Seat Increase: BN’s ultimate weapon in GE14? · Seat Increase: BN’s ultimate weapon in GE14? Dr Wong Chin Huat Fellow, Penang Institute Resource Person, BERSIH 2.0-Engage-DART

Seat Increase: BN’s ultimate weapon in GE14?

Dr Wong Chin Huat Fellow, Penang Institute

Resource Person, BERSIH 2.0-Engage-DART Briefing for Parliamentarians, the Parliament

2014.03.31

BN’s 3 Magic Tools:

• Malapportionment

–manipulation in electorate size

• Gerrymandering

–manipulation in electorate composition

• Seat Increase –Manipulation of politicians’ judgement

Seat Increase: More People, More Lawmakers?

3

Seat Increase:

Closing Inter-state Malapportionment?

By Cheng Eng Aun 4

Why must we have more lawmakers?

435 435

94

314

1911 2013

The Growth of Population and Congress

in US (1911-2013)

US Congressmen US Population (M)

144

222

9.4

26

1965 2005

The Growth of Population and Parliament

in Malaysia (1965-2005)

Malaysian MPs Malaysian Population (M)

5

Malaysia Boleh --- Let’s have 26 more MPs than India in 75 years?

6

154

177

180

192

193

219 222 253

552

288

328

374

417

465 518

578

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Projected Parliamentary Expansion in India and Malaysia

Number of Malaysian MPs and Projection (after GE13)

Maximum Number of Indian MPs and Projection (after GE13)

GE04-GE07:

+15%!

GE07-GE09:

+8.5%!

GE09-GE11:

+14%!

Projected Expansion Rate in GE14 and after

+14% / 2 GEs

Redelineation First, Seat Increase Later

Peninsula and Labuan

Sabah Sarawak

Constituency Redelination

1st Notice of Display 2002.08.08 2002.08.08 2005.01.07

2nd Notice of Display 2003.01.16 2002.12.26 2005.04.22

EC report laid before Dewan Rakyat

2003.04.03 2003.04.03 2005.06.23

Draft Order passed by Dewan Rakyat

2003.04.08 2003.04.08 2005.07.04

Order Gazetted 2003.05.01 2003.05.01 2005.08.01

Seat Increase

Amendment of Article 46 passed by Dewan Rakyat

2003.06.19 2003.06.19 2005.09.29

Amendment of Article 46 Gazetted

2003.08.14 2003.08.14 2005.12.31

Acknowledgement: Parliamentary Library; The Malaysian Bar especially Dr Pathmavathy Satyamoorthy, Santhi Latha and Anusha Gopalan Krishnan; Lu Wei Hong; and Cheng Eng Aun

Why the Confusions?

Issue Consideration Decision Maker

Pre-1962 Post-1973 (by design)

2003 & 2005 Redelineation (in practice)

Total Seats Effectiveness of Parliament; Quality of Representation;

Step 1: Parliament (Article 46)

Step 1: Parliament (Article 46)

Step 2: Election Commission (Article 46)

Interstate Apportionment

Electorate Size and Power of State

Step 2: Election Commission (Article 116) Districting Electorate Size

and Local Ties Step 2: Election Commission (13th Schedule)

Step 1: Election Commission (13th Schedule)

• Consideration 1: effectiveness of Parliament

• Consideration 2: quality of representation

How big should the Parliament be?

9

An average MP spoke and was heard for

2012

02：31：37

The Dewan Rakyat met for

560：58：00

Should we have MORE MPs so that each can speak LESS?

By Nicholas Chan

• Two standard methods in gerrymandering: – Packing (your opponents’ supporters so that they

can only win few constituencies)

– Cracking (your opponents’ supporters so that they cannot win marginal constituencies)

• By packing opposition supporters in a new seat, – BN’s marginal seats can be saved

– PR’s marginal seats can be cracked

How may seat increase make GE14 outcome more predetermined?

• In GE13, BN won 52.45% of total votes but 100% of 4 Parliamentary Seats surrounding Johor Bahru.

• With price hike, plane crash and other factors, BN support may fall in GE14 and it may lose 3 seats if there is a drop by 3% points.

• Without new seats, helping one BN candidate may hurt another one.

How may seat increase make GE14 outcome more predetermined?

P160 Johor Bahru Shahrir Abdul Samad (UMNO)

56.46%

P161 Pulai Nur Jazlan Mohamed (UMNO)

51.91%

P158 Tebrau Khoo Soo Seng (MCA)

51.13%

P159 Pasir Gudang Normala Abdul Samad (UMNO)

50.54%

11

Who should Gerry help?

How to gerrymander within these 4 constituencies?

Blue – BN >= 55% Light Blue – BN 50%-<55% Magenta – PR 50%-<55% Red – PR > 55%

By HY

Without additional seats Seats GE 13 After Boundary Adjustment

Voters Margin Voters Margin

P158 Tebrau 90,482 1767 (BN) 95695 2587

P159 Pasir Gudang 101,041 935 (BN) 98936 1671

P160 Johor Bahru 96,321 10,134 (BN) 96955 6154

P161 Pulai 100,490 3226 (BN) 97748 2095

Seats After Boundary Adjustment

Voters Margin

P158 Terbrau 78394 7187 (BN)

P159 Pasir Gudang 73975 8324 (BN)

P160 JB Timor 78807 -17029 (PR)

P160A JB Barat 79034 10463 (BN)

P161 Pulai 78124 3562

With 1 additional seat

Without Adding Seats

No matter how much adjustment is made, only 1 seat (JB) can be made safe. Possibly, in total, PR 3: BN1, a PR’s net lead of 2.

Add 1 Additional Seat

With addition of just 1 seat, 3 seat are super safe, and 1 winnable and PR get 1 super safe seat (JB Timor). Overall: BN 4: PR 1, a BN’s net lead of 3. Compared to the previous scenario, BN’s fortune turns from -2 to +3, a net gain of 5 seats!

What about gerrymandering into neighbouring constituencies, without new seats?

Polling districts on the eastern front are heavily BN. Adding in these polling districts may result in the JB constituencies excessively larger than neighbouring rural constituencies (Kota Tinggi and Tenggara). Polling districts on the western front are quite pro-PR. Gerrymandering towards that direction will mean transfer out these polling districts, which will make Gelang Patah excessively large. Combining these two moves, BN may still be marginal in 1-2 constituencies in the middle.

By HY

Possible Scenario in Selangor • These 5 Parliamentary

Constituencies have 460,315 voters (7x national average)

• In GE13, BN won 2 marginally (2:3), a lead of 1

• In GE14, BN may lose all 5 (0:5), a net loss of 5

• If 1 seat can be added, it’s possible for BN to secure the 2 marginals and win the new seat (3:3), an even.

• This would mean an improvement from a net loss of 5 to possibly an even, a net gain in 5.

Hulu Selangor 85.697 (BN: 50.89%)

Kuala Selangor 62,298 (BN: 50.42%)

Selayang 101,236 (BN: 37.90%)

Gombak 123,290 (BN 47.53%)

Ampang 83,135 (BN 40.60%)

Possible Scenario in Terengganu

• With 634,944 voters (10x national average), Terengganu can count on increase up to 2 seats

• 1 seat can be added between Kuala Terengganu, Marang and Setiu, to be won by UMNO.

• Kuala Nerus can be wrested in the process.

• Another 1 seat can be added between Dungun and Kemaman, which UMNO stands a good chance of winning.

• With status quo, UMNO: PAS = 4: 4 (a net lead of 0)

• With 2 new seats, it could well be UMNO: PAS = 6:4 (a net lead of 2) or even 7:3 (a net lead of 4)

Kuala Terengganu 94,406 (BN: 43.23%)

Besut 72,566 (BN: 56.71%)

Hulu Terengganu 63,543 (BN: 57.38%)

Marang 90,795 (BN 46.83%)

Kemaman 91,442 (BN: 57.81%)

Dungun 78,174 (BN: 46.78%)

Kuala Nerus 76,238 (BN: 49.55%)

Setiu 67,280 (BN: 56.79%)

What about other states?

Seat increase will likely benefit BN in also • Kedah • Kelantan • Malacca • KL • Sabah • Sarawak • Pahang • Perak

Thank you

Extra 1

Why You Just Cant Trust the EC

• View 1: Malapportionment

By Cheng Eng Aun

Violation of the “1 Person, 1 Vote, 1 Value” Principle?

• View 2: Malapportionment + Gerrymandering


47.38%

20.39%

15.71% 14.77%

59.91%

13.51%

17.12%

9.46%

126.00%

66.00%

109.00%

64.00%

BN PKR DAP PAS

Seats-Votes Disproportionality in the Parliamentary Elections 2013

Vote % Seat % Relative Value

• View 2: Malapportionment + Gerrymandering


Jika 1 undi = RM1, dan Harga 1kg sugar RM 1 如果一票=RM1，而白糖每公斤RM1 If 1 Vote = RM1 and RM1 buys you 1kg sugar

BN DAPAT 买到 RECEIVED 1.26KG

PKR 0.66KG

DAP 1.09KG

PAS 0.64KG

PR 0.79KG

Kerusi dalam Parlimen 国会议席

Seats in Parliament

By Thomas Fann

DAPAT 买到 RECEIVED




PRU

选举 Elections

Bilangan undi pembangkang utama untuk melawan 1 undi Perikatan/Bn

与联盟/国阵一张选票等值，主要在野党所需赢得的选票数目 Votes for Main Opposition Parties to match 1 Alliance/ BN vote

Parti Pembangkang No 1

最大在野党

Largest Opposition Party


第二大在野党 Second Largest Opposition Party


第三大在野党 Third Largest Opposition Party

1955 PN Infinity PAS 2.54 NAP Infinity

1959 PAS 2.34 Labour 2.31 PPP 2.25

1964 SF 12.25 PAS 2.47 UDP 6.65

1969 PAS 3.39 DAP 1.79 Gerakan 1.81

1974 DAP 4.52 SNAP 1.37 Pekemas 11.39

1978 DAP 2.72 PAS 7.03 Pekemas Infinity

1982 DAP 4.75 PAS 6.30 PSRM Infinity

1986 DAP 2.27 PAS 40.41 PSRM Infinity

1990 DAP 2.10 S46 4.48 PAS 2.28

1995 DAP 3.33 S46 4.22 PAS 2.59

1999 PAS 1.45 DAP 3.28 PKN 6.11

2004 PAS 8.15 DAP 2.58 PKR 26.08

2008 PKR 1.67 PAS 1.70 DAP 1.37

2013 PKR 1.91 PAS 1.98 DAP 1.19

Federal Constitution, Thirteenth Schedule, Part 1, Section 2

(c) the number of electors within each constituency in a State ought to be approximately equal except that, having regard to the greater difficulty of reaching electors in the country districts and the other disadvantage facing rural constituencies, a measure of weightage for area ought to be given to such constituencies;

• Equal apportionment is rule, malapportionment has to

be exceptional and justifiably pro-rural

Constitutional Provision Against Malapportionment

27

56,007

72,387

36,989

19,304

P9 Alor Star P16 Baling N29 Sri Serdang N30 Kinrara

Intra-State Malapportionment within the same state (Kedah) and

the same Parliamentary Constituency (P103 Puchong)

Proposed Electorate at the 2003 Redelineation (2001 figure)

Anti-rural and Unjustified Malapportionment

28

Is Baling a Metropolis? Is Kinrara twice

as backward as Sri Serdang?


(a) while having regard to the desirability of giving all electors reasonably convenient opportunities of going to the polls, constituencies ought to be delimited so that they do not cross State boundaries and regard ought to be had to the inconvenience of State constituencies crossing the boundaries of federal constituencies;

(b) regard ought to be to the administrative facilities available within the constituencies for the establishment of the necessary registration and polling machines;

(d) regard ought to be had to the inconveniences attendant on alterations of constituencies, and to the maintenance of local ties.

Constitutional Provision Against Gerrymandering

29

Gerrymandering Type 1: Crossing Municipal/District Boundaries

30

1 Parliamentary Constituency in 4 Local Authorities!

Gerrymandering Type 2: Arbitrary Combination of Communities (within the same Municipality/District)

31

The State Constituency of Selat Klang consists of two unconnected parts: urban settlement and islands.

Gerrymandering Type 3: Partitioning Neighbourhoods

N31 Subang Jaya N32 Seri Setia

32

• Address：278-D, Kg Abdullah, 85000 Segamat.

• Constituencies before 2003：P125 Segamat

• Constituencies after 2003

– Mr Ong ：

• P140 Segamat - N02 Jementah

– Mrs Ong and other family members：

• P141 Sekijang - N03 Pemanis

One bed, two constituencies?

33

Gerrymandering Type 4: Teleporting Voters

http://www.pasukanp140.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/map-kg-abdullah-1024x887.png

Transfer of voters by way of electoral roll re-organisation after constituency redelineation.

34

Extra 2

How you can fight the EC

in redelineation: The DART way

National Launch of DART on 9th March 2014, Menara PKNS, PJ

EC informing PM and Speaker of Dewan Rakyat

EC publishing a NOTICE in Gazette and Newspaper(s) about the effect of recommended boundaries and venues of maps display.

EC make REVISION

INQUIRY

30 Days to make OBJECTIONS – 1. State

governments 2. Local

authorities 3. Group of

100+ affected voters.

EC submit REPORT to PM

PM to lay report before the Dewan Rakyat with a DRAFT ORDER (with or without

modifications to recommendations)

Dewan Rakyat to approve the draft order on a SIMPLE MAJORITY

PM to AMEND the draft order.

YANG DI-PERTUAN AGONG to make the Order

The Constituency Delineation Process according to Part 2, Schedule 13, Federal Constitution

Objections fulfilling conditions

No objections or not fulfilling conditions

Objections accepted

Objections rejected

Mandatory to repeat once

Can proceed after 2nd revision

No

Yes

By Dr Wong Chin Huat

3

Objections Classified 2003 –

Peninsula and Labuan

2003 – Sabah

2005 – Sarawak

FIRST DISPLAY

Objections not fulfilling conditions 142 38 13

Objections fulfilling Conditions

By State or local governments 5

By 100 or more affected voters 138 28 13

TOTAL 285 66 26

SECOND DISPLAY

Objections not fulfilling conditions 36 14 2

Objections fulfilling Conditions

By State or local governments

By 100 or more affected voters 11 2 8

TOTAL 47 16 10

Untuk meningkatkan BILANGAN bantahan. To increase the QUANTITY of objections.

Untuk meningkatkan MUTU bantahan. To raise the QUALITY of objections.

Membuat BANTAHAN berkesan berdasarkan peruntukan Perlembagaan Senarai Semak Make effective OBJECTIONS based on the Constitutional provisions Check List

Membuat HUJAH berkesan dalam Siasatan Tempatan Sempadan Alternatif

Make effective CASES in Inquiries Alternative Boundaries

Pasukan Tindakan & Kajian Persempadan) It stands for Delineation Action & Research Team.

Inisiatif persempadanan oleh rakyat. A Citizens’ Constituency Re-delineation Exercise.

Di reka untuk orang biasa – senang guna tapi berkesan It is designed with the ordinary citizen in mind – easy to use but powerful.

Usaha bersame Bersih 2.0 dan ENGAGE It was developed by ENGAGE and endorsed by BERSIH 2.0.

Percuma dan boleh di muat turun. It is FREE and FREELY available.

To TRAIN and EQUIP affected voters to object to any UNFAIR or UNCONSTITUTIONAL delineation by the EC.

Untuk MELATIH dan MELENGKAPKAN pengundi terjejas untuk membantah apa-apa persempadanan yang tidak adil oleh Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya.

PERLEMBAGAAN PERSEKUTUAN / FEDERAL CONSTITUTION

JADUAL 13, SEK 2 / 3TH SCHEDULE, PART 1, SEC 2

PE

TA

/M

AP

S

DA

TA

SE

NA

RA

I S

EM

AK

/C

HE

CK

LIS

T

LA

TIH

AN

&

B

AN

TU

AN

TR

AIN

/ S

UP

PO

RT

LA

T

BANTAHAN YG KUKUH

LEGALLY-SOUND CHALLENGE

Current

boundaries

Parliament,

DUN and DM

Roads, rivers,

rail tracks

Districts

Municipali-ties

Google Maps

+-15% -

urban/semi-

urban

-33% - rural

Voters in

each Polling

Districts

Problematic

voters list

Based on

Federal

Constitution

Deals with

malapportion

- ment &

gerrymander-

ing

Easy

language

Build f

rom

gro

und u

p

for

cit

izens b

y c

itiz

ens

PEMBAHAGIAN TIDAK SEKATA Malapportionment

PERSEMPADANAN TIDAK ADIL Gerrymandering

PEMINDAHAN PELIK (sama alamat, lain kawasan pilihanraya) Teleportation (same address, different constituencies)


(c) the number of electors within each constituency in a State ought to be approximately equal except that, having regard to the greater difficulty of reaching electors in the country districts and the other disadvantages facing rural constituencies, a measure of weightage for area ought to be given to such constituencies;

Perlembagaan Persekutuan, Jadual ke-13, Bahagian 1, Seksyen 2 (c) bilangan pemilih di dalam setiap bahagian pilihan raya di dalam sesuatu Negeri patut lah lebih kurang sama banyak kecuali bahawa, dengan mengambil kira kesulitan yang lebih besar untuk sampai kepada pemilih di dalam daerah desa dan kesukaran lain yang dihadapi oleh bahagian-bahagian pilihan raya di luar bandar, ukuran pewajaran bagi kawasan patutlah diberikan kepada bahagian-bahagian pilihan raya;

Skima klasifikasi SPR – bandaraya, bandar, separa bandar, separa desa, desa – tidak berasas dari sisi Perlembagaan

The EC’s classification scheme – metropolis, urban, semi urban, semi rural and rural – has no constitutional basis.

Semua kawasan pilihanraya dalam negeri sama patutlah “lebih kurang sama banyak”, dalam ringkungan +-15% (piawaian 1957) daripada purata negeri

All constituencies within the same state should have “approximately equal” electorate size, within the range of +-15% from the state average (the 1957 standard)

Kekecualian dibenarkan untuk kawasan desa dan pedalaman sampai -33.33% (piawaian 1955) daripada purata negeri

Exceptions are allowed for rural and inland constituencies, up to -33.33% from the state average (the 1955 standard)

Kawasan pilihanraya dalam Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan/Daerah terpencil mungkin mempunyai saiz lebih kecil daripada piawaian di atas jika keadaan ini perlu untuk menghormati sempadan PBT/Daerah

Constituencies in remote Local Authorities/Administrative Districts may have even smaller sizes from the above standard if this is necessary to respect the LA/AD boundary

Jumlah Pengundi/Electorate = 1,040,522; Kerusi/Seats = 15; Purata/Average = 69,368; Biasa/General = +/-15%; Max = 79,773; Min = 58,963

Kecualian /Exception = -33% = 46,477

Too big

Too small

-33%

-15%

Kerusi Parlimen Pengundi

P010 KUALA KEDAH 95,328

P015 SUNGAI PETANI 93,176

P016 BALING 93,168

P014 MERBOK 85,908

P008 POKOK SENA 80,714

P012 JERAI 74,410

P017 PADANG SERAI 73,549

P011 PENDANG 70,135

P009 ALOR STAR 69,009

P006 KUBANG PASU 65,550

P018 KULIM-BANDAR BAHARU 60,910

P005 JERLUN 52,383

P013 SIK 46,786

P007 PADANG TERAP 41,960

P004 LANGKAWI 37,536

+15%

-15%

-33%

Kes Istimewa? Special Case?

Jumlah Pengundi/Electorate = 1,040,522; Kerusi/Seats = 36; Purata/Average = 28,903; Biasa/General = +/-15%; Max = 33,239; Min = 24,568

Kecualian/Exception = -33% = 19,365

Terl

alu

Besar

T

oo b

ig

Terl

alu

Kecil

Too s

mall

+15%

-15%

-33%

N25 BUKIT SELAMBAU 49,087

N34 LUNAS 40,498

N26 TANJONG DAWAI 36,821

N06 JITRA 36,322

N19 SUNGAI TIANG 35,512

N28 BAKAR ARANG 34,743

N18 TOKAI 34,623

N30 BAYU 34,570

N16 KUBANG ROTAN 34,559

N35 KULIM 34,404

N27 PANTAI MERDEKA 33,282

N33 MERBAU PULAS 33,051

N17 PENGKALAN KUNDOR 31,788

N31 KUPANG 30,511

N04 AYER HITAM 29,567

N05 BUKIT KAYU HITAM 29,228

N15 ANAK BUKIT 28,981

N12 BAKAR BATA 28,186

N32 KUALA KETIL 28,087

N09 BUKIT LADA 27,593

N20 SUNGAI LIMAU 27,287

N11 DERGA 26,695

N36 BANDAR BAHARU 26,506

N10 BUKIT PINANG 26,426

N22 GURUN 26,037

N24 JENERI 25,586

N14 ALOR MENGKUDU 25,357

N29 SIDAM 25,151

N03 KOTA SIPUTEH 22,816

N07 KUALA NERANG 21,651

N23 BELANTEK 21,200

N21 GUAR CHEMPEDAK 21,086

N08 PEDU 20,309

N01 AYER HANGAT 20,130

N02 KUAH 17,406

N13 KOTA DARUL AMAN 15,466

Kes Istimewa? Special Case?

Perlembagaan Persekutuan, Jadual ke-13, Bahagian 1, Seksyen 2 Federal Constitution, Thirteenth Schedule, Part 1, Section 2

(a)...bahagian-bahagian pilihan raya patutlah disempadankan supaya tidak merentasi sempadan Negeri dan patutlah juga diberikan perhatian kepada kesulitan bahagian pilihan raya Negeri merentasi sempadan bahagian-bahagian pilihan raya persekutuan;

(a) ..constituencies ought to be delimited so that they do not

cross State boundaries and regard ought to be had to the inconveniences of State constituencies crossing the boundaries of federal constituencies;

Perlembagaan Persekutuan, Jadual ke-13, Bahagian 1, Seksyen 2 Federal Constitution, Thirteenth Schedule, Part 1, Section 2

(d) perhatian patutlah diberikan kepada kesulitan yang akan timbul dengan perubahan bahagian-bahagian pilihan raya, dan kepada pemeliharaan hubungan tempatan

(d) regard ought to be had to the inconveniences attendant on alterations of constituencies, and to the maintenance of local ties.

Jika kawasan Parlimen tidak boleh merentasi sempadan negeri, dan kawasan DUN tidak harus merentasi sempadan kawasan parlimen (PP/J13/P1/S2b), maka kawasan DUN juga tidak harus merentasi sempadan Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan/Daerah.

If Parliamentary constituencies cannot cross State boundaries dan state constituencies should not cross boundaries of parliamentary constituencies (FC/13S/P1/S2b), then state constituencies also should not cross boundaries of Local Authorities/Administrative Districts

X X

X!

Setiap kawasan DUN mesti terletak dalam 1PBT/Daerah* sahaja

Every state constituency must fall within 1 Local Authority/Administrative District*

Setiap kawasan Parlimen boleh merangkumi paling banyak kawasan 2 PBT/Daerah sahaja, jika tidak dapat berada dalam PBT/Daerah* yang sama

Every parliamentary constituency must not span across more than 2 Local Authorities/Administrative Districts* if it cannot fall within 1.

* mana yang berkenaan / whichever relevant

Apakah sempadan pilihanraya memecahbelahkan komuniti tempatan?

Do electoral boundaries break up local communities?

22

“Pemindahan Pelik” Pengundi (alamat sama, kawasan pilihanraya berlainan) secara langsung memecahkan hubungan tempatan.

“Teleportation” (same address, different constituencies) directly breaks up local ties.

Ini harus dikesan dan diperbetulkan dalam proses persempadanan

This should be discovered and corrected during redelineation

23

Bilangan Pengundi Electorate %

Bilangan

Ahli Parlimen No of MPs

Bilangan ADUN No of State Assemblypersons

Selangor 2,048,828 22 56

MPSJ 214,068 10.45% 2 6

? ?

?

?

Subang-Sunway 30,108

USJ 42,967

Kinrara 35,947

Bandar Puchong 42,853

Seri Serdang 27,684

Seri Kembangan 29,893

Selangor State Constituency Average: 36,586; max 42,074 (+15%); min 31,098 (-15%); rural min 24,003 (-33%)

?

?

?

?

Subang Jaya 115,928

Serdang 93,524

Selangor Parliamentary Constituency Average: 93,129; max 107,098 (+15%); min 79,159 (-15%); rural min 62,117 (-33%)

?

LDP ?

KESAS?

Peralatan Tools: 1. Google Earth 2. Excel

Kenali sempadan anda KINI

100+ pengundi sah

DART P158

Apa yang perlu dilakukan?

Semakan SENARAI BAGI BANTAHAN (sebagai amalan sahaja)

Membentukan JAWATANKUASA TERAS

BERSIHKAN senarai pengundi yang kotor

Sediakan sempadan PILIHAN anda

BANDING peta SPR dgn peta anda

SPR menerbitkan persempadan baru – 30 hari bermula

Semakan SENARAI BAGI BANTAHAN

Buat BANTAHAN pada SPR

Salin dan tampal dari TEMPLATE SURAT BANTAHAN

Get to know your CURRENT boundaries

100+ voters

DART P158

What to do?

Go thru CHECKLIST of Grounds for Objections (as a practice)

Form a CORE committee of community leaders,lawyers,analyst,activists

CLEAN-UP dirty electoral roll

CREATE the preferred delineation for your constituency

COMPARE EC’s map with yours

EC presents new delineation

30 DAYS BEGIN

Go thru CHECKLIST of GOs

CHALLENGE EC’s recommendations

COPY & PASTE from Legal Template

DART Nasional

Undang /

Advokasi Tech / Peta

Grounds Op

/ Bantuan

Penyeleras

Negeri

Pasukan

Teras DART

Pengundi

Terjejas

Publisiti/

Media

Pentadbir/

Pendaftar

LAMAN WEB BANTUAN -Peta -Berita terkini -Fail terkini -Perkongsian pengetahuan

KOMUNIKASI -Google groups -FB Messenger groups -Whatsapp group -SMS

DART National

Legal /

Advocacy

Tech /

Mapping

Ground Op

/ Support

State

Coordinator

DART Core

Team

Affected

Voters

Publicity/

Media

Admin/

Registrar

SUPPORT WEBSITE -Maps -News updates -Latest files -Knowledge sharing

COMMUNICATION -Google groups -FB Messenger groups -Whatsapp group -SMS

Documents

Seat Increase: BN’s ultimate weapon in GE14? · Seat Increase: BN’s ultimate weapon in GE14? Dr Wong Chin Huat Fellow, Penang Institute Resource Person, BERSIH 2.0-Engage-DART