SECARB Phase 3, Task 15 SECARB Phase 3, Task 15 Geological COGeological CO22 SequestrationSequestration

Capacity EstimateCapacity EstimateCapacity EstimateCapacity EstimateOffshore Northern Gulf of Mexico Offshore Northern Gulf of Mexico

March 9, 2011March 9, 2011

Prepared by David L CarrPrepared by David L CarrPrepared by David L. CarrPrepared by David L. Carr

Project TeamProject Team::Project TeamProject Team::Cari Breton, GIS AnalystCari Breton, GIS Analyst

David L. Carr, Reservoir Geologist/StratigrapherDavid L. Carr, Reservoir Geologist/StratigrapherTip Meckel, GeologistTip Meckel, Geologist

Erin Miller Petroleum EngineerErin Miller Petroleum EngineerErin Miller, Petroleum EngineerErin Miller, Petroleum EngineerRamon Trevino, Project ManagerRamon Trevino, Project Manager

Changbing Yang, GeochemistChangbing Yang, Geochemist

OutlineOutlineGulf of Mexico BasinGulf of Mexico Basin•• Geology & Sequestration OpportunityGeology & Sequestration OpportunityggSECARB Phase 3, Task 15 Capacity EstimateSECARB Phase 3, Task 15 Capacity Estimate•• MethodologyMethodologygygy•• Project Limits and BoundariesProject Limits and Boundaries•• Data Set & SourcesData Set & SourcesData Set & SourcesData Set & Sources•• WorkflowWorkflowCapacity ResultsCapacity ResultsCapacity ResultsCapacity Results•• QuantityQuantity

Distribution (maps)Distribution (maps)•• Distribution (maps)Distribution (maps)

What is Geological What is Geological COCO22 SequestrationSequestrationgg 22 qq

Concept is to dispose of COConcept is to dispose of CO22

in deep brinein deep brine--filled reservoirs filled reservoirs where it will be trapped for a where it will be trapped for a long time, > 1,000 yearslong time, > 1,000 yearslong time, 1,000 yearslong time, 1,000 years

Typically think of injecting Typically think of injecting COCO22 into a ‘formation’ within into a ‘formation’ within

il fi ld l il fi ld l an oil field or saltan oil field or salt--water water saturated domesaturated dome

“Capacity” is amount of CO“Capacity” is amount of CO22apa y a ou o Oapa y a ou o O22

that can be sequestered in a that can be sequestered in a geological formation (typically geological formation (typically measured in Metric Tons)measured in Metric Tons)measured in Metric Tons)measured in Metric Tons)

The Gulf of Mexico Basin is BIGThe Gulf of Mexico Basin is BIG

Gulf of Mexico BasinGulf of Mexico Basin is is made up of a very made up of a very made up of a very made up of a very thick wedgethick wedge of many, of many, many individual many individual many individual many individual formationsformations•• Vast area of very thick Vast area of very thick yy

sedimentary rocks sedimentary rocks requiresrequires different different approachapproach (than for ‘oil (than for ‘oil approachapproach (than for oil (than for oil field site’) for highfield site’) for high--level level characterization and characterization and capacity estimationcapacity estimation

(Brown & Loucks, 2009)

Gulf of Mexico Basin is aGulf of Mexico Basin is aWorldWorld Class Sedimentary WedgeClass Sedimentary WedgeWorldWorld--Class Sedimentary WedgeClass Sedimentary Wedge

(National Geophysical Center, Marine Geology& Geophysics Division)

Gulf of Mexico Basin Sediment Thickness Map:Gulf of Mexico Basin Sediment Thickness Map:Up to 50,000 ft of sedimentary rocks containing a multitude of Up to 50,000 ft of sedimentary rocks containing a multitude of

deepdeep--saline sandstone aquifers and trapssaline sandstone aquifers and traps

Total Sediment IsopachTotal Sediment IsopachGulf of Mexico BasinGulf of Mexico Basin

C 0 000 fC 0 000 fCI = 10,000 ftCI = 10,000 ft(3,048 m)(3,048 m)

100 mi

161 km(modified from Schaub et al., 1984; Armentrout, 1999)

Excellent SourceExcellent Source--Sink RelationshipSink RelationshipGulf of Mexico Basin Total Sediment Isopach CI = 10,000 ft (3,048 m)Gulf of Mexico Basin Total Sediment Isopach CI = 10,000 ft (3,048 m)

CO2 Sources:

Power

Refinery

Ethylene Ox.

Ethylene

Oil & i li

100 mi

161 km

Oil & gas pipelines

(Isopach modified from Schaub et al., 1984; Armentrout, 1999)

Project Boundaries for Task 15 Project Boundaries for Task 15 Capacity EstimateCapacity EstimateCapacity EstimateCapacity Estimate

CO2 Sources:

Power

Refinery

Ethylene Ox.

Ethylene

Oil & gas pipelines

100 mi

161 km

(Isopach modified from Schaub et al., 1984; Armentrout, 1999)

Opportunity to Leverage Over 60 Years of Opportunity to Leverage Over 60 Years of Offshore Petroleum Exploration & ProductionOffshore Petroleum Exploration & ProductionOffshore Petroleum Exploration & ProductionOffshore Petroleum Exploration & Production

•Voluminous information, data, and methodologies

•General cultural acceptance of subsurface operations

Focus of NETL/DOE-Texas GLO Miocene Offshore Repository

Project

Focus of Task 15 Capacity Estimate

Project

Oil & i li

CO2 Sources:

Power

100 mi

161 km

Oil & gas pipelines Refinery

Ethylene Ox.

Ethylene

SECARB Phase 3, Task 15 SECARB Phase 3, Task 15 C i E i G lf f M iC i E i G lf f M iCapacity Estimate, Gulf of MexicoCapacity Estimate, Gulf of Mexico

Focus on offshore Focus on offshore Texas, Louisiana, Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippiand MississippiExcludes Texas Excludes Texas State WatersState WatersState WatersState WatersSouthern boundary Southern boundary of Project Areaof Project Areadetermined by continental shelf margin where determined by continental shelf margin where determined by continental shelf margin where determined by continental shelf margin where waterwater--depth increases dramatically ~200 m depth increases dramatically ~200 m bathymetric contour bathymetric contour (>656 ft/200 m).(>656 ft/200 m).

S ll ti f Pli U it ill d th h lf d l ft S ll ti f Pli U it ill d th h lf d l ft ••Small portions of Pliocene Units spilled over the shelf edge; we left Small portions of Pliocene Units spilled over the shelf edge; we left them intact (did not clip)them intact (did not clip)

Capacity MethodologyCapacity MethodologyUsed MIT Capacity Method*Used MIT Capacity Method*Mass resource estimate potential of CO2 Mass resource estimate potential of CO2 Mass resource estimate potential of CO2, Mass resource estimate potential of CO2, saline formations issaline formations is

GG = A= A hh φφ ρρ EE (M i T )(M i T )GGCO2CO2 = A= Att hhgg φφtt ρρ EEsaline saline (Metric Tons)(Metric Tons)

WhereWhereAAtt = geographical area defining region of CO= geographical area defining region of CO22 storagestorageAAtt geographical area defining region of CO geographical area defining region of CO22 storagestorage

hhgg = gross formation thickness = gross formation thickness

φφtt = total porosity= total porosityφφtt p yp y

ρρ = density of CO= density of CO22 estimated at temperature and estimated at temperature and pressure of anticipated storage pressure of anticipated storage (reservoir)(reservoir)

conditionsconditions

EEsalinesaline = CO= CO22 storage efficiency factor storage efficiency factor (we used E(we used EP50P50 = 0.02)= 0.02)* U.S. DOE/NETL Carbon Sequestration Program, 2010, Draft Report: Method from Methodology for Method from Methodology for Development of Geologic Storage Potential for Carbon DioxideDevelopment of Geologic Storage Potential for Carbon Dioxide

Summary WorkflowSummary WorkflowU d l i i l i l lt d th il bl d t U d l i i l i l lt d th il bl d t Used voluminous previous geological results and other available data as Used voluminous previous geological results and other available data as foundation for stratigraphic frameworkfoundation for stratigraphic framework•• Main data sources:Main data sources:

Geologist performed regional reservoir characterization in Geologist performed regional reservoir characterization in PetraPetra (subsurface geoscience (subsurface geoscience

software)software)

•• Created Maps (grids in computer):Created Maps (grids in computer):StructureStructureSt uctu eSt uctu e

Interval IsopachInterval Isopach

Net SandstoneNet Sandstone ((hh))

PorosityPorosity ((PHIPHI))

PHI*hPHI*h

Geologist handed off Geologist handed off PHI*hPHI*h maps (grids) to GIS expertmaps (grids) to GIS expert

Aided by Geochemist & Petroleum Engineer, GIS expert calculated Aided by Geochemist & Petroleum Engineer, GIS expert calculated PressurePressure and and TemperatureTemperature (grids) from (grids) from StructureStructure

Geochemist calculated Geochemist calculated COCO22 DensityDensity from from PressurePressure and and TemperatureTemperature maps maps (grids)(grids)

GIS expert calculated GIS expert calculated CapacityCapacity, clipped grids above 800 m/2,600 ft and/or , clipped grids above 800 m/2,600 ft and/or landward of Federal OCS boundary; summed individual units (Total)landward of Federal OCS boundary; summed individual units (Total)

** Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement * Gulf Basin Depositional Synthesis, U. Texas Inst. for Geophysics

Data Set & SourcesData Set & SourcesWell ControlWell Control: Total wells (57,243) used in project. Sourced from IHS Energy and BOEMRE (MMS).: Total wells (57,243) used in project. Sourced from IHS Energy and BOEMRE (MMS).

“Sand“Sand--Bearing Interval Thickness” MapsBearing Interval Thickness” Maps: Distilled from 9 maps, Pliocene: Distilled from 9 maps, Pliocene--Oligocene Oligocene stratigraphic intervals from GBDS.stratigraphic intervals from GBDS.

Structure MapsStructure Maps: Distilled from 6 maps, Pliocene: Distilled from 6 maps, Pliocene--Eocene stratigraphic intervals from GBDS and Eocene stratigraphic intervals from GBDS and integrated with paleo tops from BOEMRE (MMS).integrated with paleo tops from BOEMRE (MMS).

PaleontologyPaleontology: Reports available (17,885 wells) for Pleistocene: Reports available (17,885 wells) for Pleistocene--Oligocene stratigraphic intervals Oligocene stratigraphic intervals from BOEMRE (MMS).from BOEMRE (MMS).

Reservoir PorosityReservoir Porosity: Porosity data available (10,601 wells) for Pleistocene: Porosity data available (10,601 wells) for Pleistocene--Oligocene Oligocene stratigraphic intervals from BOEMRE (MMS).stratigraphic intervals from BOEMRE (MMS).stratigraphic intervals from BOEMRE (MMS).stratigraphic intervals from BOEMRE (MMS).

BOEMRE = Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement GBDS = Gulf Basin Depositional Synthesis, U. Texas Inst. for Geophysics

Microfossil Zones Define Geologic UnitsMicrofossil Zones Define Geologic UnitsGBDS* (Galloway et al. 2000) BOEMRE** aka ‘MMS’ (2003)

This studyGeologic Sequestration Units (GSU)Geologic Sequestration Units (GSU)

Pleistocene:lies in deep water (>1,000 ft)

Upper Pliocene GSU

Lower Pliocene GSULower Pliocene GSU

U Mi GSUUpper Miocene GSU

Lower Miocene GSU

Oligocene GSU

Eocene, Paleoceneand Mesozoic:

too deeply buried (>15 000 ft) and/or lie in

** Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement

Oligocene GSU

* Gulf Basin Depositional Synthesis, U. Texas Inst. for Geophysics

(>15,000 ft) and/or lie in deep water (>1,000 ft)

Results: Results: Offshore Gulf of Mexico Offshore Gulf of Mexico COCO22 Capacity Estimate (PCapacity Estimate (P5050))DeepDeep saline sandstonessaline sandstonesDeepDeep--saline sandstonessaline sandstones

COCO22 Capacity for 5 GSU’s:Capacity for 5 GSU’s:22•• Upper Pliocene GSU . . . . 105 Billion Metric Tons Upper Pliocene GSU . . . . 105 Billion Metric Tons •• Lower Pliocene GSU . . . . 144 Billion Metric TonsLower Pliocene GSU . . . . 144 Billion Metric Tons•• Upper Miocene GSU 199 Billion Metric TonsUpper Miocene GSU 199 Billion Metric Tons•• Upper Miocene GSU . . . . 199 Billion Metric TonsUpper Miocene GSU . . . . 199 Billion Metric Tons•• Lower Miocene GSU. . . . . .89 Billion Metric TonsLower Miocene GSU. . . . . .89 Billion Metric Tons•• Oligocene GSU . . . . . . . . .21 Billion Metric TonsOligocene GSU . . . . . . . . .21 Billion Metric Tons

Total CapacityTotal Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . 559 Billion Metric Tons559 Billion Metric Tons

GSU = Geological Sequestration UnitGSU = Geological Sequestration Unit

COCO22 Capacity Map: Capacity Map: Oligocene GSUOligocene GSUOffshore Gulf of Mexico Offshore Gulf of Mexico

21 Billion Metric Tons21 Billion Metric Tons

High : 36

GSU = Geological Sequestration UnitGSU = Geological Sequestration Unit(Millon Metric Tons CO2)

COCO22 Capacity Map: Capacity Map: Lower Miocene GSULower Miocene GSUOffshore Gulf of Mexico Offshore Gulf of Mexico

89 Billion Metric Tons89 Billion Metric Tons

High : 57

GSU = Geological Sequestration UnitGSU = Geological Sequestration Unit(Millon Metric Tons CO2)

COCO22 Capacity Map: Capacity Map: Upper Miocene GSUUpper Miocene GSUOffshore Gulf of Mexico Offshore Gulf of Mexico

199 Billion Metric Tons199 Billion Metric Tons

High : 55

GSU = Geological Sequestration UnitGSU = Geological Sequestration Unit(Millon Metric Tons CO2)

COCO22 Capacity Map: Capacity Map: Lower Pliocene Lower Pliocene GSUGSUGSUGSU

Offshore Gulf of Mexico Offshore Gulf of Mexico 144 Billion Metric Tons144 Billion Metric Tons

High : 36

GSU = Geological Sequestration UnitGSU = Geological Sequestration Unit(Millon Metric Tons CO2)

COCO22 Capacity Map: Capacity Map: Upper Pliocene Upper Pliocene GSUGSUGSUGSU

Offshore Gulf of Mexico Offshore Gulf of Mexico 105 Billion Metric Tons105 Billion Metric Tons

High : 34

GSU = Geological Sequestration UnitGSU = Geological Sequestration Unit

(Millon Metric Tons CO2)

COCO22 Capacity Map: Capacity Map: TOTALTOTALOffshore Gulf of Mexico Offshore Gulf of Mexico

Sum of 5 GSU’s = 559 Billion Metric TonsSum of 5 GSU’s = 559 Billion Metric Tons

High : 90

GSU = Geological Sequestration UnitGSU = Geological Sequestration Unit(Millon Metric Tons CO2)

ConclusionsConclusionsGulf of Mexico Basin has worldGulf of Mexico Basin has world--class class geological sequestration potentialgeological sequestration potential•• Very thick sedimentary wedgeVery thick sedimentary wedgeVery thick sedimentary wedgeVery thick sedimentary wedge

•• Many suitable sandstone reservoirsMany suitable sandstone reservoirs

Cenozoic rocks have best potentialCenozoic rocks have best potential•• Oligocene, Miocene and PlioceneOligocene, Miocene and Plioceneg ,g ,

Total Capacity is 559 Billion Metric Total Capacity is 559 Billion Metric TTTonsTons

THE ENDTHE END

Thank YouThank YouThank YouThank You

Offshore Gulf of Mexico: Capacity for 50 Offshore Gulf of Mexico: Capacity for 50 years of COyears of CO Sequestration for > 2 000Sequestration for > 2 000years of COyears of CO22 Sequestration for > 2,000 Sequestration for > 2,000

‘Average’ Coal‘Average’ Coal--fired Power Plants?fired Power Plants?Average = 5 MM metric tons COAverage = 5 MM metric tons CO22 per yearper year