendous cost of



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contrast signals

cause-and-effect signal

attending university has been provided by the relevant education authority or by parents. I am proud to be in the small minority of students who “earn as they learn” and absorb the cost of their own university education in spite of the many obstacles.


Understanding signal wordsaddition signal

Para. 7 I am aware that my work and study choices are not popular and that many influential studies claim to illustrate that working while going to school negatively impacts educational performance. They cite increased dropout rates, lower scores and reduced lifetime earnings. Besides,



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addition signal

these studies also give evidence that many students exhaust much of their earnings not on school, but on entertainment and partying while attending school. The studies also show increased abuse of alcohol and drugs, which leads me to question these students’ resolve and commitment to the serious side of life.



signal for a change of thought

addition signals

Text study

Text comprehension

Language focus

Critical thinking


Text comprehension

1. How did the author pay his university education cost? (Para. 1)2. According to the author, what is the major reason for many students not to pay their own tuition by themselves? (Para. 2)3. How did his peers react when they learned that the author worked to pay his own tuition? (Para. 2)4. What part-time jobs did the author do to cover his education costs? (Para. 3)5. What is the purpose of the word “did” used in the first line of Para.4? (Para. 4)

Questions Previewing

Text comprehension

6. What does the author want to show with the example of the girl student from a wealthy family? (Paras. 4 - 6)7. According to the author, what is the actual cause of increased abuse of alcohol and drugs among many working students? (Para. 7)8. What benefits has the author reaped from working while study? (Paras. 8 - 10) 9. What’s the function of the word “furthermore” used in Para.10? (Para. 10)10. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the last paragraph? (Para. 11)

Questions Previewing

1. How did the author pay his university education cost? (Para. 1)

earn as they learn; absorb the cost; their own university education

Tips

Text comprehension

The author paid his tuition by working part-time.

原句：I am proud to be in the small minority of students who “earn as they learn” and absorb the cost of their own university education in spite of the many obstacles. (Para. 1, L6 - 7)

解释 : I feel proud that I am among the small number of students who make money as they study and cover the cost of their own university education although there are many difficulties to do so.译文：我是少数派学生中的一员，通过“勤工助学”、克服种种困难去承担自己的学费，我为此而感到自豪。

Text comprehension

Sentence Interpretation

占少数

虽然，不顾，尽管

2. According to the author, what is the major reason for many students not to pay their own tuition by themselves? (Para.2)

They are not willing to pay or contribute.

simply not wanting to pay or contributeTips

Text comprehension

3. How did his peers react when they learned that the author worked to pay his own tuition? (Para. 2)

look at me blankly; as though I’d gone

to the moon

Tips

Text comprehension

They were very surprised.

原句：As for the remaining majority, I ask myself, “Is it me, or are students these days just lazy?” (Para. 2, L1)

解释 : When it comes to the majority of students who do not “earn as they learn”, I ask myself, “Am I special, or are students these days just too lazy to work?”

译文：至于其他大多数人，我问自己：“是我情况特殊，还是现在的学生就是懒惰呢？”

Text comprehension


4. What part-time jobs did the author do to cover his education costs? (Para. 3)

Tips

Text comprehension

1. working as a day care provider

2. working as a tutor in a private school

3. helping deaf children

5. What is the purpose of the word “did” used in the first line of Para.4? (Para. 4)

The word “did” is used here to signal emphasis.

Tips

Text comprehension

6. What does the author want to show with the example of the girl student from a wealthy family? (Paras. 4 - 6)

having to work and multitask; force you to prioritize; a skill she hadn’t learned

Tips

Text comprehension

Working part-time may help one prioritize their tasks.

7. According to the author, what is the actual cause of increased abuse of alcohol and drugs among many working students? (Para. 7)

Tips

Text comprehension

They do not have a serious attitude toward life.

lead me to question; students’ resolve and commitment; to the serious side of life

译文：而且，这些研究还提供证据证明，在大学期间许多学生并没有把大部分赚来的钱用在学习上，而是用在娱乐和聚会上。

Text comprehension


原句：Besides, these studies also give evidence that many students exhaust much of their earnings not on school, but on entertainment and partying while attending school. (Para. 7, L4 - 6)解释 : In addition, these studies also prove that instead of using most of their income on their education, many students spend the money they made on entertaining themselves and attending parties.

提供证据用完；耗尽

8. What benefits has the author reaped from working while study? (Paras. 8 - 10)

1. The author doesn’t have to pay for debts after graduation. 2. The author has made his parents happy by becoming a responsible adult.3. The author has relieved his parents of the burden to pay for his tuition.

Tips

Text comprehension

解释 : Free from this great worry, I am certain that I will be able to make wise choices about my career that will bring me greater sense of fulfillment and make sure that I get better pay in future years.译文：没有了这个大包袱，我确信我能明智地选择能让我获得更大的个人满足感并保证今后有更称心收入的职业。

Text comprehension


原句：Relieved of this considerable burden, I am convinced that I will be able to make intelligent career choices that will provide me with greater personal satisfaction and ensure better pay over the years to come. (Para. 8, L3-5)

解除某人的负担确信

9. What’s the function of the words “furthermore” used in Para. 10? (Para. 10)

“Furthermore” is a signal word to indicate that one more benefit of doing part-time jobs is shown in addition to the one mentioned in lines 1 - 2, Para. 10.

Tips

Text comprehension

10. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the last paragraph? (Para. 11)

To call on other students to work part-time while studying.

Tips

Text comprehension

As the cost of university education has _______ over the

last two decades, a _________________ is emerging

over who should pay for the cost of higher education.

While many students claim that they have no ________

to pay or contribute, I am proud to be

__________________ of students who “earn as they

learn” and _______ the cost of their own university

education. I worked for two _____ years and managed

to cover all the costs of my education.

soared

vigorous debate

capacity

in the small minority

Text comprehension

Text Summary

absorb

solid

Meanwhile, I pulled straight A’s and was at the top of my

class. I reaped really _________________ of the “earn-

as-you-learn” approach. First, having to work hard and

multitask forces me to ___________. Besides, upon

graduation, I was free from the ___________ stress and

tension of debt payments. Furthermore, I have made my

parents happy by becoming a responsible adult. Last

but not least, I have _________ my parents _____the

burden to pay for my tuition.

relieved

prioritize

substantial

Text comprehension

Text Summary

authentic benefits

of

Practical PhrasesLanguage focus

Practical Phrases Specific Meanings

1. be in the / a minority 占少数2. a matter of doing sth. 是（做某事）的问题3. look back 回忆起；回顾4. be envious of 妒忌的；羡慕的5. catch / get / have a glimpse of sb. / sth.

一瞥；飞快地一看

6. be aware of 知道；意识到7. relieve sb. of sth. 解除某人的负担

占少数

( be in the minority / local council )

Their party is only in the minority on the local

council.

be in the / a minority 短语逆译

短语应用在地方议会里他们的政党只占少数。

意群提示

Language focus Practical Phrases

是（做某事）的问题 a matter of doing sth.短语逆译

(reduce cheating / a matter of)

Reducing cheating on campus is not just a matter of giving severe punishments.

短语应用要减少校园作弊现象不单是进行严厉惩罚的问题。

意群提示


回忆起；回顾

(look back on / happy days / at college) I always look back on those happy days I spent at college.

look back短语逆译

短语应用我总是回忆起在大学里度过的那段快乐时光。

意群提示


妒忌的；羡慕的

(be envious of / good fortune) He repeatedly told his son not to be envious of others’ good fortune.

be envious of短语逆译

短语应用他反复跟儿子说，不要羡慕别人的好运气。

意群提示


一瞥；飞快地一看

(gather / catch a glimpse of)

Thousands of people had gathered, hoping to catch a glimpse of the Queen.

catch / get / have a glimpse of sb. / sth.短语逆译

短语应用成千上万的人聚集起来，都想一睹女王的风采。意群提示


知道；意识到

(be aware of / sunbathing)

Most people are aware of the dangers of sunbathing.

be aware of短语逆译

短语应用大多数人都知道晒日光浴的危险。

意群提示


解除某人的负担

(repetitive work)

Robots relieve people of dull and repetitive work.

relieve sb. of sth.短语逆译

短语应用机器人将人类从单调重复的工作中解脱出来。

意群提示


Language focus

Functional Patterns Functions & Usages

1. As sth. has soared / increased / declined / dropped / changed over…, a frank and vigorous / heated debate is emerging over sth. else.

用于表达“随着某种事物的急剧攀升 / 提高 / 下降/ 变化”，某种现象成为热点话题。

2. Sb. claims that … Sb. else thinks / argues / asserts / believes / holds it’s more a matter of sb. simply not doing sth.

用于表达“反驳某人的观点，强调某人做某事所存在的问题”。

3. The study shows / indicates / suggests / illustrates …, the study also gives evidence / proves that …

用于表达“某研究所提供的证据及结果”。

Functional Patterns

句型提炼

随着近 20 年上大学费用的急剧攀升，高等教育费用应该由谁支付的问题引发了坦诚而激烈的争论。

原句译文

逆译练习As the cost of attending university has soared over the last two decades, a frank and vigorous debate is emerging over who should pay for the cost of higher education. (Para. 1, L1 - 2)

Language focus Functional Patterns

句型应用

As sth. has soared / increased / declined / dropped / changed over …, a frank and vigorous / heated debate is emerging over sth. else.

句型提炼

应用提示

用于表达“随着某种事物的急剧攀升 / 提高 / 下降 / 变化”，某种现象成为热点话题”。


(living standard / College Entrance Examination / study abroad)

As people’s living standard has greatly improved over the last decade, a heated debate is emerging over whether to give up College Entrance Examination and study abroad or not.

典型例句随着近 10 年人们生活水平的显著提高，是否要放弃高考到海外留学已经成为了热点话题。意群提示


句型提炼

他们统统说自己没有支付大学学费的能力。我认为，倒不如说是他们不想自己出钱或不愿分担学费。

原句译文

逆译练习Collectively, they claim that they have no capacity to pay for college. I think, it’s more a matter of them simply not wanting to pay or contribute. (Para.2, L3)

Language focus Functional patterns

句型应用

Sb. claims that…. Sb. else thinks / argues / asserts / believes / holds it’s more a matter of sb. simply not doing sth.

句型提炼

应用提示

用于表达“反驳某人的观点，强调某人做某事所存在的问题”。


(a matter of fact / put one’s heart into )

Some students claim that they have no time to study. I think, it’s more a matter of them simply not putting their hearts into study.

典型例句有些学生声称自己没时间学习，我认为，倒不如说他们根本就没有把学习放在心上。

意群提示


句型提炼

有很多颇有影响的研究声称半工半读会给学习成绩带来负面影响。而且，这些研究还提供证据证明，在大学期间许多学生并没有把大部分赚来的钱用在学习上，而是用在娱乐和聚会玩乐上。

原句译文

逆译练习Many influential studies claim to illustrate that working while going to school negatively impacts educational performance. Besides, these studies also give evidence that many students exhaust much of their earnings not on school, but on entertainment and partying while attending school. (Para. 7, L1 - 6)


句型应用

The study gives evidence / proves that …, the study also shows / indicates / suggests / illustrates that …

句型提炼

应用提示

用于表达“某研究所提供的证据及结果”。


(be expected to / relieve sb. of / accumulate experience for)

The study indicates that a majority of college students are expected to take part-time jobs to pay for their college education and relieve their parents of financial burden. The study also gives evidence that some students hope to take part-time jobs to accumulate experience for future jobs.

典型例句这项研究表明，大部分大学生希望通过勤工助学来付学费，减轻父母的负担。研究还提供证据证明，还有部分学生希望通过勤工助学为将来的工作积累经验。意群提示


1. 坦诚而激烈的争论 a frank and vigorous debate

2. 提供一切日常所需 provide one with every necessity

3. 在班里名列前茅 be at top of one’s class

4. 学习成绩 educational performance

5. 明智地选择职业 make intelligent career choices

6. 获得更大的个人满足

provide me with greater personal satisfaction

7. 保证有称心收入 ensure better pay

8. 教育资助途径 approach to educational funding

9. 自我资助之路 path of self-support

10.持续发展的人生 a sustainable life

Language focus Genuine Collocations

我是“勤工助学”、克服许多困难去承担自己学费的少数学生中的一员，我为此而感到自豪。 a. I am proud to be in the small

minority of students who “earn as

they learn” and absorb the cost of

their own university education in

spite of the many obstacles.

(para.1, L6)

Language focus Language Appreciation

令人惊异的事是：我门门功课都得 A ，在班里名列前茅！

b. Here’s something amazing:

I pulled straight A’s and was at

the top of my class! (para.5,

L3)


没有了这个大包袱，我确信我就能明智地选择

让我获得更大的个人满足、并保证今后有更称

心收入的职业。 c. Relieved of this considerable

burden, I am convinced that I w

ill

be able to make intelligent career

choices that will provide me with

greater personal satisfaction and

ensure better pay over the years

to come. (para.8, L3)


尤其让我感到自豪的是，由于选择了自我资助，我解除了父母的负担，让他们不必承担我上大学的费用。而且我不靠父母的帮助，自己照顾好自己，这给了他们满足感，因为他们知道已经将我成功培养成人了。

d. I am particularly proud that, in

choosing this path of self-

support, I have relieved my

parents of the burden of my

university education.

Furthermore, by taking care of

myself, without their assistance, I

have given them the satisfaction

of knowing that they successfully

completed the task of raising me

into adulthood. (para.10, L1)

Language focus Language appreciation

Further Discussion

1. Do you agree that working part-time can help students learn to prioritize and increase efficiency in their study? Why or why not?

2. Do you think you should pay your own tuition to show independence? Why or why not?

3. What are the advantages of studying full-time without working part-time?

Critical thinking

Tips

Tips

Tips

Further DiscussionCritical thinking


TipsYes, working part-time definitely help students learn to prioritize and become more efficient. To balance work against study, working students often encounter time conflicts and approaching deadlines. So, they have to know which is most urgent and important under different circumstances. They can be frustrated in the beginning. But once they learn how to prioritize, they can work and study more efficiently than others because they can multitask.

Further DiscussionCritical thinking

Tips


No, not necessarily. Working students often have to give priority to their work when their study conflicts with their work. If they fail to go to work as scheduled, they may lose their job and the income it brings about. They surely don’t want that to happen. As a result, they may skip class or fail to turn in their assignments. Moreover, since working students have to study and work at the same time, they are more likely to get tired and may thus become more stressful and less efficient in their study.

Critical thinking

Tips

2. Do you think you should pay your own tuition to show independence? Why or why not?

Further Discussion

No, not necessarily. Though paying tuition is a sign of being independent, there are other ways to show our independence:• Helping parents with housework to show that we

contribute to the family;• Helping other students in need to show that we care

for others;• Doing volunteer work and contributing to society to

share social responsibility;• Being excellent in academic study to show that we

can prioritize and know what is most important to us.

Critical thinking

Tips

3. What are the advantages of studying full-time without working part-time?

Further Discussion

The advantages of studying full-time without working part-time are obvious. By studying full-time, students will have more time to:• focus on study and do well academically;• rest and relax, thus leading a more colorful college

life;• have fun and be more optimistic about life;• stay with their family and build a better relationship

with their parents; • visit with friends and build friendship, which may

benefit them for lifetime;• sample widely and get prepared for future careers.

Listen and discuss the

rules on employment for

international students in

the US.

Critical thinking Further Discussion

1. What rules are made for international students working on campus?

2. What kind of international students are permitted to work off-campus? What rules do they have to observe?

Critical thinking

Tips

Tips

Further Discussion

Listen to the audio clip and discuss the following questions.

International students are permitted to work for the college or university they attend or for a business at the school. But the business must directly provide a service to students. Also, a foreign student cannot displace an American citizen in a job. International students can work 20 hours a week while attending classes; more during school breaks. They can work until they complete their studies.

Critical thinking

Tips

Further Discussion

1. What rules are made for international students working on campus?

Critical thinking

Tips

Further Discussion


When suddenly faced with a situation that is out of their control, international students are permitted by the government to work off-campus. Examples include large medical bills, the loss of financial aid or an unexpected change in the financial condition of their source of support.

Critical thinking

Tips

Further Discussion

They have to stand by the following rules. First, they must have attended their American school for at least one year before they could apply for an off-campus job. Then, they must re-apply after a year if they want to continue the job. And if they work off-campus without permission, they could be sent home.


Thematic study

Comparative study

Thematic study

Language features analysis


2. From your perspective, whose ideas are more reasonable? What’s your attitude toward doing part-time jobs?

Thematic study

1. Comparison between the ideas from a research report and the ideas from the author’s own

experience on the effects of part-time employment on student performance.

Tips

Tips

Ideas from a research report

1. To have less time to devote to school assignments;

2. To get too tired from work to study;

3. To view school less rewarding;

4. To increase alcohol and drug use;

5. To ask students to work no more than 10 hours a week.

Ideas from the author’s own experience

1. To be financially independent;

2. To boost the efficiency of students’ study;

3. To learn to prioritize;4. To accumulate work and

social experience;5. To call on other students to

work to pay for college.

Thematic study

1. Comparison between the ideas from a research report and the ideas from the author’s own experience on the effects of part-time employment on student performance.

Tips

Thematic study

2. From your perspective, whose ideas are more reasonable?

What’s your attitude toward doing part-time jobs?

There is some truth in both arguments, but I think differently. On the one hand, college students should be encouraged to do part-time jobs to absorb their own tuitions and accumulate their working experience. On the other, students should be aware that part-time employment can never undermine their commitment to study. They should keep in mind that study is the first priority when faced with too many things to do. They should learn to strike a balance between work and study.

Based on your study of the

two texts, compare the

writing styles of the two

texts in terms of their

typical language features.


1. What are the typical language features of the two texts?

2. List more examples from the text to support your ideas.

Tips

Tips


Text A: Evidential sentences used in expositive writing show evidence, proof and facts.

Text B: Evidential sentences used in narrative writing express one’s personal experiences.

1. What are the typical language features of the two texts?

Tips



Tips

Text A Evidential sentences used in

expositive writing1. Overall, our study offers proof that … (Para. 2)2. Our long-term studies show that …. (Para. 8)



Tips

Text B Evidential sentences used in

narrative writing1. Besides, these studies also give

evidence that … (Para. 7)2. The studies also show … (Para. 7)


Unit project

Survey conduction

Group discussion

Summary and report


Conduct a survey on university

students taking part-time jobs.

Find six students in your

university who work part-time.

Ask them to complete the

following questionnaire.

Survey conduction

Survey conduction

A Working with a professor. B Working as a tutor. C Working in a company / store / restaurant. D Others: __________________

1. What type of part-time jobs are you taking?

Survey conduction

A Less than 10 hours. B 10-20 hours. C More than 20 hours.

2. How many hours do you work every week?

Survey conduction

3. What is your main purpose of working part-time?

A To cover my tuition. B To earn pocket money. C To gain working / social experience. D Others: __________________

Survey conduction

4. How does working part-time affect your school performance?

A It has a negative effect. B It encourages me to work harder. C It has no impact.

Survey conduction

5. What advice or suggestions do you have for students planning to work part-time?

A Don’t work part-time. B Work no more than 10 hours a week. C Learn to multitask. D Others: __________________

Work in groups and analyze the data collected from all your questionnaire survey. Discuss the following questions:

• What are the main types of jobs your interviewees take?

• How many hours do they work every week?• What are the main reasons for them to work part-

time?• How does working part-time affect their school

performance?• What suggestions do they have for students

planning to work part-time?

Group Discussion

Summarize your findings and report them to the class.

Summary and Report

Tips

• According to the survey• As the survey indicates / shows / illustrates• The survey shows / indicates / illustrates that • A large majority of students • Be in the small minority• Strike a balance between work and study• Study should take priority over work to a student• …

The end


Documents

Section B 1 6 UNIT Earn as you learn? To master the reading skill To understand the text To practice the phrases and patterns To learn to conduct a survey