SECOND

ECOLOGICAL

WAVE

During the decade of the seventies happened

several environmental disasters, for which, it

began to speak on a good management and

environmental responsibility.

in the world had some events as democratic

crises in many countries, social and

economic conflicts, deforestation,

desertification, famine in many countries,

problems with the ozone layer, mean sea

level, increased insecurity caused by the

growth of so-called development hub cities,

unemployment problems, various wars,

among many other events more.

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The global outlook for these years was

complex from different perspectives and in

different regions of the planet.

That’s why for the first time arises

mentioned the concept of "global change" is

the set of environmental changes resulting

from human activities on the planet, with

special reference to changes in the

processes that determine the functioning of

the Earth system.

That’s how came the "Ecological Waves"

which try to help them go away all these

problems that are experienced in the world.

There are four ecological waves, the first

three are classified by decade starting in

1970. The fourth wave ecological is very

recent. This is the one we are currently.

The first green wave (1970-1980) was

developed thanks to new prospects

integration between environment, society

and the economy.

Two antecedents that preceded the

development of ecological

ECOLOGICAL WAVES

movements in the world occurred in

1967 and 1968, the first of them when

the “Tower and barrel tanker” collided in

the English coasts generating one of the

most serious oil spills, the second event

was in Japan, when it appeared a new

disease called "Minamata Evil" that

caused many economic problems, social

and environmental.

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Was in the year 1970 when the United

States appeared in the first season of

the Environment Agency was called

"Clean Air". Thanks to this first criteria

are established to control emission of

pollutants.

In the year 1972 several studies were

conducted that would help change trend

would prevail for the next

decades in the area of environmental

culture.

In this year published "Limits of

Development" prepared by the club of

Rome, which is complemented by the

written "Life and Welfare of Man"

published by the Vatican. So the same is

done also the "First World Environment

Summit Environment",, also known as

"First Proposal Stockholm Environmental

Conservation" organized by the United

Nations.

Did the term Eco-Eco which means

"ecology and economy", but later, in 1975

was changed to "Eco-development" to

finally transformed by "Sustainable

Development" which is a term applied to

economic and social that allows to

address the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needs.

The first summit of the environment was

held in Stockholm Sweden and was

conducted with 1,200 delegates

representing 114 countries of the 156

that existed in that year, and the main

objective was to protect and improve

the human environment and preserve it.

Media were responsible for spreading

the actions proposed in this summit.

Among the major successes of the

Stockholm Meeting were:

Born national legislation and

World Environment.

Establishment of the United

Nations Program for Environment

(UNEP).

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In 1974 was presented the 2nd Report

to the Club of Rome and at the same

time in Mexico Cocoyoc held

Symposium Models Using Natural

Resources which was the need to

promote environmental education.

The third Report to the Club of Rome were

presented in 1976, this was known as "The

Report unapproved Club of Rome" which

talked about the need to reorder the world

economic order, and as suited the interests

of some countries, was denied.

Different achievements stand at the end of

this decade, among the most significant are:

Appeared Development Strategy in

Isolated Rural Areas.

It presented the report of the UN

Indigenous Development.

It forms the Environmental

Constitution.

Emerged implementing legislation and

implementing specific programs.

Green parties were formed in Europe.

With the establishment of UNEP, was

granted to the University of the State

of Mexico the authority to implement

important programs in our country, so

was born the Academic Environmental

Programme (PUMA).

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BY: MONSERRAT ESPINOSA

The second ecological wave between

from 1980 to 1990, in the era of the

80's economic, political and social,

was complex and that the world went

through a number of transitions and

catastrophic events.

In the year of 1983 created the

Commission for Environment and

Development, through this kind of

surges, the world educates to

generate new proposals and changes

to the planet. Four years later in 1987

he presented the report of the

Commission "in one Earth to one

World", and which is used for the first

time the term "Sustainable

Development".

Sustainable development is to

generate options to change the

negative trend in the deterioration of

animal and plant life, improve quality

of life and stop this deterioration for

new generations inherit a world equal

to or better than the existing one. We

talk about sustainable development

when it comes to social, economic

and ecological combine to create an

improved environment.

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In 1995, Mexico was founded on

Sustainable Development and Natural

Spaces A.C., and one of the main

objectives was to promote and ensure

the protection of nature. Has worked

with numerous projects

"environmentally friendly". His vision is

to create a natural environment

developed.

In this decade was the Proclamation of

Natural Resources and raises three

points:

1. Keep agree ecosystem

functioning.

2. Maintain the biodiversity.

3. Ensuring sustainable use of

ecosystems and species.

Particular actions were issued, all

governments were required to comply:

Reduce production of non-

nutritious foods.

Modernize the industry.

Improvement of mineral resources.

Avoid desertification.

Recultivate degraded areas.

Avoid degradation and lost the soil.

Avoid over-exploitation of forests.

No less trees cut, only cut based

on management plans.

Improve public health.

At the end of the decade of the 80's, there

was talk of a better future for the world.

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However in 1990 and 2000, the third

wave is created ecological, global

movement.

At this time were signed agreements and

create achievements. Among the

highlights are: the signing of the Montreal

Protocol to curb the destruction of the

ozone layer. Representation healthy food

"green markets", appear while the "green

tags", which are products generated

under the laws of eco-development.

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In the United Nations document,

"Environmental Perspective to the Year

2000 and Beyond", were presented as

models of development:

Rebirth of alternative lifestyles.

Create new technology

transport network through rail

networks.

HI-TEC (High Technology).

More investments, consider

environmental conditions.

Improve the planning of

spaces.

Taking into account the

environmental problematic

when performing bilateral

agreements.

An event very important in this

ecological wave was that Rio de

Janeiro, Brazil, was declared a city

hosting the Second Earth Summit,

held in 1992. 183 countries were

represented.

In Kyoto in 1997, signed an

agreement to reduce aerosols, and

thus reduce chlorofluorocarbons

(CFCs) and thus prevent the

destruction of the ozone layer.

United States of America and

Switzerland did not sign this

agreement.

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Thanks to these ecological waves

the world has not deteriorated as

thought, we still need to work more

on the recovery of our world, but

gradually and will this be possible.

BY: MACARENA ESPINOSA

¿What is Sustainable

Development?

Sustainable development has been

defined in many ways, but the most

frequently quoted definition is from Our

Common Future

Sustainable development is development

that meets the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needs. It

contains within it two key concepts:

· The concept of needs in particular the

essential needs of the world's poor, to

which overriding priority should be given;

and the idea of limitations imposed by the

state of technology and social organization

on the environment's ability to meet

present and future needs."

The notion of sustainable development is

very recent: it surge at the end of the 20th

century as the result of projects and

international exhibitions that were

analyzing the wear and the abuse that

the human being with his economic,

technological and social growth has

generated throughout the time on the

environment.

The importance of the sustainable

development takes root in a not minor

fact: the supposition of which the

humanity does not have to resign his

current quality of life or modernity to be

careful and to support the environment.

Sustainable Development

In Rio +20

The world’s population of 7 billion is

likely to increase to 9 billion by 2050. The

demand for diminishing natural

resources is growing. Income gaps are

widening. Sustainability calls for a decent

standard of living for everyone today

without compromising the needs of

future generations.

This means finding better ways of

doing things. Such as:

How can we help people move out of

poverty and get good jobs, while

protecting the environment?

How can we provide access to

clean energy for everyone, and

make sure that the energy we

produce doesn’t contribute to

climate change?

How can we shape our cities so thateveryone can enjoy a decent quality of life?

How can we build better transportation

systems that allow us all to get where we want to go, without causing too much

congestion and pollution?

How can we make sure that our oceans are healthy and that marine life is not threatened

by pollution and climate change?

How can we make sure that our communities are resilient in the face of

natural disasters?

Some Resources from de UN for the

Sustainable Development

In Rio +20

Green Economy Report

The UN Environment Programme´s

Green Economy Report demonstrates

that green economies are a new engine

of growth, generate decent jobs and are

vital to eliminating persistent poverty.

Global Sustainability Report

The Secretary-General's High-level

Global Sustainability Panel Says a

future worth choosing must be based

on true costs to people and the

environment, in its "Resilient People,

Resilient Planet: A Future Worth

Choosing" report.

Sustainable Development Knowledge

Platform

Sustainable development goes together with

allowing people to broadly engage in

development policy making. On

the Sustainable Development Knowledge

Platformyou will find some of the latest

thinking, policy analysis and commentary on

sustainability by the UN.

BY: ILEANA CALDERÓN

Sustainable Development

(commonly called the "Earth

Summit") to non-governmental

organizations of the system

United Nations, NGOs, among

others, not forgetting to citizens

and civil society organizations,

it is not enough with the

participation of governments,

to build sustainable

development it is required the

participation of the population,

community groups, the

companies, organizations and

academia. In order to

encourage participation it has

been created an official

platform where you can share

new ideas and in which there is

information on

The Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992 laid the

foundations. Rio +20 is a new opportunity to think globally so that all can act locally to ensure our common future.

Rio+20" is the short name for

the United Nations Conference

on Sustainable Development

which took place in Rio de

Janeiro, Brazil in June 2012.

Rio+20 Rio +20 constitutes a

project that involves all the

system of the U.N., which give

us the opportunity to change

some habits, to face the poverty,

to work for avoiding the

environmental destruction and

build a bridge to the future, It

allows us to think with global

judgement.

For the realization of Rio +20

are three principal members,

ranging from governments and

bosses of state gathered at the

United Nations Conference on

Controlling climate

change;

Designing a new

architecture of global

governance;

The transition to a new

model of civilisation.

It is considered that to face

these challenge will require

new ways of building

experience and analyze

proposals to promote them,

focusing on three major

efforts, which promote the

integration of all the project

countries, dialogue and

exchange of proposals this

with order to benefit more

people around the world.

In official talks of Rio +20 was

discussed two main topics:

how to build a green economy

to achieve sustainable

development and get people

out of poverty, and how to

improve international

how the project has development.

As it is seen, Rio +20, its

obejctive had covered many

topics for the benefit of the

population and has established

key issues, the first of which talk

about ethics we need to build a

society capable of caring for the

environment, the second point is

focused on the creation of a new

form of global governance, while

the third proposes to search for a

new economic order to face the

poverty.

From that established the three

main challenges of world order,

they are:

In the last 20 years there have

been many successful

examples of implementation of

sustainable development in

energy, agriculture, urban

planning and production and

consumption:

In France, an estimated

90,000 jobs were created in

green sectors between 2006

and 2008, mostly in the fields of

energy conservation and the

development of renewable

energy.

In Uganda, a transition to

organic agriculture has

generated revenue and income

for smallholder farmers and

benefited the economy, society

and environment.

In Kenya, innovative finance

mechanisms have stimulated

new

coordination for sustainable

development.

Rio +20 is an opportunity to

define pathways to a sustainable

future development, with more

jobs, better security, cleaner

energy and a better standard of

living. Therefore its

importance is that we want to

build a better world for our

children and grandchildren, and

we can achieve this only through

sustainable development, which

as said Sha Zukang, Secretary-

General of the Rio +20

Conference,

"The sustainable

development is not an

option!

It is the only way that

allows humanity to share a

decent life on this one

planet.

Rio +20 provides our

generation the opportunity

to go that way. "

Rio +20 talks about the key

challenges with which will

reduce poverty and

instability, we will prevent

the degradation of the

planet. The existence of

this project will allow us to

strengthen environmental

awareness in the world.

investments in

renewable energy

sources, including solar,

wind, small hydro,

biogas and municipal

waste energy

generating income and

employment.

► In China, steps to

shift to a low-carbon

growth strategy based

on the development of

renewable energy

sources have created

jobs, income and

revenue streams for

promising low-carbon

industries.

"Rio+20 has gven us a

solid platform to build on.

And it has given us the

tools to build with. The

work starts now"

– UN Secretary-General Ban

Ki-moon

BY: ELIDETH CAMACHO

Ideally, the Summit should produce a

pluricultural vision of the political and

ethical foundations that will be able

to transform the architecture of world

governance and reinforce the feeling

of belonging in a developing global

community.

The authors of this invitation are

proposing, among others, to develop

proposal papers, support meetings in

the five continents, organize an

international seminar.

Three actors:

1. The governments assembled at

the official conference organized by

the UN

2. The NGOs of the UN system (

3. Civil-society organizations.

independent scientists, unions, youth

organizations, NGOs, etc.

(assembled at

a “Earth Citizens Summit,”

Proposal

According to its organizers, the

summit’s objectives are : to

secure renewed political

commitment to sustainable

development ; to assess

progress towards internationally

agreed goals on sustainable

development and to address new

and emerging challenges. The

Summit will also focus on two

specific themes : a green

economy in the context of

poverty eradication and

sustainable development, and an

institutional framework for

sustainable development.Is an

invitation to the launch of a

citizen dynamics toward the

awareness and feeling of a world

community of actors starting their

march toward Rio+20 and

beyond, for the transition to a

sustainable world.

Implementing the preliminary phase

Proposal

To take an additional step toward the

awareness and the feeling of a world

community of actors starting their

march toward Rio+20.

• To invite all actors wishing to

contribute to the Rio+20 process to

present

their actions and initiatives, to share

their essential proposals.

Proposal

Starting from the thematic framework

set out by the UN’s Sustainable

Development Commission and

integrating it into a more consistent

vision:

1. What “green economy” do we need

in order to defeat poverty in the world?

Proposals for the implementation of

sustainable societies in the early

twentyfirst century.

Three models

An economic,, political, ehtical,

models.

Three challenges

1. Managing climate change.

2. Designing a new world-

governance architecture.

3. Changing the civilization model.

Three values

1. Sustainability

2. Solidarity

3. Responsibility

Implementing the preliminary

phase.

To take an additional step toward

the awareness and the feeling of a

world

community of actors starting their

march toward Rio+20.

• To invite all actors wishing to

contribute to the Rio+20 process to

present

their actions and initiatives, to share

their essential proposals.

2. What mechanisms and what

organization structures from the local

to the global can bring about a “green

economy” that will be able to

contribute to eradicating poverty and

to redefining regulation between

states and societies? Proposals for a

new world-governance architecture.

3. On which values, which ethical

foundations, should the development

of new lifestyles be based and the

foundations be laid for a new

civilization in order to face the

dangers of the current world and open

new perspectives for the human

adventure at the beginning of the

twenty-first century?

· Proposals for a Charter of the

Citizens of the Earth.

This proyect have strategy

Support meetings in the five

continents facilitated by civil-society

networks and movements in

connection with political leaders and

UN agencies, scientists, and

company heads.

BY: ERIKA ESQUIVEL

One of the initiatives that arose was

the "Day of Action against the

Canadian mining industry."

This is initiative is one that tries to call

to organize communities to discover

the practices that have been going on

exploitation.

Of resources on a larger scale.

Organizations that were made along

with all communities affected by all

resource extraction industry in

Canada, decide to hold a day of action

this first Continental August 2012 for

all that we are called we demand an

end to the mining practices carried

resources held in mines.

All organizations working with

communities that are together from

Canada to Argentina undertake

protests which will include

demonstrations, radio coverage,

letter-writing campaigns and other

alternative and innovative actions of

protest and action, all this in front of

the corporate offices of mining

companies and especially in the

Canadian embassy.

¿Because this happens in Canada?

All this is happening in Canada, is

because 60% of mining

companies in the world many of

these companies appears in

Toronto in securities bag. Most of

these companies have too much

investment in what is still 3,200

projects on resource exploitation,

is why Canada is the country with

the largest share industry

extraction of natural resources.

Another reason why we do this in

Canada is because financial

markets of Toronto and Vancouver

are representing one of the largest

global sources of mining

companies are those that promote

the extraction and in turn carried

out the development of their

projects.

Initiatives in Rio + 20

All actions carried out in the extraction

of natural resources, caused a huge

impact on the territories, communities

and everything in life.

The worst consequences that arose

throughout the natural resource

exploration and exploitation especially

caused the mobilization of

communities, causing destruction of

survival sustainable everything, where

in turn managed to cause health

problems too of individuals,

aggravating the violation of human

rights.

All this achievement mineral

exploitation large scale caused a great

loss in biodiversity

http://rio20.net/iniciativas/

The demands they are asking are the

divestment, regulation, cece to

complicity, community consultation

mechanisms, life before profit .

What we are calling on

divestment is that the Canadian

government has to take public

funds of companies engaged in

the extraction of natural resources

and in turn require to withdraw the

funds invest in free education.

Regulation In demanding that the

government should establish

standards of accountability to

Canadian companies, in turn

legislation has to be established

must penalize those companies

that are involved in the violation of

human Rights.

In complicity cece demand that

the Canadian government does

not allow public institutions to be

used for campaigning but these

are organized by companies

engaged in the extraction of

natural resources.

In the community consultation

mechanisms require

SECOND

ECOLOGICAL

WAVE

governments in the region to

respect all the rights groups

that have been internationally

recognized rights to prior

consultation for those

indigenous communities that

are being affected by the

mining industry.

In life before profit should

require removing all the free

trade agreements are those

that protect the right of

corporations which are those

that are above life.

http://rio20.net/iniciativas/

BY: CARLOS SÁNCHEZ