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Section 1.2 Notes. The Way Science Works. EQ?. 1.2 THE WAY SCIENCE WORKS. Science Skills Critical thinking helps you solve problems logically. Scientists use scientific methods to solve problems. Scientists test hypotheses . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Section 1.2 Notes
The Way Science Works
• Science Skills– Critical thinking helps you solve
problems logically.– Scientists use scientific methods to
solve problems.– Scientists test hypotheses.
• Controlled Experiments: Variables that can affect the outcome of the experiment are keptconstant, or controlled, except the one that you want to measure. Only the results of changing the given variables are observed.
– Experiments test ideas.– Scientists use special tools.
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• Scientific Methods: A general way to help – organize your thinking about questions.– you to find & evaluate possible answers.
Observe Formulate a Question
(First Time)Research and Collect Data Form a Hypothesis Test the
Hypothesis Observe Draw Conclusions
(Second Time)Research and Collect Data Form a Modified Hypothesis
Test the Hypothesis Observe Draw Conclusions
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• Units of Measurement– Scientists use standard units of measure
that together form the International System of Units (SI).
– SI is based on the metric system and uses seven SI base units.
– Combining any of the seven SI base unitsgives SI derived units.
– SI units are used for consistency.• When all scientists use the same system of
measurement, sharing data and results is easier.
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• Seven SI Base Units:
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Quantity Symbol Unit: Abbreviation
Length l meter: m
Mass m kilogram: kg
Time t second: s
Temperature T kelvin: K
Electric Current I ampere: A
Amount of Substance n mole: mol
Luminous Intensity S candela: cd
• SI Derived Units:
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Quantity Symbol Unit: Abbreviation
Area A square meter: m2
Volume V cubic meter: m3
Pressure P Pascal: Pa (kg/ms2)Weight W Newton: N (kgm/s2)Force F Newton: N (kgm/s2)Speed v meter per second: m/s
Energy E Joule: J (kgm2/s2)
• Units of Measurement– SI prefixes are used for very large an
very small measurements.– You can convert between smaller and
larger numbers.– Measurements quantify your
observations.• Time, length, mass, and volume• Weight: The force with which Earth’s gravity pulls on that quantity of
matter.
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• Prefixes for Large Measurements:
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Prefix Symbol Meaning Multiple
deci- d tenth 1/10
centi- c hundredth 1/100
milli- m thousandth 1/1 000
micro- μ millionth 1/1 000 000
nano- n billionth 1/1 000 000 000
• Prefixes for Large Measurements:
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Prefix Symbol Meaning Multiple
kilo- k thousand 1 000
mega- M million 1 000 000
giga- G billion 1 000 000 000
• Measurements quantify your observations:
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Measurement Symbol Unit Tool
Time t s: second Stopwatch
Length l m: meter Meter Stick
Mass m g: gram Balance
Volume V L: liter Graduated Cylinder
Mass m g: gram Balance
• Steps for Fence-Posting:1. Write down where you are headed.
2. Write down where you are starting.
3. Use units to work through the problem.
• Example: Convert 1.85 m to cm.
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