Section 11.1 FDR and the First New Deal Smiling FDR with
trademark cigarette holder (and cigarette) in his hand Slide 2 What
traits make a great president in a time of crisis? Intelligence
Experience Expertise Stamina Compassion Charisma Which did Hoover
lack? What does this say about the role of the media? President
Hoover addresses the nation via radio Slide 3 Objectives At the end
of this lesson (two to three classes), you should be able to:
Describe FDRs background and traits in a short paragraph (Was he
destined for greatness?) What was the Hundred Days? How did FDR
deal with the Bank Crisis? How did FDR give immediate relief to the
needy? How did the New Deal relief efforts help to stimulate the
economy and modernize the nation? How did the National Recovery
Administration (NRA) try to increase productivity and workers? How
did the AAA try to help farmers and why were the results so
controversial? How did the TVA try to aid in long-term recovery?
How did FDR try to restore confidence in the stock market and
banks? How did FDR make people feel connected to the White House?
Slide 4 Who was FDR? Sheltered life Did not seem presidential nice
but colorless Married to Eleanor She took him to see poor people I
didnt know people lived like that! FDR Assistant Secretary of Navy
(1913- 20) VP candidate in 1920 Stricken with polio in 1921
Life-changing Recovery demonstrated grit Elected governor of NY in
1928, 1930 (two-year terms) Young Franklin with his mother
Paralyzed FDR with girl Slide 5 FDR Background Montage of FDR
photos including one of him swimming (part of polio rehab regimen)
Slide 6 Describe FDRs Inauguration March 4, 1933 3.5 years into the
Depression Americans lacked faith in country, capitalism Outlined
New Deal plan for economic recovery We have nothing to fear but
fear itself. Compare with Obama on EconomyObama on Economy Scenes
from FDRs first inaugural Slide 7 First Inaugural Address FDR takes
the oath of office: I (insert name of President) do solemnly swear
that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the
United States and will, to the best of my ability, preserve,
protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. So help
me God. Slide 8 100 Days Presentation FDR signs legislation (part
of first New Deal) during his initial three months in office Slide
9 What was the Hundred Days? Term to describe first three (3)
months of FDRs administration; marked by rapid new legislation
March 9-June 16, 1933 15 new laws FDR was an experimenter Says A
New Captain at the Wheel and depicts FDR steering the ship of state
Slide 10 How did FDR deal with the Bank Crisis? 38 state banks had
closed Americans stuffed the mattresses Hoarded their money
declared a bank holiday from 3/5-3/9 sound banks reopened unsound
opened after government aid arrived Reassured public began to
deposit $ back in bank and crisis was over Top: unclear image shows
a stampede; Below, another FDR with cigarette and holder in mouth
behind wheel of auto Slide 11 100 Days Young-looking FDR in top
hat, riding this time Slide 12 What was the New Deal? FDRs plan for
economic reform (recall New Nationalism, New Freedom) Legislation
addressed the 3 Rs Relief (for unemployed) Recovery measures to
stimulate the economy Reform laws to help lessen threat of future
economic disaster Top: FDR signs legislation; below, alphabet soup
agencies as kids dancing around FDR Slide 13 New Deal Video capture
(black screen) but it summarizes New Deal Slide 14 How did FDR give
immediate relief to the needy? Federal Emergency Relief
Administration (FERA) gave $500 million directly to relief agencies
Critics said rapid distribution of funds may hurt in long run Harry
Hopkins Disliked dole (government charity) Thought it broke down
self esteem But said: People dont eat in the long run they have to
eat every day. Top: Harry Hopkins; below, complex cartoon critical
of New Deal pump Slide 15 How did the New Deal relief efforts help
to stimulate the economy and modernize the nation? Civilian
Conservation Corps (CCC) 100, 000s put to work on environmental
projects (state, national parks) Got room/board + $30 per month
Public Works Administration (PWA) Built schools, dams, sewer pipes,
highways, modernized nation stimulated local economies Top: Cover
of a CCC manual; below, CCC boys at work thinning a forest Slide 16
How did the National Recovery Administration (NRA) try to increase
productivity and workers? National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
asked business to set quality standards, maximum work hours,
minimum wages Allow workers to form unions, collective bargaining
Publicity campaign only buy from companies displaying blue eagle
hurt small companies Top and below: The NRA Blue Eagle Slide 17 New
Deal Programs FDR poses by the fireside with his wife and mother
Slide 18 How did the AAA try to help farmers recover and why were
the results so controversial? Agricultural Adjustment
Administration subsidized farmers to reduce production Help to
raise prices Controversial 1933 farmland/newborn animals were
destroyed to meet requirements Top: farmer receives his AAA check;
below, cattle being rounded up Slide 19 Video capture (first image
is of Dust Bowl but the clip is about the farm crisis and FDRs
response) Slide 20 How did the TVA try to aid in long-term
recovery? Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Built dams on Tennessee
River and created electricity intended to create ecosystems, lakes,
tourism, jobs Critics Farmers who lost land Businesses saw TVA as
unfair competition Above: Map showing area for Tennessee Valley
Authority; below, one of the dams Slide 21 How did FDR try to
restore confidence in the stock market and banks?
Truth-in-Securities Act said that companies who deceived investors
about its financial status could be sued Glass-Steagall Banking Act
prohibited banks from investing savings deposits in the
unpredictable stock market Repealed by Gramm-Leach- Bliley Act
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insured deposits ($5
thousand) Now $250 thousand Top, panic outside a bank; below, calm
scene outside a bank Slide 22 How did FDR make people feel
connected to the White House? Fireside Chats- FDRs frequent radio
addresses that outlined his policies and reassured public Held
weekly press conferences and answered all questions Eleanor
Roosevelt Symbol of Roosevelts empathy, energy to the downtrodden
Received hundreds of thousands of letters each year Dressed-up
Eleanor Roosevelt Slide 23 FDR and the Media Video clip: first
frame is of Capitol steps being readied for inaugural Slide 24
Conclusion Was the New Deal a liberal or conservative program?
Liberal in that a lot of new, progressive programs were created
that moved the country toward a bigger role for government
Conservative in that FDRs goal was to preserve the system and the
programs he introduced were much less radical than what was going
on in Europe
