Section AUnit Seven

BOOK II

张庆云

College English Department

In this class we will1.1. Read about coping with stressRead about coping with stress2.2. Appreciate the expository skills Appreciate the expository skills

demonstrated in the textdemonstrated in the text3.3. Master the key language points and Master the key language points and

grammatical structuresgrammatical structures4.4. Conduct a series of reading, Conduct a series of reading,

listening and speaking activities listening and speaking activities 5. Learn to write a paragraph of cause 5. Learn to write a paragraph of cause

and effectand effect6. Learn to lighten your stress and 6. Learn to lighten your stress and

cherish your lifecherish your life

Objectives Objectives

Warming-up activities Text understanding Further development

Picture description

Describe their suffering.

What causes their suffering?

Life stress

Topic Discussion:

1.What pressures do you have after 1.What pressures do you have after you entered the university?you entered the university?

2. What major stress do you think 2. What major stress do you think college students will experience at college students will experience at different stages?different stages?

College stressCollege stress College stressCollege stress

Major stress for college students

Freshmen

Sophomores

Juniors

Seniors

Inner ability to adapt to new environment

Interpersonal relationship

Emotional problem

Job hunting

Video watching:Video watching:

Stress is another factor that can Stress is another factor that can lead to ______. It’s not that lead to ______. It’s not that stress causes a flu per se, stress causes a flu per se, but it can ______ your but it can ______ your

body’s resistance by body’s resistance by depressing the immune depressing the immune system. For many, a major system. For many, a major source of daily stress is their source of daily stress is their _____, and stress levels can _____, and stress levels can be particularly high in a big be particularly high in a big city _________ room, like city _________ room, like this one. And unfortunately, this one. And unfortunately, catching a cold is the least catching a cold is the least of a ___________worker’sof a ___________worker’s

worries.worries.

illnessillness

lowerlower

jobs jobs

emergencyemergency

stressed-outstressed-out

Job stress and healthJob stress and healthJob stress and healthJob stress and health

Stress—

Good or bad?

Text understanding Get a general impression Get a general impression

Spot the big parts Spot the big parts Search details Search details Find out ways of effective Find out ways of effective writing writing SummarySummary

Then we give the main idea……exert great impact upon both physically and psychologicallyexcess stress increases in bring damage to be attributed to to cope with stresstake charge of lighten the load learn to fit in with the life.

Get a general impression Get a general impression We guess the text is about ……

Read the title Glance the text Relate our knowledge & experience Make guesses

Reexamine the title

Does the title tell you what kind of writing the passage is?

How is the text organized?This text is a piece of exposition, narrated in the

third person.

We spot the big parts: Scan the text Find out the topic sentences Search the relationship among paragraphs Summarize each big part

Analytical Informative

Analysis of each part

The relation between stress and health discovered by Dr. Robert S. Eliot.

The root of stress.

Part I (Paras.1-Part I (Paras.1-

6)6)

Part II (Paras. 7-11)Part II (Paras. 7-11)

The ways of lightening the load.

Part III (Paras. 12-20)Part III (Paras. 12-20)

Text understanding Get a general impression Get a general impression

Spot the big parts Spot the big parts Search details Search details Find out ways of effective Find out ways of effective writing writing SummarySummary

Read Part I and think whether you have this kind of experiences. spin out of control

beyond your control

feel / be overwhelmed

(not) take charge of

become “Hot reactors”

Stress and control Stress and control

Feel completely helpless

people who are hot tempered

to feel / be overwhelmed (with…) (L. 1)

当北京成功地获得了 2008 年奥运会主办权时，举国上下都沉浸在激动和喜悦之中。

The whole nation was overwhelmed with excitement and joy when Beijing succeeded in bidding for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games.

Inverted sentence “So” refers to… Why inverted?

Long subject New information of the sentence Keep the sentence in balance Achieve the end-weight ( 末尾加重原则）

Leave the complex structure towards the end of the sentence

End-focus ( 末尾焦点原则） Leave the new information towards the end of the sentence

So says Dr. Robert S. Eliot…(Para.3)

Part IPart I

Suddenly the students asked an embarrassing question, and then a complete and deathlike silence followed.

Suddenly the student asked an embarrassingquestion, and then followed a complete and deathlike silence.

Those who have achieved success after long and hard work are happy indeed

Happy indeed are those who have achieved success after long and hard work.

更为重要的问题是：孩子们应该受到与他们年龄相当的教育。

TranslationTranslation

More important is the issue that the kids should receive education suitable to their age.

_______________:we must take immediate action to stop them.

情况就是这样，我们必须立即采取措施阻止他们。

Such is the case

Part II : What causes the stress in one’s life?

The main factors causing harmful _____ of stress are fear, ___________ and doubt, together with __________ lack of control. For ____________ women and people who _________ direction in life, many people believe anger is the _____ of their stress. The former always think good enough is never good enough because they are ____________ and they cannot ________, while the latter give the same _________ to a traffic jam that that they give a family argument.

professional

levelsuncertainty

perceived

have noroot

perfectionists delegateemphasis

What kind of people does the author use to illustrate “ the root of their stress is anger”?

Professional womenProfessional womenProfessional womenProfessional women

People with no life goalsPeople with no life goalsPeople with no life goalsPeople with no life goals

What’s common in professional women? (2)

Good enough is never good enough.

They cannot delegate.

They get angry and they blow their tops.

Then they feel guilty and they start the whole cycle again.

Effect Effect

Cause Cause

What’s common in professional women? (1)

They have to be all things to all people and do it all perfectly.

More a suggestion than an obligation

Under pressure from herself

Under greater pressure from circumstances / external rules

They think, ‘I should, I must, I have to’.

Those people with no life goals

Give the same emphasis to …that … Stir in their own juice Find no safety outlet Blow apart

我们应该像重视工作一样重视休闲。 We should ________________________leisure activities that we give work.

give the same emphasis to

我们应该像重视智力一样重视勤奋。We should give the same emphasis to diligence that we give intelligence.

“That” in the sentence pattern actually introduces an attributive clause defining “the same emphasis”.

“That” in the sentence pattern actually introduces an attributive clause defining “the same emphasis”.

They give the same emphasis to a traffic jam that they give a family argument.

Language using

There are always some children that are out of control.

He seldom blows his top. He is stirring in his own

juice from missing his wife.

This job provides an excellent outlet for his artistic impulse.

Up

1. be out of control 2. blow one’s top 3. stir in one’s own juice 4. safety outlet

总有些孩子不听管教。 他很少有火冒三丈的时候。 他经受着思妻的煎熬。 这项工作为他的艺术冲动提

供了一个绝妙的发挥机会。

Part IIIPart III

. The NICE factors—new, interesting, __________

experiences—are ______________ in order to calm

yourself down. _____ Ben Franklin, you have to

__________________. In order to face all the problems

_____ which you have _____ control, you can’t fight or

flee. You have to learn how to ____.

challenging

Like

over little

Part III

recommended

set your priorities

flow

Part III: steps to calming yourself down

A. Learn to be less hostile B. Get your compass out and decide C. Realize … and learn to flow

AttitudeAttitude Analysis Analysis Solution Solution

Independent keep sth. in mind Priority

She used to be dependent on her parents; but now she likes to be financially independent of her family.

Keep this in mind that a good mood, regular exercise and a proper diet will contribute to your health.

What’s your priority at present? Set priority Take/have priority for sty. over sb. Sty is a top priority Prior Prior to

Part IIIPart III

Text understanding Get a general impression Get a general impression

Spot the big parts Spot the big parts Search details Search details Find out ways of effective Find out ways of effective writing writing SummarySummary

Part I

the stress in your life

hurt your heart

take charge of life

So says Dr. Eliot…

Paras 4-6Paras 4-6

Paras 1-3Paras 1-3

Stress and healthStress and health

There are people called hot reactors”…

Researchers have found stressed people…

Eliot (a “hot reactor”) says …

QuotationQuotation

Parallelism Simile Metaphor Analogy ( 类似，相似，类推 / 比）

A form of comparison The working of heart --- actions of pump/worms

Analogy compares two things, which are alike in several respects, for the purpose of explaining or clarifying some unfamiliar or difficult idea or object by showing how the idea or object is similar to some familiar one.

Cause and effect structure

(functioning) irregularly and without much (functioning) irregularly and without much powerpower(functioning) irregularly and without much (functioning) irregularly and without much powerpower

Cause 1: excess alarm or stress chemicals

The argument: Stress Stress leads toleads to death.death.

Effect1: That bursts heart muscle fibers. Cause 2

Cause 3Effect 2: It creates many short circuits, and that causes crazy heart rhythms.

Effect 3: The heart beats like a bag of worms instead of a pump, and we can’t live.

Patterns: One cause, one effect One cause, multiple effects Multiple causes, one effect Chainlike causes and effects

Part IIPart II

Major Writing TechniquesMajor Writing Techniques

Part II&IIIPart II&III

Quotation Direct & indirect quotation

Cause and effect structureExemplification

Text revisiting

What does Eliot say in his book?What does Eliot say in his book?

a. You may be hurting your heart if ___________________________.b. You need to learn to take charge of your life if ___________________________.c. Being tense may cause ____________________ __________________________ for “hot reactors”.d. Stressed people have ______________________.

feeling angry and overwhelmed

not wanting to break your heart

tremendous and rapid

increases in their blood pressure higher cholesterol levels

Comprehension check

What causes stress?What causes stress?

a.a. _________________________________._________________________________.

b.b. _______._______.

FUD factors together with lack of control

Anger

Comprehension check

The anger is coming fromThe anger is coming from

a.a. _________________________________._________________________________.

b.b. _________________._________________.

a feeling that everything must be perfect

not having compass

Comprehension check

Expressions in a cause-effect writing

The effect is evident/obvious…It will exert a profound influence…It may cause a sweeping change…It leaves some serious consequences…It may give rise to a host of problems…The immediate result it produces is...

Words to know Cause Lead to Create Attribute to Contribute to As a result Consequently

1.He was __________ with grief at the news of his son’s death in accident.2. If you take more luggage than is allowed, you will have to pay for the ______ luggage.3.You must not judge people by their _______.4. Children need an ______ for their energy.5. you must learn to get your _______ right.

Quiz

overwhelmed

excess

exteriors outl

etpriority

Further development Discussion: How to lighten Discussion: How to lighten

your loadyour load

Enjoy a poem Enjoy a poem

Further discussion:

How to lighten your stress?

S-t-r-e-s-sS-t-r-e-s-s

What does each letter in the word “stress” stand for?

S-t-r-e-s-sS-t-r-e-s-s

A friendly reminder

SSchedulingcheduling

TTreat your body wellreat your body well

RRelaxelax

EExpectationsxpectations

SSleepleep

SSmilemile

How to lighten your stress?

S-t-r-e-s-sS-t-r-e-s-s

What & howWhat & how

How to Cope Effectively with the Stress in Life

Now we have more possessions,more fun and more excitementthan we used to. But do we really enjoy happiness? Listen to the poem and think it over.

Enjoy a poem

Think It Over… Today we have higher buildings and wider

highways, but shorter temperaments and narrower points of view;

We spend more, but enjoy less; We have bigger houses, but smaller families; We have more compromises, but less time; We have more knowledge, but less judgment; We have more medicines, but less health; We have multiplied our possessions, but

reduced our values;

We talk much, we love only a little, and we hate too much;

We reached the Moon and came back, but we found it troublesome to cross our own street and meet our neighbors;

We have conquered the outer space, but not our inner space;

We have higher income, but less morals; These are times with more liberty, but less joy; We have much more food, but less nutrition; These are the days in which it takes two

salaries for each home, but divorces increase; These are times of finer houses, but more

broken homes;

That’s why I propose, that as of today:You do not keep anything for a special occasion because every day that you live is a special occasion;

Search for knowledge, read more, sit on your front porch and admire the view without paying attention to your needs;

Spend more time with your family and friends, eat your favorite foods, visit the places you love;

Life is a chain of moments of enjoyment; not only about survival;

Use your crystal goblets. Do not save your best perfume, and use it every time you feel you want it.

Remove your vocabulary phrases like “one of these days” or “someday”;

Let’s write that letter we thought of writing “one of these days”!

Let’s tell our families and friends how much we love them;

Do not delay anything that adds laughter and joy to your life;

Every day, every hour, and every minute is special; And you don’t know if it will be your last.

The End

MORE STRATEGIES “What is Stress” Web Site.

http//www.teachhealth.com How to reduce and relieve stress “Web Site.

http//www.family.com “Stress Relievers” Web Site.

http//www.residentassistant.com “Massage” Downing, G. (1972). Massage Book.

New York: Random House. “Aromatherapy” Web Site.

http//www/aromaweb.com/articles/wharoma.as “Yoga” Web Site.

http//www.kevala.co.uk/yoga/overview.htr

Thank you! Value your life and grow up happily 珍爱生命 快乐成长