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I. Genotype and Phenotype
1. Genotype: genetic makeup of an organism
a. Alleles that give the organism its traits
b. EX: Tall: Short:
2. Phenotype: physical characteristics shown because of genotype
a. EX:
I. Genotype and Phenotype
3. Homozygous: alleles that are the same for a characteristic
a. EX: Tall: Short:
4. Heterozygous: alleles that are different for the same characteristic
a. EX: Tall:
II. Probability
1. Probability: the chance of a specific trait occur or not occurring in an organism
2. Probability= # of times trait is expected to happen # of opportunities for an trait to happen
3. Example:
Tall peas: 150
Short peas: 50
III. Monohybrid Crosses
1. Monohybrid: crossing one trait from two different organisms
2. Use a Punnett Square
3. Possible Crosses:a. Homozygous x Homozygous
b. Homozygous x Heterozygous
c. Heterozygous x Heterozygous
a. Homozygous vs. Homozygous
Ex: Flower Color Dominant: Purple
Recessive: White
Genotype:
Phenotype:
b. Homozygous vs. Heterozygous
Ex: Flower Color Dominant: Purple
Recessive: White
Genotype:
Phenotype:
c. Heterozygous vs Heterozygous
Ex: Flower Color Dominant: Blue
Recessive: White
Genotype:
Phenotype:
IV. Dihybrid Crosses
1. Cross organisms with 2 different traits
2. Possible Crossesa) Homozygous x Homozygous
b) Heterozygous x Heterozygous
a. Homozygous x Homozygous
Ex: Flower Color Dominant: Purple
Recessive: White
Flower Height Dominant: Tall
Recessive: Short
b. Heterozygous x Heterozygous
Ex: Flower Color Dominant: Blue
Recessive: White
Flower Height Dominant: Tall
Recessive: Short
V. Patterns of Inheritance
Incomplete Dominance:
Heterozygote has phenotype intermediate btwn phenotypes of two homozygotes
-
Incomplete DominanceFlower Color: Dominant: Red (R)
Recessive: White (r) Intermediate: Pink
Genotype:
Phenotype:
VI. Codominance
Codominance:
Phenotype of the heterozygote includes the phenotypes of both homozygotes
1.No one allele is dominant, recessive, or blends
2.Example: animal fur color, blood types
VII. Multiple Alleles
•Multiple Alleles
–More than two allele varieties are present within a group of individuals
a)Varies genotype and phenotypes
b)Example: Blood Type ( ABO Group )
VIII. Sex Chromosomes
•Sex Determination:
–Example:
–Disorders/Syndromes:
•Turner Syndrome: 1 X & 0 Y (female)
•Klinefelter Syndrome: many X & 1-2 Y (male)
•Poly-X females: 3 X (female)
IX. Sex-Linked Characteristics
•Determined by genes located on ________________–Most are ____ -linked–Example: Color Blindness (X-linked)
Genotype:
Phenotype: