SECTION 800 BUFFER AREAS, LANDSCAPING, …€¦ · SECTION 800 . BUFFER AREAS, LANDSCAPING, AND TREE COVER REQUIREMENTS . ... 802.44 Interior Parking Lot Landscaping ... LANDSCAPING

Adopted: January 16,2018 Effective: March 17, 2018 800 - i

SECTION 800

BUFFER AREAS, LANDSCAPING, AND TREE COVER REQUIREMENTS

801.00 POLICY 801.01 Intent and Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-1 801.02 Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-1 801.03 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-2 801.04 Landscape Escrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-3 802.00 PLANNING AND DESIGN 802.10 Buffer Areas in General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-4 802.11 Buffer Width Requirement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-5 802.12 Buffer Width and Planting Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-6 802.13 Buffer Areas Against Vacant Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-7 802.20 Tree Canopy Requirements in General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-7 802.21 Tree Canopy Determination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-7 802.30 Tree Preservation Credit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-8 802.31 Site Planning for Tree Preservation Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-9 802.32 Standards for Field Practices for Tree Preservation Areas. . . . . . . . . . . 800-9 802.33 Dead, Dying or Damaged Trees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-11 802.40 Basic Landscaping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-13 802.41 Nonresidential Landscaping in General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-14 802.42 Landscape Strip Along Right-of-way. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-14 802.43 Perimeter Parking Lot Landscaping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-16 802.44 Interior Parking Lot Landscaping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-16 802.45 Storm Water Management (SWM) Facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-19 802.46 Optional Street Tree Planting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-21 802.47 Residential Landscaping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-22 802.48 Buffering Residential Development From Major Roadways. . . . . . . . . 800-22 802.49 Screening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-23 803.00 LANDSCAPING - SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS 803.01 General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-24 803.02 Plan Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-24 803.03 Substitution of Plant Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-24 804.00 LANDSCAPING - SPECIFICATIONS 804.01 Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-26 804.02 Tree Selection and Cover Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-26 804.03 Planting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-27 804.04 Landscape Planting on Fences and Walls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-28

Adopted: January 16,2018 Effective: March 17, 2018 800 - ii

TABLES AND SAMPLE PLANT SCHEDULES Table 8-1 Minimum Buffer Area Required. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-29 Table 8-2 Buffer Area Width and Plant Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-30 Table 8-3 Plant Unit Equivalents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-30 Table 8-4 Required Tree Canopy Cover at Ten Year Maturity. . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-30 Table 8-5 Tree Preservation Credit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-31 Table 8-6 On-Site Residential Planting Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-28 Table 8-7 Residential Buffer for Right-of-ways . . . . . . . . … .. …. . . . . . . . . . 800-29 Table 8-8 Minimum Planting Zone Dimensions for Street Trees. . . . . . . . . . . . 800-29 Schedule A - Buffer Area Planting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-30 Schedule B - Nonresidential Landscaped Strip Along Right-of-Way. . . . . . . . . . 800-31 Schedule C - Parking Lot Interior Planting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-31

Schedule D - Tree Cover Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-32 Schedule E - Parking Lot Perimeter Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-32 Schedule F - Residential Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-33 Schedule G - Buffer Areas for Residential Development Along Major Roadways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-33 Schedule H - Typical Plant List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-34 Schedule I – Storm Water Management Pond Landscaping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800-34 Exhibit 1 – Guide for Calculating Linear Feet of 100 WSE for Wet Ponds……… 800-40

810.00 LANDSCAPING - CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN DETAILS 810.01 Typical Tree Guying Detail 810.02 Slope Planting 810.03 Typical Upright Planting and Staking Detail 810.04 Evergreen Tree 810.05 Deciduous Shrub 810.06 Evergreen Shrub 810.07 Container Shrub 810.08 Street Trees with Curb and Gutter 810.09 Revegetated Standard 810.10 Storm Water Management Facilities 810.11 Woven Wire Fence with Filter Cloth 810.12 Blaze Orange Plastic Mesh 810.13 Three Strand Barbed Wire Fence 810.14 Snow Fence 810.15 10’ Landscape Strip and Utility Easements LANDSCAPING AND PLANT SELECTION GUIDE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PS-1

Adopted: January 16,2018 Effective: March 17, 2018 800 - 1

SECTION 800

BUFFER AREAS, LANDSCAPING AND TREE COVER REQUIREMENTS

801.00 POLICY 801.01 Intent and Purpose: A. The purpose of this section is to enhance the appearance and environment of Prince William County by providing minimum standards for tree cover requirements, buffer areas, basic landscaping, landscaping of public streets, storm water management areas, parking lots, residential lots and screening and by encouraging the conservation of the County's native woodlands. Further, the purpose of this section is to improve the safety of citizens by establishing minimum standards for the treatment of trees impacted by new development. These provisions will contribute to the quality of life of the County. The preservation and planting of trees will aid in stabilizing the environment's ecological balance by contributing to the processes of air purification, oxygen regeneration, ground water recharge, and storm water runoff retardation, while aiding in noise, glare, and heat abatement. Woodland conservation, replanting and reforestation standards are also appropriate and essential to ensure that the County's native woodlands are preserved and replenished, as well as for maintaining and creating wildlife habitats. B. In the furtherance of the general policy above, a development proposal may include a comprehensive landscaping plan. The comprehensive landscaping plan must be submitted with the preliminary or sketch plan and shall reflect the intent of the tree cover provisions of this section. Recognition shall be given to the fact that each site has its own unique character, and the purpose of the comprehensive landscaping plan is to tailor the tree cover provided to the unique character of the site on a case-by-case basis. Accordingly, a comprehensive landscaping plan, which complies with the intent and purpose of this section, shall not be required to show literal compliance with every minimum standard set forth in this section, and when approved by the director of Planning, shall control the development of the site with respect to tree cover only. All other landscaping requirements shall be fulfilled as required under this section. 801.02 Definitions: The following standards and terminology shall apply to the design, submission requirements, installation, and maintenance of all required buffer areas, basic landscaping, screening, street planting, storm water management facility landscaping, and establishment and preservation of woodland conservation areas: A. Buffer Area: A buffer area is a strip of land that preserves existing vegetation and/or contains landscaping, possibly in combination with a man-made barrier (e.g., fence, wall, earthen berm), located along the common property line of two dissimilar abutting land uses or properties, between a storm water management facility and buildings, along the edge of a street in a Highway Corridor Overlay District, or where proffered.


B. Tree Cover Requirements: A requirement referring to the preservation and/or planting of trees within a project to the extent that at maturity of ten years after planting, a minimum tree cover shall be provided. C. Basic Landscaping: The introduction or selective retention of flourishing trees and shrubs carefully selected and arranged to perform a design purpose or environmental function, such as controlling visual direction, providing definition to architecture, modifying climate, filtering air pollution, controlling runoff and erosion, and establishing a wildlife habitat. Basic landscaping includes parking lot landscaping, storm water management landscaping, street planting and residential landscaping and may be counted towards the tree cover requirement. D. Conservation Areas – areas designated for a specific environmental purpose or purposes including but not limited to best management practices, tree preservation, stream protection, buffering, etc., during the development review process and generally intended to remain undisturbed except for re-vegetation or planting of trees as approved by the Department of Public Works. Conservation areas are to be conveyed, with appropriate restrictions as to use, to a fee title owner, a bona fide homeowners association or other entity that would maintain the conservation area in perpetuity. E. Screening: A natural or physical barrier providing a visual separation for loading areas, trash receptacles, maintenance and storage areas and consisting primarily of opaque fences or walls, berms and/or evergreen trees and shrubs. F. Specimen Tree: A tree having a diameter, measured at four and one-half (4.5) feet above the ground, of thirty (30) inches or more, or a tree having a diameter measuring seventy-five percent (75%) or more of the diameter of the current state champion of that species; includes county and state champion trees. G. Street Planting: Planting used in a specific relationship to the street which defines the street space with overhead canopy and with a vertical element, i.e., the trunk. Street planting generally provides a street with an aesthetic appearance, connecting disparate elements along its course. H. Tree Preservation Area: A defined area intended for the purpose of preserving an individual tree or a biotic community dominated by tree species and/or other woody plants. I. Comprehensive Landscaping Plan: An overall landscaping plan for a large or multi-phased site which shows how the tree cover requirement will be met by the phases or sections covered by the preliminary and/or sketch plan as a whole, rather than phase by phase or section by section; and which evidences compliance with the purpose and intent of this section. The proposed plan will show the locations and dimensions, where appropriate, of all tree save areas, buffers, screening, tree coverage, and landscaped areas on the site. 801.03 Applicability: A. Buffer areas, basic landscaping, tree cover requirements, and screening shall be provided for all development plans, where required by the Zoning Ordinance, and in accordance with Section 802.00.


B. On sites for which a comprehensive landscaping plan is submitted and approved, the comprehensive landscaping plan shall govern development of the site with respect to tree cover and tree preservation. Where no comprehensive landscaping plan is submitted and approved, the standards contained in this section shall serve as minimum standards for development. However, the standards are not intended to be arbitrary or to inhibit creative solutions. Project or site conditions may arise where normal compliance is impractical or impossible, or where maximum achievement of the objectives can only be obtained through alternative compliance. C. Requests for alternative compliance may be made for a buffer or landscaping standard specified in Section 800 and shall be reviewed when one or more of the following conditions are present: 1. Topography, soil, vegetation, or other site conditions are such that full compliance is

impossible or impractical, or improved environmental quality would result from the alternative compliance.

2. Space limitations, unusually shaped lots, and prevailing practices in the surrounding

neighborhood may justify alternative compliance for in-fill sites, and for improvements and redevelopment in older communities.

3. Change of use on an existing site increases the buffer area required by Section 802.00 of

this manual more than it is feasible to provide. 4. Safety conditions make alternative compliance necessary.

D. Requests for alternative compliance shall be submitted to the Office of Planning as part of the site plan submission requirements and shall be accompanied by sufficient explanation and justification, written and/or graphic, to allow appropriate evaluation and decision. The alternative method of compliance must be comparable to the minimum standards in terms of quality, effectiveness, and durability, and shall be limited to the specific project under review. The director of Planning shall evaluate the alternatives and accept them or modify them. E. When a site is developed in phases or sections, each phase or section shall contain the required basic landscaping, buffer areas, and tree cover requirement. However, a comprehensive landscaping plan for meeting tree cover requirements may be submitted for the overall project. In such case, tree cover shall be in accordance with the comprehensive landscaping plan, which was submitted and approved as part of the approved preliminary or sketch plan for the entire site. A cumulative tabulation of tree cover from all previously submitted phases or sections covered by the comprehensive landscape plan shall be included with each site plan submitted, which shows details of how the overall canopy coverage is being met. 801.04 Landscape Escrow: A. An escrow in the form of cash, letter of credit or bond, posted in accordance with the administrative manual shall be posted for all required planting shown on the approved landscape


plan. This escrow shall also be used to correct violations for failure to comply with any requirements of this section or with the approved plan. Refer to Section 802.33 of this manual. B. Final inspection of all items covered by the landscape escrow shall take place at the time of bond release inspection. If all items are accepted, then the escrow will be released with the bond. However, any requirements covered by the landscape escrow that are not in conformance with the approved plan shall be corrected prior to release of the escrow. 802.00 PLANNING AND DESIGN 802.10 Buffer Areas in General: A Certain uses, when abutting each other, are incompatible and create conflict that may be reduced or eliminated by appropriate measures. Buffer areas established between incompatible uses minimizes these conflicts and the adverse impacts of essentially incompatible development. These provisions are intended to provide a mechanism whereby adjoining properties may be shielded from the adverse consequences of such development, where buffers separate and partially obstruct the view of incompatible abutting land uses or properties from one another. Buffers may also be required when properties abut a Highway Corridor Overlay District, with rezonings or special use permits, and, where certain zoning designations require perimeter buffers. B. The primary means of buffering should be through the preservation of healthy native woodlands. If preserved native woodlands sufficient to meet the intent of the buffer are not provided, then buffering shall be provided through supplemental landscaping. C. Except where otherwise permitted in the Zoning Ordinance or by proffers, buildings, structures, retaining walls three (3) feet or greater in height (except where utilized to retain existing vegetative cover), active recreation facilities, parking areas, loading areas, and golf cart paths shall not be located in the buffer areas between dissimilar uses. Sidewalk, trail, and golf cart path crossings may be allowed within a buffer upon approval of the director of Public Works, as long as comparable performance standards are maintained. D. The minimum buffer area width is generally a uniform width across the entire length of the common property line between properties on which uses are located that require a buffer area. E. Buffer areas shall be established as separate common open space in residential areas when conveyed to a homeowners’ association or similar entity created to own and maintain the common open space within the project. Buffer areas platted within residential lots by deed restriction shall be located such as to provide the minimum yard depth and minimum lot size required by the Zoning Ordinance outside of the buffer area. If a homeowners’ association is formed, it is required that buffers are established as separate common open space. F. Minimal utility crossings may be included within a buffer area upon approval of the director of Public Works, as long as comparable performance standards are maintained. Landscaping with shrubs, ornamental grasses and perennials may be permitted in utility easements. However,


planting of trees in utility easements is not allowed, unless specifically approved by the agency controlling the easement. G. Any expansion of a nonconforming use shall not be permitted within buffer areas, except as specifically allowed by the Zoning Ordinance. H. Buffer areas can be penetrated by joint entrances connecting abutting land uses, providing the disturbed area is kept to a minimum. I. For non-residential lots of three acres or less, up to a 25% reduction of a buffer width shall be allowed for landscaped runoff reduction BMP facilities (bioretention, etc) and for utility easements proposed parallel to one edge of the buffer. The maximum buffer reduction shall be 25% and shall be as provided in Part 250 of the Zoning Ordinance. 802.11 Buffer Width Requirement: A. The buffer area requirements are based on the compatibility between the proposed use and that of the adjoining property. Table 8-1 identifies the minimum buffer area required to be provided by a developing property, based on the compatibility of the proposed use with the existing use of the adjoining property. Any buffer width specified within this part may be waived or modified through a request for a waiver or modification. Requests for modifications or waivers of buffer widths are subject to the review and approval of the director of Planning, with the consultation of the Public Works director, as appropriate. Paragraph ‘D’ of this section is not subject to modification. B. The following buffers required by the Zoning Ordinance shall be planted as defined in this section. Plant units are as defined in Table 8-3.

1. Railroad Right-of-way. As specified in the County Code Sec. 32-250.31(8), the 100-foot wide buffer for residential uses that abut a railroad right-of-way shall be planted with 600 plant units per each 100 linear feet and in accordance with the provisions of this section. 2. Existing cemeteries within a developing property shall have a 25-foot wide perimeter buffer that shall be planted with Eighty (80) plant units per 100 linear feet. Where a cemetery abuts a property line the greater of either the buffer required in Table 8-1 or a 25-foot wide buffer shall be provided. The provisions of DCSM 802.12A.1-A.5, C and D shall not apply to cemetery buffers. 3. Rural Cluster. Where the one hundred (100) foot wide buffer contains existing healthy trees, shrubs or other vegetation adequate to provide the equivalent of a one hundred (100) foot wide rural buffer, the existing vegetation shall be retained. Where such vegetation is not existing, native landscaping in accordance with Tables I-2 shall be provided adequate to screen the development from the external street. Landscaping shall be appropriate to a rural location and may include vegetation types such as old field successional trees and shrubs, flowering meadows and meadow grasses. The provisions of DCSM 802.12C and D shall not apply to rural cluster buffers.


4. The 50’ wide buffer between a golf course and any adjoining property zoned, used as, or planned for residential or agricultural uses shall be planted as a Type C buffer in accordance with Table 8-2. However, plant units may be reduced by up to 50% if approved by the director of Public Works and providing that tree species compose the entire remaining plant unit requirement.

C. The buffer width may vary, through an administrative approval process at the time of site plan, by up to twenty percent (20%) from the minimum width required at any point along a property line, as long as the buffer area provided remains equal to the minimum buffer area required along the same property line. The reduction in width shall be allowed only if the adjoining property has provided the full width of the buffer area applicable to it. D. The required buffer area for a developing property may be provided on the abutting property, if agreed to by the respective owners and the director of Planning. (This does not release the abutting property from any obligation to meet buffering requirements, should it become a developing property). An agreement among the respective owners and the director of Planning, allocating the present and future buffer areas between the new properties shall be executed and recorded among the land records. E. The buffer width required in accordance with Table 8-1 may be reduced for one or more land bays of a planned mixed use development if the following conditions are met: 1. The land bays were part of one single preliminary plan and the final plans are diligently pursued for the individual projects; 2. The reduction will occur on only one side of the common property line; and 3. The maximum reduction allowable is from one buffer category to the next lower one (e.g., from type C to type B or from type B to type A). 802.12 Buffer Planting Requirements: Where native woodland conservation is not provided to achieve the intent of a required buffer, landscaping shall be provided. The buffer area planting requirements are determined from Table 8-2. A. To achieve the intent of buffers, the following apply (Note: buffers adjacent to roadways do not need to meet requirement (4), below): 1. A combination of large trees, medium, small and/or compact trees, and shrubs shall be

used to achieve the desired buffering effect. The categories of large/medium/small/compact trees are defined in Table I-2-T of the Plant Selection Guide.

2. A maximum of thirty percent (30%) of the plant units may be large deciduous trees. A

maximum of thirty percent (30%) of the plant units may be large evergreen trees. If large deciduous and large evergreen trees are used in combination, then a maximum of 40 plant units per 100 linear feet of large deciduous and large evergreen trees combined may be used.


3. The use of ornamental grasses, perennials and mulched beds is encouraged. See Table 8-3 for plant unit credits. However, when used, ornamental grasses and perennials (combined) shall not compose more than 25% of the total plant units required.

4. The limits on plant percentages of plant types listed in paragraphs 2 and 3, above, shall be

applied along each property line where the buffer is required. 5. All species used shall be indigenous to Virginia, unless otherwise approved by the director

of Public Works (see Tables I-2 in the Plant Selection Guide). 6. Requirements for the spacing of the various categories of trees are given in Table I-4. B. The proposed combination of plants must yield a total number of plant units equal to or greater than the requirement for the buffer area type. Plant unit equivalencies are in accordance with Table 8-3. C. Where the buffer width will allow, a berm may be substituted for thirty percent (30%) of the plant unit requirement. The berm should be graded to appear smooth, rounded and naturalistic. The berm shall be a minimum of four (4) feet higher than the elevation of the adjacent ground. Its slope shall not exceed three-to-one (3:1), except in unusual situations where a two-to-one (2:1) slope would be allowed with special ground cover. In such instance where the reduction in plant units applies, at least fifty percent (50%) of the plant unit requirement shall be evergreen trees and shrubs. D. A six (6) foot tall opaque fence (board-on-board, masonry, or similar material) or wall may be substituted for thirty percent (30%) of the plant unit requirement. For non-residential lots of three acres or less, a 6-foot-tall board on board, solid masonry fence/wall, or equivalent barrier may be substituted for 50% of the plant unit required by the Design and Construction Standards Manual. E. When existing woodland is located within the entire minimum buffer area, preservation of the woodland shall be allowed to substitute for the required plant material, provided that: 1. The woodland meets the minimum size requirement of Table 8-5, and 2. The visual screen provided by the woodland meets the intent of this code. 802.13 Buffer Areas Against Vacant Properties: A. If a developing property with a nonresidential use is adjoining a vacant property zoned or planned residential, the full buffer width, as identified in Table 8-1, shall be provided. If the vacant property is zoned and planned nonresidential and a buffer would be required, the buffer may be reduced to the next lower category. However, at a minimum, Buffer A shall be provided. B. If a developing property with a residential use is adjacent to a vacant property zoned or planned residential with a different density than the developing lot, and a buffer would be


required, the buffer may be reduced to the next lower category. However, at a minimum, Buffer A shall be provided. C. For the purpose of applying the reduction in buffer width identified above, a vacant property is one which is not occupied, nor is the subject of any development activities planned at the time the buffer reduction is applied. 802.20 Tree Canopy Requirements in General: Preservation or replanting of trees in a development is required to provide a minimum amount of tree cover which will yield a permanent environmental and aesthetic benefit to the development. Such cover is calculated at ten (10) year maturity of the trees. Compliance with the requirement should be achieved primarily by preserving existing woodland areas. 802.21 Tree Canopy Determination: A. All developments shall be subject to the tree canopy requirements identified in Table 8-4, unless specifically exempted by the director of Public Works, if the requirement would result in unreasonable and unnecessary hardship. Tree cover requirements are based on the density and intensity of a development and not on use. B. The tree canopy requirement identified in Table 8-4 can be reduced by twenty-five percent (25%) for a development which was previously devoid of trees an d which was utilized for agricultural/horticulture or forestry purposes, prior to the submission of an application to rezoning or submission of a site/subdivision plan. C. The tree cover requirement can be met by providing tree preservation areas, basic landscaping in the form of residential lot planting, parking lot landscaping, street planting, storm water management landscaping, planting within required buffer and setback areas, replacement planting for over-clearing, and/or reforestation. See Table I-2 in the appendix for tree cover credits for landscaping. D. All landscaping applied toward meeting the tree cover requirement must meet the minimum size requirements of Section 804.01G. Existing trees applied toward meeting this requirement shall be a minimum of five (5) feet in height. E. Reforestation within Chesapeake Bay Resource Protection Areas: Where a reforestation plan, for areas within RPAs which are devoid of trees prior to preliminary or sketch plan approval, is approved by the County as part of the site plan, 100% of the total area reforested may be deducted from the total site area for the tree canopy requirement. The reforestation plan shall meet the following minimum requirements:

1. Planting density shall be a minimum of 450 trees per acre. 2. The minimum size of seedlings shall be 12” - 18” in height. 3. All species shall be indigenous to Virginia.


4. A combination of understory and overstory species shall be used. The number of trees from either category shall not exceed 70% of the total number of trees planted. 5. Protective tree shelters a minimum of 4’ in height and weed mats or mulch shall be used for all trees. Installation shall be per manufacturers instructions. 6. The cost of the reforestation shall be included in the Landscape Escrow for the development. 7. Planting shall occur either in the spring, between March 15 and May 1, or in the fall, between October 1 and November 15. 8. If mortality of all understory or overstory trees exceeds 25% then all dead trees in that category shall be replaced prior to landscape escrow release.

802.30 Tree Preservation Credit: A. The preservation of trees is preferred over the replacement of trees. Accordingly, where voluntary preservation of woodland is proposed, credit towards the canopy cover shall be provided in accordance with Table 8-5. Each tree preservation area may receive credit from only one category in Table 8-5. To receive credit tree preservation must meet these minimum requirements: 1. An acceptable cover of trees. 2. A minimum acceptable area to be left undisturbed as defined in Table 8-5. B. To receive credit for “Wooded slopes equal to or greater than fifteen percent (15%) adjacent to intermittent streams” (See Table 8-5) the following minimum conditions must be met:

1. The area shall not be within an RPA or 100-year floodplain. 2. The minimum width of forested area preserved must be 50’, the minimum length must be 200’ or the entirety of the stream length on the subject property, whichever is lesser.

C. To receive credit for “Connecting Forested Areas” (See Table 8-5) the following minimum conditions must be met:

1. The area must be outside of any RPA or 100-year floodplain. 2. The minimum length connecting to an adjacent forested area must be 200’ and the minimum width 50’. All of the 200’ length must abut the adjacent forested area. 3. The adjacent forested area may be RPA, 100-year floodplain, or on a neighboring property. If it abuts a neighboring property, the developer/builder must be able to demonstrate that the neighboring forest will be preserved in the long-term.


4. A permanent conservation area must be established for the entire area to receive credit. 5. The area must be entirely within common area if part of a residential development.

The credit factor allowed for Connecting Forested Areas will be determined by the director of the Department of Public Works, but will be within the range listed in Table 8-5. The developer/builder is encouraged to meet with the Department of Public Works to discuss the viability of the proposal and level of credit to be granted. The credit factor will be based on the degree to which the proposed preserved area connects to other forested areas, protects sensitive environmental resources, and provides a high quality forest.

D. When a tree preservation area for which credit was applied has been disturbed during construction, it shall be replaced by either (1) an equivalent undisturbed tree preservation area on-site, or (2) twice the amount of plantings, which would have been required to satisfy tree canopy requirements if this area was not originally identified as preservation area. 802.31 Site Planning for Tree Preservation Areas: Tree preservation areas are for the purpose of retaining undisturbed native forest communities and the benefits associated with them. For this reason, even the retention of dead and dying plant material within a tree preservation area is considered desirable, primarily for the wildlife habitat such trees supply. However, this section shall not be construed to prohibit a developer or builder from removing any dead, dying or damaged tree that poses a threat to either life or structures, as determined by the director of Public Works. A. The following guidelines are to be considered when tree preservation is proposed in a development area:

1. Preservation of the overall composition of the forest stand. Retaining the dominant trees and understory is necessary for the health of the stand. 2. Overall good health, generally free of insects and disease and of structurally sound condition. 3. Giving preference to groves of young vigorously growing trees, which adapt more readily to changing site conditions.

B. Buildings shall be located a minimum distance of twelve (12) feet from the limits of disturbance line of the tree preservation area, unless otherwise approved by the director of Public Works.

802.32 Standards for Field Practices for Tree Preservation Areas: A. Marking the Limits of Clearing and Grading:


1. Prior to the start of construction, the limits of clearing shall be visibly marked with either tree protection fencing or surveyor’s tape placed on stakes. Markings for the limits of clearing and grading shall not be placed on trees to be saved. The limits of clearing and grading shall not exceed that shown on the approved plans. 2. When the aforementioned marking has been completed, a meeting shall be requested with the director of Public Works to inspect the marked limits of clearing. All clearing limits shall be inspected and approved, prior to any clearing taking place. 3. The permittee has the option to retain additional vegetation over and above that which is required by the approved plan. However, it is recommended that additional vegetated areas on the site that are to be preserved should be protected from encroachment by construction activity. If a natural area or individual tree not shown on the plans to be preserved is retained on site and is intended to be preserved throughout the duration of construction activity, then the permittee should protect these trees the same as designated preservation areas. 4. When areas shown on the approved plans to be preserved do not contain any significant vegetation, it shall be the responsibility of the permittee to obtain approval from the director of Public Works for an exemption from preservation and protection requirements prior to commencing work in the area. 5. If at any time, subsequent to the initial clearing, it becomes necessary to remove additional trees which were shown on the plan to be preserved, the director of Public Works shall be notified and must grant approval prior to performing any additional clearing.

B. Tree Protection Requirements:

1. The permittee shall be responsible for the protection of tops, trunks and roots of all existing trees, as well as other vegetation to be retained on the site. After vegetation has been removed within the area authorized to be cleared, protective devices shall be installed along the limits of clearing and grading, prior to any construction work beginning on site. Protection shall be maintained until all work in the vicinity has been completed and shall not be removed without the consent of the director of Public Works. If the director of Public Works finds that the protective devices are insufficient to protect the vegetation retained on the site, additional protective devices shall be installed to insure adequate protection. 2. Once clearing is completed and protective devices installed, an inspection shall be requested to approve these items prior to commencing further construction.

3. Barricades, in accordance with the details in Section 810 of this manual, with appropriate signs to identify tree preservation areas shall be located along the limits of clearing line. The limits of clearing and grading line should generally be located at the drip line of the trees to be retained or spaced from the edge of the trunks equivalent to one foot for every inch in the diameter of the trees at breast height (DBH), whichever is greater. The following standards shall apply to the area within the established limits of clearing and grading line.

a. The soil shall not be disturbed or compacted.


b. Heavy equipment, vehicular traffic, stockpiling or any materials, or deposition of sediment, shall not be permitted. c. Trees being removed shall not be felled, pushed or pulled into trees being retained. Equipment operators shall not clean any part of their equipment by slamming it against the trunks of trees to be retained.

d. No toxic materials shall be stored within fifty (50) feet of the limits of clearing and grading. e. Burn pits shall not be permitted within one hundred (100) feet of vegetated area retained, unless approved by the director of Public Works. They shall be limited in size so as to not to adversely affect the vegetation. f. No protective devices, signs, utility boxes, or other objects shall be nailed to the trees to be retained on the site.

g. Additional trees may be left standing as protection between the trunks of the trees to be retained and the limits of grading. If the trunks of trees in this preservation area are more than six (6) feet apart, additional protection devices may be required to prevent passage of equipment and material through the area. When additional trees are used as protection, the limits of clearing shown on the approved plan shall be flagged in the field so that the additional preservation area is delineated. When this method of protection is used, these additional trees shall be removed prior to completion of the project if required by the director of Public Works. h. Sediment-laden runoff shall be diverted away from the preservation area. When the edge of a parking lot abuts a tree preservation area, curb and gutter rolled asphalt or similar type of guttering material shall be used to divert concentrated runoff away from the tree preservation area.

802.33 Dead, Dying or Damaged Trees: A. Dead and Dying Trees and Replacements: If any trees shown on the approved plan to be saved are dead or dying, due to acts of negligence by the permittee, they shall be removed and replaced.

1. Over-cleared areas within Chesapeake Bay Resource Protection Areas and areas proffered to remain undisturbed shall be replanted in their entirety. 2. The number of replacement trees shall be based on guidelines specified by the director of Public Works. 3. The size of replacement trees shall be as specified by the director of Public Works or as set forth in 804.01G.


4. Replacement trees shall be planted as nearly as possible to the location of the trees which were removed, unless other arrangements are agreed to by the owner or the permittee and the director of Public Works.

B. Hazardous Trees:

1. In the event any tree or portion thereof is dead, dying, or damaged, due to construction or environmental changes brought about by construction and/or clearing, and poses a hazard to either life or structures, the permittee shall be required to take such action as required by the director of Public Works to eliminate the hazard carefully. 2. Trees that are required to be removed by the permittee shall be cut down flush with the ground (as low as conditions permit), and cut into movable lengths to prevent the creation of a new hazard. If site conditions interfere with the permittee's ability to do this, then an inspection by County staff will be necessary to determine if the remaining stump can be left or must be removed by other means. 3. If a stump created by the removal of a hazardous tree is determined by the director of Public Works to pose a hazard in itself, i.e., jagged stumps, stumps of hollow trees, then the stump shall be removed by acceptable means, in conjunction with the removal of the tree.

C. Pruning:

1. In the event any tree or portion thereof is damaged, due to construction or environmental changes brought about by construction and/or clearing and is determined by the director of Public Works to be in a state of decline, the permittee may be required by the director of Public Works to perform remedial action to correct the damage. 2. All pruning of branches shall be done in accordance with ANSI A300, Tree, Shrub and Other Woody Plant Maintenance - Standard Practices, published by the American National Standards Institute and by Tree Pruning Guidelines, published by the National Arborist Association. Trees which are further damaged by pruning practices not recognized in the standards above may be rejected, and the trees may be required to be removed and replaced. 3. When pruning above ground level, a climbing method other than one requiring tree spikes shall be used, unless otherwise approved by the director of Public Works. 4. Any damage caused by the permittee to the crown, trunk or root system of trees retained on the site shall be repaired immediately. 5. Remedial treatment required may include pruning, cabling, bracing, fertilization, aeration, and/or vertical mulching.

D. It shall be the responsibility of the permittee to obtain written permission from the property owner or his/her agent to enter upon such property for the purpose of complying with the paragraphs above, prior to commencing action. In the event such permission is denied and such


denial is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the director of Public Works, the permittee will be relieved of the obligations under the paragraphs above. E. When trees must be taken down, removed, or pruned as a result of the paragraphs above, the wood from these operations shall remain the property of the property owner. 802.40 Basic Landscaping: 802.41 Nonresidential Landscaping in General: The purpose of landscaping nonresidential developments is to soften the visual impact of large expanses of paving from the right-of-way and from adjacent properties, to provide shaded areas, to control runoff and to assist in meeting clean air goals. This shall be accomplished by parking lot landscaping and providing a landscape strip along the right-of-way, in addition to landscaping around storm water management facilities and along internal streets, where applicable. 802.42 Landscape Strip Along Right-of-way: A. For non-residential developments adjacent to a right-of-way, other than “freestanding retail uses” with buildings equal to or exceeding eighty-thousand (80,000) square feet, items 1 through 5 are required:. Whenever the parking lot of a development meeting the standards of 802.43 abuts a right-of-way this Section shall govern. 1. A minimum ten (10) foot wide landscape strip along the right-of-way shall be provided.

2. Eighty (80) plant units per 100 linear feet are required within this landscape strip. The plant unit credits shall be in accordance with Table 8-3. A maximum of thirty (30) plant units per 100 linear feet may be large deciduous trees. A maximum of forty (40) plant units per 100 linear feet may be large evergreen trees. If large deciduous and large evergreen trees are used in combination, then a maximum of 40 plant units per 100 linear feet of large deciduous and large evergreen trees combined may be used. A maximum of 25% of the plant units required may be ornamental grasses and/or perennials. Given these limits on quantities of certain plant types, a mixture of plant types should be utilized.

3. Utilities and the Landscape Strip: The 10’ landscape strip shall be provided outside of all existing and proposed utility easements, except for crossings (meaning perpendicular crossings), unless scenario a. or b., below is fully met. See Detail 810.15 for a graphic depiction of the scenarios described in this paragraph. For storm sewer easements, paragraph c. must be met. a. Utilities in Conduit: Proposed or existing utility easements shall not be located in the ten (10) foot wide landscape strips, except as perpendicular crossings, unless the utility is located underground in conduit such that normal maintenance of the utility can be accomplished at limited access points. In such situations, planting in the easement must be specifically approved in writing by the entity controlling such easement and approval is must be obtained from the director of Public Works or designee.


b. Utilities Not Required to be in Conduit: Proposed or existing utility easements shall not be located in the ten (10) foot wide landscape strips. However, if the landscape strip is widened to a total of fifteen (15) feet in width, then the utility easement may overlap up to nine (9) feet of the 15’ landscape strip. A minimum of six (6) feet of the 15’ width must be outside of all utility easements and the entire width of the 15’ foot strip must be planted. In such situations, planting in the easement must be specifically approved in writing by the entity controlling such easement and approval must be obtained from the director of Public Works or designee. Large deciduous trees shall not be used where they would interfere with overhead utilities. The number of plant units shall be as for a ten (10) foot wide landscape strip.

c. Storm sewer easements: Storm sewers where the top of the pipe is equal to or less

than 3’ from the proposed grade shall not be located within the landscape strip except as perpendicular crossings. When the pipe is more than 3’ from the proposed grade, the easement may be located within the landscape strip if the following conditions are met:

i. Any length of storm pipe where the top of the pipe is greater than 5’ from the

proposed grade may have a tree located within the easement without a root barrier installed.

ii. Any length of pipe where the top of the pipe is greater than 3’ but less than 5’ from the proposed grade may have trees planted within the easement provided a root barrier is laid around the storm pipe.

iii. A typical detail depicting the root barrier shall be provided in the site plan, subject to the approval of the Director of Public Works, or designee. The root barrier shall encircle the pipe so as to prevent the tree’s root system from contacting the storm pipe.

iv. The locations necessitating use of a root barrier shall be depicted on the site grading and landscape plans. The length of root barrier required shall run along the pipe a minimum of 30’ from the tree trunk, or until there are site features that would preclude the presence of tree roots due to soil conditions (such as high compaction for curbing or road construction).

4. LID in the Landscape Strip: Low Impact Development (LID) features designed to control storm water runoff, that meet the Zoning Ordinance requirements with regard to structures and that employ landscaping in accordance with this section, may be allowed within the ten (10) foot wide landscape strip subject to the approval of the Director of Public Works or designee. 5. A wall cannot be used as an acceptable alternative for landscape strips along the right-of-way.

B. For all “freestanding retail uses” with buildings equal to or exceeding eighty-thousand (80,000) square feet, the following is required:

1. A minimum twenty-five (25) foot wide landscape strip along all existing and proposed rights-of-way.


2. One hundred fifty (150) plant units per 100 linear feet of landscape strip. A maximum of thirty (30) plant units per 100 linear feet may be large deciduous trees. A maximum of forty (40) plant units per 100 linear feet may be large evergreen trees. A maximum of 25% of the required plant units may be ornamental grasses and perennials. 3. This landscape strip shall be provided outside of any utility easements or existing or proposed public right-of-way but may contain pedestrian and utility crossings 4. Plant units shall be in accordance with Table 8-3.

802.43 Perimeter Parking Lot Landscaping: A. For parking lots of nonresidential developments, which contain twenty (20) spaces or more, and for all townhouse and multi-family developments, any of which abut a property line, and which do not abut buffer areas or other required screening/landscaping, a ten (10) foot landscape strip along the perimeter of the property line shall be required. For the purposes of this section, a parking lot is considered abutting a property line where any part of it is within thirty (30) feet of the property line. B. Eighty (80) plant units per 100 linear feet are required within this landscape strip. A maximum of thirty (30) plant units per 100 linear feet may be large deciduous trees. The plant unit credits shall be in accordance with Table 8-3. A maximum of forty (40) plant units per 100 linear feet may be large evergreen trees. If large deciduous and large evergreen trees are used in combination, then a maximum of 40 plant units per 100 linear feet of large deciduous and large evergreen trees combined may be used. A maximum of 25% of the plant units required may be ornamental grasses and/or perennials. Given these limits on quantities of certain plant types, a mixture of plant types should be utilized. C. Utility easements shall not be located in the landscape strips, unless planting in the easement is specifically approved by the entity controlling such easement. D. Low Impact Development (LID) features designed to control and infiltrate storm water runoff and that employ landscaping in accordance with this section, are encouraged within landscape strips and planting areas described in this section, subject to the approval of the Director of Public Works or designee. 802.44 Interior Parking Lot Landscaping: A. Any surface parking lot containing twenty (20) or more spaces (except for shopping centers and shopping malls) shall be provided with interior landscaping area covering not less than five percent (5%) of the total area of the parking lot. The total area of a parking lot shall include the parking spaces, planting islands, curbed areas, loading spaces, interior driveways, travelways, and aisles, exclusive of the parking and loading areas for tractor trailer trucks. For shopping centers and shopping malls, see paragraph L, below.


B. Only islands containing large or medium deciduous trees or evergreen trees shall count toward meeting the five percent (5%) requirement. Islands four hundred (400) square feet in area or smaller may not contain evergreen trees, in order to avoid line of sight problems. For the purpose of this section, an island is defined as an area within the perimeter curbing or edge of pavement of the total area of the parking lot (as defined in A above) or an area contiguous to the perimeter curbing or edge of pavement, which protrudes into the parking lot (e.g., corners of parking lots). C. At least one (1) large or medium deciduous tree or evergreen tree shall be provided for each two hundred (200) square feet of interior landscape area required. These large and medium deciduous trees at planting shall have a clear trunk at least six (6) feet above finish grade. D. The predominant landscaping materials used to meet the interior parking lot landscaping requirement shall be large and/or medium deciduous trees suitable for a parking lot environment and having a spreading canopy as their typical form. The intent is that deciduous trees capable of providing shade shall be the predominant element of interior parking lot landscaping. Evergreen trees are allowed, due to their desirability as wind and visual breaks, in large parking lots. However, evergreen trees may not be the sole type of tree within any island that contributes to the five percent (5%) requirement. Shrubs and ornamentals may be used to complement the large and medium deciduous trees, but shall not count toward meeting the five percent (5%) requirement. Refer to the plant selection guide, for aid in species selection. Designs which make effective use of shrubs and ornamentals and seek credit toward the five percent (5%) requirement are encouraged to be submitted through the use of alternative compliance. E. The landscape areas shall be reasonably dispersed throughout the parking lot so as to give maximum shading effect over paved surfaces, while minimizing impacts on sight lines and ease of access. However, landscaped areas may be grouped in wide islands at selected locations, if appropriate. F. Plant material at entrances shall be located so as to maintain safe sight distances in accordance with County and VDOT standards. G. Trees in or at the edge of parking lots should be species that branch no lower than eight (8) feet from the ground at maturity, to allow cars and trucks to circulate beneath the canopy without causing damage. H. Good visibility in the parking lot is important both for security and traffic safety reasons. Plants which restrict visibility, such as tall shrubs and low branching trees, must be avoided. I. The interior width, soil volume and soil quality of any planting area shall be sufficient to protect the plants and allow for mature growth of the species. Accordingly, the following minimum standards and guidelines are established:

1. A minimum planting area of one hundred fifty (150) square feet of continuous pervious area shall be provided for each tree. No tree planting area shall be less than eight (8) feet wide in any direction with the exception that, if parking spaces are located on only one (1)


side of a planting island perpendicular to the parking spaces, then the island may be reduced to a minimum of six (6) feet wide. 2. A curb or similar devices, such as wheel stops or railroad ties, should be installed around the perimeter of all planting areas to prevent contact with the plant material. If a curb or other device is not used, then the soil within the island shall be mounded to a minimum of twelve (12) inches above grade. 3. All planting areas, including parking lot islands, shall contain soils suitable for planting. Soils shall be clean and free of all construction materials. The top three (3) feet of soil shall be loose. If previously compacted, it shall be loosened by tilling or other measure to a depth of three (3) feet. The top six (6) inches of soil shall be clean topsoil, or other clean soils amended with organic material. This requirement shall be met prior to the installation of landscaping.

J. Utility easements shall not be located within the planted portion of parking lot islands, unless planting in the easement is specifically approved by the agency controlling such easement. K. For freestanding retail uses of eighty thousand (80,000) square feet or greater the requirements of 802.44 above shall apply with the following changes:

1. A minimum of ten (10) percent of the total area of the parking lot shall contain landscape areas. Landscape areas may include: plantable areas up to 6’ from the perimeter curbing of the parking lot, corner islands, and interior islands. 2. No individual landscape area shall be less than six hundred (600) square feet in size. The minimum dimension shall be twelve (12) feet or greater. 3. All landscaped areas shall be irrigated.

L. For all shopping centers and shopping malls (as defined in the Zoning Ordinance), exclusive of any freestanding retail use of eighty thousand (80,000) square feet or greater, interior planting areas and landscaping shall be provided in addition to and outside of any planting areas and landscaping required by the Zoning Ordinance or Design and Construction Standards Manual for buffers, landscape strips along rights-of-way, perimeter parking lot landscaping and storm water management facilities (per Section 802.45) as follows:

1. Planting areas equal to or greater than 17% of the total site impervious area for the shopping center shall be provided. These planting areas may be contiguous to perimeter planting areas listed in Paragraph L, however the emphasis shall be on planting areas reasonably dispersed throughout the interior of the site with, as described in Paragraph B, for the purpose of shading the parking lot. Area within any Chesapeake Bay Resource Protection Area or within a 100 year floodplain shall not be credited toward meeting the 17%. 2. All areas credited toward the 17% shall be landscaped with ornamental grasses, perennials, shrubs and/or trees. Landscaping shall be provided at a rate of 50 plant units per


1000sf of the planting area determined under L.1, above. Plant unit credits shall be in accordance with Table 8-3. A minimum of 40% of the plant units required shall be large or medium deciduous trees.

3. The minimum width (i.e., the narrowest dimension) and surface area of all planting areas shall be in accordance with Table I-5.

4. Schedule J, Shopping Center & Shopping Mall Interior Planting, shall be provided.

5. Any building within a shopping center that has a building footprint less than fifteen thousand (15,000) square feet shall provide a minimum of one (1) plant unit for each three (3) linear feet of building foundation perimeter. Planting shall be provided interior to the site and within eighty (80) feet of the building foundation, although not necessarily contiguous to the foundation. These planting areas may be credited toward the 17% requirement of paragraph L.1. The remaining planting areas required to meet the 17% shall be reasonably dispersed throughout the interior of the site. Schedule K shall be provided.

6. Areas credited toward these requirements shall be clearly identified on the landscape plan.

7. Combining planting areas within the parking lot is encouraged so that they are larger than the minimum set forth in Table I-5 and more suited to the long-term health of the plant material and to LID practices.

8. Any new building not previously shown on an approved site plan shall meet the requirements of this section. The total site impervious area shall be based on the area occupied by the proposed building, proposed or required parking (whichever is greater) and all other impervious areas proposed or required as part of the proposed development.

802.45 Storm Water Management (SWM) Facilities: A. Landscaping of storm water management facilities is intended to insure that these important urban open spaces are developed in a manner that will yield the greatest environmental and amenity benefit to the community. The plant credits shall be in accordance with Table 8-3. Consideration of the landscape elements of the SWM facility should begin at the concept stage with the formulation of design objectives. B. For dry ponds, no trees shall be planted on or within twenty (20) feet of the dam embankment, on the emergency spillway, below the 2-year water surface elevation, or on the access road. However, at a minimum: 1. Landscaping shall surround the basin within the storm water management easement.

2. Eighty (80) plant units per 100 linear feet of the 100-year water surface elevation, exclusive of the dam embankment and spillway, shall be provided. A maximum of fifty (50) plant units per 100 linear feet may be large deciduous or large evergreen trees. If large deciduous and large evergreen trees are used in combination, then a maximum of fifty (50)


plant units per 100 linear feet of large deciduous and large evergreen trees combined may be used. A maximum of 25% of the plant units required may be ornamental grasses and/or perennials. Given these limits on quantities of certain plant types, a mixture of plant types should be utilized.

3. A combination of shade, ornamental and/or evergreen trees, and shrubs shall be used. Perennials and ornamental grasses may be used. 4. If plantings are approved within the two (2) year water surface elevation they shall be specified as wet-cultivated on the plant schedule. C. For wet ponds, no trees shall be planted on or within twenty (20) feet of the dam embankment, on the access road, or the emergency spillway. However, at a minimum: 1. Landscaping shall surround the basin within the storm water management easement.

2. Eighty (80) plant units per one hundred (100) linear feet of the 100-year water surface elevation, exclusive of the dam embankment and spillway, shall be provided above the 10-year water surface elevation. A maximum of fifty (50) plant units per 100 linear feet may be large deciduous or large evergreen trees. If large deciduous and large evergreen trees are used in combination, then a maximum of fifty (50) plant units per 100 linear feet of large deciduous and large evergreen trees combined may be used. A maximum of 25% of the plant units required may be ornamental grasses and/or perennials. Given these limits on quantities of certain plant types, a mixture of plant types should be utilized.

3. A combination of shade, ornamental and/or evergreen trees and shrubs shall be used. Perennials and ornamental grasses may also be used. 4. Where possible, shade trees should be planted near the water's edge to moderate thermal impact on the pool, and some open areas provided for access to dredge the facility.

5. Where a wet pond is provided as a golf course feature and does not abut adjacent properties, the landscaping requirements of this Paragraph C.1 through C.7, above do not apply; however the buffer requirement of DCSM 802.11.B.4 shall be met. 6. Where an amenity that is a hard structure (for example, a deck or patio) or where a building is proposed to the water’s edge, the length of the 100-year water surface elevation abutting the hard structure or building may be deducted from the linear feet of the 100-year water surface elevation used to calculate the plant units required. This concept of a hard structure shall not include retaining walls, trails/sidewalks, parking lots or features where landscape planting is possible. 7. If plantings are approved below the ten (10) year water surface elevation they shall be specified as wet-cultivated on the plant schedule.


D. Additional area may be needed to fulfill the design objectives. With the overall goal of maximizing the benefits of the facility, objectives such as the following, shall be considered for SWM landscape design: 1. Enhancement of water quality. 2. Creation of passive recreation opportunities. 3. Assurance of aesthetic compatibility with community. 4. Ease of maintenance. E. To allow flexibility in the planning of landscapes for SWM facilities and to encourage creative and innovative approaches to design, the following criteria shall apply to ensure the safety of the public and the functionality of the facility:

1. Pond slopes shall be three-to-one (3:1) or flatter when existing slopes are three-to-one (3:1) or flatter. Steeper slopes may be approved on a case-by-case basis to allow for the preservation of natural vegetation and topography. 2. Where possible, vegetative strips should be used in place of fencing around outfalls into the pond. These plantings shall be adequate to restrict easy access. 3. Trees or shrubs shall not be allowed around structural items without the approval of the Department of Public Works. 4. Where required, fences should be compatible with the environmental and architectural surroundings of the facility site. 5. Only herbaceous plants such as low maintenance ground covers and required stabilization grasses/legumes shall be permitted on the dam unless they are associated with plantings on a public road and are approved by the director of Public Works. 6. Rip-rap areas or fill embankments may be screened or enhanced with plant materials. 7. Plantings, bollards (sturdy freestanding posts) or a park-type post and rail may be used to discourage use of grassed areas by vehicles. 8. Opportunities for passive recreation should be provided whenever possible. Fishing, hiking, birding, picnicking, and nature study are among the activities appropriate on many SWM facility sites.

F. When wet ponds are allowed by the Zoning Ordinance to be located in buffer areas, additional landscaping features must be provided to enhance their appearance. 802.46 Optional Street Tree Planting:


A. Street plantings in the right-of-way are optional, however, when provided within the right-of-way they shall be in accordance with VDOT's Subdivision Street Design Guide. Where VDOT and County standards differ, the stricter standard shall apply. The following requirements are intended to insure that street trees are selected and planted in a manner that will promote their long-term health and survival, enhancing streets throughout the County, both visually and environmentally. B. General Standards for All Street Trees:

1. Trees shall be the primary element of all streetscapes. Complimenting street trees with shrubs, perennials, annuals, grasses, etc. is encouraged.

2. Species Selection. The species (or cultivar) of tree selected for any streetscape design (median or alongside the roadway) shall be compatible with the width and function of the street and shall be in accordance with Tables I-2. Generally, all street trees planted along the side of the roadway shall be single stemmed. Multi-stemmed trees may be permitted if selected sizes and varieties or cultivars will not conflict with pedestrian and vehicle movement and at the discretion of the director of Public Works.

3. Only those trees planted within fifteen (15) feet of the curb or edge of pavement shall be considered street trees. 4. The location of street trees shall be designed so as to avoid conflicts with existing and

proposed utility easements. C. Soils (for median or alongside the roadway) shall meet VDOT requirements and specifications. They shall be clean and free of concrete, debris, trash, gravel, or other foreign materials, and shall be loose soils, lightly tamped but otherwise uncompacted. 802.47 Residential Landscaping: A. Residential Landscaping: The purpose of landscaping residential lots is to provide a minimum amount of tree canopy cover which will yield a permanent environmental and aesthetic benefit to the development. Residential landscaping in accordance with Table 8-6 is required, in addition to the other requirements for storm water management facilities landscaping and street planting. They all may be used to meet the tree canopy cover requirement. Residential landscaping shall comply with the standards in Table 8-6. B. Community Facilities. Community facilities, such as community recreational facilities (i.e., tennis court, swimming pools, club houses) or meeting houses, when constructed as freestanding uses internal to a residential development, shall be treated as non-residential development for landscaping purposes. The following landscaping is required:

1. A minimum fifteen (15) foot wide landscaped area shall be established and maintained around the perimeter of the community facility and landscaped in accordance with a Type A buffer.


2. Parking areas shall meet the requirements of this section. 3. When a community facility is located along the property boundary at the edge of the residential development it serves, a buffer shall be provided in accordance with the buffering requirements of this section.

802.48 Buffering Residential Development From Major Roadways: A. The purpose of these requirements is to ensure that the rear and side yard and the lowest story of the rear outside wall of any single family attached or detached dwelling is screened from the view of any street classified as a major collector or higher. It is not the intent of these regulations to provide uniform linear strips of completely opaque screening but to provide an attractive view of residential neighborhoods from major streets and ensure adequate buffering for the residential neighborhood from the street. B. When the rear or side yards of single-family attached or detached dwellings in any district are oriented toward a major collector, parkway, arterial street, freeway, or an interstate, a buffer area shall be provided between the rear or side lot lines and the public right-of-way, as part of the common open space owned and maintained by the homeowners' association. If allowed within individual lots, the buffer area must be such that it still provides the minimum back and side yard depth required by the Zoning Ordinance outside the buffer area. C. The width of the buffer area and the plant units required within the buffer area shall be in accordance with Table 8-7. The buffer width may be reduced by up to twenty percent (20%) when the line of sight from the traveling lane is at least ten (10) feet above the rear yard elevation at the entrance to the dwelling. D. When existing woodland is located within the entire buffer area, preservation of that woodland will be allowed to substitute for the required plant materials, provided that the woodland meets the minimum size requirements of Table 8-5 and the intent of the buffer expressed in Paragraph A, above. E. Fences, walls, or berms may also be employed within the required buffer area to interrupt the views of the rear yards. If six (6) foot high opaque fence or wall or a four (4) foot high berm is used within the buffer area, the requirement for plant materials in accordance with Table 8-7 may be reduced by thirty percent (30%). 802.49 Screening A. When screening of certain on-site functions (e.g., loading, dumpsters, trash collection, outside storage areas, maintenance areas and equipment, mechanical equipment, etc.) is required by the Zoning Ordinance, the following screening options shall be used, depending on the type of function being screened:


1. A minimum six (6) foot high opaque fence or wall, the height of the fence or wall shall be no lower than the functions/items being screened. An appropriate gate shall be provided, if applicable. 2. A three (3) foot high berm with plantings of six (6) feet high evergreen screening is provided. 3. For mechanical and similar equipment, any architectural element compatible with the building is acceptable, as long as it covers the view of the equipment.

B. The site functions listed above shall be oriented on the site so as to be as inconspicuous as possible, and shall be screened from all public streets and adjoining properties. 803.00 LANDSCAPING - SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS 803.01 General Requirements: A. A landscape plan is a required element of all development plans. The landscape plan must address the requirements for buffer areas, basic landscaping, as well as tree canopy cover requirement calculations, as applicable. B. The landscape plan shall be made part of the site development plan and shall be submitted and reviewed in accordance with this section and Section 100.00 of this manual. C. The plan shall be prepared by a certified or registered landscape architect, a registered professional engineer, or a certified land surveyor. D. A comprehensive landscape plan shall reflect the intent of the provisions of this section, while allowing for modifications based on the particulars of a site and its unique characteristics. This plan shall be submitted with all future site development plans to which it applies. At a minimum, the comprehensive landscape plan shall include:

1. The approximate limits of clearing and grading. 2. A tree stand description providing the proposed save areas (forest cover type(s), average size of the dominant canopy species, and the approximate area). 3. Calculations demonstrating how the required tree cover is proposed to be met.

E. Alternate compliance shall be accepted in accordance with Section 801.03, paragraph C. 803.02 Plan Elements: A. The landscape plans shall be drawn to the same scale as the site and subdivision plan details but no less than 1" = 50' scale.


B. A tabulation showing how each required element of Section 802.00 has been met and where credit was used, when applicable, shall be shown on the plan. C. Planting elements shall be shown as follows:

1. Location, general type, and quality of the existing vegetation and specimen trees to be retained. Drip line of specimen trees to be retained shall be shown. 2. Methods and details for protection of existing vegetation during construction and tree protection after construction.

3. Location and labels of all proposed plants, with tree symbols shown to scale for their ten (10) year canopy. 4. Location and description of other landscape improvements. 5. Proposed grading. 6. The zoning and use of all abutting properties. 7. Planting methods and installation details as necessary to ensure conformance with the standards in this section. 8. Schedules or lists showing required and proposed quantities for items called for by this section. 9. Location, size, and description of all elements which are required to be screened. 10. Maintenance schedule. In addition, every site plan or subdivision plan submitted shall include the following note on the landscape plan and plat: The owner of fee title to any property on which plant material has been established in accordance with an approved landscape/planting plan, shall be responsible for the maintenance, repair and replacement of the approved plant material, as required by the ordinance. 11. The location, type, size, and quantity of trees to be planted in the right-of-way and in accordance with the Guidelines for Planting Along Virginia Roadways. 12. Where applicable, habitat enhancement features in storm water management facilities such as islands, nesting boxes, and loafing/nesting platforms. 13. Collected plants or transplanted trees may be specified on the plan, provided that planting location and conditions will permit. 14. All proposed and existing easements and utilities as shown on other plan sheets.

803.03 Substitution of Plant Materials:


The plants that are planted shall be of the species and size specified on the approved plans, unless substitutions have been approved by the director of Public Works prior to planting. Substitutions that have been planted without prior approval by the director of Public Works shall be removed and replaced by acceptable species, if required by the director of Public Works. See Tables I-2, “Plant Selection and Cover Guides”, and Table I-3, “Plants Not Acceptable for General Use”, appendices to Section 800, for more information on acceptable species. 804.00 LANDSCAPING - SPECIFICATIONS 804.01 Specifications: A. Plant names used in the plant schedule shall be identified in accordance with Hortus Third, by Liberty Hyde Bailey Horitorium, latest edition. B. All plant materials shall be specified to be equal to or better than the standards for nursery stock, by the American Nursery and Landscapers Association (ANLA). C. Trees and shrubs shall be nursery grown, unless otherwise approved, and shall be healthy and vigorous plants, free from defects, decay, disfiguring roots, sun-scald, injuries, abrasions of the bark, plant diseases, insect pest eggs, borers and all forms of infestations or objectionable disfigurements, as determined by the director of Public Works. Container plants shall have roots established throughout the pot, but shall not be root bound. Plants shall be in accordance with the current American Nursery and Landscape Association and conform in general to representative species. D. Plants should be predominately native species. Species to be planted in woodland conservation areas shall be native and suited to the site conditions. Exceptions to this paragraph are allowed with approval of the director of Public Works, provided they are suited to the site. E. Plants collected within the site or transplanted trees may be specified on the plans, provided that planting locations and soil conditions will permit, and provided that the plants meet the specifications of subsection G below. F. In order to curtail the spread of disease or insect infestation, projects containing two hundred (200) trees or more, shall plant no more than thirty percent (30%) of the required newly planted trees from one taxonomic family. Not more than thirty percent (30%) of the required newly planted trees shall be of the same genus, and not more than twenty percent (20%) may be of the same species. G. Plant measurements: All plants shall conform to the measurements specified in the plant schedule of the landscape plan. All plant sizes specified in the plans shall generally be the median for the size ranges indicated in the ANLA standards and, at a minimum, shall comply with the following. (Certain species may be planted at smaller sizes than those specified below. With the approval of the director of Public Works, any species in the Tree Selection and Cover Guide, which has tree cover area noted under a given size category, may be planted at that size


category. However, only trees a minimum of 5’ in height at the time of planting shall receive tree cover credit.):

1. Caliper measurements shall be taken six (6) inches above grade for trees under four (4) inches caliper, and twelve (12) inches above grade for trees four (4) inches in caliper and over. 2. Minimum branching height for all shade trees shall be six (6) feet. 3. Minimum size for planting large deciduous trees shall be two to two and one-half (2-2 1/2) inch caliper, twelve (12) feet to fourteen (14) feet in height. 4. Minimum size for planting all other deciduous trees shall be one to one and one-half (1- 1 1/2) inch caliper, six (6) feet to eight (8) feet in height. 5. Minimum size for planting evergreen trees shall be six (6) feet to seven (7) feet in height. 6. Minimum size for planting shrubs shall be eighteen (18) to twenty-four (24) inches in height or spread, except for quality dwarf varieties. 7. Minimum size for planting perennials and ornamental grasses shall be #1 Containers (aka. 1 gal.). A typical #1 container measures approximately 6” to 7” in diameter at the top by 7” deep. Plants shall be appropriate sizes for the container.

H. Spacing: All landscaping shall be designed and planted in accordance with Table I-4 of the Plant Selection Guide. 804.02 Plant Selection and Cover Guide: Plants from Tables I-2, of the Plant Selection Guides, an appendix to Section 800, shall be used to fulfill all planting requirements. Species, varieties or cultivars listed in Table I-3, “Plants Not Acceptable for General Use”, shall not be accepted. Exceptions to this paragraph may be allowed if approved by the director of Public Works and provided they are suited to the site. 804.03 Planting: A. Plants shall be protected during delivery to prevent desiccation of leave. B. Insofar as is practicable, all plants shall be planted on day of delivery. If this is not possible, the contractor shall protect unplanted plants by keeping them in shade, well protected with soil, mulch or other acceptable material and shall keep all plant material well watered. Plant material shall not remain unplanted for more than two (2) weeks. C. All plants shall be planted in such a manner as to ensure their survival. This shall include the planting of intact balls, planting at proper depth, properly backfilling and watering, and construction of a planting saucer (for trees). All planting areas shall contain soils suitable for planting. Soils shall be clean and free of all construction materials. (See planting procedures for trees and planting procedures for shrubs in the latest edition of Landscape Specification


Guidelines for Baltimore, Washington Metropolitan Area, prepared by the Landscape Contractors Association of Metropolitan Washington and American Society of Landscape Architects for adequate specifications.) D Any rope or wire binding the ball shall be cut prior to the conclusion of backfilling operations to prevent girdling of the tree trunk E. If a non-biodegradable material is used around the ball, it shall be completely removed prior to backfilling. 804.04 Landscape Plantings on Fences and Walls: When a wall or a solid fence is used for landscaping/buffering purposes, plantings should be provided on both sides of the fence to soften its visual impact and to deter access for graffiti vandals. Suggested plantings to restrict access to walls susceptible to graffiti vandalism: • Barberry or pyracantha to block access to the wall. • Ivy or other plantings to cover the wall. Use of vine type plantings should depend on the type of material used for the wall, as some building materials can be damaged by the plants.


A, B, C – Buffer width in accordance with Table 8-2. D – Determined on a case-by-case basis, depending on the activity.

TABLE 8-1 MINIMUM BUFFER AREA REQUIRED

Proposed Use/Development

Adjoining Existing Use/Development

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

RESIDENTIAL 1. Single-Family Detached

A

B

B

B

D

D

B

C

B

C

C

C

2. Single-Family Weak-Link (used only for previously approved weak-link developments that are still valid)

A

A

B

B

D

D

B

C

B

C

C

C

3. Single-Family Attached

B

A

B

B

D

D

B

C

B

C

C

C

4. Multifamily

B

B

B

B

D

D

A

C

B

C

C

C

PUBLIC/SEMIPUBLIC 5. Institutional (e.g., schools, church, library)

B B B B

A D A A A B C

C

6. Public Recreational Use - Passive

D

D

D

D

D

D

B

B

B

B

B

C

7. Public Recreational Use - Active D D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

8. Care Facilities (e.g., nursing home) B

B

B

A

C

B

D

C

A

B

C

C

9. Public Facilities (e.g., pump station, treatment plant)

C

C

C

C

A

B

D

C

B

B

A

A

10. OFFICE

B

B

B

B

A

B

D

A

B

A

B

B

11. COMMERCIAL/RETAIL

C

C

C

C

B

B

D

B

B

A

A

B

INDUSTRIAL 12. Light

C

C

C

C

C

B

D

C

A

B

A

A

13. Heavy

C

C

C

C

C

D

D

C

A

B

B

A


TABLE 8-2 BUFFER AREA WIDTH AND PLANT REQUIREMENTS

Type

Width

feet

# of Plant Units Per 100 Feet of R/W

or Property Line A 15 110 B 30 180 C 50 320 D Case by case – Minimum 15’ Based on approved width

TABLE 8-3

PLANT UNIT EQUIVALENTS

Plant Type* Plant Unit* 1 large deciduous tree 10 1 medium, small, or compact deciduous

understory tree) 5

1 large evergreen tree 10 1 medium, small, or compact evergreen tree) 5 1 shrub 2 1 ornamental grass 1 1 perennial 0.25 *Minimum plant size in accordance with Section 804.01G

TABLE 8-4 REQUIRED TREE CANOPY COVER AT TEN YEAR MATURITY

Developed Type

% of Area of Site

Residential developments where density does not exceed 10 units/acre

20%

Residential developments with density over 10 units/acre but less than 20 units/acre

15%

Residential developments with density of 20 units/acre or higher

10%

Commercial, industrial, and institutional developments 10%


TABLE 8-5 TREE PRESERVATION CREDIT

VEGETATION COVER OF PRESERVATION AREA

MINIMUM SIZE

CREDIT FACTOR

Environmentally Sensitive Areas: RPA & Floodplains

10,000 sq. ft.

1.0

Environmentally Sensitive Areas: Wooded Slopes ≥ 15% adjacent to an intermittent stream.

See 802.30B 2.0

Connecting Forested Areas (See 802.30 C) 10,000 sq.ft. 1.7-2.0 Older hardwood forest with dominant canopy trees of diameters larger than 12 inches

30 ft. by 50 ft.

1.7- 2.0 *

Young hardwood forest with dominant canopy trees of diameters of 4 to 12 inches

30 ft. by 30 ft.

1.5-1.7 *

Old field with successional growth of predominantly eastern red cedar, short leaf pine or Virginia pine, with diameters of 3 to 6 inches, mixed with deciduous trees

30 ft. by 30 ft.

1.2

Younger, old field successional growth of eastern red cedar or Virginia pine up to 3 inches mixed with deciduous trees

20 ft. by 20 ft.

1.1

Stands predominantly of Virginia pine, greater than 6”

75 ft. by 75 ft.

1.0

* To receive credit for young or older hardwood forests, a tree preservation plan must be submitted in the first submission of the site plan and approved by the director of Public Works. This plan will meet the minimum standards set forth in the Plant Selection Guide.


TABLE 8-6 ON-SITE RESIDENTIAL PLANTING REQUIREMENTS

Residential Type

Minimum Number of Trees*

Notes

Single-family detached lots one acre or larger.

3 LD per lot 3 AT per lot

Preserved trees which meet the minimum area requirement of Table 8-4 and are located on an individual lot within 60 ft. of a dwelling, and which are in good health, may be counted on a one-to-one basis towards fulfillment of the requirement for trees on that lot.

Single-family detached lots 20,000 sq. ft. to one acre


Single-family detached and weak link lots smaller than 20,000 sq. ft


Preserved trees which meet the minimum area requirements of Table 8-4 and are located on an individual lot within 30 feet of a dwelling, and which are in good health, may be considered as fulfilling the requirement for residential trees on that lot.

Single-family detached cluster subdivision

Minimum number of large deciduous trees and other trees will be provided, as for a conventional subdivision, but based on the average lot size provided in the cluster subdivision

Total number of trees to be located on lots and in common open space must meet or exceed the requirement under the conventional subdivision.

Townhouses, single-family attached, two-family

1 LD or MD per end unit and 1 SD or CD per unit

If space does not permit, the LD and MD required per end unit may be located in common open space for the site. Existing shade trees exceeding two-inch caliper, located anywhere in the open space area, may be counted on a one-to-one basis towards fulfilling the requirement for large and medium deciduous trees on that site.

Multifamily

1 LD per 1,600 sq. ft. of open space area 1 AT per 1,600 sq. ft. of open space area

A) Trees which count toward a perimeter parking lot landscaping may be counted towards fulfillment of this requirement. B) Preserved trees which meet the minimum area requirement of Table 8-4 and are located within 60 ft. of a building, and which are in good health, may be counted on a one-to-one basis towards fulfillment of the requirement.

*LD = Large Deciduous Tree; MD = Medium Deciduous Tree; SD = Small Deciduous Tree; CD = Compact Deciduous Tree; AT = Trees from any category of the Plant Selection and Cover Guide.


TABLE 8-7

RESIDENTIAL BUFFER FOR RIGHT-OF-WAYS

Street Classification

Width of the Buffer

(feet)

Number of Plant Units Per 100 ft. of Right-of-way

or Property Line Major Collector/Minor Arterial 30 180

(no more than 60 for shrubs) Parkway and Principal Arterial 50 320

(no more than 100 for shrubs)

Freeway/Interstate 75 400 (no more than 140 for shrubs)

TABLE 8-8 MINIMUM PLANTING ZONE DIMENSIONS FOR STREET TREES

Tree Category Minimum Planting Zone

Width (at top of soil)

Minimum Soil Volume of Planting Zones or Planters * (cubic ft.)

Large Street Tree 8 ft. 970 cf

Medium Street Tree 8 ft. 750 cf

Small Street Tree 6 ft. 500 cf

*All volumes are based on a soil depth of 3.0 feet.


SAMPLE PLANT SCHEDULES SCHEDULE A

BUFFER AREA PLANTING 1) Minimum required buffer area (A, B, or C): 2) Minimum width of landscaped yard: 3) Linear feet of buffer strip required along property line and/or right-of-way: 4) Percentage of required buffer area occupied by existing woodland _____________ 5) Fence or wall or berm employed in buffer area: __________ Yes __________ No 6) Total number of plant units required in buffer strip: __________ 7) Number of large deciduous tree provided: ________ x 10 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of large evergreen trees: ________ x 10 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of evergreen understory trees (medium, small or compact): ________ x 5 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of deciduous understory trees (medium, small or compact): ________ x 5 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of shrubs: ________ x 2 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of Ornamental Grasses: ________ x 1 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of Perennials: ________ x 0.25 p.u. = ________ p.u. 8) Total number of plant units provided in buffer strip: __________


SCHEDULE C PARKING LOT INTERIOR PLANTING

1) Area of parking: 2) Interior landscaped area required (% and sq. ft): ________ Interior landscaped area provided (% and sq. ft): ________ 3) Number of large/medium trees required: ________ Number of large/medium trees provided: ________

SCHEDULE D TREE COVER CALCULATIONS

Tree cover required: 1) Gross site area: ________ 2) Percent of tree cover required: ________ 3) Total area of tree cover required: ________ Tree cover provided: 4) Tree cover from landscaping: ________ 5) Tree cover from preservation: ________ 6) Total tree cover provided: ________

SCHEDULE B NONRESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPED STRIP ALONG RIGHT-OF-WAY

1) Linear feet of street frontage, not including driveway entrances: 2) Total number of plant units required: __________ 3) Number of large deciduous tree provided: ________ x 10 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of large evergreen trees: ________ x 10 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of evergreen understory trees (medium, small or compact): ________ x 5 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of deciduous understory trees (medium, small or compact): ________ x 5 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of shrubs: ________ x 2 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of Ornamental Grasses: ________ x 1 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of Perennials: ________ x 0.25 p.u. = ________ p.u. 4) Total number of plant units provided: __________


SCHEDULE F RESIDENTIAL REQUIREMENTS

1) Development type: 2) Number of lots: 3) Number of trees required per lot: ________ LD/MD Trees ________ SD/CD Trees ________ AT Trees 4) Total number of trees provided: ________ LD/MD Trees ________ SD/CD Trees ________ AT Trees

SCHEDULE E PARKING LOT PERIMETER AREA

1) Linear feet of property line adjacent to parking lot 2) Total number of plant units required: ________ 3) Number of plants provided adjacent to property line: Number of large deciduous tree provided: ________ x 10 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of large evergreen trees: ________ x 10 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of evergreen understory trees (medium, small or compact): ________ x 5 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of deciduous understory trees (medium, small or compact): ________ x 5 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of shrubs: ________ x 2 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of Ornamental Grasses: ________ x 1 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of Perennials: ________ x 0.25 p.u. = ________ p.u. 4) Total number of plant units provided: __________


SCHEDULE G BUFFER AREAS FOR RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

ALONG MAJOR ROADWAYS 1) Type of street adjacent to rear or side yards: 2) Minimum width of required buffer: 3) Linear feet abutting rear or side yards: 4) Total number of plant units required: __________ 5) Percentage of required buffer strip occupied by existing woodland: 6) Fence or wall or berm employed in buffer strip: ________ Yes ________ No

7) Number of plants provided: Number of large deciduous tree provided: ________ x 10 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of large evergreen trees: ________ x 10 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of evergreen understory trees (medium, small or compact): ________ x 5 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of deciduous understory trees (medium, small or compact): ________ x 5 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of shrubs: ________ x 2 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of Ornamental Grasses: ________ x 1 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of Perennials: ________ x 0.25 p.u. = ________ p.u. 8) Total number of plant units provided: ________


SCHEDULE H TYPICAL PLANT LIST

Symbol

Botanical

Name

Common

Name

Quantity

Caliper

Height

Tree Cover Credit (sq.

ft.

Remarks

SCHEDULE I STORM WATER MANAGEMENT POND LANDSCAPING

For Wet and Dry Ponds: 1) Linear feet of the 100-year water surface elevation: __________ 2) Linear feet of the 100-year water surface elevation Deducted for hardscape ___________ 3) Total number of plant units required at 80pu/100lf : __________ 4) Number of plants provided*: Number of large deciduous tree provided: ________ x 10 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of large evergreen trees: ________ x 10 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of evergreen understory trees (medium, small or compact): ________ x 5 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of deciduous understory trees (medium, small or compact): ________ x 5 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of shrubs: ________ x 2 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of ornamental grasses: ________ x 1 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of perennials: ________ x 0.25 p.u. = ________ p.u 5) Total number of plant units provided*: ________ *Note: Plant units shall not include plantings for the aquatic bench.


SCHEDULE J SHOPPING CENTER & SHOPPING MALL INTERIOR PLANTING

1) Total site impervious area: ________ (sf) 2) Interior planting area required (17%) ________ (sf) 3) Total number of plant units required: ________ 4) Plant units provided: Number of large deciduous trees: ________ x 10 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of deciduous understory trees: ________ x 5 p.u. = ________ p.u (medium, small or compact) . Number of large evergreen trees: ________ x 10 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of evergreen understory trees: ________ x 5 p.u. = ________ p.u. (medium, small or compact) Number of shrubs: ________ x 2 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of ornamental grasses: ________ x 1 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of perennials: ________ x 0.25 p.u. = ________ p.u. 5) Total number of plant units provided: __________

SCHEDULE K SHOPPING CENTER AND SHOPPING MALL BUILDING PERIMETER PLANTING AREA

1) Total perimeter of building footprint: ________ (lf) 2) Total number of plant units required: ________ 4) Plant units provided: Number of large deciduous trees: ________ x 10 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of deciduous understory trees: ________ x 5 p.u. = ________ p.u (medium, small or compact) . Number of large evergreen trees: ________ x 10 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of evergreen understory trees: ________ x 5 p.u. = ________ p.u. (medium, small or compact) Number of shrubs: ________ x 2 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of ornamental grasses: ________ x 1 p.u. = ________ p.u. Number of perennials: ________ x 0.25 p.u. = ________ p.u. 5) Total number of plant units provided: __________


TYPICAL TREE GUYING DETAIL

RUBBER HOSE

12"

2 STRANDS

GALVANIZED WIRETWISTED FOR STRENGTH

SURVEYOR'S TAPE

2"-3" SAUCER

GUYING STAKE

BACKFILL A MIN OF 12"WIDER THAN ROOTBALL

2"-3" MULCH

1/8 DEPTH OFBALL MAX

REMOVE BURLAP,WIRE & ROPE FROMTOP HALF OF BALL

810.

01

THESEALPRINCE

WILLIAM

COUNTYVA

CO

UN

TY O

FPR

INC

E W

ILLI

AMV

IRG

INIA

Dat

e

Det

ail N

o.TY

PIC

AL

TRE

E G

UY

ING

DE

TAIL

PLA

NTI

NG

DET

AIL

7/15

/14

2:1 SLOPE5:1 SLOPE

TAMP OR WATER TOPSOIL

MIXTURE AT 6" INTERVALS;WATER THOROUGHLY WHEN

HOLE IS 2/3 FULL

6" MIN BETWEEN BALL ANDBOTTOM OF EXCAVATION

3" EARTH BERM TO

FORM SAUCER (2:1)

3" MULCH

3" EARTH BERM (5:1)

SLOPE BOTTOM TO DRAIN

TO DOWN HILL SIDE

LOOSEN SUBSOIL BOTTOMOF EXCAVATION TO 6" MINDEPTH, TAMP

SEE GUYING DETAIL

BACKFILL

MIN 12" BEYONDROOTBALL

THESEALPRINCEWILLIAM

COUNTYVA

COUNTY OFPRINCE WILLIAM

VIRGINIADate

Detail No.

SLOPE PLANTINGPLANTINGDETAIL810.02 7/15/14

UPRIGHT STAKES

12"

2 STRANDS

GALVANIZED WIRETWISTED FOR SUPPORT

RUBBER HOSE

2"-3" SAUCER

BACKFILLMIN 12" BEYOND

ROOTBALL

2"-3" MULCH

1/8 DEPTH OFBALL MAX

REMOVE BURLAP,WIRE & ROPE FROMTOP HALF OF BALL

PLACE STAKESPARALLEL TO

WALKS & BUILDINGSUPRIGHT STAKESEXTEND TO FIRM

BEARING

2"-6"

THESEALPRINCE

WILLIA

MCOUNTYVA

CO

UN

TY O

FPR

INC

E W

ILLI

AMV

IRG

INIA

Dat

e

Det

ail N

o.TY

PIC

AL

UP

RIG

HT

PLA

NTI

NG

AND

STA

KIN

G D

ETAI

LP

LAN

TIN

GD

ETAI

L81

0.03

7/15

/14

GARDEN HOSE 1/2"DIA MINREMOVE BURLAP FROM

TOP 1/3 OF ROOT BALL

3" SHREDDED HARDWOOD MULCH

3" EARTH BERM TO FORM SAUCER

2"X2" HARDWOOD STAKES36" MIN LENGTH

6" MINIMUM BETWEENBALL AND BOTTOM OFEXCAVATION



HOLE IS 2/3 FULL

DOUBLE STRAND,12-GAUGE GALVANIZED

WIRE, TWISTED

TURN BUCKLE

SURVEYOR'S TAPE

LOOSEN SUBSOIL ATBOTTOM OF EXCAVATION

TO 6" MIN DEPTH,TAMP

BACKFILL



COUNTYVA


VIRGINIADate

Detail No.EVERGREEN TREEPLANTING

DETAIL810.04 7/15/14

REMOVE BURLAP FROM


3" MULCH

3" EARTH BERM TOFORM SAUCER




HOLE IS 2/3 FULL

LOOSEN SUBSOIL ATBOTTOM OF EXCAVATIONTO 6" MIN DEPTH, TAMP

BACKFILL



COUNTYVA


VIRGINIADate

Detail No.DECIDUOUS SHRUBPLANTING

DETAIL810.05 7/15/14

REMOVE BURLAP FROM


3" MULCH





HOLE IS 2/3 FULL


TO 6" MIN DEPTH, TAMP

BACKFILL



COUNTYVA


VIRGINIADate

Detail No.EVERGREEN SHRUBPLANTING

DETAIL810.06 7/15/14

SLICE ROOT BALL IN 4 TO 5PLACES FOR ROOT GROWTH

3" MULCH





HOLE IS 2/3 FULL


TO 6" MIN DEPTH, TAMP

4 TO 5 1" DEEP VERTICAL CUTSTO ENCOURAGE ROOT GROWTH

BACKFILL



COUNTYVA


VIRGINIADate

Detail No.CONTAINER SHRUBPLANTING

DETAIL810.07 7/15/14

NOTES:

TREES TO BE LOCATED AS FOLLOWS:

5' FROM WATER METER5' FROM GAS BOX5' FROM INLET OR MANHOLE10' FROM FIRE HYDRANT15' FROM LAMP POST

THE DIMENSIONS SHOWN HEREON ARE TYPICALAND MAY BE MODIFIED IN SPECIFIC SITUATIONS

BY THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS.

TREE/LAWNSIDEWALK

DRIVEWAY

15' UTILITYEASEMENT STREET

35' FROM P.C.

10' FROM DRIVEWAYENTRANCE

30' SPACING FORFLOWERING TREES

40' SPACING FORSHADE TREES


COUNTYVA


VIRGINIADate

Detail No.STREET TREES WITHCURB AND GUTTER

PLANTINGDETAIL810.08 7/15/14

X

LOWMAINTENANCE

GENERAL USE

DROUGHT

AREAS,SANDY SOILS

POORLY

DRAINEDAREAS

Tall fescue 50%Ladino Clover 10%

Red Clover 10%Korean lespedeza 15%

Annual ryegrass 15%

Tall fescue 50%Sencea lespedeza 30%Annual ryegrass 20%

Tall fescue 50%Sencea lespedeza 20%Korean lespedeza 15%

Annual ryegrass 15%

Tall fescue 65%Korean lespedeza 20%

Annual ryegrass 10%

Redtop 5%

50 lbs.

X

XX

X

XX

X

70 lbs.

80 lbs.

80 lbs.

2 lbs.

1 ½

lbs.

2 lbs.

2 lbs.

(a,b)X

(a)

X

(a,b)

X

(a,b)

X

Per Acre

RATES DATES

Per

1,000sq.ft.

3/1

to 4/15

4/15

to

8/1

8/1

to 10/15

Planting description - Random plantings ofone or more of the following types of trees:

Eastern Red Cedar, Loblolly Pine, Virginia Pineor White Pine. A minimum of 40 trees per

acre shall be provided.

a. After May 1, use 10 lbs./A German millet or 2 lbs./A weeping lovegrass is place of annual ryegrass.

b. After May 2, Korean lespedeza will not reseed itself. You may increase the amount of other legumes.

TOP VIEW OF PLANTINGS

FRONT VIEW OF ULTIMATE GROWTH

THESEALPRINCE

WILLIA

MCOUNTYVA

CO

UN

TY O

FPR

INC

E W

ILLI

AMV

IRG

INIA

Dat

e

Det

ail N

o.R

EV

EG

ETA

TED

STA

ND

AN

DP

LAN

TIN

GD

ETAI

L81

0.09

7/15

/14

NOTES:

1. SPADE EDGE PERIMETER OF BED.

2. TOP OF ROOT BALL SHALL BE 2" ABOVETHE EXISTING GRADE

3. PLANT DEPTH WILL VARY ACCORDING TOPLANT TYPE.

4. THE ENTIRE BED SHALL BE COVERED TO A

DEPTH OF 3" WITH MULCH.

LEGEND:

D = DISTANCE BETWEEN ROWS

S = PLANT SPACING IN ROWS

E = 1/2 S (TO EDGE OF BED)

S S

D

E

E

PERMANENT PONDELEVATION

SEE NOTE #3

POND BOTTOMPLANT INTO 6"LOOSENED SOIL

SEE NOTE #4

EXISTING GROUND

PLANTING MIX UNDISTURBED SOIL

SEE NOTE #2

AQUATIC PLANTING DETAIL SHRUB BED PLANTING DETAIL

SHRUB & PERENNIAL BED DETAIL

SEE NOTE #4

THESEALPRINCEWILL IAM

COUNTYVA


VIRGINIADate

Detail No.STORM WATER MANAGEMENT

FACILITIESPLANTINGDETAIL810.10 7/15/14

NOTES:

1. LIMITS OF DISTURBANCES WILL BE SET ASPART OF THE REVIEW PROCESS.

2. THE BOUNDARIES OF THE LIMITS OF

DISTURBANCE SHOULD BE STAKED AND

FLAGGED PRIOR TO ERECTING THEPROTECTIVE DEVICE.

3. ANCHOR POSTS SHOULD BE PLACED TOAVOID SEVERING OR DAMAGING LARGE TREEROOTS.

4. FENCING MATERIAL SHOULD BE FASTENED

SECURELY TO THE ANCHOR POSTS.

16" MINIMUM8" MINIMUM

SOIL MOUNTED

AGAINST

FILTER CLOTH

U WIRE FORHOLDINGFENCE ANDFILTER CLOTH

FILTER CLOTH: FILTER X,MIRAFI 100X, STABILINKA T140NOR APPROVED EQUAL

GROMET FORANCHORINGBOTTOM

FLAGGING

WOVEN FENCE 14 ½" GAUGE6" MAXIMUM MESH OPENING

10' MAXIMUM BETWEEN POSTS

6' MINIMUM FENCE POSTSDRIVEN 2' INTO THE GROUND

HE

IGH

T O

F

FIL

TER


COUNTYVA


VIRGINIADate

Detail No.WOVEN WIRE FENCE WITH

FILTER CLOTH

TEMPORARYTREE

PROTECTIONDEVICE810.11 7/15/14

NOTES:

1. LIMITS OF DISTURBANCES WILL BE

SET AS PART OF THE REVIEW

PROCESS.


DISTURBANCE SHOULD BE STAKED

AND FLAGGED PRIOR TO ERECTINGTHE PROTECTIVE DEVICE.

3. ANCHOR POSTS SHOULD BE PLACEDTO AVOID SEVERING OR DAMAGINGLARGE TREE ROOTS.

4. FENCING MATERIAL SHOULD BEFASTENED SECURELY TO THEANCHOR POSTS.

MAXIMUM 8'

4' MINIMUM

ANCHOR POSTS SHOULD BE

MINIMUM 2" STEEL U CHANNELOR 2"X2" LUMBER AT LEAST6' IN LENGTH

GROUND SURFACE

ANCHOR POSTS MUST

BE PUT IN THE

GROUND TO A DEPTH

OF AT LEAST 1/3 OFTHE TOTAL HEIGHTOF THE POST

USE AN 8" WIRE "U" TOSECURE THE BOTTOM

USE 2"X4" LUMBERFOR CROSS BRACING

HIGHLY VISIBLE FLAGGINGSHOULD BE ATTACHED TO THETOP OF THE ANCHOR POSTS


COUNTYVA


VIRGINIADate

Detail No.BLAZE ORANGEPLASTIC MESH

TEMPORARYTREE


NOTES:

1. LIMITS OF DISTURBANCES WILL BESET AS PART OF THE REVIEWPROCESS.

2. THE BOUNDARIES OF THE LIMITS OFDISTURBANCE SHOULD BE STAKED

AND FLAGGED PRIOR TO ERECTING

THE PROTECTIVE DEVICE.3. ANCHOR POSTS SHOULD BE PLACED

TO AVOID SEVERING OR DAMAGINGLARGE TREE ROOTS.

4. FENCING MATERIAL SHOULD BEFASTENED SECURELY TO THE

ANCHOR POSTS.

ANCHOR POSTS SHOULD BE MINIMUM

2" STEEL U CHANNEL OR 4"X4"LUMBER AT LEAST 6' IN LENGTH

18"

2"

GROUND SURFACE

ANCHOR POSTS MUST BEPUT IN THE GROUND TOA DEPTH OF AT LEAST

1/3 OF THE TOTALHEIGHT OF THE POST

FLAGGING STREAMERS SHOULD BEAT LEAST 18 INCHES LONG AND2 INCHES WIDE. THEY SHOULDBE ATTACHED TO THE BARBED

WIRE BY WIRE OR CLIPS.

MAXIMUM 8'


COUNTYVA


VIRGINIADate

Detail No.THREE STRAND

BARBED WIRE FENCE

TEMPORARYTREE


NOTES:

1. LIMITS OF DISTURBANCES WILL BESET AS PART OF THE REVIEWPROCESS.


DISTURBANCE SHOULD BE STAKED

AND FLAGGED PRIOR TO ERECTINGTHE PROTECTIVE DEVICE.

3. ANCHOR POSTS SHOULD BE PLACEDTO AVOID SEVERING OR DAMAGINGLARGE TREE ROOTS.

4. FENCING MATERIAL SHOULD BE

FASTENED SECURELY TO THE

ANCHOR POSTS.

ANCHOR POSTS SHOULD BE MINIMUM

2" STEEL U CHANNEL OR 4"X4"LUMBER AT LEAST 6' IN LENGTH

GROUND SURFACE

ANCHOR POSTS MUST BEPUT IN THE GROUND TOA DEPTH OF AT LEAST

1/3 OF THE TOTALHEIGHT OF THE POST

HIGHLY VISIBLE FLAGGING SHOULDBE ATTACHED TO THE TOPS OF

THE ANCHORED POSTS

MAXIMUM 8'4' MINIMUM


COUNTYVA


VIRGINIADate

Detail No.

SNOW FENCETEMPORARY

TREEPROTECTION

DEVICE810.14 7/15/14

10'

10'

15'

6'

UT

ILIT

Y E

AS

EM

EN

T

R-O-W

10' LANDSCAPE STRIPENTIRELY OUTSIDE OF UTILITY EASEMENT.NO CONDUIT NEEDS TO BE USED.

10' + 5' LANDSCAPE STRIPPLANT THROUGHOUT ENTIRE 15' WIDTH.MIN. 6' OUTSIDE OF UTILITY EASEMENT.EXTRA 5' PLANTING WIDTH REQUIRED FOR TOTAL OF 15'.PLANT UNITS = TO 10' REQUIREMENT.ALL PLANTING IN EASEMENT APPROVED BY UTILITY COMPANIES.

NO CONDUIT NEEDS TO BE USED.

10' LANDSCAPE STRIPALL UTILITIES UNDERGROUND AND IN CONDUIT.

ALL PLANTING APPROVED BY UTILITY COMPANIES.NO OVERHEAD UTILITIES.


COUNTYVA


VIRGINIADate

Detail No.10' LANDSCAPE STRIP &

UTILITY EASEMENTS810.15 7/15/14

Adopted December 7, 2010 Effective January 1, 2012

TS - 1

LANDSCAPING - PLANT SELECTION AND COVER GUIDES I. Plant Selection and Cover Guides for Buffer Areas, Basic Landscaping, Street Planting, and Reforestation Areas: The plant selection guides to be utilized by persons preparing landscape plans for buffer areas, basic landscaping, street planting, and reforestation areas are found in Tables I-2-T (trees), I-2-S (shrubs), I-2-P (perennials), and I-2-G (grasses). The following is an explanation of the columns and codes contained therein: A. Tree Categories/Tree Canopy Coverage -- Table I-2-T is divided into categories of trees (i.e., large, medium, small, and compact) for purposes of calculating tree canopy coverage. The category each tree is placed in is determined by the projected size of the tree's canopy spread. B. Botanical Name, Common Name -- The first column contains the Latin name and the common name for the plant. C. Projected 10-Year Tree Cover -- These three columns in Table I-2-T list the area of tree canopy coverage in square feet for each species. The canopy area is determined by the size of a tree at planting related to the projected size of the tree's canopy after 10 years of growth in an urban environment. Also note that the tree cover credit is based on the area of the projected canopy for the species. If cultivars or varieties, which vary significantly from the species, are used then applying canopy credit consistent with the characteristics of the cultivar or variety may be required. For example, if a narrow columnar cultivar of red maple is proposed, then the canopy credit for that selection would be chosen from the compact deciduous category. D. Uses -- This column is used to select a species which will thrive and exhibit desirable characteristics suitable to the demands of a particular environment. Five situations are considered in Table I-1 as follows: 1. Interior Parking Lot Planting Areas -- Trees indicated as (P) tolerate poor soils, drought, reflected heat, and restricted root zones. They are, therefore, acceptable for use as interior parking lot landscaping. Desirable branching habit is also considered. Trees and shrubs indicated as (CP) have the same tolerances but are not shade trees. They are suitable as complimentary to parking lot landscaping.

2. Native –Plants indicated as (N) are native to Virginia. They are intended for use in basic landscaping but particularly for use in buffers. Buffers are open spaces which are intended to provide screening of undesirable views, which usually will become naturalized over time. Both deciduous and evergreen species are listed; a combination of both is needed for an effective buffer.

3. Street Planting Areas -- Trees indicated as (SS, MS or LS) are appropriate for planting within a streetscape and have been selected based on their form, potential spread, overall size, and tolerance of urban conditions.


TS - 2

4. Reforestation Areas -- Trees indicated as (RF) are appropriate for planting in areas which are to be reforested.

5. Areas near or under overhead utilities -- Trees indicated as (U) are appropriate for planting near or under overhead utilities and have been selected based on their ultimate height and spread. Use of the selected species can prevent disfigurement and associated structural and health problems caused by periodic topping or pruning of trees near power lines. Virginia Power and NOVEC have available lists of trees suitable for planting under or near overhead utility lines. 6. Rain Gardens – Plants indicated as (RG) are suitable for planting in rain gardens (aka bio-retention facilities). They may also be suitable for other low impact development features. Consideration of water retention/detention rates needs to be made before selecting a particular species.

E. Environmental Tolerances -- This column is used to select species that are tolerant of specific environmental factors, both natural and man-made. Nine factors are considered, as follows:

1. Restricted Root Zone –Plants indicated as (RZ) are recommended for areas which are relatively limited in soil volume and surrounded by impervious barriers typical of parking lot islands and planting strips provided between parking bays and between sidewalks and curbs. A larger planting space will result in a more healthy and vigorous tree.

2. Poor Soil –Plants indicated as (SL) are recommended for soil conditions which are poor. These trees are noted for their tolerance to a wide range of soils found in an urban environment. Most trees, however, do not tolerate poor soils. Better soils will result in a more healthy and vigorous tree. Subsoils used to provide a stable base for sidewalks, parking lots, buildings, etc. and general grading purposes are often found to be inadequate for plant growth. Soil amendments are generally needed.

3. Partial Shade –Plants indicated as (PS) are recommended for areas receiving partial amounts of direct sunlight such as on the eastern or western boundary of a structure. 4. Shade -- Trees indicated as (SH) are recommended for a shaded environment. 5. Air Pollution -- Plants indicated as (AP) are recommended for areas subject to exhaust

emissions, as found along a highway or in a parking lot with excessive stop and go traffic. Deciduous trees are more tolerant of air pollution than evergreen trees.

6. Deicing Salts –Plants indicated as (IS) are recommended for areas near streets and parking lots where deicing salts containing sodium chloride and/or calcium chloride are used.


TS - 3

7. Wet Soil –Plants indicated as (WS) are recommended for areas near waterways, ponds, lakes, and storm water management facilities.

8. Drought – Plants indicated as (DR) are recommended for hot, dry conditions, such as

along streets, near or in parking lots, and near buildings. F. Associated Problems -- This column is used to identify general problems associated with specific tree species. Five problem codes are provided: disease, insect damage, storm and structural damage, due to weak wood, production of objectionable fruit, and production of objectionable root systems. 1. Disease -- Trees indicated as (D) are susceptible to severe stress, disfigurement, or death brought about by disease-causing agents which produce symptoms not curable or controllable by known or practical methods. Some of these species are susceptible to one or more pathogens. 2. Insect Damage -- Trees indicated as (I) are susceptible to damage by insects. Considerable

damage, such as defoliation and sometimes death, can result. Pests causing such damage cannot be effectively controlled without considerable maintenance with pesticides.

3. Storm and Structural Damage Due to Weak Wood -- Trees indicated as (W) are susceptible to structural failure, such as branches breaking and falling or major portions of the main trunk snapping off during storms. These species should not be planted near buildings. 4. Objectionable Fruit: -- Trees indicated as (F) produce fruit that is capable of causing damage when falling, is slick or sticky on roads and walkways, attracts pests, produces disagreeable odors, and/or produces prolific seedlings. 5. Objectionable Root Systems: -- Trees indicated as (R) produce shallow or surface oriented root systems that may heave sidewalks and asphalt surfaces, clog sewer and drainage pipes, or damage foundations, if planted too close to buildings. 6. Transplanting Difficulty: -- Trees indicated as (T) produce deep root systems which are difficult to retain in transplanting.

Table I-1 provides a listing of the codes found in the plant selection guide. II. Plant Selection Guide for Storm Water Management Facilities: Table II contains plants which are suitable for planting in storm water management facilities. Like Table I, genus and species as well as common names are listed, followed by columns of three variables – wildlife value, wetland indicator status, and environmental tolerances/comments adaptation to wetland growing conditions, and tolerance to periodic flooding. The variables are provided to assist persons designing landscapes for storm water management facilities in Prince William County.


TS - 4

A. Table II divides the listing of trees into groups (i.e., large, medium, and small) for purposes of calculating tree canopy coverage. Refer to Table I-2-T for corresponding coverage square footage. B. Wildlife Values -- This column of Table II provides wildlife values, given as high, moderate, and low and are intended to assist those designing storm water facilities for promoting or managing wildlife. C. Wetland Status -- This column in Table II provides wetland indicators taken from the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: Northeast (Region I). USDI/Fish and Wildlife Service, 1988. These indicators may be used as a guide to the adaptability of various species to various prevailing soil moisture conditions. The categories are defined as follows: 1. Obligate Wetland (OBL) -- Occurs almost always occurs in wetlands (estimated at 99

percent probability) under natural conditions. 2. Facultative Wetland (FACW) -- Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67 to 99 percent), but occasionally found in non-wetland areas. 3. Facultative Upland (FACU) -- Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67 to 99 percent), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1 to 33 percent). 4. Obligate Upland (UPL) -- Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always

(estimated probability greater than 99 percent) in non-wetlands in this region under natural conditions.

5. A plus or minus sign indicates if the species is usually found in the wetter (+) or drier (-) end of its category. D. Flood Tolerance -- This column in Table II refers to the ability of a plant to survive periodic flooding. While this is shown as yes or no, these are not absolutes. Actual plant survival will also depend on such variables as the amount of soil loss around roots and the amount of silt deposited over the root zone during the storm event. III. Tree Preservation Plan Requirements A tree preservation plan shall be submitted as part of either the preliminary or site/subdivision plan. The tree survey shall be submitted in plan format. The narrative may be submitted in either a plan or booklet format. At a minimum, a tree preservation plan shall include the following elements: A. A tree survey which describes the location, species, size (dbh), accurate dripline and condition of all existing trees 12" or greater in diameter at breast height, that are located within


TS - 5

20' outside or 10' inside of the limits of clearing and grading. The condition analysis shall be prepared by a certified arborist using the eighth edition of The Guide for Plant Appraisal. B. A tree preservation narrative, which at a minimum includes the following: 1. Preconstruction treatments including crown pruning and root pruning (may also include protective fencing, etc.). 2. Clearing operation measures (e.g., felling techniques, stump removal). 3. Active project, ongoing measures including tree protection, erosion controls and mulching (may also include watering, etc.). 4. Project completion work including crown pruning, soil inoculation, and aeration (may also include removals, vertical mulching, fertilization, watering, etc.). 5. Any proposed transplanting, including a description of the transplanting operation.


TS - 6

TABLE I-1 PLANT SELECTION GUIDE CODES

Uses Codes

Interior parking lot planting trees P

Complimentary Interior Parking Lot Planting CP

Native N

Street Tree Categories Large Street Tree Medium Street Tree Small Street Tree

LS MS SS

Areas near overhead utilities U

Rain Gardens RG

Environmental Tolerances

Restricted root zone RZ

Poor soils SL

Partial shade PS

Shade SH

Air pollution AP

Deicing salts IS

Wet soils WS

Drought DR

Associated Problems

Disease D

Insect damage I

Weak wood W

Objectionable fruit F

Objectionable root systems R

Transplanting Difficulty T

Non-native Invasive NI


TS - 7

TABLE I - 2-T TREE SELECTION AND COVER GUIDE

BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME

PROJECTED 10 – YR TREE COVER IN ft² BY CALIPER OR HEIGHT

AT PLANTING

U

SES

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT

AL

T

OL

ER

AN

CE

S

ASS

OC

IAT

ED

PR

OB

LE

MS

1” 2” 3”

COMPACT DECIDUOUS TREES

Acer palmatum Japanese Maple 40 50 75 U, RG SH, PS

Cornus kousa Kousa Dogwood 40 50 75 SS, U,

CP, RG PS

Cornus mas Corneliancherry Dogwood 40 50 75 U, RG PS

Cotinus obovatus American Smoketree 40 50 75 N, RG

Ilex vomitoria Yaupon Holly 40 50 75 N, RG PS, DR,

WS

Lagerstromia indica Crape Myrtle 40 50 75 RG, CP,

SS, U SL

Magnolia stellata Star Magnolia 40 50 75 U, RG AP

Malus spp. Crabapples 40 50 75 U AP, DR F, D, I

Ostrya virginiana Hophornbeam 40 50 75 N, MS,

RG T

Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood 40 50 75 N, RG PS T

Prunus cerasifera Flowering Plum 40 50 75 RG, U AP D, I

Sorbus alnifolia Korean Mountainash 40 50 75 AP, WS

Stewartia koreana Korean Stewartia 40 50 75 U

Stewartia ovata Mountain Stewartia 40 50 75 RG, U


TS - 8




AT PLANTING

U

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EN

VIR

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S

ASS

OC

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ED

PR

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MS

1” 2” 3”

Stewartia pseudocamellia Japanese Stewartia 40 50 75 RG, U

Styrax japonicus Japanese Snowbell 40 50 75 RG, U PS

Syringa reticulata Japanese Tree Lilac 40 50 75 U, SS PS D, I

SMALL DECIDUOUS TREES

Acer griseum Paperbark Maple 75 100 125 SS, CP,

RG PS

Acer buergeranum Trident Maple 75 100 125 SS, CP

Acer ginnala Amur Maple 75 100 125 RG, SS,

U, CP PS

Amelanchier arborea Downey Serviceberry 75 100 125 N,U, RG PS, WS,

SH I

Amelanchier laevis Allegheny Serviceberry 75 100 125 N PS

Asimina triloba Paw Paw 75 100 125 RG, N WS T

Carpinus caroliniana American Hornbeam 75 100 125 N, RG WS, PS,

SH T, D

Cercis canadensis Redbud 75 100 125 N,U, RG SL, DR,

SH, PS D

Chionanthus virginicus Fringetree 75 100 125 RG, N,U PS

Cornus alternifolia Pagoda Dogwood 75 100 125 N T, D

Cornus florida Flowering Dogwood 75 100 125 N,U, RG PS, SH D, I

Crataegus crus-gali ‘inermis’ Thornless Cockspur Hawthorn 75 100 125 SS, CP


TS - 9




AT PLANTING

U

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PR

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MS

1” 2” 3”

Crataegus phaenopyrum Washington Hawthorn 75 100 125 N, U SL, DR D

Crataegus viridus ‘Winter King’ ‘Winter King Hawthorn 75 100 125 CP, SS,

RG DR

Cyrilla racemiflora Swamp Cyrilla 75 100 125 N

Euonymus atropurpureus Eastern Wahoo 75 100 125 N, RG

Franklin alatamaha Franklinia 75 100 125 N, RG PS T

Halesia carolina (H. tetraptera) Carolina Silverbell 75 100 125 N, RG PS, SH

Halesia diptera Two-winged Silverbell 75 100 125 N

Japanese Crape Myrtle Lagerstroemia fauriei 75 100 125 SS

Magnolia soulangiana Saucer Magnolia 75 100 125 RG, MS AP

Magnolia virginiana Sweetbay Magnolia 75 100 125 N,U, RG WS, PS

Parrotia persica Persian Parrotia 75 100 125 SS, CP

Prunus x incam ‘Okame’ Okame Cherry 75 100 125 U,CP D, I

Prunus sargentii Sargent Cherry 75 100 125 CP, MS

Prunus virginiana Choke Cherry 75 100 125 N D, I


TS - 10




AT PLANTING

U

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S

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OC

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PR

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MS

1” 2” 3”

Quercus marilandica Blackjack Oak 75 100 125 N T

Quercus myrsinifolia Chinese Evergreen Oak 75 100 125 CP, SS

Rhamnus caroliniana Carolina Buckthorn 75 100 125 N

Sassafras albidum Sassafras 75 100 125 N, RG S, PS, W T

MEDIUM DECIDUOUS TREES

Acer campestre Hedge Maple 125 150 175 RG, MS,

U, CP AP, DR

Aesculus flava Yellow Horsechestnut 125 150 175 N, MS

Aesculus hippocastanum Horsechestnut 125 150 175 RZ, SL,

IS D, I

Betula lenta Black Birch 125 150 175 N, RG WS

Betula nigra River Birch 125 150 175 M, CP,

MS, RG WS

Carpinus betulus European Hornbeam 125 150 175 MS, CP,

S SL, AP,

PS

Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory 125 150 175 N T

Carya glabra Pignut Hickory 125 150 175 N T

Carya laciniosa Shellbark Hickory 125 150 175 N T

Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory 25 150 175 N T

Carya tomentosa Mockernut Hickory 125 150 175 N T


TS - 11




AT PLANTING

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MS

1” 2” 3”

Castanea mollissima Chinese Chestnut 125 150 175 F, D

Celtis occidentalis Hackberry 125 150 175 N, MS,

P, RG WS, DR

Cercidiphyllum japonicum Katsura Tree 125 150 175 MS, RG PS T

Cladrastis kentuckea Yellowwood 125 150 175 N, P,

MS, RG W

Corylus colurna Turkish Filbert 125 150 175 P, MS

Diospyros virginiana Persimmon 125 150 175 N, RG DR, PS F, T

Ginkgo biloba (MALE ONLY) Ginkgo, Maidenhair Tree 125 150 175 P, LS RZ, AP,

DR T

Gymnocladus diocus Kentucky Coffeetree 125 150 175 P SL, WS,

DR, IS

Juglans cinerea Butternut 125 150 175 N T

Koelreuteria paniculata Goldenrain Tree 125 150 175 RG, MS SL, DR,

AP W

Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum 125 150 175 N, MS,

RG S, WS,

SH F

Magnolia macrophylla Bigleaf Magnolia 125 150 175 N T

Metasequoia glyptostroboides Dawn Redwood 125 150 175 CP, LS,

RG AP, WS

Nyssa sylvatica Black Gum, Tupelo 125 150 175 N, MS,

P, RG PS, WS T

Pistacia chinensis Chinese Pistache 125 150 175 MS, P

Prunus serrulata ‘Kwanzan” Kwanzan Cherry 125 150 175 U, MS AP W, D, I


TS - 12




AT PLANTING

U

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MS

1” 2” 3”

Prunus subhirtella ‘Pendula’ Weeping Japanese Cherry 125 150 175 D, I

Prunus x yedoensis Yoshino Cherry 125 150 175 RG, CP D, I

Quercus acutissima Sawtooth Oak 125 150 175 P, MS

Quercus hemisphaerica Laurel Oak 125 150 175 N, MS WS T

Quercus lyrata Overcup Oak 125 150 175 N, MS T

Quercus muehlenbergii Chinkapin Oak 125 150 175 N, LS,

RG T

Quercus nigra Water Oak 125 150 175 N, RG SH, WS T, W

Quercus robur English Oak ‘Fastigiata’ 125 150 175 P, MS SL

Quercus stellata Post Oak 125 150 175 N, RG,

LS T

Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust 125 150 175 N SL, DR D, I

Salix nigra Black Willow 125 150 175 N, RG WS D, I

Sophora japonica Japanese Pagoda Tree 125 150 175 P, LS AP, DR F, D

Taxodium ascendens Pondcypress 125 150 175 N, P

Taxodium distichum Bald Cypress 125 150 175 N, LS,

RG WS, PS R

Tilia americana American Linden 125 150 175 N, RG WS

Tilia cordata Littleleaf Linden 125 150 175 P, LS I


TS - 13




AT PLANTING

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MS

1” 2” 3” Tilia tomentosa Silver Linden 125 150 175 P, LS I

Ulmus parvifolia Lacebark Elm 125 150 175 P, MS,

RG SL I, R, W

LARGE DECIDUOUS TREES

Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Maple 150 200 250 P, LS PS, IS, I

Acer rubrum Red Maple 150 200 250 N, P, LS,

RG PS, IS,

WS R, W

Acer saccharum Sugar Maple 150 200 250 LS PS

Carya illinoinensis Pecan 150 200 250 WS T, D, I

Celtis laevigata Sugar Hackberry 150 200 250 N, LS WS

Eucommia ulmoides Hardy Rubbertree 150 200 250 P

Fagus grandifolia American Beech 150 200 250 N PS T, R

Fagus sylvatica European Beech 150 200 250 PS R

Gleditia triacanthos inermis Thornless Honeylocust 150 200 250 N, P,

RG, MS RZ, SL, IS, WS D, I, W

Juglans nigra Black Walnut 150 200 250 N WS F, T

Liriodendron tulipfera Tulip Poplar

150 200 250 N, RG AP, WS W


TS - 14




AT PLANTING

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MS

1” 2” 3”

Maclura pomifera Osage-Orange 150 200 250 DR, WS

AP F, R

Magnolia acuminata Cucumber Tree 150 200 250 RG WS T

Phellodendron amurense Amur Corktree 150 200 250 P AP

Platanus x. acerfolia London Planetree

150 200 250 P, LS AP R

Platanus occidentalis Sycamore 150 200 250 N, RG WS R, D, I

Quercus alba White Oak 150 200 250 N IS T

Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak 150 200 250 N, P, LS,

RG SL, IS,

WS, DR T

Quercus coccinea Scarlet Oak 150 200 250 N, LS

RG SL, DR

Quercus falcata Southern Red Oak 150 200 250 N, P RG, DR, IS T

Quercus falcata var. pagodifolia Cherrybark Oak 150 200 250 N, RG T

Quercus imbricaria Shingle Oak 150 200 250 N, RG,

LS DR T

Quercus michauxii Swamp Chestnut Oak 150 200 250 N, P, LS,

RG

Quercus palustris Pin Oak 150 200 250 N, P, S,

RG WS, DR

Quercus phellos Willow Oak 150 200 250 N, P, S,

RG WS, DR T

Quercus prinus Chestnut Oak 150 200 250 N DR, SL T

Quercus rubra Northern Red Oak 150 200 250 RG,

N,P,LS SL, DR,

IS


TS - 15




AT PLANTING

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1” 2” 3”

Quercus velutina Black Oak 150 200 250 N T

Salix babylonica Weeping Willow 150 200 250 RG WS W, D, I

Salix matsudana 'Tortuosa' Corkscrew Willow 150 200 250 WS W, D, I

Ulmus Americana: 'Princeton', 'Valley Forge', 'New Harmony' American Elm

150 200 250 N, LS, P WS D. I

Ulmus hollandica 'Groenveldt' Groenveldt Elm 150 200 250 LS DR I

Zelkova serrata Japanese Zelkova 150 200 250 P, LS,

RG AP, DR


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PROJECTED 10 – YR TREE COVER IN ft² BY

CALIPER OR HEIGHT AT PLANTING

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6-7’ 7-8’ 8-10’

COMPACT EVERGREEN TREES

Abies fraseri Frasier Fir 75 100 125 N PS

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Lawson False Cypress 40 50 75 PS

Chamaecyparis obtusa Hinoki False Cypress 40 50 75 RG

Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Plumosa' Plume Sawara False Cypress 40 50 75

Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlantic White Cedar 40 50 75 N, RG WS

Ilex aquifolia English Holly 40 50 75 U PS, SH T

Ilex X attenuata 'Fosteri' Foster's Holly 40 50 75 RG, U PS, SH

Ilex vomitoria Yaupon 40 50 75 N WS

Juniperus chinensis Chinese Juniper (Columnar varieties)

40 50 75 U, CP DR I

Juniperus scopulorum Rocky Mountain Juniper 40 50 75 DR I

Calocedrus decurrens Incense Cedar 40 50 75 WS

Taxus baccata 'Fastigata' Upright Irish Yew 40 50 75 D

Taxus cuspidata 'Capitata' Pyramidal Japanese Yew 40 50 75

Thuja occidentalis American Arborvitae 40 50 75 N, CP,

RG PS I


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6-7’ 7-8’ 8-10’

Thuja orientalis Columnar Oriental Arborvitae

40 50 75 CP PS, SH I

SMALL EVERGREEN TREES

Cryptomeria japonica Japanese Cryptomeria 75 100 125 CP, RG IS

Cupressocyparis leylandi Leyland Cypress 75 100 125 U, RG,

CP IS

Ilex opaca American Holly 75 100 125 N, RG, U PS, SH,

IS, WS T

Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar 75 100 125 N, CP,

RG DR, AP

Osmanthus americana Devilwood 75 100 125 N, RG PS, WS

Picea glauca White Spruce 75 100 125 DR I

Picea omorika Serbian Spruce 75 100 125 RG, CP I

Picea pugens Colorado Blue Spruce 75 100 125 D, I

Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas Fir 75 100 125 RG I

Tsuga caroliniana Carolina Hemlock 75 100 125 N PS, SH I

MEDIUM EVERGREEN TREES Cedrus atlantica Atlas Cedar 125 150 175 RG T

Cedrus deodora Deodar Cedar 125 150 175 RG T

Cunninghamia lanceolata China Fir 125 150 175


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6-7’ 7-8’ 8-10’

Picea abies Norway Spruce 125 150 175 PS

Pinus bungeana Lace-Bark Pine 125 150 175

Pinus echinata Shortleaf Pine 125 150 175 N, RG PS T

Pinus virginiana Virginia Pine 125 150 175 N, CP DR

Tsuga canadensis Canadian Hemlock 125 150 175 N PS, SH I

LARGE EVERGREEN TREES Magnolia grandiflora Southern Magnolia 150 200 250 RG PS, WS W

Pinus rigida Pitch Pine 150 200 250 N, CP DR

Pinus sylvestris Scotch Pine 150 200 250 D

Pinus taeda Loblolly Pine 150 200 250 N, CP,

RG

NOTE: Size categories based on 10-yr crown spread, not mature height or spread.


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TABLE I – 2 – S SHRUB SELECTION GUIDE


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COMMENTS

Height Width

DECIDUOUS SHRUBS

Aesculus parviflora Bottlebrush Buckeye 8-12' RG, PS N; Full sun; moist, well

drained soils Alnus serrulata Tag Alder 12–20’ WS

RG; large suckering shrub; birds, waterfowl, small mammals

Amelanchier canadensis Shadblow Serviceberry 6-20' RG, WS N; full sun

Aronia arbutifolia Red Chokeberry 6'-10' 3'-5' RG, PS, SL,

WS D, I N; suckers to form colony

Aronia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry 3'-10' RG, PS, WS D, I N; Forms large colonies

Aucuba japonica 'Variegata' Gold-Dust Plant 6'-10' 5'-8' SH Requires male for berries

Buxus microphylla Boxwood 3'-4' 3'-4' PS D, I

Callicarpa americana American Beautyberry

3-8' PS, RG N

Calycanthus floridus Sweetbush / Carolina Allspice 6'-9' 6'-12' RG, PS N

Camellia japonica Japanese Camellia 10'-15' 6'-10' PS D, I

Caryopteris x clandonensis Blue-Mist Shrub 3'-4' 3'-4' PS Almost herbaceous, cut back

in winter Ceanothus americanus New Jersey Tea 3’-4’ 3’-5’ PS, SH T N

Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush 3'-6' 5'-10' RG, PS, WS N

Clethra alnifolia Summersweet 4'-8' 4'-6' RG, PS, WS I N

Cornus amomum Silky Dogwood 6'-10' 6'-10' RG, PS, WS I N

Cornus sericea Redosier Dogwood 7'-9' 6'-10' RG, WS D, I N; Forms large colonies

Cotinus coggygria Smokebush 10'-15' 10'-15' DR D


TS - 20



MATURE SIZE

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COMMENTS

Height Width

DECIDUOUS SHRUBS

Corylus americana American Filbert 8'-10' 5'-7' PS N; Best in Naturalized

Settings Deutzia gracilis Deutzia 2'-4' 3'-4' D, I

Euonymus americanus

American Strawberry Bush 4'-6' SH D, I N; Suckers to form colony

Euonymus japonicus Japanese Euonymus 10'-15' 5'-8' PS, IS D, I

Fothergilla major Fothergillia 6'-10' 5'-8' Suckers to form colony

Gaylussacia spp. Huckleberries 6"-18" PS Spreads indefinitely

Hamamelis virginiana Virginia Witchhazel

15'-20' 15'-20' PS, RG N; Don't use near birch trees

Hibiscus syriacus Rose of Sharon 8'-12' 6'-10' RG, PS D, I

Hydrangea macrophylla Bigleaf Hydrangea 3'-6' 3'-6' PS D, I

Hydrangea quercifolia Oakleaf Hydrangea 4'-6' 4'-6' RG, PS N

Hypericum calycinum St. John’s Wort 1-1 ½’ 1½ - 2’ RG, PS Ground cover

Hypericum prolificum Shrubby St. John's Wort 1'-4' 1'-4' RG, PS D N

Illicium parvifolium Anise 8-10' RG, PS

Ilex decidua Possumhaw 9-18' RG, WS, PS N; full sun, acidic to alkaline

soil Ilex laevigata Smooth Winterberry 6'-10' 6'-10' PS, WS D Ilex verticillata Winterberry Holly 6'-10' 6'-10' RG, PS, WS D N; Bird Food


TS - 21



MATURE SIZE

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COMMENTS

Height Width

DECIDUOUS SHRUBS

Itea virginica Virginia Sweetspire 3’-5’ 6’-10’

RG, PS, SH, SW, DR N; Summer Flowering, Fragrant

Kerria japonica Japanese Kerria 3'-6' 6'-9' SH D Suckers to form colony Lindera benzoin Spicebush 6'-12' 6'-12' RG, PS R, T N Leucothoe fontanesia Drooping Leucothoe 3’-6’ 3’-6’ PS, SH D

Sensitive to site, drought intolerant

Leucothoe racemosa Fetterbush 4-6' RG, PS N; moist, acid soils Morella pensylvanica Northern Bayberry 6'-9' 6'-9' PS

N; Suckers to form colony, Bird Food

Osmanthus heterophyllus Falseholly or Tea-Olive 8'-10' 6'-9' PS Rhododendron arborescens Sweet Azalea 8'-20' 8'-20' PS N Rhododendron viscosum Swamp Azalea 1'-8' 3'-8' RG, SH,WS N Rhus typhina Staghorn Sumac 15'-25' 15'-25' DR D, I N; Suckers profusely Rosa palustris Swamp Rose 3-6' RG, PS N; full sun, moist, acidic soils

Sambucus canadensis American Elder 5'-12' 5'-12' RG, WS D, I N; Suckers to form colony Spiraea japonica Japanese Spirea 4'-5' 4'-5' PS

Spiraea prunifolia Bridalwreath Spirea 4'-9' 6'-8' PS Spiraea tomentosa Steeple Bush 2'-4' RG, WS Suckers to form colony Spiraea x vanhouttei Vanhoutte Spirea 6'-8’ 10'-12' PS

Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush Blueberry 6'-12' 8'-12' RG, WS, PS D, I N; Food Source

Viburnum opulus European Cranberry 8'-12' 10'-15' RG, PS, WS I

Viburnum acerifolium Mapleleaf Viburnum 4'-6' 3'-4' PS, SH, DR N; Best in Naturalized Settings

Viburnum carlesii Koreanspice Viburnum 10’ 6’-8’ PS Fragrant


TS - 22



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DECIDUOUS SHRUBS

Viburnum cassinoides Witherod Viburnum 5’-10’ 5’-6’ RG N; Excellent Fruit,

Naturalizing, Massing Viburnum dentatum Arrowwood Viburnum 15’ 6’-8’ RG, S, PS N; Good in hedges, borders,

naturalizing Viburnum lentago Nannyberry Viburnum 15’-25’ 8’-10’ RG, PS, SH D N; Naturalizing, Wildlife

Food Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum Doublefile Viburnum

8’-10’ 9’-12’ Intolerant of heavy clay & poor drainage

Viburnum prunifolium Blackhaw Viburnum 12'-15' 8'-12' PS N

EVERGREEN SHRUBS

Aucuba japonica 'Variegata' Gold-Dust Plant 6'-10' 5'-8' SH D Requires male for berries

Buxus microphylla 'Green Beauty' Green Beauty Boxwood 3'-4' 3'-4' PS D, I

Camellia japonica Japanese Camellia 10'-15' 6'-10' PS D, I

Cephalotaxus harringtonia 'Prostrata' Prostrate Japanese Plum Yew

5'-10' 5'-10' PS, DR

Euonymus kiautschovicus 'Manhattan' Manhattan Euonymus

4'-6' 4'-6' PS D, I

Ilex aquipernyi 'Meschick' Dragon Lady Holly

12'-15' 6'-8' PS

Ilex cornuta 'Burfordii' Burford Holly

10'-20' 10'-12' PS, DR I

Ilex crenata Japanese Holly

5'-10' 5'-10' PS D, I

Ilex glabra Inkberry Holly

6'-8' 8'-10' RG, PS, WS Evergreen

Ilex x 'Nelly R. Stevens' Nelly Stevens Holly

15'-25' 8'-10' PS


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EVERGREEN SHRUBS Kalmia angustifolia Sheep Laurel 1'-3' 2'-3' PS Poisonous foliage

Kalmia latifolia Mountain Laurel 7'-15' 7'-15' PS D, I N

Mahonia aquifolium Oregon Grapeholly 3'-6' 3'-5' SH D, I Suckers to form colony

Cephalotaxus harringtonia 'Prostrata' Prostrate Japanese Plum Yew

5'-10' 5'-10' PS, DR

Osmanthus americana Devilwood 15-25' RG, PS,

WS, DR N

Osmanthus heterophyllus Falseholly or Tea-Olive 8'-10' 6'-8' PS

Pieris japonica Japanese Pieris 9'-12' 6'-8' PS D, I

Rhododendron catawbiense Catawba Rhododendron 6'-10' 5'-8' PS N; Do not plant in full sun

Rhododendron maximum Rosebay Rhododendron 4'-15' 4'-15' SH N

Rhododendron spp. Azalea 4'-9' 3'-8' PS D, I Skimma japonica Japanese Skimma 3'-4' 3'-4' SH I Taxus x media Yew 3'-20' 3'-8' SH D, I Viburnum rhytidophyllum Leatherleaf Viburnum 10'-15' 10'-15' SH


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TABLE I – 2 – P PERENNIAL SELECTION GUIDE


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Acanthus spinosus Acanthus/Bear's Breeches 1’-2' Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Achillea filipendula Yarrow 2’-3’ DR, SL Full sun, butterfly, beneficial bugs,

fragrant Achillea millefolium Yarrow 2’-3’ DR, SL Full sun, butterfly, beneficial bugs,

fragrant Aegopodium podagraria ‘Variegatum' Bishopsweed 1’ PS, SH

Full sun; tolerant of most landscape conditions; butterfly, beneficial insects, ground cover

Agapanthus Nile Lily 2’-3’ Full sun, butterfly, hummingbirds

Ajania pacifica Chrysanthemum 1’-2’ Full sun, butterfly, beneficial bugs, ground

cover Ajuga reptans Bugleweed 3-6" PS, SH,

WS RG Ground cover; tolerates a variety of soils; full sun

Allium spp. Ornamental Onion 1’-2’ Tolerant of most landscape conditions

Amsonia hubrectii Willow Blue Star 2’-3’ PS

Full sun, tolerant of most landscape conditions; butterfly, beneficials

Amsonia tabernaemontana Bluestar 2-3' WS,

DR, PS RG Full sun; ground cover; butterfly, beneficials

Anacyclus pyrethrum var. deprussus Anacyclus/Mt. Atlas Daisy 4-6" Tolerant of most landscape conditions

Anemone blanda Windflower 6-8" PS RG Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Anemone coronaria Israelian Anemone 1’ PS RG Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Anemone x hybrida Japanese anemone 2’-3’ PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Anemone hupehensis Japanese anemone 2’-3’ PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Anemone mutifida 'Rubra' Windflower 1’ PS RG Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Anemone sylvestris Snowdrop anemone 1’-1 ½’ PS RG Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Anemone tomentosa 'Robustissima' Japanese anemone 2’-3’ PS RG Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials


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Anthemis tinctoria Anthemis/ Marguerite Daisy Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Aquilegia alpina Alpine columbine 12-30" PS, SH Tolerant of most landscape conditions;

Hummingbirds Aquilegia caerulea Columbine 12-30" PS, SH Tolerant of most landscape conditions;

Hummingbirds Aquilegia canadensis Red Columbine 1-2' WS, PS RG N; tolerates variety of soils; full sun; song

birds, pollinators, hummingbirds Aquilegia chrysantha Golden Columbine 12-30" PS, SH Tolerant of most landscape conditions;

Hummingbirds Aquilegia flabellata Fan columbine 12-30" PS, SH Tolerant of most landscape conditions;

Hummingbirds Aquilegia viridiflora Columbine 12-30" PS, SH Tolerant of most landscape conditions;

Hummingbirds Aquilegia vulgaris Columbine 12-30" PS, SH Tolerant of most landscape conditions;

Hummingbirds Arabis blepharophylla 'Red Sensation' Arabis/Rock Cress

6-10" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape conditions; beneficial bugs

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Kinnikinnick/Bearberry 4-6" PS, SH N; tolerant of most landscape conditions;

groundcover Arenaria montana Arenaria/Sandwort 4-5" PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Armeria maritima Armeria/Thrift 5-18" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Armeria pseudarmeria Armeria/Thrift 5-18" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Artemisia lacinata 'Ghizhou' Artemisia/Wormwood 5' Full sun

Artemisia ludoviciana 'Valerie Finnis' Artemisia/Wormwood 15-18" Full sun

Artemisia 'Powis Castle' Artemisia/Wormwood 5-18" Full sun

Artemisia schmidtiana 'Silvermound' Artemisia/Wormwood 5-18" Full sun

Aruncus aethusifolius Aruncus/Goatsbeard 8-12" Prefers moist soil

Aruncus diocus Aruncus/Goatsbeard 30-48" Prefers moist soil


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Asarum canadense Wild Ginger 1-2' PS, SH,

WS RG N; low ground cover; not full sun

Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed 2-6' WS, PS RG N; full sun, fragrant; beneficial insects,

pollinators Asclepias tuberosa Butterflyweed 2’-3’ RG N; full sun; Butterfly

Aster amellus 'Violet Queen' Italian Aster 15-20" RG Full sun; Butterfly, beneficials

Aster divaricatus Whitewood Aster 24" RG N; Full sun; Butterfly, beneficials

Aster laterifolius 'Lady in Black' Calico Aster 36" RG Full sun; Butterfly, beneficials

Aster linosyris 18-20" RG Full sun; Butterfly, beneficials Aster nova-angliae cvs. New England Aster 36" Full sun; Butterfly, beneficials

Aster oblongifolia 'October Skies' 24-36" Full sun; Butterfly, beneficials Aster sp. 'Fanny' Fanny's Aster 24-36" Full sun; Butterfly, beneficials

Aster tataricus 'Jindai' Tatarian Daisy 3-5' Full sun; Butterfly, beneficials

Aster tongolensis 'Wartbergstern' East Indies Aster 1’-2’ Full sun; Butterfly, beneficials

Aster x dumosus cvs. Hardy Aster 12-15" Full sun; Butterfly, beneficials

Aster x frikartii cvs. Frikart's Aster 2’-3’ Full sun; Butterfly, beneficials

Aurinia saxatilis Aurinia/Basket-of-Gold 8-12" Butterfly, beneficials

Baptisia australis Baptisia/False Indigo 3’-4’

Full sun; tolerant of most landscape conditions

Baptisia leucophaea White False indigo 24-30"


Baptisia pendula White Wild Indigo 2’-3’


Begonia grandis Hardy Begonia 1-3' PS, WS RG Belmcanda chinensis Blackberry Lily 3’-4’

Full sun; tolerant of most landscape conditions; butterfly, beneficials


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Boltonia asteroides Boltonia 2’-3’


Brunnera macrophylla Siberian Bugloss 1-1.5' WS, PS RG Tolerates all but dry conditions;

groundcover Campanula glomerata Clustered Bellflower 24-30" PS

Full sun; tolerant of most landscape conditions; butterfly, beneficials, hummingbirds

Campanula latifolia Great Bellflower 4’-6’ PS Full sun

Campanula persicifolia Peachleaf Bellflower 2’-3’ PS Full sun

Campanula punctata Spotted Bellflower 1 ½-3’ PS Full sun

Canna spp. Canna Lily 3' WS RG Tolerates variety of soils, full sun Caryopteris x clandonensis Caryopteris 2’-3’ Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold ½’ - 2' WS, PS RG Good for stream banks; full sun;

hummingbirds & butterflies; poisonous Catanache caerulea Cupid's Dart 18-30" DR Full sun

Centranthus ruber Red Valerian 24-36" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficial bugs Cerastium tomentosum Snow-in-Winter 6-8" PS Full sun; butterfly, beneficial bugs; quick

spreading Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Plumbago 6-12" PS, SH RG Full sun; well drained soil; ground cover

Chelone lyonii Pink Turtlehead 2-3' WS, PS RG Not full sun Chelone obliqua Red Turtlehead 2-3' WS, PS RG N; full sun Chrysogonum virginianum Green and Gold 6-9" WS, PS RG Ground Cover; N; full sun; tolerates a variety

of soil conditions Coreopsis auriculata 'Nana' Tickseed 6-12" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape conditions;

butterfly, beneficials Coreopsis grandiflora cvs. Tickseed 18-24" Full sun; long blooming

Coreopsis lanceolata Lanceleaf Coreopsis 12-18" RG Full sun; long blooming


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Coreopsis rosea Lanceleaf Coreopsis 18-24" RG Full sun; long blooming

Coreopsis verticillata Lanceleaf Coreopsis 18-24" RG N; full sun; long blooming

Delosperma cooperi Ice Plant 2-6" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Delosperma floribumdum ‘Starburst’ Ice Plant 2-6" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Delosperma nubigenum Ice Plant 2-6" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Delphinium grandiflorum Larkspur 14-24" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Dendranthema sp. Chrysanthemum 2’-3’ Full sun; late blooming

Dianthus barbatus Sweet William 8-10" Full sun; Butterfly, beneficials,

hummingbirds Dianthus alpinus Rockery Pinks 3-6" Full sun; Butterfly, beneficials,

hummingbirds Dianthus deltoides Garden Pinks 8-12" Full sun; Butterfly, beneficials,

hummingbirds Dianthus gratianopolitanus Cheddar Pinks 6-10" Full sun; Butterfly, beneficials,

hummingbirds Dianthus plumaris Cottage Pinks 14-16" Full sun; Butterfly, beneficials,

hummingbirds Dianthus x alwoodii Garden Pinks 12" Full sun; Butterfly, beneficials,

hummingbirds Echinacea purpurea Echinacea/Coneflower 18-36" RG N; full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Echinops bannaticus 'Blue Glow' Globe Thistle 18-36" Full sun; butterfly; clumping

Echinops ritro Globe Thistle 18-36" Full sun; butterfly; clumping

Erigeron sp. Fleabane 18-30" Full sun

Eryngeum planum 'Blaukappe' Eryngium/Sea Holly 24-30" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly Eupatorium fistulosum Hollow-stem Joe Pye Weed 5-8' PS RG N; full sun; butterfly; late season bloom


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Eupatorium maculatum Joe Pye Weed 5-6' PS RG N; full sun; butterfly; late season bloom

Eupatorium rugosum 'Chocolate' Chocolate leaf snakeroot 4-5' PS RG Full sun; butterfly; late season bloom

Euphorbia amygdaloides 'Purpurea' Wood Spurge 10-12" PS RG Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Euphorbia cyparissus 'Fen's Ruby' Cushion Spurge 6-10" PS RG Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Euphorbia dulcis 'Chameleon' Purple Spurge 12" PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Euphorbia griffithii 'Fireglow' Griffith's Spurge 2’-3’ PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Euphorbia myrsinites Myrtle Euphorbia 6-9" PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Euphorbia polychroma Cushion spurge 12-18" PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Euphorbia robbiae Robb's Spurge 24" PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Gaillardia aristata 'Tokajer' Blanket Flower 8-30" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Gaillardia x grandiflora Blanket Flower 8-30" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Gaura linheimeri Gaura 18-24" PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Gazania linearis 'Colorado Gold' Gazania 8-12" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Geranium 'Brookside' Cranesbill/Hardy Geranium 10-18"


Geranium macrorrhizum Cranesbill/Hardy Geranium 15"


Geranium phaeum var. purpureum Cranesbill/Hardy Geranium 18-24"


Geranium 'Philippe Vapelle' Cranesbill/Hardy Geranium 10-12"



TS - 30



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Geranium praetense Cranesbill/Hardy Geranium 2’-3’


Geranium sanguineum Bloody Cranesbill/Geranium 6-18"


Geranium soboliferum 'Stanhoe' Cranesbill/Hardy Geranium 5-6"


Geranium x cantabrigense 'Biokovo' Cranesbill/Hardy Geranium 8-12"


Geranium x magnificum Cranesbill/Hardy Geranium 18-24"


Geranium x oxonianum 'Claridge Druce' Cranesbill/Hardy Geranium

18" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape conditions; butterfly, beneficials, hummingbirds

Goniolimon tataricum Goniolimon/German Statice 10-15"


Gypsophila cerastoides Baby's Breath 2-3" Full sun; well drained slightly alkaline soil

Gypsophila paniculata Baby's Breath 18-24" Full sun; well drained slightly alkaline soil

Gypsophila repens Creeping Baby's Breath 4-8" Full sun; well drained slightly alkaline soil

Goniolimon tataricum Goniolimon/German Statice 10-15"


Helanthus maximiliani Perennial Sunflower 3-10" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape conditions;

butterfly, beneficials Helenium autumnale Common Sneezeweed 3’-4’ Full sun; tolerant of most landscape conditions

Helianthemum cvs. Rock Rose 4-24" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape conditions;

butterfly, beneficial bugs Heliopsis helianthoides Heliopsis/False Sunflower

2’-3’ Full sun; tolerant of most landscape conditions; butterfly


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Hemerocallis spp. Daylilies 1' PS WS RG Tolerates variety of soils, full sun; see

unacceptable species list. Hedychium spp. Gingers 4-6' WS RG Tolerates variety of soils, full sun; bees,

birds, butterflies Helianthus angustifolius Swamp Sunflower 6-8' WS RG Full sun; bees, butterflies, birds

Hibiscus coccineus Scarlet Rose Mallow 4-6' WS RG N; full sun; nectar feeders and birds Hibiscus moscheutos Marsh Mallow 4-6' WS RG N; full sun; nectar feeders and birds Iberis sempervirens Candytuft 6-12" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficial bugs Iris x Louisiana Iris 2-3' WS, PS,

SH RG Hybrids of native sp; full sun; Tolerates variety of soils

Iris pseudacorus Pale Yellow Iris 2-3' WS RG N; Tolerates variety of soils, full sun

Iris versicolor Slender Blue Flag Iris 2-3' WS RG N; Tolerates variety of soils except dry,

full sun; Iris virginica Virginia Iris 2-3' WS RG N; Tolerates variety of soils except dry,

full sun Kalimeris pinnatafia 'Hortensis' Japanese Aster 2’-3’ Tolerant of most landscape conditions;

long blooming Kalimeris yomena 'Aurea' Japanese Aster 2’-3’ Tolerant of most landscape conditions;

long blooming Knautia macedonica Knautia 24" Full sun; butterfly, beneficial bugs

Kniphofia uvaria Red Hot Poker 2’-3’ Full sun; hummingbird

Lamiastrum galeobdolon Yellow Archangel 12-18" PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Lavandula angustifolia Lavender 12-36" Full sun; prefers alkaline soil; butterfly,

beneficial bugs Lavandula x intermedia Lavender 12-36" Full sun; prefers alkaline soil; butterfly,

beneficial bugs Liatris spicata Liatris/Blazing Star 2-4' RG, WS N; tolerates variety of soils- not wet soils

in winter, full sun Liatris squarrosa Gayfeather/Blazing Star 12-36" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficial bugs


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Liriope muscari Lilyturf 1-1.5' WS, PS,

SH RG Groundcover; tolerates variety of soils, full sun, evergreen

Lirope spicata Liriope/Monkey Grass 12-16" RG

Full sun; tolerant of most landscape conditions; butterfly, beneficials; ground cover

Ligularia tussilaginea Leopard Plant 1-3' WS, PS RG Tolerates variety of soils

Lithodora diffusa Lithodora 6-12" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal Flower 2-4' PS, WS RG N; tolerates variety of soils, full sun;

hummingbirds, butterflies Lobelia siphilitica Blue Lobelia 2-3' PS, WS RG N; tolerates variety of soils, full sun

Lychnis chalcedonica Lychnis /Campion 24-36" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Mazus reptans Mazus < ½’ PS, WS RG Ground cover; full sun

Mertensia virginica Virginia Bluebells 1-2' WS, PS,

SH RG N; not full sun; prefers seeps & floodplains

Mimulus ringens Monkey Flower 1-3' WS, PS RG Rich soil, full sun

Monarda didyma Beebalm 2-3' WS, PS RG Full sun; bees, hummingbirds, butterflies

Nepeta x faassenii Nepeta/Catnip 12-24" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficial bugs Nipponanthemum nipponicum Nippon Daisy 18-30" Full sun; late blooming

Oenothera bierlanderi Mexican Evening Primrose 8-12" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficial bugs Oenothera fruticosa Sundrops 18-24" N

Ophiopogon japonicus Ophiopogon/Mondo Grass 6-12" PS, SH Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; ground cover Paeonia lactiflora Paeonia / Peony 36" Powdery mildew

Pardancanda norrisii Pardancanda/Candylily 15-36" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape conditions;

butterfly, beneficial bugs Patrinia scabiosifolia Patrinia/Golden Lace 3-7" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; ground cover


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Penstemon barbatus Beardtongue 15-24" PS, WS RG Full sun; needs well drained soil; butterfly,

beneficials, hummingbirds Penstemon coccineus Beardtongue 15-18" PS, WS RG Full sun; needs well drained soil; butterfly,

beneficials, hummingbirds Penstemon digitalis Beardtongue 30-36" PS, WS RG Full sun; needs well drained soil; butterfly,

beneficials, hummingbirds Penstemon x mexicali Beardtongue 15-18" PS, WS RG Full sun; needs well drained soil; butterfly,

beneficials, hummingbirds Penstemon strictus Beardtongue 15-18" PS, WS RG Full sun; needs well drained soil; butterfly,

beneficials, hummingbirds Penstemon hybrids Beardtongue 24-36" PS, WS RG Full sun; needs well drained soil; butterfly,

beneficials, hummingbirds Perovskia atriplicifolia Russian Sage 36" DR Full sun; butterfly,beneficial bugs,

hummingbirds Persicaria filiformis Mountain Fleece Flower 24-36" PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Persicaria microcephala 'Red Dragon' Mountain Fleece Flower

24-36" PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape conditions

Phlomis tuberosa Jerusalem Sage 4-5' DR Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Phlox maculata Wild Sweet William 2’-3’ WS N; full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; Powdery mildew Phlox stolonifera Creeping Phlox 12-15" PS, SH RG N; Full sun

Phlox subulata Moss Phlox 6-10” PS RG

N; Full sun; tolerant of most landscape conditions; butterfly, beneficials; evergreen; ground cover

Phlox paniculata Garden Phlox 24-36" RG N; full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; Powdery mildew Physotegia virginiana Obedient Plant up to 4' WS, PS RG N; tolerates variety of soils, full sun;

pollinators, hummingbirds Platycodon grandiflorus Balloon Flower 8"-24"

Prunella grandiflora 'Rubra' Prunella 8-12" PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; can be invasive Pontederia cordata Pickerelweed 1-3' WS, PS RG N; full sun ; emergent


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Primula spp. Primroses 4-6" WS, PS RG Tolerates variety of soils; full sun Pulmonaria spp. Lungwort 1-1.5' WS, SH RG Tolerates dry sites Rubus pentalobus (calycinoides) Creeping Bramble 6-12" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; ground cover Rudbeckia fulgida Black-eyed Susan 20-24" N; Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Rudbeckia hirta Blackeyed Susan 2-3' WS RG N; Tolerates variety of soils, full sun; bees,

butterflies, insects, birds Rudbeckia lacinata 'Goldquelle' Cutleaf Coneflower 36" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Rudbeckia maxima Giant coneflower 6' Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Rudbeckia nitida 'Herbstonne' Autumn Sun Rudbeckia 4-5' Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Rudbeckia triloba Three lobed coneflower 2’-3’ Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Salvia greggii Texas sage 30-36" PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Salvia koyame Japanese Yellow Sage 24-36" PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Salvia lyrata Sage 12-18" PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Salvia nemorosa Meadow Sage 18-24" PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Santolina virens Santolina 12-18" PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Santolina chamaecyparissus Lavender cotton 12-18" PS Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Saururus cernuus Lizard Tail 1.5-3' RG,

WS, PS N; wet soils only; food for ducks

Scabiosa caucasica Pincushion Flower 18-24" Full sun; prefers slightly alkaline soil;

butterfly, beneficial bugs Scabiosa columbaria Pincushion Flower 12-15" Full sun; prefers slightly alkaline soil;

butterfly, beneficial bugs Sedum acre Sedum 6"-24" DR Full sun


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Sedum album Biting stonecrop 2-4" DR Full sun

Sedum floriferum Trailing stonecrop 6-8" DR Full sun

Sedum 'John Creech' Stonecrop 6-8" DR Full sun

Sedum kamtschaticum Kamtschatka stonecrop 6-8" DR Full sun

Sedum rupestre Sedum 6-8" DR Full sun

Sedum sarmentosum Stonecrop 6-8" DR Full sun

Sedum sieboldii October Daphne 6-8" DR Full sun

Sedum spurium Stonecrop 6-8" DR Full sun

Sedum spectabile cvs. Stonecrop 18-24" DR Full sun

Silene schafta Silene/Campion 2-10" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Sisyrinchium angustifolium Blue-Eyed Grass 6-20" N; full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Solidago flexicaulis Goldenrod 1-3' RG, PS,

WS Tolerates variety of soils, full sun; Wildlife: butterflies

Solidago 'Golden Baby' Goldenrod 20" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficial bugs Solidago 'Golden Fleece' Goldenrod 18" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficial bugs Solidago 'Laurin' Goldenrod 1’ Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficial bugs Solidago ohiensis Goldenrod 2’ Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficial bugs Solidago rugosa 'Fireworks' Rough-stemmed Goldenrod 3’-4’ Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficial bugs Stachys byzantina Lamb's ear 12-18" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Stachys officinalis Wood betony 24" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions


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Stokesia laevis Stokes' Aster 14-48" DR Full sun

Tanacetum coccineum Tanacetum/Painted Daisy 24-32" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Tiarella cordifolia Foamflower ½’-1' WS, PS,

SH RG N; ground cover; tolerates a variety of soil conditions

Tradescantia x andersonia Spiderwort 15-30" PS, WS RG Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, beneficials Verbena canadensis 'Homestead Purple' Verbena

6-10" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape conditions; butterfly, beneficials, hummingbirds

Verbena bonariensis Brazilian verbena 18-36" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; butterfly, hummingbirds Veronica alpina 'Alba' Alpine Speedwell 10" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; ground cover Veronica austriaca 'Crater Lake Blue' Speedwell 15" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Veronica gentianoides Gentian Speedwell 8-18" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; ground cover Veronica 'Goodness Grows' Spike Speedwell 12" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; ground cover Veronica longifolia 'Icicle' Spike Speedwell 18-24" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Veronica peduncularis Speedwell 3" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; ground cover Veronica prostrata 'Rosea' Harebell Speedwell 6-8" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; ground cover Veronica repens Creeping Speedwell 1-4" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; ground cover Veronica spicata Spike Speedwell 8-10" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; ground cover Veronica 'Sunny Border Blue' Speedwell 18-20" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions Veronica 'Waterperry' Speedwell 4-6" Full sun; tolerant of most landscape

conditions; ground cover Vernonia noveboracensis Ironweed 3-7' WS RG N; tolerates variety of soils, full sun; bees,

butterflies, beneficial insects Zephyranthes spp. Rain Lilies .5-1' WS,

DR, PS RG Tolerates variety of soils; full sun


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TABLE I – 2 – G ORNAMENTAL GRASSES SELECTION GUIDE


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Achnatherum calamagrostis Silver Spike Grass 2’-2.5' Full sun Needs well drained soil, Panicles

June-Fall Alopecurus pratensis Foxtail Grass

1' RG, WS,

PS Full sun

Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem 2’-6' DR; PS Full sun Erosion control; May become

invasive if not property managed Andropogon glomeratus Bushy Beardgrass 2’-4’ WS

Full sun to light shade

Native; Upright, Retains fall color into winter

Andropogon virginicus Broomsedge 1’-3' RG, DR,

WS Full sun Native; Grows in tufts, reddish fall color; wildlife food/cover

Arrhenatherum elatius Tall Oats Grass 1’-2' DR, PS Full sun Best in spring & fall, cut back in

summer Bouteloua gracilis Mosquito Grass

1.5-2' DR Full sun Blooms mid-late summer; early fall

Calamagrostis x acutiflora Feather Reed Grass 3’-4' RG, DR,

SL, PS Full sun Won't self seed

Carex morrowii 'Aurea Variegata' 1’-1.5' PS Full sun Acidic rich soil, Evergreen; Cluster grass

Deschampsia caespitosa Tufted Hair Grass 1.5-2' PS Full sun Four seasons of interest;

evergreen Elymus hystrix Bottlebrush Grass 2’-5’ PS; SH Native

Festuca amethystina Large Blue Fescue

1-1.5' DR, PS Full sun Heat tolerant, narrow green foliage

Festuca mairei Atlas Fescue

3-3.5' DR Full sun Heat tolerant once established, evergreen

Festuca ovina Blue Fescue 0.5-1' Full sun Well drained soil, silvery blue

foliage Helictotrichon sempervirens 1.5-2' PS, SL Full sun Powder blue foliage, spiky Imperata cylindrica Japanese Blood Grass 1-1.5' PS Well drained soil; red color

during whole growing season Koeleria macrantha Prairie June Grass 1' SL Full sun Green flattened flower heads

Molinia litorialis Tall Purple Moor Grass

2’-3' SL Full sun Summer flowers; variegated foliage


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TABLE I – 2 – G ORNAMENTAL GRASSES SELECTION GUIDE


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Ophiopogon planiscarpus 'Ebkinzam' Black Mondo Grass 1' PS Full sun Prefers rich soils, summer pink

bloom color Panicum virgatum 'Dallas Blue', 'Heavy Metal', 'Hanse Herms' 'Prairie Sky' 'Rehbraun'

3’-6’ SL Full sun Native, Red/purple flowers

Pennisetum alopecuroides Chinese Fountain Grass 3’-4’ Full sun Flowers August - October

fertile soil; adequate moisture Pennisetum japonicum 3’-4’ DR, SL Full sun Bottle brush type flowers;

summer to fall Pennisetum villosum Feather Top 1’-3’ PS Full sun

Needs fertile soil, adequate moisture; spikes light green to tawny with age

Phalaris arundinacea Ribbon Grass 2’-3’ DR, PS Full sun Moderate drought tolerance,

interest whole growing season Saccharum ravennae Ravannae Grass .5-1.5' Full sun Blooms fall; bronze color in

winter, well drained soils Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem 1.5-4’ SL Full sun Winter interest; wildlife cover

Sorghastrum nutans 'Sioux Blue' 3’-5’ SL Full sun Blooms August with good winter color

Spartina cynosuroides Big Cordgrass To 8’ WS Full sun Wetland obligate; Saltwater

tolerant Spodiopogon sibericus 3’-4’ PS Not drought tolerant,

Red/burgundy fall color, Themeda triandra japonica Japanese Themeda 2’-3’ DR, SL,

PS Full sun Summer flowers; maroon colored flowers

Tripsacum dactyloides Eastern Gama Grass To 8’ WS Full sun Requires careful site selection,

cultivation and management


TS - 39

TABLE I-3 Plants Not Acceptable for General Use

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME CODE TREES Acer negundo Boxelder D, L, W, R Acer platanoides Norway Maple R Acer saccharinum Silver Maple D, I, W, R Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven W, NI Albizzia julibrissin Mimosa D, W, NI Betula papyrifera Paper Birch D, I Betula pendula European White Birch D, I, W Betula populifolia Gray Birch D, I

Broussonetia papyrifera Paper Mulberry NI Gingko biloba Female Ginkgo F Gledistsia triacanthos Thorny Honeylocust I, Thorns Maclura pomifera Osage Orange F, Thorns

Melia azedarach Chinaberry tree NI Morus spp. Mulberry W, F, NI Pauwlonia tomentosa Empress Tree W, F Pinus strobus White Pine D, W Populus deltoids Eastern Cottonwood W Populus spp. Poplar D, W, R Prunus serotina Black Cherry D, I Pyrus calleryana Callery Pear W, NI Quercus acutissima Sawtooth Oak NI Salix spp. Willows W, R Sorbus spp. (except S. alnifolia) Mountain Ash D, I

Triadica sebifera Tallowtree, Popcorntree NI Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm W

SHRUBS Azalea - Japanese cultivars Japanese Azalea D, I

Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberrry NI Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive NI Eleagnus umbellatus Autumn Olive NI

Euonymus alata Burning Bush NI Ligustrum (all species) Privet NI


TS - 40

Lonicera maackii; L. x bella; L. xylosteum; L. fragrantissima; L. tatarica Bush honeysuckles

NI

Nanadina domestica Sacred bamboo; Nandina NI Pieris japonica Andromeda I Pyracantha. coccinea Scarlet Firethorn NI, I Pyracantha angustifolia Narrow-leaf Firethorn NI

Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose NI Rosa rugosa Rugosa Rose NI

Spiraea japonica Japanese Spiraea NI

GRASSES Bambusa, Phyllostachys and Pseudosasa sp Bamboo NI

Microstegium vimineum Japanese Stiltgrass NI

Miscanthus sinensis Chinese Silver grass NI

Phragmites australis Comon Reed NI Phalaris arundinacea Ribbon Grass NI Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese Knotweed NI

PERENNIALS

Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard NI Hemerocallis fulva Common Daylily NI Iris pseudoacorus Water Iris NI

Lespedeza bicolor Shrubby Lespedeza NI

Lespedeza cuneata Chinese Lespedeza NI Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife NI

Rannunculus ficaria Lesser Celadine NI

Rubus phoenicolasius Wineberry NI

VINES

Akebia quinata Five-leaved Akebia NI

Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Porcelainberry NI

Celastrus orbiculatus Oriental Bittersweet NI

Euonymus fortunei Creeping Euonymus NI

Hedera helix English Ivy NI

Pueraria montana Kudzu NI

Wisteria floribunda Japanese Wisteria NI

Wisteria sinensis Chinese Wisteria NI

Adopted February 11, 2014 Effective April 12, 2014

Table I-4

Minimum Spacing Requirements for Landscaping *

Plant Category Minimum Spacing Between Trees of the Same Category

Compact Deciduous 10 ft

Small Deciduous 10 ft

Medium Deciduous 20 ft

Large Deciduous 30 ft.

Compact Evergreen 10 ft.

Small Evergreen 10 ft.

Medium Evergreen 15 ft

Large Evergreen 20 ft

* Minor variation in spacing may be allowed with approval of the Director of Public Works, or designee.

TABLE I-5 Minimum Planting Area

Tree Category Minimum Width Minimum Planting surface area

Large deciduous or evergreen tree 8 ft 150 sf

Medium deciduous or evergreen tree 8 ft 150 sf

Small deciduous or evergreen tree 6 ft 60 sf

Compact deciduous or evergreen tree 6ft 40 sf

Shrub 4 ft 20 sf


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TABLE II

PLANT SELECTION GUIDE FOR STORM WATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIES Botanical Name Common Name Wildlife Wetland

Status Flood Tol. Comment

LARGE DECIDUOUS TREES

Acer rubarum Red maple High FAC Yes Rapid Growth

Celtis laevigata Sugar Hackberry FACW

Fagus grandiflora American Beech High FACU No Prefers shade; well

drained Juglans nigra Black Walnut High FACU

Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum Moderate FAC Yes Tolerates acid or clay

soils Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Tree Moderate No Rapid growth

Platanus occidentalis Sycamore Low FACW Yes Rapid growth

Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood FACW Rapid growth

Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak High OBL Yes

Quercus falcatae Southern Red Oak High FACW Yes

Quercus michauxii Swamp Chestnut Oak High FACW

Quercus palustris Pin Oak High FACW No

Quercus phellos Willow Oak


Asimina triloba Paw Paw Moderate FACU+

Betula nigra River Birch Low FACW Yes Stream bank

stabilizer Carpinus carolinian American Hornbeam FACU

Carya cordiformis Bitternut hickory High FACU+


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TABLE II




Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory High FACU-

Diospyros virginiana Persimmon Moderate FAC- No Needs full sun

Metasequoia glyptostroboidies Dawn Redwood

Nyssa sylvatica Black Gum High FAC Yes

Salix alba White Willow FACW Yes

Salix babylonica Weeping Willow FACW- Yes

Salix nigra Black Willow Low FACW+ Yes Streambanks

Taxodium distichum Bald Cypress Moderate FACW+ Yes Prefers sun

Alnus glutinosa Black Alder FACW Yes Rapid growth;

Streambanks Alnus serrulata Common Alder OBL

Amelanchier canadensis Serviceberry High FAC Yes Prefers shade;

Understory Chionanthus virginicus Fringe Tree FAC+

Crataegus spp. Hawthorns High FACU

Magnolia virginiana Sweetbay Magnolia Low FACW+ Yes Semi-evergreen

Prefers some shade Morus alba White Mulberry Moderate FACU

Prunus serotina Black Cherry High FACU

Prunus virginiana Purple Chokecherry High FACU No


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TABLE II




Sorbus aucuparia European Mountain Ash FACU

EVERGREEN TREES

Chaemaecyparis spp. Cover OBL No

Cryptomeria japonica Japanese Cryptomeria

Ilex opaca American Holly Food FAC Infre-

quent Plant 1 male, 10 females

Juniperus virginia Eastern Red Cedar Food FACU No

Magnolia virginiana Sweetbay Magnolia Low FACW+ Yes Semi-evergreen,

Prefers some shade Pinus virginiana Virginia Pine High FAC- Some

Thuja occidentalis Eastern Arborvitae Cover FACW No

DECIDUOUS SHRUBS

Aronia arbutifolia Red Chokeberry Moderate FACW Yes

Aronia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry FAC

Calycanthus floridas Sweet Shrub

Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush High OBL Yes

Clethra alnifolia Sweet Pepperbush FAC+ Yes

Cornus amomum Silky Dogwood Moderate FACW Yes Shade; drought

tolerant Eunonymous americanus American Strawberrybush Moderate FACU No


TS - 45

TABLE II



DECIDUOUS SHRUBS

Gaylussacia spp. Huckleberries High FAC

Hammamelis virginiana Witch Hazel Low FAC- No

Ilex laevigata Smooth Winterberry Moderate OBL No

Ilex verticillata Common Winterberry High FACW

Lindera benzoin Spice Bush Moderate FACW No

Morella pennsylvanica Northern Bayberry High FAC

Prunus virginiana Purple Chokecherry High FACU No

Rhododendron arborescens Smooth Azalea FAC

Rhododendron maximum Rosebay Rhododendron FAC

Rhododendron viscosum Swamp Azalea Low OBL Yes

Rhus typhina Staghorn Sumac Moderate

Rosa palustris Swamp Rose OBL

Rubus hispida Bristly Hispoides Blackberry - BOG

High FACW

Sambucus canadensis American Elder High FACW- Yes

Spirea tomentosa Steeple Bush FACW

Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush Blueberry High FACW-

Viburnum spp. Moderate FACW / FAC Natives only


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TABLE II



DECIDUOUS SHRUBS

Viburnum prunifolium Black Haw Viburnum FACU

BROADLEAF EVERGREEN SHRUBS

Ilex glabra Inkberry FACW- Yes

Kalmia augustifolia Sheep-laurel FAC No

Kalmia latifolia Mountain Laurel Low FACU No Tolerates acid soils

WOODY VINES

Campsis radicans Trumpet Vine FAC No Rampant

Celastris scandens American Bittersweet Low FACU- No Rampant

Clematis virginiana Virginsbower Low No

Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia Creeper FACU

Rubus hispidus Swamp Dewberry High FACW No

Vitis riparia Riverbank Grape High FACW No

Vitis vulpina Winter Grape High FAC No

EMERGENT AND AQUATIC PLANTS

Acorus calamus Sweet Flag Low OBL Yes Emergent

Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush High OBL Yes Emergent

Ceratophyllum demersum Coontail Low OBL Yes Emergent


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TABLE II



EMERGENT AND AQUATIC PLANTS

Cyperus spp. Sedges Moderate Varies Yes Emergent

Hibiscus moscheutos Marsh Hibiscus Low OBL Yes Emergent

Leersia oryzoides Rice Cutgrass Moderate OBL Yes Emergent

Nasturtium officinale Water Cress Moderate OBL Yes Emergent

Nuphar luteum Spatterdock Moderate OBL Yes Emergent

Peltandra virginica Arrow Arum/Duck Corn Wood ducks OBL Yes Emergent

Pontederia cordata Pickerelweed Low OBL Yes Emergent

Potamegaton spp. Pond Weed High OBL Yes Submergent

Sagittaria latifolia Arrowhead/Duck Potato Moderate OBL Yes Emergent

Saururus cernuus Lizard’s Tail Low OBL Yes Emergent

Scirpus americanus Common Three-Square High OBL Yes Emergent

Scirpus validus Soft-stem Bulrush Moderate OBL Yes Emergent

Viburnum recognitum Smooth Arrowood FACW-

Viburnum trilobum Highbush Cranberry Moderate FACW Yes

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SECTION 800 BUFFER AREAS, LANDSCAPING, …€¦ · SECTION 800 . BUFFER AREAS, LANDSCAPING, AND TREE COVER REQUIREMENTS . ... 802.44 Interior Parking Lot Landscaping ... LANDSCAPING