Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 1 of 25 Objectives List the functions of teeth and gums. Identify two structural problems of the teeth and mouth

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Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums

Objectives

List the functions of teeth and gums.

Identify two structural problems of the teeth and mouth.


Describe ways to prevent teeth and gum problems.


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What changes can you make to take better care of your teeth?

Switch to QuickTake version of the quiz.

Quick Quiz How many of these statements accurately describe your behaviors?

I brush my teeth at least twice a day.

I floss my teeth every day.

I go to the dentist at least once a year.

I limit my intake of sugary foods.

When I play a contact sport, I always wear a mouthguard.

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• Your teeth are important for many reasons.

The Teeth and Gums

• Healthy teeth allow you to chew your food properly and speak clearly.

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• Enamel, the hardest material in your body, covers a tooth’s crown.

Structure of Teeth

• Cementum covers a tooth’s root and helps to anchor the tooth to the jawbone.

• Under the enamel and cementum is dentin, a living material that makes up the majority of a tooth.

• A soft tissue called pulp fills the center of each tooth.

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• The gum is the pink tissue that surrounds the base of your teeth and covers the bone around the teeth.

The Gums

• Healthy gums fit tightly around the neck of each tooth like a collar, holding it firmly in place.

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Incisors Cut food intobite-sized pieces.

Premolars Crush andgrind food.

Molars Crush andgrind food.

Canines Tear and slash food.

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Crown

Neck

Root

Blood vessels

Root canal

Cementum

Nerve

Gum

Pulp

Dentin

Enamel

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• The changes that occur in the jaws throughout the growing years can lead to structural problems.

Structural Problems

• Wisdom teeth usually grow in between the ages of 17 and 21.

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• When the upper and lower teeth do not meet properly, the condition is known as a malocclusion (mal uh KLOO zhun), or improper bite.

Malocclusion

• A severe malocclusion can make chewing difficult or cause the teeth to wear down unevenly.

• Orthodontists (awr thuh DAHN tist) are specialists who correct the position of jaws and teeth.

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• Impacted wisdom teeth either do not have the space to emerge through the gum line or are positioned at an awkward angle.

Impacted Wisdom Teeth

• If impacted wisdom teeth are not removed, they may crowd the other teeth and cause serious gum infections.

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• Failing to properly maintain your teeth and gums can cause mouth pain and halitosis, or bad breath.

Caring for Your Teeth and Gums

• A healthy diet, proper tooth care, and regular dental checkups can prevent tooth decay and gum disease.

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• You should eat a well-balanced diet that is low in sugar.

Healthy Diet

• Your diet should include foods that contain calcium and phosphorus—two minerals that help strengthen teeth.

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• Your mouth is full of bacteria that adhere to your teeth in a sticky film called plaque.

Brushing

• Brush at least twice a day, preferably after every meal.

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• Dental floss removes food and plaque from areas that a toothbrush cannot reach.

Flossing

• You should floss your teeth once a day.

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• Collisions can lead to broken or cracked teeth.

Wearing a Mouthguard

• To prevent damage to your teeth during contact sports, wear a mouthguard.

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Click above to go online.

For: Updates on caring for your teeth

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Sports Drinks, Soft Drinks, and Your Teeth

Materials

In this activity, you will observe how various drinks affect eggshells, which are composed of some of the same materials as your teeth.

three plastic cups • tape for labeling • three large pieces of eggshell • sports drink • soft drink • water

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After three days, discard the liquids and examine each eggshell.

Pour some of the sports drink into the appropriate cup. Pour the same amount of soft drink into the second cup and water into the third.

Label the first cup “sports drink,” the second cup “soft drink,” and the third cup “water.” Place a piece of eggshell in each cup.

Try This

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Compare the effects of the sports drink and soft drink. Was there any difference?

Think and Discuss

Considering that teeth and eggshells are composed of similar materials, what did you learn about the effects of these drinks on teeth?

Describe the appearance of each eggshell after three days.

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• Having regular dental checkups, about twice a year, can identify problems before they become painful or hard to treat.

Dental Checkups

• Because of checkups and other preventive care, young people today generally have fewer cavities than their parents did at the same age.

• Some people also visit their dentist to discuss teeth whitening.

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• When the enamel is broken down, a tiny hole, or cavity, forms.

Treating Tooth Decay

• To repair a cavity, a dentist uses a drill to remove the decay and bacteria and then fills the hole.

• If not treated, the decay can spread through all the layers of the tooth and eventually into the root.

• During root canal therapy, the dentist removes the infected pulp and replaces it with a rubber-like material.

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• Plaque hardens into a material called tartar, which irritates the gums.

Treating Gum Disease

• The gum irritation caused by plaque and tartar eventually can lead to periodontal disease, or gum disease.

• Periodontal disease can be treated surgically by dentists who specialize in gum disease.

Tartar

Pocket

Gum

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Vocabularyenamel The material, which is harder than bone, that

covers a tooth’s crown.

cementum The hard material that covers a tooth’s root.

dentin The living material beneath enamel and cementum that makes up most of a tooth.

pulp The soft tissue that fills the center of each tooth.

malocclusion A condition in which the upper and lower teeth do not meet properly.

orthodontist A specialist who corrects the position of jaws and teeth.

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Vocabularyhalitosis Bad breath.

plaque A sticky film containing bacteria that adheres to teeth.

tartar A hardened form of plaque that irritates the gums.

periodontal disease

Gum disease that can lead to tooth loss.

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QuickTake Quiz

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End of Section 14.1

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Section 14.1 Your Teeth and Gums Slide 1 of 25 Objectives List the functions of teeth and gums. Identify two structural problems of the teeth and mouth