SECTION 9 - COMPRESSION MEMBERS …...D Outside diameter of round tube (mm) E Modulus of Elasticity (N/mm2) F a Allowable compressive stress in short column mode (N/mm2) F a' Allowable

SECTION 9 - COMPRESSION MEMBERS (COLUMNS)

Table of Contents

Symbols for Compression Members (Columns) ................ 9-2

Introduction ........................................................................ 9-3

Column Equations for Concentric Loads ........................... 9-5

Theoretical Effective Length Coefficients .......................... 9-6

Examples of How To Use Tables ...................................... 9-7

Introduction to Compression Member (Column)

Load Tables ................................................................. 9-9

Long Column-Allowable Compression Stresses

W / I-Shapes:

E=17,244 N/mm2 ............................................................. 9-10

E=17,933 N/mm2 ............................................................. 9-11

E=19,313 N/mm2 ............................................................. 9-12

Equal Leg Angles, EXTREN® 500/525:

E=17,933 N/mm2 ............................................................. 9-13

Equal Leg Angles, EXTREN® 625:

E=19,313 N/mm2 ............................................................. 9-14

Round/Square Tubes, EXTREN® 500/525:

E=17,933 N/mm2 ............................................................. 9-15

Round/Square Tubes, EXTREN® 625:

E=19,313 N/mm2 ............................................................. 9-16

W Shapes:

76.2 mm x 76.2 mm x 6.35 mm ....................................... 9-17

101.6 mm x 101.6 mm x 6.35 mm ................................... 9-18

152.4 mm x 152.4 mm x 6.35 mm ................................... 9-19

152.4 mm x 152.4 mm x 9.525 mm ................................. 9-20

203.2 mm x 203.2 mm x 9.525 mm ................................. 9-21

203.2 mm x 203.2 mm x 12.7 mm ................................... 9-22

254 mm x 254 mm x 9.525 mm ....................................... 9-23

254 mm x 254 mm x 12.7 mm ......................................... 9-24

304.8 mm x 304.8 mm x 12.7 mm ................................... 9-25

I-Shapes:

76.2 mm x 38.1 mm x 6.35 mm ....................................... 9-26

101.6 mm x 50.8 mm x 6.35 mm ..................................... 9-27

139.7 mm x 63.5 mm x 6.35 mm ..................................... 9-28

152.4 mm x 76.2 mm x 6.35 mm ..................................... 9-29

152.4 mm x 76.2 mm x 9.525 mm ................................... 9-30

203.2 mm x 101.6 mm x 9.525 mm ................................. 9-31

203.2 mm x 101.6 mm x 12.7 mm ................................... 9-32

254 mm x 127 mm x 9.525 mm ....................................... 9-33

254 mm x 127 mm x 12.7 mm ......................................... 9-34

304.8 mm x 152.4 mm x 12.7 mm ................................... 9-35

Equal Leg Angles:

50.8 mm x 50.8 mm x 6.35 mm ...................................... 9-36

76.2 mm x 76.2 mm x 6.35 mm ....................................... 9-37

76.2 mm x 76.2 mm x 9.525 mm ..................................... 9-38

101.6 mm x 101.6 mm x 6.35 mm ................................... 9-39

101.6 mm x 101.6 mm x 9.525 mm ................................. 9-40

101.6 mm x 101.6 mm x 12.7 mm ................................... 9-41

127 mm x 127 mm x 12.7 mm ......................................... 9-42

152.4 mm x 152.4 mm x 9.525 mm ................................. 9-43

152.4 mm x 152.4 mm x 12.7 mm ................................... 9-44

Round Tubes:

38.1 mm x 6.35 mm ......................................................... 9-45

44.45 mm x 6.35 mm ....................................................... 9-46

50.8 x 6.35 mm ................................................................ 9-47

63.5 mm x 6.35 mm ......................................................... 9-48

69.85 mm x 6.35 mm ....................................................... 9-49

69.85 mm x 9.525 mm ..................................................... 9-50

76.2 mm x 6.35 mm ......................................................... 9-51

88.9 mm x 12.7 mm ......................................................... 9-52

101.6 mm x 6.35 mm ....................................................... 9-53

127 mm x 6.35 mm .......................................................... 9-54

152.4 mm x 6.35 mm ....................................................... 9-55

Square Tubes:

38.1 mm x 6.35 mm ......................................................... 9-56

44.45 mm x 6.35 mm ....................................................... 9-57

50.8 mm x 6.35 mm ......................................................... 9-58

76.2 mm x 6.35 mm ......................................................... 9-59

76.2 mm x 9.525 mm ....................................................... 9-60

88.9 mm x 6.35 mm ......................................................... 9-61

101.6 mm x 6.35 mm ....................................................... 9-62

101.6 mm x 9.525 mm ..................................................... 9-63

152.4 mm x 9.525 mm ..................................................... 9-64

Rectangular Tubes:

177.8 mm x 101.6 mm x 6.35 mm ................................... 9-65

9-1

Section 9 - MetricCompression Members (Columns)

Copyright © 2013 Strongwell CorporationAll Rights Reserved

Rev.1013

SECTION 9

COMPRESSION MEMBERS (COLUMNS)

Look for this blue line in the left margin of the Design Manual documents. This line shows you where the latest update has been made.

9-2



Rev.1013

A Cross Sectional area (mm2)

D Outside diameter of round tube (mm)

E Modulus of Elasticity (N/mm2)

Fa Allowable compressive stress in short column mode (N/mm2)

Fa' Allowable compressive stress in long column mode (N/mm2)

Fu Ultimate compressive stress in short column mode (N/mm2)

Fu' Ultimate compressive stress in long column mode (N/mm2)

I Moment of inertia (mm4)

K Effective length factor for buckling

P Axial load on column (N)

Pa Allowable Axial load on column (N)

b Width of section (mm)

Outside dimension of square tube (mm)

bf Width of flange (mm)

fa Axial stress from applied loads (N/mm2)

l Length of column (center to center of supports) (mm)

r Radius of gyration (mm)

ry Radius of gyration about Y-Y axis (mm)

t Wall thickness of tubes (mm)

Thickness of section (mm)

tf Thickness of flange (mm)

SYMBOLS FOR COMPRESSION MEMBERS (COLUMNS)

9-3



Rev.1013

INTRODUCTIONColumns must be designed for both strength (resistance to fracture) and for stability (resistance to deformation). From a behavioral perspective, columns can be classified as "short" or "long". Both of these behavioral modes will exhibit distinct failure mechanisms.

The short column mode exhibits local buckling of the web or flanges (or other outstanding legs of the shape). Figure No. 1 is a photograph of a test in the Strongwell laboratory of the 152.4 mm x 152.4 mm x 6.35 mm W-shape exhibiting the local flange buckling. Typically, the ultimate stress is limited by the ratio of the dimension of the outstanding element to the thickness of the element. The long column mode is buckling of the whole shape about the axis exhibiting the largest value of Kl/r.

For design purposes, Strongwell has developed empirical relationships for the structural shapes from testing similar to that displayed in Figure No. 1. These relationships are based upon the proprietary EXTREN® composite/resin system and should not be utilized for other pultruded products. The ultimate load was measured as the actual failure (not buckling) of the structural member. Strongwell's test had one end rotating on a ball/socket joint and the other end resting on a flat surface. Although the original test set-up as well as most actual applications may not have a K=1, the tables shown in this section are established using K (effective length coefficient for buckling) = 1.0. Engineers are cautioned to consider the end conditions (Figure No. 2) in their specific designs.

NOTE:

For proper application of these relationships, the designer must establish whether the short or long column mode will limit the application. This is accomplished by calculating the allowable stress with both the short and long column equations at the desired slenderness ratio (Kl /r) and utilizing the lower value for design. An example of this will be discussed in a later section. The Allowable Load Tables were generated with a safety factor of 3.

9-4



Rev.1013

FIGURE 1

9-5



Rev.1013

fa =

Fu = ≤

Fu' =

Fu = ≤

Fu' =

Fu = ≤

Fu' =

Fu = ≤

Fu' =

Fa =

Fa' = ≤ Fa

Pa =

STRESSES FROM APPLIED LOADSCompressive stress: P (C-1)

A

ULTIMATE COMPRESSIVE STRESSES

EXTREN® W and I Shapes — Short Column Mode: 206.8 N/mm2 EXTREN® 500/525

206.8 N/mm2 EXTREN® 625 (>101.6 mm) (C-2)

227.5 N/mm2 EXTREN® 625 (≤101.6 mm)

EXTREN® W and I Shapes — Long Column Mode: 4.9E (Kl/r) 1.7 (C-3)

EXTREN® Equal Leg Angles — Short Column Mode: E 206.8 N/mm2 EXTREN® 500/525

27 (b/t) .95 227.5 N/mm2 EXTREN® 625 (C-4)

EXTREN® Equal Leg Angles — Long Column Mode: E

56(Kl/r) .55 (C-5)

EXTREN® Round Tubes — Short Column Mode: E 206.8 N/mm2 EXTREN® 500/525

16(D/t).85 227.5 N/mm2 EXTREN® 625 (C-6)

EXTREN® Round Tubes — Long Column Mode: 1.3E

(Kl/r) 1.3 (C-7)

EXTREN® Square Tubes — Short Column Mode: E 206.8 N/mm2 EXTREN® 500/525

16 (b/t) .85 227.5 N/mm2 EXTREN® 625 (C-8)

EXTREN® Square Tubes — Long Column Mode: 1.3E

(Kl/r) 1.3 (C-9)

ALLOWABLE COMPRESSIVE STRESSES AND LOADS Short Column Mode: Fu

3.0 (C-10) Long Column Mode: Fu' 3.0 (C-11)ALLOWABLE LOADS: FaA or (C-12) Fa'A

COLUMN EQUATIONS FOR CONCENTRIC LOADS

0.5E

(bf/tf)1.5

9-6



Rev.1013

Theoretical Effective Length Coefficients

TheoreticalEnd Condition "K" Value* Mode of Buckling (Dashed)

1. Both ends pinned 1.00

2. Both ends fixed 0.65

3. One end pinned, 0.80 One end fixed

4. One end fixed, 2.10 One end free

5. One end fixed 1.20 One end translated

6. One end pinned 2.00 One end translated

* Values obtained from Reference 1, p. 278.

FIGURE 2

3.

2.

1.

4.

5.

6.

9-7



Rev.1013

PROBLEM #1Determine if the EXTREN® Series 500 152.4 mm x 152.4 mm x 6.35 mm W-shape will support an axially concentric load of 22,000 N for a column of height equal to 3.0 m. For this example, the following assumptions are made:

1) The application is at room temperature.2) There are no corrosive agents present which may damage the composite.3) Both ends of the column are pinned (K = 1 from Figure No. 2) and there are no intermediate

supports.4) The ends of the column are square such that the load is evenly distributed over the entire

cross-section of the structural shape; i.e., there is no eccentricity of load application.

5) The column is straight such that the load is initially entirely axially applied.

There are two approaches to this solution:

APPROACH A

From the Allowable Load Tables for the EXTREN® 152.4 mm x 152.4 mm x 6.35 mm W-shape (identified in this section), a load of 44,489 N is indicated. This exceeds the service load and the 152.4 mm x 152.4 mm x 6.35 mm W-shape is more than adequate.

APPROACH B

This approach will use the empirically determined equations for EXTREN® W and I shapes. For the 152.4 mm x 152.4 mm x 6.35 mm W-shape: E = 17.2 x 103 N/mm2 (Section 3 — PROPERTIES OF EXTREN®) A = 2,832 mm2 rx = 64.5 mm, ry = 36.6 mm, bf = 152.4 mm, tf = 6.35 mm (Section 6 — ELEMENTS OF SECTIONS) for short columns: 0.5E (bf/tf)

1.5 (C-2)

0.5 (17,200)

(152.4/6.35)1.5

Fu

3.0 (C-10)

73.1 N/mm2

3.0

and for long columns:

Kl (1.0) (3,000 mm) ry 36.6

4.9E (C-3) (Kl/r)1.7

4.9 (17,200) (82.0) 1.7

Fu' 3 (C-11)

47.0 N/mm2 3.0

The long column mode controls (because it has the lower critical stress) and the allowable load is: Pa= (15.7) (2,832) = 44,460 N (C-12)

Fu =

Fu = = 73.1 N/mm2 < 206.8 N/mm2

Fa =

Fa = = 24.4 N/mm2

= = 82.0

Fu' =

Fu' = = 47.0 N/mm2

Fa' =

Fa' = = 15.7 N/mm2

EXAMPLE OF COLUMN SELECTION USING THE TABLES

9-8



Rev.1013

PROBLEM #2Will the 152.4 mm x 152.4 mm x 6.35 mm W-shape be adequate if operated continuously at 150° F? The allowable stress would be reduced to 50% of the original value from the table in Section 3 — PROPERTIES OF EXTREN®.

Fa' (150° F) = 0.50 Fa' (room temperature) = 0.50 (15.7 N/mm) = 7.85 N/mm2

This makes the allowable load at 150° F equal to 22,230 N, which exceeds the 22,000 N applied load. Therefore the 152.4 mm x 152.4 mm x 6.35 mm would still appear sufficient.

PROBLEM #3An assumption in PROBLEM #1 was that both ends were pinned with a K = 1. Another common mode of installation may be one end pinned and one end fixed, illustrated as Condition 3 in Figure No. 2. In this situation, K = 0.8. This change of end condition has the effect of increasing the allowable stress.

NOTE: The installation must develop the assumed end conditions.

At room temperature for K = 0.8:

Kl (0.8) (3000m) ry 36.6 mm

instead of the 83.3 slenderness ratio previously calculated.

(4.9)(17,200)

(65.6) 1.7 (C-3)

68.7 N/mm2

3.0 (C-11)

For K = 1, the allowable long column stress was 15.7 N/mm2. A 46% increase in the load capacity of the column is obtained simply due to a change in the restraint at one end of the member.

PROBLEM #4The end restraints will be adjusted such that both ends are fixed; K = 0.65 in Figure No. 2, Condition 2.

At room temperature, for K = 0.65

Kl (0.65) (3,000 mm)

ry 36.6 mm

(4.9)(17,200)

(53.3) 1.7 (C-3)

97.8 N/mm2

3.0 (C-11)

This exceeds the short column allowable stress (32.6 N/mm2 vs. 24.4 N/mm2) and the application is limited by short column mode. The designer should use 24.4 N/mm2.

= = 65.6

Fu' = = 68.7 N/mm2

Fa' = = 22.9 N/mm2

= = 53.3

Fu' = = 97.8 N/mm2

Fa' = = 32.6 N/mm2

9-9



Rev.1013

The following are the allowable load tables for EXTREN® W and I shapes, EXTREN® equal leg angles, and EXTREN® tubes when used as compressive members (columns).

These tables are based upon:

1) Ambient temperature

2) A safety factor of 3.0

3) A value of K = 1.0

4) No corrosive agents which may damage the composite

5) These tables show Kl/r values to 200 for reference. It is recommended that Kl/r be lim-ited to 110 unless structural analysis indicates otherwise.

INTRODUCTION TOCOMPRESSION MEMBER (COLUMN) LOAD TABLES

9-10



Rev.1013

X X

Y

Y

X X

Y

Y

EXTREN® W/ I SHAPES

E = 17,244 N/mm2

LONG COLUMN-ALLOWABLE COMPRESSION STRESSES

NOTE: These calculations assume the long column buckling mode for an axially applied load. The transition from the short column mode (limited by bf /tf ) to the long column mode (limited by Kl/r) will vary with the member size.

Kl/r Fa (N/mm2) Kl/r Fa (N/mm2) Kl/r Fa (N/mm2)

45 43.58 84 15.08 123 7.8846 41.98 85 14.77 124 7.7847 40.47 86 14.49 125 7.6748 39.05 87 14.21 126 7.5749 37.70 88 13.93 127 7.4750 36.43 89 13.67 128 7.3751 35.23 90 13.41 129 7.2752 34.07 91 13.16 130 7.1853 33.00 92 12.92 131 7.0854 31.96 93 12.68 132 6.9955 30.98 94 12.46 133 6.9056 30.05 95 12.24 134 6.8157 29.16 96 12.02 135 6.7358 28.31 97 11.81 136 6.6559 27.49 98 11.60 137 6.5760 26.72 99 11.41 138 6.4861 25.98 100 11.21 139 6.4162 25.27 101 11.02 140 6.3363 24.60 102 10.84 141 6.2564 23.94 103 10.66 142 6.1865 23.32 104 10.48 143 6.1066 22.72 105 10.32 144 6.0467 22.15 106 10.15 145 5.9668 21.60 107 9.99 146 5.8969 21.07 108 9.84 147 5.8270 20.56 109 9.68 148 5.7671 20.07 110 9.53 149 5.6972 19.60 111 9.39 150 5.6373 19.15 112 9.25 155 5.3274 18.71 113 9.11 160 5.0475 18.29 114 8.97 165 4.7976 17.88 115 8.84 170 4.5577 17.49 116 8.71 175 4.3378 17.11 117 8.59 180 4.1279 16.74 118 8.46 185 3.9480 16.39 119 8.34 190 3.7781 16.04 120 8.22 195 3.6082 15.71 121 8.11 200 3.4583 15.39 122 7.99

9-11



Rev.1013

X X

Y

Y

X X

Y

Y



E = 17,933 N/mm2



45 45.32 84 15.68 123 8.2046 43.65 85 15.37 124 8.0947 42.09 86 15.07 125 7.9748 40.61 87 14.77 126 7.8749 39.21 88 14.49 127 7.7750 37.89 89 14.22 128 7.6651 36.64 90 13.95 129 7.5652 35.44 91 13.68 130 7.4653 34.32 92 13.44 131 7.3754 33.24 93 13.19 132 7.2855 32.23 94 12.95 133 7.1856 31.25 95 12.73 134 7.0857 30.32 96 12.50 135 7.0058 29.44 97 12.28 136 6.9259 28.59 98 12.06 137 6.8360 27.79 99 11.86 138 6.7561 27.02 100 11.66 139 6.6662 26.28 101 11.46 140 6.5863 25.58 102 11.28 141 6.5064 24.90 103 11.09 142 6.4365 24.25 104 10.90 143 6.3566 23.63 105 10.73 144 6.2867 23.03 106 10.56 145 6.2068 22.46 107 10.39 146 6.1269 21.91 108 10.23 147 6.0670 21.38 109 10.07 148 5.9971 20.87 110 9.91 149 5.9272 20.39 111 9.76 150 5.8673 19.91 112 9.62 155 5.5474 19.45 113 9.47 160 5.2475 19.02 114 9.33 165 4.9876 18.60 115 9.19 170 4.7377 18.18 116 9.06 175 4.5078 17.79 117 8.93 180 4.2979 17.53 118 8.77 185 4.1080 17.04 119 8.67 190 3.9281 16.69 120 8.55 195 3.7582 16.34 121 8.44 200 3.5983 16.00 122 8.31

9-12



Rev.1013

X X

Y

Y

X X

Y

Y


E = 19,313 N/mm2




45 48.81 84 16.89 123 8.8346 47.01 85 16.55 124 8.7147 45.32 86 16.23 125 8.5948 43.73 87 15.91 126 8.4849 42.23 88 15.60 127 8.3750 40.81 89 15.31 128 8.2551 39.46 90 15.02 129 8.1452 38.16 91 14.74 130 8.0453 36.96 92 14.47 131 7.9354 35.45 93 14.20 132 7.8455 34.70 94 13.95 133 7.7356 33.62 95 13.71 134 7.6357 32.65 96 13.46 135 7.5458 31.70 97 13.22 136 7.4559 30.79 98 12.99 137 7.3560 29.93 99 12.77 138 7.2661 29.10 100 12.55 139 7.1762 28.31 101 12.35 140 7.0863 27.55 102 12.15 141 7.0064 26.81 103 11.95 142 6.9265 26.12 104 11.74 143 6.8466 25.44 105 11.55 144 6.7667 24.80 106 11.37 145 6.6668 24.19 107 11.19 146 6.5969 23.59 108 11.02 147 6.5270 23.03 109 10.84 148 6.4571 22.48 110 10.68 149 6.3772 21.95 111 10.51 150 6.3073 21.44 112 10.36 155 5.9774 20.95 113 10.20 160 5.6575 20.48 114 10.05 165 5.3676 20.02 115 9.90 170 5.1077 19.58 116 9.76 175 4.8578 19.16 117 9.62 180 4.6279 18.75 118 9.48 185 4.4180 18.35 119 9.34 190 4.2181 17.97 120 9.21 195 4.0482 17.60 121 9.08 200 3.8683 17.24 122 8.95

9-13



Rev.1013

NOTE: These calculations assume the long column buckling mode for an axially applied load. The transition from the short column mode (limited by b/t) to the long column mode (limited by Kl/r) will vary with the angle size.

EXTREN® 500/525EQUAL LEG ANGLES

E = 17,933 N/mm2


X X

Y

Y Z

Z


30 16.44 74 10.01 118 7.7431 16.15 75 9.93 119 7.7032 15.87 76 9.86 120 7.6733 15.60 77 9.79 121 7.6434 15.35 78 9.72 122 7.6035 15.11 79 9.65 123 7.5736 14.87 80 9.59 124 7.5337 14.65 81 9.52 125 7.5038 14.44 82 9.46 126 7.4739 14.23 83 9.39 127 7.4440 14.03 84 9.33 128 7.4041 13.84 85 9.27 129 7.3742 13.66 86 9.22 130 7.3443 13.48 87 9.15 131 7.3144 13.32 88 9.10 132 7.2845 13.15 89 9.04 133 7.2546 12.99 90 8.99 134 7.2247 12.84 91 8.93 135 7.1948 12.70 92 8.88 136 7.1649 12.55 93 8.82 137 7.1350 12.42 94 8.77 138 7.1051 12.28 95 8.72 139 7.0852 12.15 96 8.67 140 7.0553 12.02 97 8.62 141 7.0254 11.90 98 8.57 142 6.9955 11.78 99 8.53 143 6.9756 11.66 100 8.48 144 6.9457 11.55 101 8.44 145 6.9158 11.44 102 8.39 146 6.8859 11.33 103 8.34 147 6.8660 11.23 104 8.30 148 6.8461 11.13 105 8.26 149 6.8162 11.03 106 8.21 150 6.7963 10.93 107 8.17 155 6.6664 10.84 108 8.13 160 6.5565 10.75 109 8.08 165 6.4466 10.66 110 8.05 170 6.3367 10.57 111 8.01 175 6.2468 10.48 112 7.97 180 6.1469 10.40 113 7.93 185 6.0470 10.32 114 7.89 190 5.9671 10.24 115 7.85 195 5.8772 10.16 116 7.81 200 5.7973 10.08 117 7.78

9-14



Rev.1013

NOTE: These calculations assume the long column buckling mode for an axially applied load. The transition from the short column mode (limited by b/t) to the long column mode (limited by Kl/r) will vary with the angle size.

EXTREN® 625EQUAL LEG ANGLES

E = 19,313 N/mm2


X X

Y

Y Z

Z


30 17.71 74 10.78 118 8.3331 17.39 75 10.70 119 8.3032 17.09 76 10.62 120 8.2633 16.80 77 10.54 121 8.2234 16.53 78 10.46 122 8.1835 16.26 79 10.39 123 8.1536 16.02 80 10.33 124 8.1137 15.77 81 10.25 125 8.0838 15.55 82 10.18 126 8.0439 15.33 83 10.12 127 8.0140 15.11 84 10.05 128 7.9741 14.91 85 9.98 129 7.9442 14.71 86 9.93 130 7.9043 14.52 87 9.86 131 7.8844 14.35 88 9.79 132 7.8445 14.17 89 9.74 133 7.8146 14.00 90 9.68 134 7.7847 13.83 91 9.62 135 7.7448 13.68 92 9.56 136 7.7149 13.51 93 9.50 137 7.6850 13.37 94 9.45 138 7.6551 13.22 95 9.39 139 7.6252 13.08 96 9.34 140 7.5953 12.95 97 9.28 141 7.5654 12.82 98 9.24 142 7.5355 12.68 99 9.18 143 7.5056 12.56 100 9.13 144 7.4757 12.44 101 9.08 145 7.4458 12.33 102 9.04 146 7.4159 12.20 103 8.98 147 7.3960 12.09 104 8.94 148 7.3661 11.98 105 8.89 149 7.3362 11.88 106 8.85 150 7.3163 11.77 107 8.79 155 7.1764 11.67 108 8.75 160 7.0565 11.57 109 8.70 165 6.9366 11.48 110 8.67 170 6.8267 11.38 111 8.62 175 6.7268 11.29 112 8.58 180 6.6169 11.20 113 8.53 185 6.5070 11.11 114 8.50 190 6.4171 11.02 115 8.46 195 6.3272 10.82 116 8.41 200 6.2473 10.86 117 8.37

9-15



Rev.1013

XX X

Y

X

Y

NOTE: These calculations assume the long column buckling mode for an axially applied load. The transition from the short column mode (limited by b/t -square tubes or D/t -round tubes ) to the long column mode (limited by Kl/r) will vary with the member size.

EXTREN® 500/525ROUND/ SQUARE TUBES

E = 17,933 N/mm2



50 48.06 87 23.40 124 14.7651 46.84 88 23.05 125 14.6052 45.68 89 22.71 126 14.4653 44.56 90 22.38 127 14.3154 43.49 91 22.07 128 14.1655 42.46 92 21.75 129 14.0256 41.48 93 21.45 130 13.8857 40.54 94 21.15 131 13.7458 39.63 95 20.86 132 13.6159 38.76 96 20.58 133 13.4760 37.92 97 20.31 134 13.3461 37.12 98 20.04 135 13.2262 36.34 99 19.78 136 13.0963 35.59 100 19.52 137 12.9764 34.87 101 19.27 138 12.8465 34.18 102 19.02 139 12.7266 33.50 103 18.78 140 12.6067 32.85 104 18.55 141 12.4968 32.23 105 18.32 142 12.3769 31.62 106 18.10 143 12.2670 31.04 107 17.88 144 12.1571 30.47 108 17.66 145 12.0472 29.92 109 17.45 146 11.9373 29.39 110 17.24 147 11.8374 28.87 111 17.04 148 11.7375 28.38 112 16.84 149 11.6276 27.89 113 16.65 150 11.5277 27.42 114 16.46 155 11.0478 26.96 115 16.28 160 10.5979 26.52 116 16.09 165 10.1880 26.09 117 15.92 170 9.7981 25.67 118 15.74 175 9.4382 25.27 119 15.57 180 9.0983 24.87 120 15.40 185 8.7784 24.49 121 15.24 190 8.4885 24.11 122 15.07 195 8.1986 23.75 123 14.91 200 7.93

9-16



Rev.1013

XX X

Y

X

Y

NOTE: These calculations assume the long column buckling mode for an axially applied load. The transition from the short column mode (limited by b/t - square tubes or D/t - round tubes ) to the long column mode (limited by Kl/r) will vary with the member size.

EXTREN® 625ROUND/ SQUARE TUBES

E = 19,313 N/mm2



50 51.76 87 25.20 124 15.9051 50.44 88 24.82 125 15.7352 49.19 89 24.46 126 15.5753 47.99 90 24.11 127 15.4154 46.83 91 23.76 128 15.2555 45.73 92 23.43 129 15.0956 44.68 93 23.10 130 14.9557 43.65 94 22.78 131 14.8058 42.68 95 22.47 132 14.6659 41.74 96 22.17 133 14.5160 40.84 97 21.87 134 14.3761 39.97 98 21.58 135 14.2362 39.13 99 21.30 136 14.1063 38.33 100 21.02 137 13.9764 37.55 101 20.75 138 13.8365 36.81 102 20.49 139 13.7066 36.08 103 20.22 140 13.5767 35.38 104 19.98 141 13.4568 34.70 105 19.73 142 13.3369 34.05 106 19.49 143 13.2170 33.43 107 19.25 144 13.0971 32.81 108 19.02 145 12.9772 32.23 109 18.80 146 12.8573 31.65 110 18.57 147 12.7474 31.09 111 18.35 148 12.6375 30.56 112 18.14 149 12.5276 30.03 113 17.93 150 12.4077 29.53 114 17.73 155 11.8978 29.04 115 17.53 160 11.4179 28.56 116 17.33 165 10.9780 28.09 117 17.15 170 10.5581 27.65 118 16.95 175 10.1582 27.21 119 16.77 180 9.7983 26.78 120 16.59 185 9.4584 26.37 121 16.41 190 9.1385 25.97 122 16.23 195 8.8286 25.58 123 16.06 200 8.53

9-17



Rev.1013

COLUMN

W SHAPE

76.2 mm x 76.2 mm x 6.35 mm

Allowable Axial Stresses and Loads

bf / tf = 12.0 r y= 18.542 mm A = 1374 mm2

X X

Y

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r

EXTREN® 500/525 EXTREN® 625

E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2

Fa(N/mm2) Pa(N) Fa(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.2 10.8 68.9 94668.6 75.8 104149.2 SHORT

0.4 21.6 68.9 94668.6 75.8 104149.2

0.6 32.4 68.9 94668.6 75.8 104149.2

Fa'(N/mm2) Pa(N) Fa'(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.8 43.1 48.7 66884.8 52.4 72031.8 LONG

1 53.9 33.3 45770.0 35.9 49292.1

1.2 64.7 24.4 33571.6 26.3 36155.1

1.4 75.5 18.8 25832.3 20.2 27820.2

1.6 86.3 15.0 20586.2 16.1 22170.4

1.8 97.1 12.3 16850.7 13.2 18147.4

2 107.9 10.3 14087.4 11.0 15171.4

2.2 118.6 8.7 11980.1 9.4 12902.1

2.4 129.4 7.5 10332.9 8.1 11128.0

2.6 140.2 6.6 9018.3 7.1 9712.3

2.8 151.0 5.8 7950.8 6.2 8562.7

3 161.8 5.1 7070.9 5.5 7615.0

3.2 172.6 4.6 6336.2 5.0 6823.7

3.4 183.4 4.2 5715.7 4.5 6155.5

3.6 194.2 3.8 5186.4 4.1 5585.5

3.8 204.9 3.4 4731.0 3.7 5095.0

4 215.7 3.2 4335.9 3.4 4669.6

9-18



Rev.1013

COLUMN

W SHAPE

101.6 mm x 101.6 mm x 6.35 mm


bf / tf = 16.0 r y= 24.64 mm A = 1864.5 mm2

X X

Y

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 8.1 46.7 87073.1 50.3 93773.7 SHORT

0.4 16.2 46.7 87073.1 50.3 93773.7

0.6 24.4 46.7 87073.1 50.3 93773.7

0.8 32.5 46.7 87073.1 50.3 93773.7

1 40.6 46.7 87073.1 50.3 93773.7


1.2 48.7 39.6 73870.5 42.7 79555.1 LONG

1.4 56.8 30.5 56841.0 32.8 61215.1

1.6 64.9 24.3 45297.6 26.2 48783.4

1.8 73.1 19.9 37078.0 21.4 39931.2

2 81.2 16.6 30997.6 17.9 33383.0

2.2 89.3 14.1 26360.9 15.2 28389.5

2.4 97.4 12.2 22736.3 13.1 24486.0

2.6 105.5 10.6 19843.8 11.5 21370.8

2.8 113.6 9.4 17494.9 10.1 18841.2

3 121.8 8.3 15558.7 9.0 16756.0

3.2 129.9 7.5 13942.0 8.1 15014.9

3.4 138.0 6.7 12576.7 7.3 13544.5

3.6 146.1 6.1 11412.1 6.6 12290.3

3.8 154.2 5.6 10409.9 6.0 11211.0

4 162.3 5.1 9540.6 5.5 10274.8

4.2 170.5 4.7 8781.2 5.1 9457.0

4.4 178.6 4.4 8113.5 4.7 8737.9

4.6 186.7 4.0 7523.0 4.3 8101.9

4.8 194.8 3.8 6997.9 4.0 7536.4

5 202.9 3.5 6528.8 3.8 7031.2

9-19



Rev.1013

COLUMN

W SHAPE

152.4 mm x 152.4 mm x 6.35 mmAllowable Axial Stresses and Loads

bf / tf = 24.0 r y= 36.58 mm A = 2832.25 mm2

X X

Y

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r

EXTREN® 500/525/625

E = 17,244 N/mm2

Fa(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.2 5.5 24.4 69231.1 SHORT

0.4 10.9 24.4 69231.1

0.6 16.4 24.4 69231.1

0.8 21.9 24.4 69231.1

1 27.3 24.4 69231.1

1.2 32.8 24.4 69231.1

1.4 38.3 24.4 69231.1

1.6 43.7 24.4 69231.1

1.8 49.2 24.4 69231.1

2 54.7 24.4 69231.1

2.2 60.1 24.4 69231.1

Fa'(N/mm2) Pa(N)

2.4 65.6 23.0 65012.9 LONG2.6 71.1 20.0 56741.92.8 76.5 17.7 50025.33 82.0 15.7 44489.0

3.2 87.5 14.1 39866.13.4 92.9 12.7 35962.13.6 98.4 11.5 32632.13.8 103.9 10.5 29766.44 109.3 9.6 27280.8

4.2 114.8 8.9 25109.34.4 120.3 8.2 23200.14.6 125.8 7.6 21511.54.8 131.2 7.1 20010.15 136.7 6.6 18668.5

5.2 142.2 6.2 17464.45.4 147.6 5.8 16379.15.6 153.1 5.4 15397.15.8 158.6 5.1 14505.46 164.0 4.8 13693.1

9-20



Rev.1013

W SHAPE


bf / tf = 16.0 r y= 36.83 mm A = 4180.6 mm2

X X

Y

Y

COLUMN

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r

EXTREN® 500/525/625

E = 17,244 N/mm2

Fa(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.2 5.4 44.9 187735.1 SHORT

0.4 10.9 44.9 187735.1

0.6 16.3 44.9 187735.1

0.8 21.7 44.9 187735.1

1 27.2 44.9 187735.1

1.2 32.6 44.9 187735.1

1.4 38.0 44.9 187735.1

1.6 43.4 44.9 187735.1

Fa'(N/mm2) Pa(N)

1.8 48.9 37.9 158318.3 LONG2 54.3 31.7 132355.9

2.2 59.7 26.9 112557.92.4 65.2 23.2 97081.22.6 70.6 20.3 84730.52.8 76.0 17.9 74700.93 81.5 15.9 66433.7

3.2 86.9 14.2 59530.53.4 92.3 12.8 53700.73.6 97.7 11.7 48728.23.8 103.2 10.6 44449.04 108.6 9.7 40737.3

4.2 114.0 9.0 37494.84.4 119.5 8.3 34643.74.6 124.9 7.7 32122.34.8 130.3 7.1 29880.35 135.8 6.7 27877.0

5.2 141.2 6.2 26078.9

5.4 146.6 5.9 24458.2

5.6 152.0 5.5 22991.9

5.8 157.5 5.2 21660.4

9-21



Rev.1013

X X

Y

Y

W SHAPE


bf / tf = 21.3 r y= 48.77 mm A = 5632.25 mm2

COLUMN

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r

EXTREN® 500/525/625

E = 17,244 N/mm2

Fa(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.2 4.1 29.2 164664.2 SHORT0.4 8.2 29.2 164664.20.6 12.3 29.2 164664.20.8 16.4 29.2 164664.21 20.5 29.2 164664.2

1.2 24.6 29.2 164664.21.4 28.7 29.2 164664.21.6 32.8 29.2 164664.21.8 36.9 29.2 164664.22 41.0 29.2 164664.2

2.2 45.1 29.2 164664.22.4 49.2 29.2 164664.22.6 53.3 29.2 164664.2

Fa'(N/mm2) Pa(N)

2.8 57.4 28.8 162213.1 LONG3 61.5 25.6 144260.8

3.2 65.6 23.0 129270.53.4 69.7 20.7 116611.23.6 73.8 18.8 105813.33.8 77.9 17.1 96521.14 82.0 15.7 88461.1

4.2 86.1 14.5 81419.94.4 90.2 13.4 75228.94.6 94.3 12.4 69753.54.8 98.4 11.5 64885.05 102.5 10.7 60534.8

5.2 106.6 10.1 56630.35.4 110.7 9.4 53111.15.6 114.8 8.9 49926.95.8 118.9 8.4 47035.66 123.0 7.9 44401.5

9-22



Rev.1013

COLUMN

X X

Y

Y

W SHAPE

*203.2 mm x 203.2 mm x 12.7 mmAllowable Axial Stresses and Loads

bf / tf = 16.0 r y= 49 mm A = 7425.8 mm2

*Non-stock size subject to mill run requirements.

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r

EXTREN® 500/525/625

E = 17,244 N/mm2

Fa(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.2 4.1 44.9 333464.8 SHORT0.4 8.2 44.9 333464.80.6 12.2 44.9 333464.80.8 16.3 44.9 333464.81 20.4 44.9 333464.8

1.2 24.5 44.9 333464.81.4 28.6 44.9 333464.81.6 32.7 44.9 333464.81.8 36.7 44.9 333464.82 40.8 44.9 333464.8

Fa'(N/mm2) Pa(N)

2.2 44.9 43.7 324841.0 LONG2.4 49.0 37.7 280175.62.6 53.1 32.9 244531.52.8 57.1 29.0 215586.13 61.2 25.8 191727.0

3.2 65.3 23.1 171804.53.4 69.4 20.9 154979.93.6 73.5 18.9 140629.13.8 77.6 17.3 128279.54 81.6 15.8 117567.5

4.2 85.7 14.6 108209.64.4 89.8 13.5 99981.64.6 93.9 12.5 92704.64.8 98.0 11.6 86234.25 102.0 10.8 80452.7

5.2 106.1 10.1 75263.45.4 110.2 9.5 70586.25.6 114.3 8.9 66354.45.8 118.4 8.4 62511.86 122.4 7.9 59010.9

9-23



Rev.1013

COLUMN

W SHAPE

254 mm x 254 mm x 9.525 mmAllowable Axial Stresses and Loads

bf / tf = 26.7 r y= 60.71 mm A = 7083.86 mm2

X X

Y

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r

EXTREN® 500/525/625

E = 17,244 N/mm2

Fa(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.2 3.3 20.8 147567.2 SHORT0.4 6.6 20.8 147567.20.6 9.9 20.8 147567.20.8 13.2 20.8 147567.21 16.5 20.8 147567.2

1.2 19.8 20.8 147567.21.4 23.1 20.8 147567.21.6 26.4 20.8 147567.21.8 29.6 20.8 147567.22 32.9 20.8 147567.2

2.2 36.2 20.8 147567.22.4 39.5 20.8 147567.22.6 42.8 20.8 147567.22.8 46.1 20.8 147567.23 49.4 20.8 147567.2

3.2 52.7 20.8 147567.23.4 56.0 20.8 147567.23.6 59.3 20.8 147567.23.8 62.6 20.8 147567.24 65.9 20.8 147567.2

4.2 69.2 20.8 147567.2

Fa'(N/mm2) Pa(N) LONG

4.4 72.5 19.4 137295.34.6 75.8 18.0 127302.54.8 79.1 16.7 118417.35 82.4 15.6 110478.1

5.2 85.7 14.6 103352.25.4 88.9 13.7 96929.55.6 92.2 12.9 91118.35.8 95.5 12.1 85841.66 98.8 11.4 81034.1

9-24



Rev.1013

COLUMN

W SHAPE

*254 mm x 254 mm x 12.7 mmAllowable Axial Stresses and Loads

bf / tf = 20.0 ry= 60.96 mm A = 9387.1 mm2

X X

Y

Y


EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r

EXTREN® 500/525/625

E = 17,244 N/mm2

Fa(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.2 3.3 32.1 301629.1 SHORT0.4 6.6 32.1 301629.10.6 9.8 32.1 301629.10.8 13.1 32.1 301629.11 16.4 32.1 301629.1

1.2 19.7 32.1 301629.11.4 23.0 32.1 301629.11.6 26.2 32.1 301629.11.8 29.5 32.1 301629.12 32.8 32.1 301629.1

2.2 36.1 32.1 301629.12.4 39.4 32.1 301629.12.6 42.7 32.1 301629.12.8 45.9 32.1 301629.13 49.2 32.1 301629.1

3.2 52.5 32.1 301629.1

Fa'(N/mm2) Pa(N)

3.4 55.8 30.3 283992.3 LONG3.6 59.1 27.5 257695.33.8 62.3 25.0 235065.34 65.6 23.0 215436.2

4.2 68.9 21.1 198288.24.4 72.2 19.5 183210.84.6 75.5 18.1 169876.14.8 78.7 16.8 158019.55 82.0 15.7 147425.2

5.2 85.3 14.7 137916.15.4 88.6 13.8 129345.55.6 91.9 13.0 121590.95.8 95.1 12.2 114549.56 98.4 11.5 108134.3

9-25



Rev.1013


COLUMN

W SHAPE

* 304.8 mm x 304.8 mm x 12.7 mmAllowable Axial Stresses and Loads

bf / tf = 24.0 r y= 73.15 mm A = 11296.75 mm2

X X

Y

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r

EXTREN® 500/525/625

E = 17,244 N/mm2

Fa(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.2 2.7 24.4 276136.2 SHORT0.4 5.5 24.4 276136.20.6 8.2 24.4 276136.20.8 10.9 24.4 276136.21 13.7 24.4 276136.2

1.2 16.4 24.4 276136.21.4 19.1 24.4 276136.21.6 21.9 24.4 276136.21.8 24.6 24.4 276136.22 27.3 24.4 276136.2

2.2 30.1 24.4 276136.22.4 32.8 24.4 276136.22.6 35.5 24.4 276136.22.8 38.3 24.4 276136.23 41.0 24.4 276136.2

3.2 43.7 24.4 276136.23.4 46.5 24.4 276136.2

3.6 49.2 24.4 276136.23.8 51.9 24.4 276136.24 54.7 24.4 276136.2

4.2 57.4 24.4 276136.24.4 60.2 24.4 276136.24.6 62.9 24.4 276136.2

Fa'(N/mm2) Pa(N)

4.8 65.6 22.9 259251.1 LONG5 68.4 21.4 241869.8

5.2 71.1 20.0 226269.05.4 73.8 18.8 212207.85.6 76.6 17.7 199485.45.8 79.3 16.6 187933.06 82.0 15.7 177408.2

9-26



Rev.1013

COLUMN

I SHAPE

76.2 mm x 38.1 mm x 6.35 mm


bf / tf = 6 r y= 8.13 mm A = 890.3 mm2

X X

Y

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 24.6 68.9 61341.7 75.8 67484.7 SHORT


0.4 49.2 38.9 34667.0 41.9 37334.7 LONG

0.6 73.8 19.5 17400.5 21.0 18739.5

0.8 98.4 12.0 10670.0 12.9 11491.1

1 123.0 8.2 7301.6 8.8 7863.5

1.2 147.6 6.0 5355.6 6.5 5767.8

1.4 172.2 4.6 4121.0 5.0 4438.1

1.6 196.8 3.7 3284.1 4.0 3536.8

9-27



Rev.1013

COLUMN

I SHAPE

101.6 mm x 50.8 mm x 6.35 mm


bf / tf = 8.0 r y= 10.9 mm A = 1219.35 mm2

X X

Y

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 18.3 68.9 84013.2 75.8 92426.7 SHORT


0.4 36.7 64.1 78159.0 69.0 84173.6 LONG

0.6 55.0 32.2 39230.5 34.6 42249.4

0.8 73.4 19.7 24056.3 21.2 25907.5

1 91.7 13.5 16461.9 14.5 17728.7

1.2 110.1 9.9 12074.6 10.7 13003.8

1.4 128.4 7.6 9291.0 8.2 10006.0

1.6 146.8 6.1 7404.2 6.5 7974.0

1.8 165.1 5.0 6060.6 5.4 6527.0

2 183.5 4.2 5066.8 4.5 5456.7

2.2 201.8 3.5 4308.9 3.8 4640.4

9-28



Rev.1013

COLUMN

I SHAPE


bf / tf = 10.0 r y= 12.7 mm A = 1600 mm2

X X

Y

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r

EXTREN® 500/525/625

E = 17,244 N/mm2

Fa(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.2 15.7 68.9 110240 SHORT0.4 31.5 68.9 110240

Fa'(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.6 47.2 40.1 64186.1 LONG0.8 63.0 24.6 39359.11.0 78.7 16.8 26933.81.2 94.5 12.3 19755.6

9-29



Rev.1013

COLUMN

I SHAPE


bf / tf = 12.0 r y= 16 mm A = 1858 mm2

X X

Y

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r

EXTREN® 500/525/625

E = 17,244 N/mm2

Fa(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.2 12.5 68.9 128016.2 SHORT0.4 25.0 68.9 128016.2

Fa'(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.6 37.5 59.4 110383.8 LONG0.8 50.0 36.4 67687.71 62.5 24.9 46319.4

1.2 75.0 18.3 33974.61.4 87.5 14.1 26142.41.6 100.0 11.2 20833.31.8 112.5 9.2 17052.92 125.0 7.7 14256.5

2.2 137.5 6.5 12123.92.4 150.0 5.6 10456.92.6 162.5 4.9 9126.62.8 175.0 4.3 8046.33 187.5 3.9 7155.8

3.2 200.0 3.5 6412.2


9-30



Rev.1013

COLUMN

I SHAPE

* 152.4 mm x 76.2 mm x 9.525 mmAllowable Axial Stresses and Loads

bf / tf = 8.0 r y= 16.26 mm A = 2729 mm2


X X

Y

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r

EXTREN® 500/525/625

E = 17,244 N/mm2

Fa(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.2 12.3 68.9 188028.1 SHORT0.4 24.6 68.9 188028.1

Fa'(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.6 36.9 61.1 166634.2 LONG0.8 49.2 37.4 102180.61 61.5 25.6 69923.2

1.2 73.8 18.8 51287.71.4 86.1 14.5 39464.21.6 98.4 11.5 31449.81.8 110.7 9.4 25742.92 123.0 7.9 21521.4

2.2 135.3 6.7 18302.22.4 147.6 5.8 15785.62.6 159.9 5.0 13777.42.8 172.2 4.5 12146.53 184.5 4.0 10802.3

3.2 196.8 3.5 9679.8

9-31



Rev.1013

COLUMN

I SHAPE


bf / tf = 10.67 r y= 21.34 mm A = 3696.7 mm2

X X

Y

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r

EXTREN® 500/525/625

E = 17,244 N/mm2

Fa(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.2 9.4 68.9 254702.6 SHORT0.4 18.7 68.9 254702.60.6 28.1 68.9 254702.6

Fa'(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.8 37.5 59.4 219737.7 LONG1 46.9 40.7 150368.7

1.2 56.2 29.8 110293.41.4 65.6 23.0 84867.21.6 75.0 18.3 67632.21.8 84.3 15.0 55359.82 93.7 12.5 46281.4

2.2 103.1 10.6 39358.52.4 112.5 9.2 33946.82.6 121.8 8.0 29628.02.8 131.2 7.1 26120.93 140.6 6.3 23230.1

3.2 150.0 5.6 20816.33.4 159.3 5.1 18777.73.6 168.7 4.6 17039.03.8 178.1 4.2 15542.74 187.4 3.9 14244.8

4.2 196.8 3.5 13110.9

9-32



Rev.1013

COLUMN

I SHAPE


bf / tf = 8.0 r y= 21.59 mm A = 4845.15 mm2

X X

Y

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r

EXTREN® 500/525/625

E = 17,244 N/mm2

Fa(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.2 9.3 68.9 333830.8 SHORT0.4 18.5 68.9 333830.80.6 27.8 68.9 333830.8

Fa'(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.8 37.1 60.6 293762.7 LONG1 46.3 41.5 201024.8

1.2 55.6 30.4 147448.91.4 64.8 23.4 113457.21.6 74.1 18.7 90416.11.8 83.4 15.3 74009.32 92.6 12.8 61872.6

2.2 101.9 10.9 52617.62.4 111.2 9.4 45382.72.6 120.4 8.2 39609.12.8 129.7 7.2 34920.53 139.0 6.4 31055.9

3.2 148.2 5.7 27828.83.4 157.5 5.2 25103.63.6 166.7 4.7 22779.03.8 176.0 4.3 20778.74 185.3 3.9 19043.5

4.2 194.5 3.6 17527.7


9-33



Rev.1013

COLUMN

I SHAPE


bf / tf = 13.3 r y= 26.42 mm A = 4664.5 mm2


X X

Y

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r

EXTREN® 500/525/625

E = 17,244 N/mm2

Fa(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.2 7.6 59.3 276385.0 SHORT0.4 15.1 59.3 276385.00.6 22.7 59.3 276385.00.8 30.3 59.3 276385.0

Fa'(N/mm2) Pa(N)

1 37.9 58.5 272774.5 LONG1.2 45.4 42.9 200076.31.4 53.0 33.0 153952.31.6 60.6 26.3 122687.31.8 68.1 21.5 100424.72 75.7 18.0 83956.2

2.2 83.3 15.3 71397.92.4 90.8 13.2 61580.72.6 98.4 11.5 53746.42.8 106.0 10.2 47384.43 113.6 9.0 42140.3

3.2 121.1 8.1 37761.53.4 128.7 7.3 34063.53.6 136.3 6.6 30909.33.8 143.8 6.0 28195.04 151.4 5.5 25840.5

4.2 159.0 5.1 23783.74.4 166.5 4.7 21975.34.6 174.1 4.4 20375.84.8 181.7 4.1 18953.75 189.3 3.8 17682.9

5.2 196.8 3.5 16542.4

9-34



Rev.1013

COLUMN

I SHAPE


bf / tf = 10.0 r y= 26.92 mm A = 6135.47 mm2


X X

Y

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r

EXTREN® 500/525/625

E = 17,244 N/mm2

Fa(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.2 7.4 68.9 422733.9 SHORT0.4 14.9 68.9 422733.90.6 22.3 68.9 422733.90.8 29.7 68.9 422733.9

Fa'(N/mm2) Pa(N)

1 37.1 60.4 370414.7 LONG1.2 44.6 44.3 271694.11.4 52.0 34.1 209059.81.6 59.4 27.2 166603.61.8 66.9 22.2 136371.92 74.3 18.6 114008.5

2.2 81.7 15.8 96954.92.4 89.2 13.6 83623.72.6 96.6 11.9 72985.02.8 104.0 10.5 64345.73 111.4 9.3 57224.5

3.2 118.9 8.4 51278.33.4 126.3 7.5 46256.63.6 133.7 6.8 41973.43.8 141.2 6.2 38287.44 148.6 5.7 35090.2

4.2 156.0 5.3 32297.24.4 163.4 4.9 29841.44.6 170.9 4.5 27669.44.8 178.3 4.2 25738.25 185.7 3.9 24012.6

5.2 193.2 3.7 22463.8

9-35



Rev.1013

COLUMN

I SHAPE


bf / tf = 12.0 r y= 32 mm A = 7425.8 mm2

X X

Y

Y


EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r

EXTREN® 500/525/625

E = 17,244 N/mm2

Fa(N/mm2) Pa(N)

0.2 6.3 68.9 511637.6 SHORT0.4 12.5 68.9 511637.60.6 18.8 68.9 511637.60.8 25.0 68.9 511637.61 31.3 68.9 511637.6

Fa'(N/mm2) Pa(N)

1.2 37.5 59.4 441166.9 LONG1.4 43.8 45.7 339463.71.6 50.0 36.4 270524.81.8 56.3 29.8 221435.82 62.5 24.9 185122.9

2.2 68.8 21.2 157431.82.4 75.0 18.3 135785.02.6 81.3 16.0 118510.42.8 87.5 14.1 104482.23 93.8 12.5 92919.1

3.2 100.0 11.2 83263.83.4 106.3 10.1 75109.83.6 112.5 9.2 68154.93.8 118.8 8.4 62169.74 125.0 7.7 56978.2

4.2 131.3 7.1 52443.04.4 137.5 6.5 48455.34.6 143.8 6.1 44928.64.8 150.0 5.6 41792.75 156.3 5.3 38990.8

5.2 162.5 4.9 36475.85.4 168.8 4.6 34209.15.6 175.0 4.3 32158.25.8 181.3 4.1 30295.96 187.5 3.9 28599.2

9-36



Rev.1013

COLUMN

EQUAL LEG ANGLES

50.8 mm x 50.8 mm x 6.35 mm


b/t = 8.0 rz= 9.91 mm A = 593.54 mm2

X X

Y

Y Z

Z

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 20.2 20.4 12135.8 22.0 13069.7 LONG

0.4 40.4 14.0 8289.0 15.0 8926.8

0.6 60.5 11.2 6632.1 12.0 7142.5

0.8 80.7 9.5 5661.5 10.3 6097.2

1 100.9 8.4 5007.7 9.1 5393.0

1.2 121.1 7.6 4529.9 8.2 4878.4

1.4 141.3 7.0 4161.6 7.6 4481.9

1.6 161.5 6.5 3866.9 7.0 4164.5

1.8 181.6 6.1 3624.4 6.6 3903.3

2 201.8 5.8 3420.3 6.2 3683.5

9-37



Rev.1013

COLUMN

EQUAL LEG ANGLES

76.2 mm x 76.2 mm x 6.35 mm


b/t = 12.0 r z= 14.73 mm A = 916.13 mm2

X X

Y

Y Z

Z

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 13.6 20.9 19138.3 22.5 20611.0 SHORT


0.4 27.2 17.4 15910.3 18.7 17134.7 LONG

0.6 40.7 13.9 12730.0 15.0 13709.6

0.8 54.3 11.9 10867.1 12.8 11703.3

1 67.9 10.5 9612.0 11.3 10351.6

1.2 81.5 9.5 8694.9 10.2 9364.0

1.4 95.0 8.7 7988.1 9.4 8602.8

1.6 108.6 8.1 7422.4 8.7 7993.6

1.8 122.2 7.6 6956.8 8.2 7492.2

2 135.8 7.2 6565.2 7.7 7070.4

2.2 149.4 6.8 6229.9 7.3 6709.3

2.4 162.9 6.5 5938.8 7.0 6395.8

2.6 176.5 6.2 5683.0 6.7 6120.3

2.8 190.1 6.0 5456.0 6.4 5875.9

3 203.7 5.7 5252.9 6.2 5657.1

9-38



Rev.1013

COLUMN

EQUAL LEG ANGLES

76.2 mm x 76.2 mm x 9.525 mm


b/t = 8.0 r z= 14.73 mm A = 1348.38 mm2

X X

Y

Y Z

Z

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 13.6 25.4 34287.4 27.4 36925.9 LONG

0.4 27.2 17.4 23417.2 18.7 25219.2

0.6 40.7 13.9 18736.3 15.0 20178.1

0.8 54.3 11.9 15994.4 12.8 17225.2

1 67.9 10.5 14147.1 11.3 15235.8

1.2 81.5 9.5 12797.3 10.2 13782.1

1.4 95.0 8.7 11757.0 9.4 12661.8

1.6 108.6 8.1 10924.5 8.7 11765.2

1.8 122.2 7.6 10239.2 8.2 11027.2

2 135.8 7.2 9662.8 7.7 10406.3

2.2 149.4 6.8 9169.3 7.3 9874.9

2.4 162.9 6.5 8740.8 7.0 9413.4

2.6 176.5 6.2 8364.3 6.7 9008.0

2.8 190.1 6.0 8030.3 6.4 8648.2

3 203.7 5.7 7731.3 6.2 8326.2

9-39



Rev.1013

COLUMN

EQUAL LEG ANGLES

101.6 mm x 101.6 mm x 6.35 mm


b/t = 16.0 r z= 20.07 mm A = 1238.7 mm2

X X

Y

Y Z

Z

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 10.0 15.9 19688.8 17.1 21204.0 SHORT

0.4 20.0 15.9 19688.8 17.1 21204.0

0.6 30.0 15.9 19688.8 17.1 21204.0


0.8 40.0 14.0 17389.9 15.1 18728.1 LONG

1 50.0 12.4 15381.4 13.4 16565.0

1.2 60.0 11.2 13913.8 12.1 14984.5

1.4 70.0 10.3 12782.8 11.1 13766.5

1.6 80.0 9.6 11877.6 10.3 12791.6

1.8 90.0 9.0 11132.6 9.7 11989.3

2 100.0 8.5 10505.8 9.1 11314.3

2.2 109.9 8.0 9969.3 8.7 10736.4

2.4 119.9 7.7 9503.4 8.3 10234.7

2.6 129.9 7.3 9094.1 7.9 9793.9

2.8 139.9 7.0 8730.9 7.6 9402.8

3 149.9 6.8 8405.8 7.3 9052.7

3.2 159.9 6.5 8112.7 7.1 8737.0

3.4 169.9 6.3 7846.6 6.8 8450.4

3.6 179.9 6.1 7603.8 6.6 8188.9

3.8 189.9 6.0 7381.0 6.4 7949.0

4 199.9 5.8 7175.7 6.2 7727.9

9-40



Rev.1013

COLUMN

EQUAL LEG ANGLES

101.6 mm x 101.6 mm x 9.525 mm


b/t = 10.67 r z= 19.81 mm A = 1832.25 mm2

X X

Y

Y Z

Z

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 10.1 23.4 42795.3 25.2 46088.6 SHORT


0.4 20.2 20.4 37452.6 22.0 40334.7 LONG

0.6 30.3 16.4 29966.2 17.6 32272.2

0.8 40.4 14.0 25580.9 15.0 27549.4

1 50.5 12.3 22626.4 13.3 24367.5

1.2 60.6 11.2 20467.5 12.0 22042.6

1.4 70.7 10.3 18803.7 11.1 20250.8

1.6 80.8 9.5 17472.3 10.3 18816.8

1.8 90.9 8.9 16376.3 9.6 17636.5

2 101.0 8.4 15454.3 9.1 16643.5

2.2 111.1 8.0 14665.0 8.6 15793.5

2.4 121.2 7.6 13979.7 8.2 15055.5

2.6 131.2 7.3 13377.6 7.9 14407.1

2.8 141.3 7.0 12843.3 7.5 13831.7

3 151.4 6.7 12365.1 7.3 13316.6

3.2 161.5 6.5 11933.9 7.0 12852.2

3.4 171.6 6.3 11542.5 6.8 12430.8

3.6 181.7 6.1 11185.3 6.6 12046.1

3.8 191.8 5.9 10857.6 6.4 11693.1

4 201.9 5.8 10555.6 6.2 11367.9

9-41



Rev.1013

COLUMN

EQUAL LEG ANGLES

101.6 mm x 101.6 mm x 12.7 mm


b/t = 8.0 r z= 19.81 mm A = 2419.35 mm2

X X

Y

Y Z

Z

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 10.1 29.9 72408.0 32.2 77980.0 LONG

0.4 20.2 20.4 49453.4 22.0 53261.9

0.6 30.3 16.4 39568.1 17.6 42615.4

0.8 40.4 14.0 33777.6 15.0 36379.0

1 50.5 12.3 29876.4 13.3 32177.3

1.2 60.6 11.2 27025.8 12.0 29107.2

1.4 70.7 10.3 24829.0 11.1 26741.1

1.6 80.8 9.5 23070.8 10.3 24847.6

1.8 90.9 8.9 21623.6 9.6 23288.9

2 101.0 8.4 20406.2 9.1 21977.8

2.2 111.1 8.0 19364.1 8.6 20855.3

2.4 121.2 7.6 18459.2 8.2 19880.8

2.6 131.2 7.3 17664.2 7.9 19024.6

2.8 141.3 7.0 16958.7 7.5 18264.7

3 151.4 6.7 16327.2 7.3 17584.6

3.2 161.5 6.5 15757.8 7.0 16971.4

3.4 171.6 6.3 15241.1 6.8 16414.8

3.6 181.7 6.1 14769.4 6.6 15906.8

3.8 191.8 5.9 14336.7 6.4 15440.8

4 201.9 5.8 13937.9 6.2 15011.2

9-42



Rev.1013

COLUMN

EQUAL LEG ANGLES

*127 mm x 127 mm x 12.7 mm


b/t = 10.0 r z= 25.91 mm A = 3038.7 mm2

X X

Y

Y Z

Z

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 7.7 24.8 75484.1 26.8 81292.9 SHORT


0.4 15.4 23.7 71995.5 25.5 77535.8 LONG

0.6 23.2 19.0 57604.4 20.4 62037.2

0.8 30.9 16.2 49174.4 17.4 52958.5

1 38.6 14.3 43494.9 15.4 46842.0

1.2 46.3 12.9 39344.9 13.9 42372.7

1.4 54.0 11.9 36146.7 12.8 38928.3

1.6 61.8 11.1 33587.1 11.9 36171.7

1.8 69.5 10.4 31480.3 11.2 33902.8

2 77.2 9.8 29707.9 10.5 31994.0

2.2 84.9 9.3 28190.7 10.0 30360.1

2.4 92.6 8.8 26873.4 9.5 28941.4

2.6 100.3 8.5 25716.0 9.1 27694.9

2.8 108.1 8.1 24688.9 8.8 26588.8

3 115.8 7.8 23769.6 8.4 25598.7

3.2 123.5 7.5 22940.7 8.1 24706.0

3.4 131.2 7.3 22188.4 7.9 23895.8

3.6 138.9 7.1 21501.7 7.6 23156.3

3.8 146.7 6.9 20871.7 7.4 22477.8

4 154.4 6.7 20291.1 7.2 21852.6

4.2 162.1 6.5 19753.8 7.0 21274.0

4.4 169.8 6.3 19254.8 6.8 20736.5

4.6 177.5 6.2 18789.8 6.7 20235.7

4.8 185.3 6.0 18355.1 6.5 19767.5

5 193.0 5.9 17947.5 6.4 19328.7

5.2 200.7 5.8 17564.5 6.2 18916.2

5.4 208.4 5.7 17203.7 6.1 18527.6

5.6 216.1 5.5 16863.0 6.0 18160.7

5.8 223.9 5.4 16540.7 5.9 17813.5

6 231.6 5.3 16235.1 5.8 17484.5


9-43



Rev.1013

COLUMN

EQUAL LEG ANGLES

*152.4 mm x 152.4 mm x 9.525 mm


b/t = 16.0 r z= 29.97 mm A = 2800 mm2

X X

Y

Y Z

Z

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 6.7 15.9 44505.3 17.1 47930.1 SHORT

0.4 13.3 15.9 44505.3 17.1 47930.1

0.6 20.0 15.9 44505.3 17.1 47930.1

0.8 26.7 15.9 44505.3 17.1 47930.1


1 33.4 15.5 43419.0 16.7 46760.2 LONG

1.2 40.0 14.0 39276.2 15.1 42298.7

1.4 46.7 12.9 36083.5 13.9 38860.3

1.6 53.4 12.0 33528.4 12.9 36108.6

1.8 60.1 11.2 31425.3 12.1 33843.6

2 66.7 10.6 29656.0 11.4 31938.1

2.2 73.4 10.1 28141.5 10.8 30307.1

2.4 80.1 9.6 26826.5 10.3 28890.8

2.6 86.8 9.2 25671.1 9.9 27646.5

2.8 93.4 8.8 24645.8 9.5 26542.3

3 100.1 8.5 23728.1 9.1 25554.0

3.2 106.8 8.2 22900.6 8.8 24662.9

3.4 113.4 7.9 22149.6 8.5 23854.1

3.6 120.1 7.7 21464.1 8.3 23115.8

3.8 126.8 7.4 20835.2 8.0 22438.6

4 133.5 7.2 20255.7 7.8 21814.4

4.2 140.1 7.0 19719.3 7.6 21236.8

4.4 146.8 6.9 19221.2 7.4 20700.3

4.6 153.5 6.7 18757.0 7.2 20200.4

4.8 160.2 6.5 18323.0 7.0 19733.0

5 166.8 6.4 17916.2 6.9 19294.9

5.2 173.5 6.3 17533.9 6.7 18883.1

5.4 180.2 6.1 17173.7 6.6 18495.2

5.6 186.9 6.0 16833.6 6.5 18129.0

5.8 193.5 5.9 16511.8 6.4 17782.4

6 200.2 5.8 16206.8 6.2 17453.9


9-44



Rev.1013

COLUMN

EQUAL LEG ANGLES

152.4 mm x 152.4 mm x 12.7 mm


b/t = 12.0 r z= 29.72 mm A = 3690.3 mm2

X X

Y

Y Z

Z

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 6.7 20.9 77091.7 22.5 83024.1 SHORT

0.4 13.5 20.9 77091.7 22.5 83024.1


0.6 20.2 20.4 75439.5 22.0 81244.8 LONG

0.8 26.9 17.5 64399.5 18.8 69355.3

1 33.6 15.4 56961.6 16.6 61345.0

1.2 40.4 14.0 51526.7 15.0 55491.9

1.4 47.1 12.8 47338.2 13.8 50981.0

1.6 53.8 11.9 43986.2 12.8 47371.0

1.8 60.6 11.2 41227.1 12.0 44399.6

2 67.3 10.5 38905.9 11.4 41899.9

2.2 74.0 10.0 36919.0 10.8 39760.0

2.4 80.8 9.5 35193.8 10.3 37902.1

2.6 87.5 9.1 33678.0 9.8 36269.7

2.8 94.2 8.8 32332.9 9.4 34821.1

3 100.9 8.4 31129.0 9.1 33524.5

3.2 107.7 8.1 30043.4 8.8 32355.4

3.4 114.4 7.9 29058.2 8.5 31294.3

3.6 121.1 7.6 28158.9 8.2 30325.8

3.8 127.9 7.4 27333.9 8.0 29437.3

4 134.6 7.2 26573.5 7.8 28618.4

4.2 141.3 7.0 25869.9 7.5 27860.7

4.4 148.0 6.8 25216.4 7.4 27156.9

4.6 154.8 6.7 24607.4 7.2 26501.0

4.8 161.5 6.5 24038.1 7.0 25887.9

5 168.2 6.4 23504.4 6.9 25313.1

5.2 175.0 6.2 23002.8 6.7 24772.9

5.4 181.7 6.1 22530.2 6.6 24264.0

5.6 188.4 6.0 22084.1 6.4 23783.5

5.8 195.2 5.9 21661.9 6.3 23328.9

6 201.9 5.8 21261.7 6.2 22897.9

9-45



Rev.1013

COLUMN

ROUND TUBE

38.1 mm x 6.35 mm


D/t = 6.0 r = 11.43 mm A = 632.25 mm2

XX

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 17.5 68.9 43562.0 75.8 47924.6 SHORT

0.4 35.0 68.9 43562.0 75.8 47924.6


0.6 52.5 45.1 28525.1 48.6 30720.2

0.8 70.0 31.0 19624.9 33.4 21135.1

1 87.5 23.2 14683.3 25.0 15813.2

1.2 105.0 18.3 11584.8 19.7 12476.3

1.4 122.5 15.0 9481.1 16.1 10210.7

1.6 140.0 12.6 7970.2 13.6 8583.5

1.8 157.5 10.8 6838.6 11.6 7364.9

2 175.0 9.4 5963.3 10.2 6422.2

2.2 192.5 8.3 5268.3 9.0 5673.8

9-46



Rev.1013

COLUMN

ROUND TUBE

*44.45 mm x 6.35 mm


D/t = 7 r = 13.71 mm A = 761.29 mm2

XX

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 14.6 68.9 52452.9 75.8 57705.8 SHORT

0.4 29.2 68.9 52452.9 75.8 57705.8


0.6 43.8 57.2 43508.8 61.5 46857.0 LONG

0.8 58.4 39.3 29933.5 42.3 32236.9

1 72.9 29.4 22396.2 31.7 24119.6

1.2 87.5 23.2 17670.1 25.0 19029.8

1.4 102.1 19.0 14461.3 20.5 15574.1

1.6 116.7 16.0 12156.8 17.2 13092.3

1.8 131.3 13.7 10430.8 14.8 11233.5

2 145.9 11.9 9095.7 12.9 9795.6

2.2 160.5 10.6 8035.7 11.4 8654.1

2.4 175.1 9.4 7176.3 10.2 7728.5

2.6 189.6 8.5 6467.1 9.1 6964.7

2.8 204.2 7.7 5873.1 8.3 6325.1


9-47



Rev.1013

COLUMN

ROUND TUBE

50.8 mm x 6.35 mm


D/t = 8.0 r = 15.75 mm A = 883.87 in2

XX

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 12.7 63.8 56386.3 68.7 60725.4 SHORT

0.4 25.4 63.8 56386.3 68.7 60725.4

0.6 38.1 63.8 56386.3 68.7 60725.4


0.8 50.8 47.1 41620.9 50.7 44823.7 LONG

1 63.5 35.2 31140.7 37.9 33537.1

1.2 76.2 27.8 24569.3 29.9 26460.0

1.4 88.9 22.7 20107.7 24.5 21655.0

1.6 101.6 19.1 16903.3 20.6 18204.1

1.8 114.3 16.4 14503.5 17.7 15619.6

2 127.0 14.3 12647.0 15.4 13620.3

2.2 139.7 12.6 11173.2 13.6 12033.0

2.4 152.4 11.3 9978.2 12.2 10746.1

2.6 165.1 10.2 8992.1 11.0 9684.1

2.8 177.8 9.2 8166.3 10.0 8794.7

3 190.5 8.4 7465.7 9.1 8040.2

9-48



Rev.1013

COLUMN

ROUND TUBE

63.5 mm x 6.35 mm


D/t = 10.0 r = 20.32 mm A = 1141.93 mm2

XX

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 9.8 52.8 60263.1 56.8 64900.5 SHORT

0.4 19.7 52.8 60263.1 56.8 64900.5

0.6 29.5 52.8 60263.1 56.8 64900.5

0.8 39.4 52.8 60263.1 56.8 64900.5


1 49.2 49.1 56029.3 52.8 60340.9 LONG

1.2 59.1 38.7 44205.8 41.7 47607.6

1.4 68.9 31.7 36178.4 34.1 38962.4

1.6 78.7 26.6 30413.0 28.7 32753.4

1.8 88.6 22.9 26095.2 24.6 28103.3

2 98.4 19.9 22755.0 21.5 24506.0

2.2 108.3 17.6 20103.2 19.0 21650.2

2.4 118.1 15.7 17953.2 16.9 19334.7

2.6 128.0 14.2 16178.9 15.3 17424.0

2.8 137.8 12.9 14693.0 13.9 15823.7

3 147.6 11.8 13432.5 12.7 14466.2

3.2 157.5 10.8 12351.5 11.6 13302.0

3.4 167.3 10.0 11415.4 10.8 12293.9

3.6 177.2 9.3 10598.0 10.0 11413.5

3.8 187.0 8.7 9878.6 9.3 10638.8

4 196.9 8.1 9241.4 8.7 9952.5

9-49



Rev.1013

COLUMN

ROUND TUBE

*69.85 mm x 6.35 mm


D/t = 11 r = 22.6 mm A = 1264.5 mm2

XX

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 8.8 48.7 61538.5 52.4 66274.1 SHORT

0.4 17.7 48.7 61538.5 52.4 66274.1

0.6 26.5 48.7 61538.5 52.4 66274.1

0.8 35.4 48.7 61538.5 52.4 66274.1

1 44.2 48.7 61538.5 52.4 66274.1


1.2 53.1 44.5 56208.1 47.9 60533.5 LONG

1.4 61.9 36.4 46001.1 39.2 49541.0

1.6 70.8 30.6 38670.4 32.9 41646.2

1.8 79.6 26.2 33180.3 28.3 35733.7

2 88.5 22.9 28933.2 24.6 31159.7

2.2 97.3 20.2 25561.4 21.8 27528.5

2.4 106.2 18.1 22827.6 19.4 24584.3

2.6 115.0 16.3 20571.7 17.5 22154.7

2.8 123.9 14.8 18682.3 15.9 20119.9

3 132.7 13.5 17079.6 14.5 18393.9

3.2 141.6 12.4 15705.1 13.4 16913.6

3.4 150.4 11.5 14514.8 12.4 15631.8

3.6 159.3 10.7 13475.4 11.5 14512.4

3.8 168.1 9.9 12560.8 10.7 13527.4

4 177.0 9.3 11750.5 10.0 12654.8

4.2 185.8 8.7 11028.4 9.4 11877.0

4.4 194.7 8.2 10381.2 8.8 11180.0


9-50



Rev.1013

COLUMN

ROUND TUBE

*69.85 mm x 9.525 mm


D/t = 9.33 r = 21.59 mm A = 1806.4 mm2

XX

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 9.3 56.0 101117.5 60.3 108898.8 SHORT

0.4 18.5 56.0 101117.5 60.3 108898.8

0.6 27.8 56.0 101117.5 60.3 108898.8

0.8 37.1 56.0 101117.5 60.3 108898.8


1 46.3 53.1 95899.7 57.2 103279.5 LONG

1.2 55.6 41.9 75662.7 45.1 81485.2

1.4 64.8 34.3 61922.9 36.9 66688.0

1.6 74.1 28.8 52054.9 31.0 56060.7

1.8 83.4 24.7 44664.6 26.6 48101.6

2 92.6 21.6 38947.4 23.2 41944.5

2.2 101.9 19.0 34408.7 20.5 37056.5

2.4 111.2 17.0 30728.6 18.3 33093.3

2.6 120.4 15.3 27691.9 16.5 29822.8

2.8 129.7 13.9 25148.5 15.0 27083.7

3 139.0 12.7 22991.1 13.7 24760.3

3.2 148.2 11.7 21140.8 12.6 22767.7

3.4 157.5 10.8 19538.7 11.6 21042.2

3.6 166.7 10.0 18139.5 10.8 19535.3

3.8 176.0 9.4 16908.3 10.1 18209.4

4 185.3 8.8 15817.6 9.4 17034.8

4.2 194.5 8.2 14845.4 8.9 15987.9


9-51



Rev.1013

COLUMN

ROUND TUBE

76.2 mm x 6.35 mm


D/t = 12.0 r = 24.89 mm A = 1393.5 mm2

XX

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 8.0 45.2 62981.7 48.7 67828.4 SHORT

0.4 16.1 45.2 62981.7 48.7 67828.4

0.6 24.1 45.2 62981.7 48.7 67828.4

0.8 32.1 45.2 62981.7 48.7 67828.4

1 40.2 45.2 62981.7 48.7 67828.4

1.2 48.2 45.2 62981.7 48.7 67828.4


1.4 56.2 41.2 57470.9 44.4 61893.5 LONG

1.6 64.3 34.7 48312.4 37.3 52030.2

1.8 72.3 29.7 41453.4 32.0 44643.4

2 80.4 25.9 36147.3 27.9 38928.9

2.2 88.4 22.9 31934.9 24.7 34392.3

2.4 96.4 20.5 28519.4 22.0 30714.0

2.6 104.5 18.4 25700.9 19.9 27678.7

2.8 112.5 16.7 23340.4 18.0 25136.6

3 120.5 15.3 21338.1 16.5 22980.2

3.2 128.6 14.1 19620.9 15.2 21130.8

3.4 136.6 13.0 18133.9 14.0 19529.4

3.6 144.6 12.1 16835.3 13.0 18130.8

3.8 152.7 11.3 15692.6 12.1 16900.2

4 160.7 10.5 14680.3 11.3 15810.0

4.2 168.7 9.9 13778.1 10.6 14838.4

4.4 176.8 9.3 12969.6 10.0 13967.6

4.6 184.8 8.8 12241.3 9.5 13183.4

4.8 192.8 8.3 11582.5 9.0 12473.8

5 200.9 7.9 10983.8 8.5 11829.1

9-52



Rev.1013

COLUMN

ROUND TUBE

*88.9 mm x 12.7 mm


D/t = 7.0 r = 27.18 mm A = 3038.7 mm2

XX

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 7.4 71.5 217153.2 77.0 233863.8 SHORT

0.4 14.7 71.5 217153.2 77.0 233863.8

0.6 22.1 71.5 217153.2 77.0 233863.8

0.8 29.4 71.5 217153.2 77.0 233863.8

1 36.8 71.5 217153.2 77.0 233863.8


1.2 44.2 56.5 171692.6 60.8 184904.9 LONG

1.4 51.5 46.2 140514.4 49.8 151327.4

1.6 58.9 38.9 118122.1 41.9 127212.0

1.8 66.2 33.4 101352.1 35.9 109151.5

2 73.6 29.1 88378.8 31.3 95179.8

2.2 80.9 25.7 78079.6 27.7 84088.1

2.4 88.3 22.9 69728.9 24.7 75094.7

2.6 95.7 20.7 62837.9 22.3 67673.5

2.8 103.0 18.8 57066.6 20.2 61458.0

3 110.4 17.2 52171.0 18.5 56185.8

3.2 117.7 15.8 47972.5 17.0 51664.1

3.4 125.1 14.6 44336.8 15.7 47748.7

3.6 132.5 13.5 41161.8 14.6 44329.3

3.8 139.8 12.6 38367.9 13.6 41320.5

4 147.2 11.8 35893.0 12.7 38655.0

4.2 154.5 11.1 33687.1 11.9 36279.4

4.4 161.9 10.4 31710.2 11.2 34150.4

4.6 169.2 9.8 29929.7 10.6 32232.9

4.8 176.6 9.3 28318.7 10.0 30497.9

5 184.0 8.8 26855.1 9.5 28921.6

5.2 191.3 8.4 25520.1 9.0 27484.0

5.4 198.7 8.0 24298.3 8.6 26168.1

5.6 206.0 7.6 23176.2 8.2 24959.7

5.8 213.4 7.3 22142.7 7.8 23846.7

6 220.8 7.0 21188.0 7.5 22818.5


9-53



Rev.1013

COLUMN

ROUND TUBE

*101.6 mm x 6.35 mm


D/t = 16.0 r = 33.78 mm A = 1896.77 mm2


XX

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 5.9 35.4 67131.2 38.1 72297.2 SHORT

0.4 11.8 35.4 67131.2 38.1 72297.2

0.6 17.8 35.4 67131.2 38.1 72297.2

0.8 23.7 35.4 67131.2 38.1 72297.2

1 29.6 35.4 67131.2 38.1 72297.2

1.2 35.5 35.4 67131.2 38.1 72297.2

1.4 41.4 35.4 67131.2 38.1 72297.2

1.6 47.4 35.4 67131.2 38.1 72297.2

1.8 53.3 35.4 67131.2 38.1 72297.2

2 59.2 35.4 67131.2 38.1 72297.2


2.2 65.1 34.1 64654.4 36.7 69629.7 LONG

2.4 71.0 30.4 57739.5 32.8 62182.7

2.6 77.0 27.4 52033.4 29.5 56037.5

2.8 82.9 24.9 47254.4 26.8 50890.7

3 88.8 22.8 43200.6 24.5 46525.0

3.2 94.7 20.9 39723.9 22.6 42780.8

3.4 100.7 19.4 36713.4 20.8 39538.6

3.6 106.6 18.0 34084.3 19.4 36707.2

3.8 112.5 16.7 31770.8 18.0 34215.7

4 118.4 15.7 29721.4 16.9 32008.6

4.2 124.3 14.7 27894.8 15.8 30041.4

4.4 130.3 13.8 26257.8 14.9 28278.4

4.6 136.2 13.1 24783.5 14.1 26690.6

4.8 142.1 12.4 23449.5 13.3 25254.0

5 148.0 11.7 22237.5 12.6 23948.8

5.2 153.9 11.1 21132.1 12.0 22758.3

5.4 159.9 10.6 20120.3 11.4 21668.7

5.6 165.8 10.1 19191.2 10.9 20668.1

5.8 171.7 9.7 18335.4 10.4 19746.4

6 177.6 9.2 17544.9 10.0 18895.0

9-54



Rev.1013

COLUMN

ROUND TUBE

*127 mm x 6.35 mm


D/t = 20.0 r = 42.67 mm A = 2406.4 mm2


XX

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 4.7 29.3 70453.7 31.5 75875.4 SHORT

0.4 9.4 29.3 70453.7 31.5 75875.4

0.6 14.1 29.3 70453.7 31.5 75875.4

0.8 18.7 29.3 70453.7 31.5 75875.4

1 23.4 29.3 70453.7 31.5 75875.4

1.2 28.1 29.3 70453.7 31.5 75875.4

1.4 32.8 29.3 70453.7 31.5 75875.4

1.6 37.5 29.3 70453.7 31.5 75875.4

1.8 42.2 29.3 70453.7 31.5 75875.4

2 46.9 29.3 70453.7 31.5 75875.4

2.2 51.6 29.3 70453.7 31.5 75875.4

2.4 56.2 29.3 70453.7 31.5 75875.4

2.6 60.9 29.3 70453.7 31.5 75875.4

2.8 65.6 29.3 70453.7 31.5 75875.4

3 70.3 29.3 70453.7 31.5 75875.4


3.2 75.0 28.4 68282.2 30.6 73536.7 LONG

3.4 79.7 26.2 63107.3 28.2 67963.6

3.6 84.4 24.3 58588.1 26.2 63096.6

3.8 89.1 22.7 54611.4 24.4 58814.0

4 93.7 21.2 51088.6 22.9 55020.1

4.2 98.4 19.9 47948.9 21.5 51638.7

4.4 103.1 18.8 45135.0 20.2 48608.3

4.6 107.8 17.7 42600.7 19.1 45879.0

4.8 112.5 16.8 40307.8 18.0 43409.6

5 117.2 15.9 38224.5 17.1 41165.9

5.2 121.9 15.1 36324.4 16.3 39119.6

5.4 126.6 14.4 34585.2 15.5 37246.6

5.6 131.2 13.7 32988.1 14.8 35526.7

5.8 135.9 13.1 31517.1 14.1 33942.4

6 140.6 12.5 30158.2 13.5 32479.0

9-55



Rev.1013

COLUMN

ROUND TUBE

*152.4 mm x 6.35 mm


D/t = 24.0 r = 51.8 mm A = 2916 mm2


XX

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 3.9 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8 SHORT

0.4 7.7 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

0.6 11.6 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

0.8 15.4 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

1 19.3 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

1.2 23.2 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

1.4 27.0 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

1.6 30.9 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

1.8 34.7 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

2 38.6 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

2.2 42.5 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

2.4 46.3 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

2.6 50.2 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

2.8 54.1 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

3 57.9 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

3.2 61.8 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

3.4 65.6 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

3.6 69.5 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

3.8 73.4 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

4 77.2 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8

4.2 81.1 25.1 73117.2 27.0 78743.8


4.4 84.9 24.1 70372.5 26.0 75787.8 LONG

4.6 88.8 22.8 66421.1 24.5 71532.4

4.8 92.7 21.6 62846.0 23.2 67682.2

5 96.5 20.4 59597.8 22.0 64184.0

5.2 100.4 19.4 56635.3 20.9 60993.5

5.4 104.2 18.5 53923.7 19.9 58073.3

5.6 108.1 17.6 51433.6 19.0 55391.6

5.8 112.0 16.9 49140.0 18.1 52921.4

6 115.8 16.1 47021.3 17.4 50639.7

9-56



Rev.1013

COLUMN

SQUARE TUBE

*38.1 mm x 6.35 mm


b/t = 6.0 r = 13.21 mm A = 800 mm2

X

Y

X

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 15.1 68.9 55120.0 75.8 60640.0 SHORT

0.4 30.3 68.9 55120.0 75.8 60640.0


0.6 45.4 54.5 43565.4 58.6 46917.9 LONG

0.8 60.6 37.5 29972.4 40.3 32278.9

1 75.7 28.0 22425.3 30.2 24151.0

1.2 90.8 22.1 17693.1 23.8 19054.6

1.4 106.0 18.1 14480.1 19.5 15594.4

1.6 121.1 15.2 12172.6 16.4 13109.3

1.8 136.3 13.1 10444.4 14.1 11248.2

2 151.4 11.4 9107.5 12.3 9808.4

2.2 166.5 10.1 8046.2 10.8 8665.3

2.4 181.7 9.0 7185.6 9.7 7738.6

2.6 196.8 8.1 6475.5 8.7 6973.8


9-57



Rev.1013

COLUMN

SQUARE TUBE

*44.45 mm x 6.35 mm


b/t = 7.0 r = 15.75 mm A = 961.3 in2

X

Y

X

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 12.7 68.9 66233.6 75.8 72866.5 SHORT

0.4 25.4 68.9 66233.6 75.8 72866.5


0.6 38.1 68.4 65796.4 73.7 70859.6 LONG

0.8 50.8 47.1 45267.0 50.7 48750.4

1 63.5 35.2 33868.7 37.9 36475.0

1.2 76.2 27.8 26721.6 29.9 28778.0

1.4 88.9 22.7 21869.2 24.5 23552.1

1.6 101.6 19.1 18384.1 20.6 19798.8

1.8 114.3 16.4 15774.1 17.7 16988.0

2 127.0 14.3 13755.0 15.4 14813.5

2.2 139.7 12.6 12152.0 13.6 13087.2

2.4 152.4 11.3 10852.4 12.2 11687.5

2.6 165.1 10.2 9779.9 11.0 10532.5

2.8 177.8 9.2 8881.6 10.0 9565.1

3 190.5 8.4 8119.7 9.1 8744.6


9-58



Rev.1013

COLUMN

SQUARE TUBE

**50.8 mm x 6.35 mm


b/t = 8.0 r = 18.54 mm A = 1122.58 mm2

X

Y

X

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 10.8 63.8 71614.8 68.7 77125.7 SHORT

0.4 21.6 63.8 71614.8 68.7 77125.7

0.6 32.4 63.8 71614.8 68.7 77125.7


0.8 43.1 58.2 65345.9 62.7 70374.4 LONG

1 53.9 43.6 48891.7 46.9 52654.1

1.2 64.7 34.4 38574.4 37.0 41542.8

1.4 75.5 28.1 31569.6 30.3 33998.9

1.6 86.3 23.6 26538.7 25.5 28580.9

1.8 97.1 20.3 22770.9 21.8 24523.2

2 107.9 17.7 19856.2 19.0 21384.2

2.2 118.7 15.6 17542.3 16.8 18892.2

2.4 129.4 14.0 15666.1 15.0 16871.6

2.6 140.2 12.6 14117.9 13.5 15204.3

2.8 151.0 11.4 12821.2 12.3 13807.9

3 161.8 10.4 11721.3 11.2 12623.3

3.2 172.6 9.6 10778.0 10.3 11607.4

3.4 183.4 8.9 9961.2 9.6 10727.8

3.6 194.2 8.2 9247.9 8.9 9959.5

** Stocked in yellow, Series 525 only

9-59



Rev.1013

COLUMN

SQUARE TUBE

76.2 mm x 6.35 mm


b/t = 12.0 r = 28.7 mm A = 1767.7 mm2

X

Y

X

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 7.0 45.2 79894.4 48.7 86042.5 SHORT

0.4 13.9 45.2 79894.4 48.7 86042.5

0.6 20.9 45.2 79894.4 48.7 86042.5

0.8 27.9 45.2 79894.4 48.7 86042.5

1 34.8 45.2 79894.4 48.7 86042.5

1.2 41.8 45.2 79894.4 48.7 86042.5

1.4 48.8 45.2 79894.4 48.7 86042.5


1.6 55.7 41.7 73752.0 44.9 79427.5 LONG

1.8 62.7 35.8 63281.4 38.6 68151.1

2 69.7 31.2 55181.2 33.6 59427.6

2.2 76.7 27.6 48750.7 29.7 52502.2

2.4 83.6 24.6 43536.7 26.5 46887.0

2.6 90.6 22.2 39234.2 23.9 42253.4

2.8 97.6 20.2 35630.7 21.7 38372.6

3 104.5 18.4 32574.1 19.8 35080.8

3.2 111.5 16.9 29952.6 18.2 32257.6

3.4 118.5 15.7 27682.6 16.9 29812.9

3.6 125.4 14.5 25700.2 15.7 27677.9

3.8 132.4 13.6 23955.8 14.6 25799.3

4 139.4 12.7 22410.5 13.7 24135.1

4.2 146.3 11.9 21033.2 12.8 22651.8

4.4 153.3 11.2 19798.9 12.1 21322.5

4.6 160.3 10.6 18687.2 11.4 20125.3

4.8 167.2 10.0 17681.4 10.8 19042.0

5 174.2 9.5 16767.5 10.2 18057.8

5.2 181.2 9.0 15934.0 9.7 17160.2

5.4 188.2 8.6 15171.1 9.2 16338.6

5.6 195.1 8.2 14470.6 8.8 15584.1


9-60



Rev.1013

COLUMN

SQUARE TUBE

76.2 mm x 76.2 mm x 9.525 mm


b/t = 8.0 r = 27.43 mm A = 2516 mm2

X

Y

X

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 7.3 63.8 160507.7 68.7 172859.3 SHORT

0.4 14.6 63.8 160507.7 68.7 172859.3

0.6 21.9 63.8 160507.7 68.7 172859.3

0.8 29.2 63.8 160507.7 68.7 172859.3

1 36.5 63.8 160507.7 68.7 172859.3


1.2 43.7 57.2 143861.2 61.6 154931.7 LONG

1.4 51.0 46.8 117737.0 50.4 126797.2

1.6 58.3 39.3 98974.5 42.4 106590.9

1.8 65.6 33.8 84922.9 36.4 91458.0

2 72.9 29.4 74052.6 31.7 79751.2

2.2 80.2 26.0 65422.9 28.0 70457.4

2.4 87.5 23.2 58425.8 25.0 62921.8

2.6 94.8 20.9 52651.9 22.5 56703.6

2.8 102.1 19.0 47816.1 20.5 51495.7

3 109.4 17.4 43714.1 18.7 47078.0

3.2 116.7 16.0 40196.1 17.2 43289.3

3.4 124.0 14.8 37149.8 15.9 40008.6

3.6 131.2 13.7 34489.4 14.8 37143.5

3.8 138.5 12.8 32148.5 13.8 34622.4

4 145.8 12.0 30074.7 12.9 32389.0

4.2 153.1 11.2 28226.4 12.1 30398.5

4.4 160.4 10.6 26570.0 11.4 28614.6

4.6 167.7 10.0 25078.1 10.7 27007.9

4.8 175.0 9.4 23728.2 10.2 25554.2

5 182.3 8.9 22501.9 9.6 24233.4

5.2 189.6 8.5 21383.3 9.2 23028.8

5.4 196.9 8.1 20359.5 8.7 21926.2

5.6 204.2 7.7 19419.4 8.3 20913.7

5.8 211.4 7.4 18553.4 7.9 19981.1

6 218.7 7.1 17753.4 7.6 19119.6

9-61



Rev.1013

COLUMN

SQUARE TUBE

88.9 mm x 6.35 mm


b/t = 14.0 r = 34 mm A = 2096.77 mm2

X

Y

X

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 5.9 39.6 83129.2 42.7 89526.3 SHORT

0.4 11.8 39.6 83129.2 42.7 89526.3

0.6 17.6 39.6 83129.2 42.7 89526.3

0.8 23.5 39.6 83129.2 42.7 89526.3

1 29.4 39.6 83129.2 42.7 89526.3

1.2 35.3 39.6 83129.2 42.7 89526.3

1.4 41.2 39.6 83129.2 42.7 89526.3

1.6 47.1 39.6 83129.2 42.7 89526.3

1.8 52.9 39.6 83129.2 42.7 89526.3


2 58.8 38.9 81584.8 41.9 87863.0 LONG

2.2 64.7 34.4 72077.4 37.0 77624.0

2.4 70.6 30.7 64368.6 33.1 69321.9

2.6 76.5 27.7 58007.4 29.8 62471.2

2.8 82.4 25.1 52679.7 27.1 56733.5

3 88.2 23.0 48160.5 24.7 51866.6

3.2 94.1 21.1 44284.7 22.7 47692.5

3.4 100.0 19.5 40928.5 21.0 44078.1

3.6 105.9 18.1 37997.5 19.5 40921.5

3.8 111.8 16.9 35418.5 18.2 38144.0

4 117.6 15.8 33133.7 17.0 35683.5

4.2 123.5 14.8 31097.4 16.0 33490.5

4.4 129.4 14.0 29272.5 15.0 31525.1

4.6 135.3 13.2 27628.9 14.2 29755.0

4.8 141.2 12.5 26141.8 13.4 28153.4

5 147.1 11.8 24790.6 12.7 26698.3

5.2 152.9 11.2 23558.3 12.1 25371.2

5.4 158.8 10.7 22430.4 11.5 24156.5

5.6 164.7 10.2 21394.6 11.0 23041.0

5.8 170.6 9.7 20440.5 10.5 22013.5

6 176.5 9.3 19559.2 10.0 21064.4

9-62



Rev.1013

COLUMN

SQUARE TUBE

101.6 mm x 6.35 mm


b/t = 16.0 r = 38.86 mm A = 2412.9 mm2

X

Y

X

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M)

Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 5.1 35.4 85398.3 38.1 91969.9 SHORT

0.4 10.3 35.4 85398.3 38.1 91969.9

0.6 15.4 35.4 85398.3 38.1 91969.9

0.8 20.6 35.4 85398.3 38.1 91969.9

1 25.7 35.4 85398.3 38.1 91969.9

1.2 30.9 35.4 85398.3 38.1 91969.9

1.4 36.0 35.4 85398.3 38.1 91969.9

1.6 41.2 35.4 85398.3 38.1 91969.9

1.8 46.3 35.4 85398.3 38.1 91969.9

2 51.5 35.4 85398.3 38.1 91969.9

2.2 56.6 35.4 85398.3 38.1 91969.9

2.4 61.8 35.4 85398.3 38.1 91969.9


2.6 66.9 32.9 79415.0 35.4 85526.3 LONG

2.8 72.1 29.9 72121.1 32.2 77671.1

3 77.2 27.3 65934.1 29.4 71008.0

3.2 82.3 25.1 60628.0 27.1 65293.5

3.4 87.5 23.2 56033.2 25.0 60345.1

3.6 92.6 21.6 52020.5 23.2 56023.7

3.8 97.8 20.1 48489.7 21.6 52221.1

4 102.9 18.8 45361.8 20.2 48852.5

4.2 108.1 17.6 42573.9 19.0 45850.1

4.4 113.2 16.6 40075.6 17.9 43159.5

4.6 118.4 15.7 37825.3 16.9 40736.1

4.8 123.5 14.8 35789.4 16.0 38543.5

5 128.7 14.1 33939.6 15.1 36551.4

5.2 133.8 13.4 32252.5 14.4 34734.5

5.4 139.0 12.7 30708.3 13.7 33071.4

5.6 144.1 12.1 29290.3 13.1 31544.3

5.8 149.3 11.6 27984.1 12.5 30137.6

6 154.4 11.1 26777.6 12.0 28838.2

9-63



Rev.1013

COLUMN

SQUARE TUBE

101.6 mm x 101.6 mm x 9.525 mm


b/t = 10.67 r = 37.6 mm A = 3535.48 mm2

X

Y

X

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 5.3 49.9 176571.4 53.8 190159.1 SHORT

0.4 10.6 49.9 176571.4 53.8 190159.1

0.6 16.0 49.9 176571.4 53.8 190159.1

0.8 21.3 49.9 176571.4 53.8 190159.1

1 26.6 49.9 176571.4 53.8 190159.1

1.2 31.9 49.9 176571.4 53.8 190159.1

1.4 37.2 49.9 176571.4 53.8 190159.1

1.6 42.6 49.9 176571.4 53.8 190159.1

1.8 47.9 49.9 176571.4 53.8 190159.1


2 53.2 44.3 156793.7 47.8 168859.5 LONG

2.2 58.5 39.2 138521.8 42.2 149181.5

2.4 63.8 35.0 123706.6 37.7 133226.3

2.6 69.1 31.5 111481.4 34.0 120060.2

2.8 74.5 28.6 101242.3 30.8 109033.3

3 79.8 26.2 92557.2 28.2 99679.7

3.2 85.1 24.1 85108.4 25.9 91657.8

3.4 90.4 22.2 78658.4 24.0 84711.4

3.6 95.7 20.7 73025.5 22.2 78645.0

3.8 101.1 19.3 68068.9 20.7 73307.1

4 106.4 18.0 63678.0 19.4 68578.3

4.2 111.7 16.9 59764.5 18.2 64363.6

4.4 117.0 15.9 56257.3 17.1 60586.5

4.6 122.3 15.0 53098.5 16.2 57184.6

4.8 127.7 14.2 50240.5 15.3 54106.7

5 133.0 13.5 47643.8 14.5 51310.2

5.2 138.3 12.8 45275.5 13.8 48759.6

5.4 143.6 12.2 43107.8 13.1 46425.1

5.6 148.9 11.6 41117.2 12.5 44281.3

5.8 154.3 11.1 39283.6 12.0 42306.6

6 159.6 10.6 37589.9 11.5 40482.5

9-64



Rev.1013

COLUMN

SQUARE TUBE

152.4 mm x 152.4 mm x 9.525 mm


b/t = 16.0 r = 57.9 mm A = 5264.5 mm2

X

Y

X

Y

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 3.5 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3 SHORT

0.4 6.9 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3

0.6 10.4 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3

0.8 13.8 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3

1 17.3 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3

1.2 20.7 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3

1.4 24.2 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3

1.6 27.6 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3

1.8 31.1 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3

2 34.5 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3

2.2 38.0 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3

2.4 41.5 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3

2.6 44.9 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3

2.8 48.4 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3

3 51.8 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3

3.2 55.3 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3

3.4 58.7 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3

3.6 62.2 35.4 186323.2 38.1 200661.3


3.8 65.6 33.7 177662.4 36.3 191334.1 LONG

4 69.1 31.6 166202.0 34.0 178991.8

4.2 72.5 29.6 155987.7 31.9 167991.4

4.4 76.0 27.9 146833.7 30.0 158133.0

4.6 79.4 26.3 138589.1 28.4 149254.0

4.8 82.9 24.9 131129.6 26.8 141220.4

5 86.4 23.6 124352.2 25.4 133921.4

5.2 89.8 22.4 118170.7 24.2 127264.3

5.4 93.3 21.4 112512.9 23.0 121171.1

5.6 96.7 20.4 107317.3 22.0 115575.7

5.8 100.2 19.5 102531.6 21.0 110421.8

6 103.6 18.6 98111.0 20.1 105660.9

9-65



Rev.1013

RECTANGULAR TUBE

177.8 mm x 101.6 mm x 6.35 mm


b/t = 28.0 r = 41.65 mm. A = 3387.1 mm2

COLUMN

EFFECTIVE

COLUMN

LENGTH (M) Kl/ r


E = 17,933 N/mm2 E = 19,313 N/mm2


0.2 4.8 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.8 SHORT0.4 9.6 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.80.6 14.4 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.80.8 19.2 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.81 24.0 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.8

1.2 28.8 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.81.4 33.6 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.81.6 38.4 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.81.8 43.2 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.82 48.0 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.8

2.2 52.8 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.82.4 57.6 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.82.6 62.4 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.82.8 67.2 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.83 72.0 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.8

3.2 76.8 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.83.4 81.6 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.83.6 86.4 22.0 74499.9 23.7 80232.8


3.8 91.2 22.0 74487.6 23.7 80219.6 LONG4 96.0 20.6 69682.6 22.2 75044.9

4.2 100.8 19.3 65400.1 20.8 70432.94.4 105.6 18.2 61562.2 19.6 66299.64.6 110.4 17.2 58105.5 18.5 62576.94.8 115.2 16.2 54978.0 17.5 59208.75 120.0 15.4 52136.5 16.6 56148.5

5.2 124.8 14.6 49544.8 15.8 53357.45.4 129.7 13.9 47172.7 15.0 50802.85.6 134.5 13.3 44994.4 14.3 48456.85.8 139.3 12.7 42987.9 13.7 46295.96 144.1 12.1 41134.5 13.1 44299.9

6.2 148.9 11.6 39417.9 12.5 42451.26.4 153.7 11.2 37824.1 12.0 40734.86.6 158.5 10.7 36340.9 11.6 39137.46.8 163.3 10.3 34957.5 11.1 37647.67 168.1 9.9 33664.7 10.7 36255.3

7.2 172.9 9.6 32454.2 10.3 34951.67.4 177.7 9.2 31318.5 10.0 33728.6

Documents

SECTION 9 - COMPRESSION MEMBERS …...D Outside diameter of round tube (mm) E Modulus of Elasticity (N/mm2) F a Allowable compressive stress in short column mode (N/mm2) F a' Allowable