Second line of Defense

Inflammation• The “inflammatory process”

• Response to injury such as; cut/burn/scrape/tear/pathogen

• Non-specific immunity

4 Cardinal Signs

• Swelling

• Pain

• Redness

• Increased temperature at the sight

Process

• Body becomes injures• Histamine (vasodilator is released at the

site)• Blood vessels dilate• Blood flow increases• Phagocytes are quickly rushed to the

site• Pathogens/injured tissue are

dismantled

Increased Temperature

• At the site of injury/not systemic

• Accumulation of warm blood at the site

• Increases the temperature

Redness

• Accumulation of blood

• Rises to higher level in tissues

• See redness

• Also heat causes redness

Swelling

• Accumulation at site of injury• Excess tissue fluids• Excess blood supply• Pathogens/phagocytes/dead cell

parts• Development of pus (white)

Pain

• Pressure from excess fluids• Press onto nerve endings• Throbbing feeling

Reducing Symptoms

• Pain relievers

• RICE; rest/ice/compression/elevation

• ? Antibiotic use