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Second International Bhikkhuni Day. September 29, 2012. This Year Honoring: Bhikkhuni Sanghamitta Theri. Sanghamitta means “Friend of the Sangha”. What is a Bhikkhuni / Bhikshuni ? A bhikkhuni (Pali) or bhikshuni (Sanskrit) is a fully-ordained female Buddhist monastic. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Second International Bhikkhuni Day
September 29, 2012
Sanghamitta means“Friend of the Sangha”
This Year Honoring: Bhikkhuni Sanghamitta
Theri
.What is a Bhikkhuni/Bhikshuni?
A bhikkhuni (Pali) or bhikshuni (Sanskrit) is a fully-ordained female Buddhist monastic.
A bhikkhu/bhikshu is a fully-ordained male monastic.
Both bhikkhus & bhikkhunis are ordained by receiving the precepts of the Vinaya (monastic discipline).
Sites associatedwith the life ofThe Buddha
“Buddhism”, Kevin Trainor, Ed.
Beginnings of the Bhikkhuni Order
Many Enlightened Bhikkhunis
The Thirteen Great
Arahant Bhikkhuni Disciples,
mural in Wat Pho,
Bangkok, Thailand
The Buddha said: “I will not pass away…until I have bhikkhu disciples...bhikkhuni disciples...layman disciples… laywoman disciples who are accomplished, disciplined, skilled, learned, expert in the Dhamma.”
From the Mahaparinibbana Sutta.
The Fourfold Sangha
Mural of Fourfold Assembly at Wat Pho, Bangkok,
Thailand
www.buddha101.com
The Early Spread of Buddhism in IndiaAnd then to Sri Lanka
Sanghamitta’sContribution
•By the time of Emperor Asoka (304-232 BC), Buddhism was well established in India.•Asoka had most likely been exposed to Buddhist thought, but later said that he hadn’t understood it.
Emperor Asoka, Bhikkhuni Sanghamitta’s Father
From War to Peace
• About 150 years after the Buddha’s death, Alexander the Great of Macedonia rose to power and was expanding his empire.
The Indian Army on elephants tried to repel Alexander the Great’s Invasion
Kalinga
Chandragupta’s Empire
Patna
Ujian
Asoka’s queenKing Asoka
Bhikkhuni Sanghamitta’s Parents
India before Asoka's invasion of Kalinga
Kalinga
Chandragupta’s Empire
Battle of Kalinga
http://indiansaga.com/history
The Bollywood version is available on Netflix
Pillar in Lumbini, Nepal, birthplace of the BuddhaMarking Ashoka’s visit to Lumbini
Wikipedia
One of the many pillars erected by Emperor Asoka
• Asoka made Ahimsa (non-violence) a policy.
• He was a devotee of:–Love–Truth–Tolerance–Vegetarianism
Accomplishments of Asoka
• Built universities• Built water transit
systems and irrigation systems
• Built roads
After her father’s
conversion, Sanghamitta was raised according
to Buddhist teachings.
Sanghamitta Marries Agribrahmi
Bhikkhuni Sanghamitta
Clay image made byVen. Dhammananda Bhikkhuni,NakhonpathomThailand
www.buddha101.com
Asoka Sent out Missionaries to Spread Buddhism
Princess Annula and the other
women first established
a Lay-Women’s
Monastery
A ‘Liberated’ Woman!
She is recorded to have said to her father, “My brother’s word has importance to
me, King, together with the request of the great Queen and the thousand women. Further, I suppose, this is not just my brother’s word and many are waiting for the going-forth, which I also desire to give, Great King, and so now I must go.”
Bhikkhuni Sanghamitta sails to Sri Lanka with a cutting from the Bodhi tree.
Wikipedia
Many–headed Naga serpent/dragon
Sanghamitta took the form
of a Garuda to chase away the Nagas
Wikipedia
Bhikkhuni Sanghamitta, with the Bodhi-Tree sapling, lands in Sri Lanka, greeted by King Tissa.
Sanghamitta & the Bodhi Tree
are Escorted to Anuradhapura
The Bodhi Tree in Anuradhapura,Sri Lanka is said to be the oldest living tree in the world.
Sanghamitta’s Stupa
As it was found After being restored
Bhikkhuni Sangha Spreads to ChinaIn 429 CE, Sri Lankan Bhikkhuni Devasara traveled to China with a group of bhikkhunis to establish a bhikkhuni sangha
there.
Sri Lankan Bhikkhunis Establish Unbroken Bhikkhuni Lineage
China’s bhikkhuni lineage has continued to the present day in an unbroken upasampada (ordination) lineage. This lineage
eventually spread to Taiwan, Korea, and Vietnam.
Disappearance of the Bhikkhuni Sangha in India and Sri Lanka
Between the 11th and 14th centuries CE both the Bhikkhu and Bhikkhuni Sanghas died out in India and Sri Lanka due to invasions, war, and famine.
Sanghamitta Shrine, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Ayutthaya Historic Park, the ancient Thai Capital
•The Bhikkhu Sangha revived multiple times.•The Bhikkhuni Sangha was not revived.•In 1928, the Thai Bhikkhu Sangha decreed that the bhikkhuni lineage had died out and could not be revived.
One Major Thing Prevented the Spread of the Bhiksuni
Order to Tibet
Bhikkhunis Worldwide! Today there are now bhikkhunis & bhiksunis
in the U.S., India, Italy, Germany, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam.
Mahayana Bhikshunis Helped Revive the Bhikkhuni/Bhiksuni Sanghas
in the Theravada & Tibetan Traditions
Unmoonsa Bhikkhuni Monastery & Sangha University, South Korea
“In all the Mahayana schools whether in Tibet, China, Korea, or Vietnam, they follow mostly a Dharmagupta Vinaya. Dharmagupta is one of the Theravada sects. ”
Ajahn Brahm
Mahayana ordination almost identical to Thai ordination ceremony
First Thai woman to become a bhikkhuni
1908 Born Voramai Kabilsingh Shatsena 1955 Ordained as a samaneri (10 precepts)1971 Lacking full ordination in Thailand, she traveled to Taiwan for bhikkhuni ordinationEstablished Sondhammakalyani Temple outside of Bangkok
Bhikkhuni Tao Fa Tzu
Bhiksuni Jetsunma Tenzin Palmo 1963 Left London for India to study
Buddhism1964 Second Western women to receive novice ordination (shramanerika)1965 Lived in a remote cave in the Himalayas for 12 years1973 Received full bhiksuni ordination in Hong Kong2000 Established Dongyu Gatsal Ling Nunnery in the Himalayas
Bhiksuni Pema Chodron
-Born in NYC in 1936-Graduated form UC Berkeley-Elementary school teacher for many years-In her mid-thirties traveled to the French Alps where she met Lama Chime Rinpoche-Ordained as a novice in 1974-1981 fully ordained in Chinese lineage in Hong Kong-Currently abbess of Gampo Abbey in rural Cape Breton, Nova Scotia-Author of many books on Buddhism
Bhiksuni Karma Lekshe Tsomo, Ph.D.
1982 Fully ordained in South Korea1986 Established Jamyang Foundation for the education of Himalayan nuns1987 Co-founded Sakyadhita (Daughter of the Buddha) International Association of Buddhist Women2000-present Associate Professor, Theology & Religious Studies, USD -
1971 B.A. History, UCLA1977 Ordained as a nun in Dharamsala, India1987 Full ordination in Taiwan2003 Established Sravastri Abbey in Washington State
Bhiksuni Thubten Chodron
1998 International Full Ordination
Ceremony in Bodhgaya, India
Bhikshunis-to-be pay respects to theirpreceptors, Bhiksunis Thubten Chodron
& Karma Lekshe Tsomo
1988 –Five Sri Lankan ten-precept nuns (including Ayya Khema) were ordained at Hsi Lai Monastery in Los Angeles by Taiwanese bhikkhus and bhikkhunis.
Ayya Khema (b. Berlin 1923 – d. Buddhahaus, 1997)
-1979 first Western woman to ordain as a Theravada samaneri .
-1987 co-organized the first international conference of Buddhist nuns, resulting in the founding of Sakyadhita.
-First Buddhist nun to address the U.N. in N.Y. in 1987.
-1988 fully ordained in the Los Angeles Chinese temple Hsi Lai (Taiwanese).
The inspiration for the creation of the Alliance for Bhikkhunis
Theravada Bhikkhuni reestablished in Sri Lanka.
• 1996 – The Korean Bhikkhu Sangha and Sri Lankan monks sponsored another bhikkhuni ordination for 10 Sri Lankan dasasilmatas in Sarnath, India.
Bhikkhuni Kusuma was one of 10 Sri Lankan women ordained in 1996 in Sarnath, India. Now there now
almost 1000 bhikkhunis in Sri Lanka.
Bhikkhuni Kusuma
First Modern Bhikkhuni Ordination in Sri Lanka
• 2003 - First bhikkhuni higher ordinations in modern times on Sri Lankan soil. (American Bhikkhuni Ayya Sudhamma, Thailand’s Ven. Dhammananda, and Burmese born Ayya Gunasari & Ayya Saccavadi were ordained at this time.)
1945 Born Chatsumarn Kabilsingh in Thailand
(daugher of Bhikkhuni Tao Fa Tzu) 1975-2000 Professor of Buddhist philosophy at Thammasat University2001 Received samaneri ordination2003 Received full bhikkhuni ordination in Sri Lanka
Bhikkhuni Dhammananda, Ph.D.
Now abbess of one of the few bhikkhuni temples in Thailand. In June 2011 she had five bhikkhunis living with her.
In 2006, in a secret ceremony in the ancient ruins at Ayutthaya in Thailand, three more Thai women ordained as bhikkhunis −
Bhikkhunis Rattanavali, Dhammamitta, and Silananda.
Ayya Tathaaloka
1968 Born in Washington, DC1987 Ordained as an anagarika, traveled & studied in India, South Korea & Thailand 1997 Ordained as a bhikkhuni in Los Angeles at2005 Founded Dhammadharini Vihara in Fremont, CA and Aranya Bodhi Hermitage in N. CA.
Trained by Bhante Gunaratana of Bhavana Society
2006 Higher ordination in Dambulla, Sri Lanka
Abbess of Aranya Bodhi Hermitage in Northern CA
Ayya Sobhana Bhikkhuni
Hamburg Congress, 2007
Bhikkhunis and bhikshunis ordained earlier help to mentor and ordain new bhikkhunis.
Rocking the Boat
• 2009 − With Ayya Tathaaloka as preceptor and Ajahn Brahm as certifying acariya, four samaneris were ordained as bhikkhunis at Bodhinyana Monastery in Serpentine, Australia.
• Ajahn Brahm was then “delisted” from the Ajahn Chah lineage.
Ajahn Brahm and other monks
“Every now and then, when she senses anguish or a need for solace, Tenzin Palmo approaches one of the women she's chatting with and gives them a bear hug. This motherly embrace is the manifestation of kalayanamitta (true friendship).” "That's why you need a female monk," she says after hugging a woman in tears. "Because [male] monks can't do that."
Bhikshuni Tenzin Palmo hugs a Thai maechee while teaching at Wat Suan Mokh, Thailand, 2007
August 2010 Bhikkhuni
Ordination of four bhikkhunis at Aranya Bodhi Hermitage,
Northern California
October 2010 Bhikkhuni Ordinations at Dharma Vijaya in Los Angeles
Three More North American Bhikkhunis
Spirit Rock Meditation Hall – Oct. 17, 2011
L-R: Ayya Nimmala, Sate Saraniya Hermitage, Ontario, Canada; Ayya Santacitta and Ayya Anandabodhi, Aloka Vihara, San Francisco, California
A Sima of Flowers
Alliance for Bhikkhunis (AFB) was founded in 2007 to support the creation of a Bhikkhuni Sangha in the U.S. and its revival overseas.
Alliance for Bhikkhunis
Bhikkhunis near Joshua Tree National Park, Mohave Desert, Southern
California, USA
What Do We Do?
• AFB educates lay practitioners about the essential role bhikkhunis play in preserving the Dhamma.
• AFB offers financial assistance to provide monastics with their four requisites: food, clothing, shelter and medicine/health care
Contributed to the construction of living
quarters .
Contributed to a “new used” kitchen trailer for
Aranya Bodhi Monastery in Northern California.
AfB Raises Funds for Financial Assistance for Monastics
Health Insurance and Medicine
•Paid for bhikkhunis’ medical and dental care.
•Paid insurance premiums for some bhikkhunis with no health insurance.
Assist in Travel to Conferences, Retreats, and
Travel for Vassa
Bhikshunis chanting at Sakyadhita conference in Bangkok, Thailand 2011.
Inform and
Connect
•Present Magazine (Online)•Website bhikkhuni.net•Facebook
International Bhikkhuni Day
I’ve been waiting forbhikkhuni ordinationfor such a long time…
From Santi Forest Monastery Website
Alliance for BhikkhunisProtecting bhikkhunis, we protect ourselves and future generations.
May all beings be happy!