Searches and Seizures Digest Part2

8/18/2019 Searches and Seizures Digest Part2

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Pasion Vda. de Garcia vs. Locsin

[GR 45950, 20 June 1938] First Division, Laurel (J): 6 concur

Facts: On 10 November 1934, Mariano G. Almea, an a!en" o# "$e An"i%&'ur( )oar,

ob"aine #rom "$e *u'"i+e o# "$e ea+e o# -arla+, -arla+, a 'ear+$ arran" +ommanin! an(

o/+er o# "$e la "o 'ear+$ "$e er'on, $ou'e or '"ore o# eona a'ion a. e Gar+ia a"

i+"oria, -arla+, #or +er"ain boo', li'"', +$i"', re+ei"', o+umen"' an o"$er aer' rela"in!

"o $er a+"ivi"ie' a' u'urer. -$e 'ear+$ arran" a' i''ue uon an a/avi" !iven b( "$e

'ai Almea "$a" $e $a' an "$ere i' *u'" an robable +au'e "o believe an $e oe'

believe "$a" eona a'ion e Gar+ia ee' an +on+eal' in $er $ou'e an '"ore a" i+"oria,

-arla+, +er"ain boo', li'"', +$i"', re+ei"', o+umen"', an o"$er aer' rela"in! "o $er

a+"ivi"ie' a' u'urer, all o# $i+$ i' +on"rar( "o "$e '"a"u"e in 'u+$ +a'e' mae an rovie.

On "$e 'ame a"e, Almea, a++omanie b( a +a"ain o# "$e $iliine 6on'"abular(, en"

"o "$e o/+e o# a'ion e Gar+ia in i+"oria, -arla+ an, a#"er '$oin! "$e 'ear+$ arran" "o"$e la""er7' booeeer, Al#reo ala', an, i"$ou" a'ion e Gar+ia7' re'en+e $o a' ill

an +onne a" "$e "ime, ro+eee i"$ "$e e:e+u"ion "$ereo#. -o a+a!e' o# re+or'

an a lo+e lin! +abine" +on"ainin! 'everal aer' an o+umen"' ere 'ei;e b( Almea

an a re+ei" "$ere#or i''ue b( $im "o ala'. -$e aer' an o+umen"' 'ei;e ere e"

#or a +on'ierable len!"$ o# "ime b( "$e An"i%&'ur( )oar an "$erea#"er ere "urne over b(

i" "o "$e rovin+ial '+al <eli: =merial, $o 'ub'e>uen"l( le, in "$e 6our" o# <ir'" =n'"an+e

?6<=@ o# -arla+, 'eara"e +riminal +a'e' a!ain'" a'ion e Gar+ia #or viola"ion o# "$e An"i%

&'ur( a. On 'everal o++a'ion', a#"er 'ei;ure, a'ion e Gar+ia, "$rou!$ +oun'el,

emane #rom "$e An"i%&'ur( )oar "$e re"urn o# "$e o+umen"' 'ei;e. On Januar( B, an,

b( mo"ion, on 4 June 193B, "$e le!ali"( o# "$e 'ear+$ arran" a' +$allen!e b( a'ion e

Gar+ia7' +oun'el in "$e +riminal +a'e' an "$e evolu"ion o# "$e o+umen"' emane. )(re'olu"ion o# 5 O+"ober 193B, Ju!e Cie!o o+'in ?6<=@ enie a'ion e !ar+ia7' mo"ion o#

June 4 #or "$e rea'on "$a" "$ou!$ "$e 'ear+$ arran" a' ille!al, "$ere a' a aiver on "$e

la""er7' ar". A mo"ion #or re+on'iera"ion a' re'en"e bu" a' enie b(

orer o# 3 Januar( 1938. a'ion e Gar+ia re!i'"ere $er e:+e"ion.

Issue: D$e"$er "$e la+ o# er'onal e:amina"ion o# i"ne''e' rener' "$e arran" voi.

Held: <reeom #rom unrea'onable 'ear+$e' an 'ei;ure' i' e+lare a oular ri!$" an #or

a 'ear+$ arran" "o be vali, ?1@ i" mu'" be i''ue uon robable +au'eE ?2@ "$e robable

+au'e mu'" be e"ermine b( "$e *u!e $im'el# an no" b( "$e ali+an" or an( o"$er

er'onE ?3@ in "$e e"ermina"ion o# robable +au'e, "$e *u!e mu'" e:amine, uner oa"$ or

a/rma"ion, "$e +omlainan" an 'u+$ i"ne''e' a' "$e la""er ma( rou+eE an ?4@ "$e

arran" i''ue mu'" ar"i+ularl( e'+ribe "$e la+e "o be 'ear+$e an er'on' or "$in!' "o

be 'ei;e. -$e'e re>uiremen"' are +omlemen"e b( "$e 6oe o# 6riminal ro+eure,



ar"i+ularl( i"$ re#eren+e "o "$e ura"ion o# "$e valii"( o# "$e 'ear+$ arran" an "$e

obli!a"ion o# "$e o/+er 'ei;in! "$e roer"( "o eliver "$e 'ame "o "$e +orre'onin! +our".

Ferein, "$e e:i'"en+e o# robable +au'e a' e"ermine no" b( "$e *u!e $im'el# bu" b( "$e

ali+an". All "$a" "$e *u!e i a' "o a++e" a' "rue "$e a/avi" mae b( a!en" Almea.

Fe i no" e+ie #or $im'el#. =" oe' no" aear "$a" $e e:amine "$e ali+an" an $i'

i"ne''e', i# an(. ven a++e"in! "$e e'+ri"ion o# "$e roer"ie' "o be 'ei;e "o be

'u/+ien" an on "$e a''um"ion "$a" "$e re+ei" i''ue i' 'u/+ien"l( e"aile i"$in "$e

meanin! o# "$e la, "$e roer"ie' 'ei;e ere no" elivere "o "$e +our" $i+$ i''ue "$e

arran", a' re>uire b( la. =n'"ea, "$e( ere "urne over "o "$e rovin+ial '+al an u'e

b( $im in builin! u +a'e' a!ain'" a'ion e Gar+ia. 6on'ierin! "$a" a" "$e "ime "$e

arran" a' i''ue "$ere a' no +a'e enin! a!ain'" a'ion e Gar+ia, "$e avermen" "$a"

"$e arran" a' i''ue rimaril( #or e:lora"ion uro'e' i' no" i"$ou" ba'i'. -$e 'ear+$

arran" a' ille!all( i''ue b( "$e *u'"i+e o# "$e ea+e o# -arla+, -arla+. =n an( even", "$e

#ailure on "$e ar" o# a'ion e Gar+ia an $er booeeer "o re'i'" or ob*e+" "o "$e

e:e+u"ion o# "$e arran" oe' no" +on'"i"u"e an imlie aiver o# +on'"i"u"ional ri!$". =" i',

a' Ju!e 6oole( ob'erve', bu" a 'ubmi''ion "o "$e au"$ori"( o# "$e la. A' "$e +on'"i"u"ional

!uaran"( i' no" eenen" uon an( a/rma"ive a+" o# "$e +i"i;en, "$e +our"' o no" la+e

"$e +i"i;en in "$e o'i"ion o# ei"$er +on"e'"in! an o/+er7' au"$ori"( b( #or+e, or aivin! $i'+on'"i"u"ional ri!$"'E bu" in'"ea "$e( $ol "$a" a ea+e#ul 'ubmi''ion "o a 'ear+$ or 'ei;ure

i' no" a +on'en" or an invi"a"ion "$ere"o, bu" i' merel( a emon'"ra"ion o# re!ar #or "$e

'urema+( o# "$e la.

Yee Sue Koy vs. Almeda

[GR 4B021, 15 June 1940] Laurel (J): 3 concur, 1 concurs in result

Facts: =n re'on'e "o a 'orn ali+a"ion o# Mariano G. Almea, +$ie# a!en" o# "$e An"i%

&'ur( )oar, a"e 5 Ma( 1938, "$e *u'"i+e o# "$e ea+e o# a!a(, O++ien"al Ne!ro', a#"er

"ain! "$e "e'"imon( o# ali+an"7' i"ne'', Jo'e '"raa, 'e+ial a!en" o# "$e An"i%&'ur(

)oar, i''ue on "$e 'ame a"e a 'ear+$ arran" +ommanin! an( ea+e o/+er "o 'ear+$

urin! a( "ime "$e '"ore an remi'e' o++uie b( am in! H 6o., 'i"ua"e a" a!a(,

O++ien"al Ne!ro', a' ell a' "$e er'on o# 'ai am in! H 6o., an "o 'ei;e "$e

o+umen"', no"eboo', li'"', re+ei"' an romi''or( no"e' bein! u'e b( 'ai am in! H

6o. in +onne+"ion i"$ "$eir a+"ivi"ie' o# lenin! mone( a" u'uriou' ra"e' o# in"ere'" in

viola"ion o# la, or 'u+$ a' ma( be #oun, an "o brin! "$em #or"$i"$ be#ore "$e a#ore'ai

*u'"i+e o# "$e ea+e o# a!a(. On "$e 'ame a"e, a" 10I30 a. m., 'ear+$ a' a++orin!l(

mae b( Mariano G. Almea, Jo'e '"raa, 2 in"ernal revenue a!en"' an 2 member' o# "$e

$iliine Arm(, $o 'ei;e +er"ain re+ei" boo', vale' or romi''or( no"e', +$i"',

no"eboo', *ournal boo, an +olle+"ion li'" belon!in! "o am in! H 6o. an enumera"e in

"$e inven"or( re+ei" i''ue b( Mariano G. Almea "o "$e oner o# "$e o+umen"', aer'

an ar"i+le' 'ei;e. =mmeia"el( a#"er "$e 'ear+$ an 'ei;ure "$u' ee+"e, Mariano G.

Almea le a re"urn i"$ "$e *u'"i+e o# "$e ea+e o# a!a( "o!e"$er. Di"$ a re>ue'" "$a" "$e

o/+e o# "$e An"i%&'ur( )oar be alloe "o re"ain o''e''ion o# "$e ar"i+le' 'ei;e #or

e:amina"ion, ur'uan" "o 'e+"ion 4 o# A+" 4109, $i+$ re>ue'" a' !ran"e. &ner "$e a"e





ea+e o# a!a( be#ore i''uin! "$e 'ear+$ arran" +omlaine o#, i' '$on b( "$e #olloin!

'"a"emen" in "$e arran" i"'el#, "o i"I A#"er e:amina"ion uner oa"$ o# "$e +omlainan",

Mariano G. Almea, 6$ie# A!en" o# "$e An"i%&'ur( )oar, Cear"men" o# Ju'"i+e an e+ial

A!en" o# "$e $iliine Arm(, Manila, an "$e i"ne'' $e re'en"e, . . . an "$i' 6our",

nin! "$a" "$ere i' *u'" an robable +au'e "o believe a' i" oe' believe, "$a" "$e above

e'+ribe ar"i+le', rela"in! "o "$e a+"ivi"ie' o# 'ai am in! H 6o. o# lenin! mone( a"

u'uriou' ra"e o# in"ere'", are bein! u"ili;e an e" an +on+eale a" i"' '"ore an remi'e'

o++uie b( 'ai am in! H 6o., all in viola"ion o# la.

Alvarez vs. Court o First Instance o !aya"as

[GR 45358, 29 Januar( 193B# First Division, Imperial (J): 4 concur

Facts: On 3 June 193, "$e +$ie# o# "$e 'e+re" 'ervi+e o# "$e An"i%&'ur( )oar, o# "$eCear"men" o# Ju'"i+e, re'en"e "o Ju!e uaro Gu"ierre; Cavi "$en re'iin! over "$e

6our" o# <ir'" =n'"an+e o# -a(aba', an a/avi" alle!in! "$a" a++orin! "o reliable in#orma"ion,

Nar+i'o Alvare; e" in $i' $ou'e in =n#an"a, -a(aba', boo', o+umen"', re+ei"', li'"', +$i"'

an o"$er aer' u'e b( $im in +onne+"ion i"$ $i' a+"ivi"ie' a' a mone(lener, +$ar!in!

u'uriou' ra"e' o# in"ere'" in viola"ion o# "$e la. =n $i' oa"$ a" "$e en o# "$e a/avi", "$e

+$ie# o# "$e 'e+re" 'ervi+e '"a"e "$a" $i' an'er' "o "$e >ue'"ion' ere +orre+" "o "$e be'"

o# $i' nole!e an belie#. Fe i no" 'ear "o "$e "ru"$ o# $i' '"a"emen"' uon $i' on

nole!e o# "$e #a+"' bu" uon "$e in#orma"ion re+eive b( $im #rom a reliable er'on.

&on "$e a/avi" "$e *u!e, on 'ai a"e, i''ue "$e arran" $i+$ i' "$e 'ub*e+" ma""er o#

"$e e"i"ion, orerin! "$e 'ear+$ o# "$e Alvare;7' $ou'e a" an( "ime o# "$e a( or ni!$", "$e

'ei;ure o# "$e boo' an o+umen"' an "$e immeia"e eliver( "$ereo# "o $im "o bei'o'e o# in a++oran+e i"$ "$e la. Di"$ 'ai arran", 'everal a!en"' o# "$e An"i%&'ur(

)oar en"ere Alvare;7' '"ore an re'ien+e a" BI00 .m. o# 4 June 193, an 'ei;e an

"oo o''e''ion o# "$e #olloin! ar"i+le'I in"ernal revenue li+en'e' #or "$e (ear' 1933 "o

193, 1 le!er, 2 *ournal', 2 +a'$boo', 9 orer boo', 4 no"eboo', 4 +$e+ '"ub', 2

memoranum', 3 banboo', 2 +on"ra+"', 4 '"ub', 48 '"ub' o# ur+$a'e' o# +ora, 2

inven"orie', 2 bunle' o# bill' o# lain!, 1 bunle o# +rei" re+ei"', 1 bunle o# '"ub' o#

ur+$a'e' o# +ora, 2 a+a!e' o# +orre'onen+e, 1 re+ei" boo belon!in! "o ui'

<ernane;, 14 bunle' o# invoi+e' an o"$er aer', man( o+umen"' an loan +on"ra+"'

i"$ 'e+uri"( an romi''or( no"e', 504 +$i"', romi''or( no"e' an '"ub' o# u'e +$e+' o#

"$e Fon!on! H $an!$ai )anin! 6orora"ion ?F)6@. -$e 'ear+$ #or an 'ei;ure o# 'ai

ar"i+le' ere mae i"$ "$e oo'i"ion o# Alvare; $o '"a"e $i' ro"e'" belo "$e

inven"orie' on "$e !roun "$a" "$e a!en"' 'ei;e even "$e ori!inal' o# "$e o+umen"'. A' "$e

ar"i+le' $a no" been brou!$" immeia"el( "o "$e *u!e $o i''ue "$e 'ear+$ arran",

Alvare;, "$rou!$ $i' a""orne(, le a mo"ion on 8 June 193, ra(in! "$a" "$e a!en" milio .

ion!+o, or an( o"$er a!en", be orere immeia"el( "o eo'i" all "$e 'ei;e ar"i+le' in "$e

o/+e o# "$e +ler o# +our" an "$a" 'ai a!en" be e+lare !uil"( o# +on"em" #or $avin!

i'obe(e "$e orer o# "$e +our". On 'ai a"e "$e +our" i''ue an orer ire+"in! ion!+o "o

eo'i" all "$e ar"i+le' 'ei;e i"$in 24 $our' #rom "$e re+ei" o# no"i+e "$ereo# an !ivin!

$im a erio o# 5 a(' i"$in $i+$ "o '$o +au'e $( $e '$oul no" be uni'$e #or



+on"em" o# +our". On 10 June, A""orne( Ar'enio Rori!ue;, rere'en"in! "$e An"i%&'ur(

)oar, le a mo"ion ra(in! "$a" "$e orer o# "$e 8"$ o# 'ai mon"$ be 'e" a'ie an "$a"

"$e An"i%&'ur( )oar be au"$ori;e "o re"ain "$e ar"i+le' 'ei;e #or a erio o# 30 a(' #or

"$e ne+e''ar( inve'"i!a"ion. On June 25, "$e +our" i''ue an orer re>uirin! a!en" ion!+o

#or"$i"$ "o le "$e 'ear+$ arran" an "$e a/avi" in "$e +our", "o!e"$er i"$ "$e

ro+eein!' "aen b( $im, an "o re'en" an inven"or( ul( verie b( oa"$ o# all "$e

ar"i+le' 'ei;e. On Jul( 2, "$e a""orne( #or "$e e"i"ioner le a e"i"ion alle!in! "$a" "$e

'ear+$ arran" i''ue a' ille!al an "$a" i" $a no" (e" been re"urne "o a"e "o!e"$er i"$

"$e ro+eein!' "aen in +onne+"ion "$erei"$, an ra(in! "$a" 'ai arran" be +an+elle,

"$a" an orer be i''ue ire+"in! "$e re"urn o# all "$e ar"i+le' 'ei;e "o Alvare;, "$a" "$e

a!en" $o 'ei;e "$em be e+lare !uil"( o# +on"em" o# +our", an "$a" +$ar!e' be le

a!ain'" $im #or abu'e o# au"$ori"(. On e"ember 10, "$e +our" i''ue an orer $olin!I "$a"

"$e 'ear+$ arran" a' ob"aine an i''ue in a++oran+e i"$ "$e la, "$a" i" $a been

ul( +omlie i"$ an, +on'e>uen"l(, '$oul no" be +an+elle, an "$a" a!en" ion!+o i

no" +ommi" an( +on"em" o# +our" an mu'", "$ere#ore, be e:onera"e, an orerin! "$e

+$ie# o# "$e An"i%&'ur( )oar in Manila "o '$o +au'e, i# an(, i"$in "$e une:"enible erio

o# 2 a(' #rom "$e a"e o# no"i+e o# 'ai orer, $( all "$e ar"i+le' 'ei;e aearin! in "$e

inven"or( '$oul no" be re"urne "o Alvare;. -$e a''i'"an" +$ie# o# "$e An"i%&'ur( )oar o# "$e Cear"men" o# Ju'"i+e le a mo"ion ra(in!, #or "$e rea'on' '"a"e "$erein, "$a" "$e

ar"i+le' 'ei;e be orere re"aine #or "$e uro'e o# +onu+"in! an inve'"i!a"ion o# "$e

viola"ion o# "$e An"i%&'ur( a +ommi""e b( Alvare;. On O+"ober 10, 'ai o/+ial a!ain le

ano"$er mo"ion alle!in! "$a" $e neee 0 a(' "o e:amine "$e o+umen"' an aer'

'ei;e, $i+$ are e'i!na"e on a!e' 1 "o 4 o# "$e inven"or( b( No'. 5, 10, 1, 23, 25%2B,

30%31 , 34, 3%43 an 45, an ra(in! "$a" $e be !ran"e 'ai erio o# 0 a('. =n an orer

o# O+"ober 1, "$e +our" !ran"e $im "$e erio o# 0 a(' "o inve'"i!a"e 'ai 19

o+umen"'. Alvare;, $erein, a'' "$a" "$e 'ear+$ arran" a' ell a' "$e orer au"$ori;in! "$e

a!en"' o# "$e An"i%&'ur( )oar "o re"ain "$e ar"i+le' 'ei;e, be e+lare ille!al an 'e" a'ie,

an ra(' "$a" all "$e ar"i+le' in >ue'"ion be re"urne "o $im.

Issue: D$e"$er "$e 'ear+$ arran" i''ue b( "$e +our" i' ille!al be+au'e i" $a' been ba'e

uon "$e a/avi" o# a!en" Almea in $o'e oa"$ $e e+lare "$a" $e $a no er'onal

nole!e o# "$e #a+"' $i+$ ere "o 'erve a' a ba'i' #or "$e i''uan+e o# "$e arran" bu"

"$a" $e $a nole!e "$ereo# "$rou!$ mere in#orma"ion 'e+ure #rom a er'on $om $e

+on'iere reliable, an "$a" i" i' ille!al a' i" a' no" 'uor"e b( o"$er a/avi"' a'ie

#rom "$a" mae b( "$e ali+an".

Held: e+"ion 1, ara!ra$ 3, o# Ar"i+le === o# "$e 6on'"i"u"ion an e+"ion 9B o# GeneralOrer' 58 re>uire "$a" "$ere be no" onl( robable +au'e be#ore "$e i''uan+e o# a 'ear+$

arran" bu" "$a" "$e 'ear+$ arran" mu'" be ba'e uon an ali+a"ion 'uor"e b( oa"$ o#

"$e ali+an" an "$e i"ne''e' $e ma( rou+e. =n i"' broae'" 'en'e, an oa"$ in+lue' an(

#orm o# a""e'"a"ion b( $i+$ a ar"( 'i!nie' "$a" $e i' boun in +on'+ien+e "o er#orm an

a+" #ai"$#ull( an "ru"$#ull(E an i" i' 'ome"ime' ene a' an ou"ar le!e !iven b( "$e

er'on "ain! i" "$a" $i' a""e'"a"ion or romi'e i' mae uner an immeia"e 'en'e o# $i'

re'on'ibili"( "o Go. -$e oa"$ re>uire mu'" re#er "o "$e "ru"$ o# "$e #a+"' i"$in "$e



er'onal nole!e o# "$e e"i"ioner or $i' i"ne''e', be+au'e "$e uro'e "$ereo# i' "o

+onvin+e "$e +ommi""in! ma!i'"ra"e, no" "$e iniviual main! "$e a/avi" an 'eein! "$e

i''uan+e o# "$e arran", o# "$e e:i'"en+e o# robable +au'e. -$e "rue "e'" o# 'u/+ien+( o# an

a/avi" "o arran" i''uan+e o# a 'ear+$ arran" i' $e"$er i" $a' been ran in 'u+$ a

manner "$a" er*ur( +oul be +$ar!e "$ereon an a/an" be $el liable #or ama!e'

+au'e. -$e a/avi", $i+$ 'erve a' "$e e:+lu'ive ba'i' o# "$e 'ear+$ arran", i'

in'u/+ien" an #a"all( e#e+"ive b( rea'on o# "$e manner in $i+$ "$e oa"$ a' mae, an

"$ere#ore, "$e 'ear+$ arran" an "$e 'ub'e>uen" 'ei;ure o# "$e boo', o+umen"' an

o"$er aer' are ille!al. <ur"$er, i" i' "$e ra+"i+e in "$i' *uri'i+"ion "o a""a+$ "$e a/avi" o#

a" lea'" "$e ali+an" or +omlainan" "o "$e ali+a"ion. =" i' ami""e "$a" "$e *u!e $o

i''ue "$e 'ear+$ arran" in "$i' +a'e, relie e:+lu'ivel( uon "$e a/avi" mae b( a!en"

Almea an "$a" $e i no" re>uire nor "ae "$e eo'i"ion o# an( o"$er i"ne''. Nei"$er "$e

6on'"i"u"ion nor General Orer' 58 rovie' "$a" i" i' o# imera"ive ne+e''i"( "o "ae "$e

eo'i"ion' o# "$e i"ne''e' "o be re'en"e b( "$e ali+an" or +omlainan" in ai"ion "o

"$e a/avi" o# "$e la""er. -$e uro'e o# bo"$ in re>uirin! "$e re'en"a"ion o# eo'i"ion' i'

no"$in! more "$an "o 'a"i'#( "$e +ommi""in! ma!i'"ra"e o# "$e e:i'"en+e o# robable +au'e.

-$ere#ore, i# "$e a/avi" o# "$e ali+an" or +omlainan" i' 'u/+ien", "$e *u!e ma(

i'en'e i"$ "$a" o# o"$er i"ne''e'. =na'mu+$ a' "$e a/avi" o# "$e a!en" a' in'u/+ien"be+au'e $i' nole!e o# "$e #a+"' a' no" er'onal bu" merel( $ear'a(, i" i' "$e u"( o# "$e

*u!e "o re>uire "$e a/avi" o# one or more i"ne''e' #or "$e uro'e o# e"erminin! "$e

e:i'"en+e o# robable +au'e "o arran" "$e i''uan+e o# "$e 'ear+$ arran". D$en "$e

a/avi" o# "$e ali+an" or +omlainan" +on"ain' 'u/+ien" #a+"' i"$in $i' er'onal an

ire+" nole!e, i" i' 'u/+ien" i# "$e *u!e i' 'a"i'e "$a" "$ere e:i'"' robable +au'eE

$en "$e ali+an"7' nole!e o# "$e #a+"' i' mere $ear'a(, "$e a/avi" o# one or more

i"ne''e' $avin! a er'onal nole!e o# "$e #a+"' i' ne+e''ar(. -$u' "$e arran" i''ue i'

liei'e ille!al be+au'e i" a' ba'e onl( on "$e a/avi" o# "$e a!en" $o $a no er'onal

nole!e o# "$e #a+"'.

$ata vs. %ayona

[GR 50B20, 2 Mar+$ 1984] Second Division, de Castro (J): 3 concur, concur in result, 1

too! no part

Facts: oriano Ma"a a' a++u'e uner re'ien"ial Ce+ree ?C@ 810, a' amene b( C

130, "$e in#orma"ion a!ain'" $im alle!in! "$a" oriano Ma"a oere, "oo an arran!e

be"' on "$e Jai Alai !ame b( 'ellin! ille!al "i+e"' non a' Ma'iao "i+e"'7 i"$ou" an(

au"$ori"( #rom "$e $iliine Jai Alai H Amu'emen" 6orora"ion or #rom "$e !overnmen"

au"$ori"ie' +on+erne. Ma"a +laime "$a" urin! "$e $earin! o# "$e +a'e, $e i'+overe "$a"

no$ere #rom "$e re+or' o# "$e 'ai +a'e +oul be #oun "$e 'ear+$ arran" an o"$er

er"inen" aer' +onne+"e "o "$e i''uan+e o# "$e 'ame, 'o "$a" $e $a "o in>uire #rom "$e

6i"( <i'+al i"' $ereabou"', an "o $i+$ in>uir( Ju!e Jo'e$ine L. )a(ona, re'iin! Ju#e o#

"$e 6i"( 6our" o# Ormo+ relie, i" i' i"$ "$e +our". -$e Ju!e "$en $ane "$e re+or' "o

"$e <i'+al $o a""a+$e "$em "o "$e re+or'. -$i' le Ma"a "o le a mo"ion "o >ua'$ an

annul "$e 'ear+$ arran" an #or "$e re"urn o# "$e ar"i+le' 'ei;e, +i"in! an invoin!, amon!



o"$er', e+"ion 4 o# Rule 12 o# "$e Revi'e Rule' o# 6our". -$e mo"ion a' enie b( "$e

Ju!e on 1 Mar+$ 19B9, '"a"in! "$a" "$e +our" $a' mae a "$orou!$ inve'"i!a"ion an

e:amina"ion uner oa"$ o# )ernaro &. Gole' an Re(nalo -. Ma(o"e, member' o# "$e

=n"elli!en+e e+"ion o# 352n 6 6o.oli+e Ci'"ri+" == =NE "$a" in #a+" "$e +our" mae a

+er"i+a"ion "o "$a" ee+"E an "$a" "$e #a+" "$a" o+umen"' rela"in! "o "$e 'ear+$ arran"

ere no" a""a+$e immeia"el( "o "$e re+or o# "$e +riminal +a'e i' o# no momen",

+on'ierin! "$a" "$e rule oe' no" 'e+i#( $en "$e'e o+umen"' are "o be a""a+$e "o "$e

re+or'. Ma"a7' mo"ion #or re+on'iera"ion o# "$e a#ore'ai orer $avin! been enie, $e

+ame "o "$e ureme 6our", i"$ "$e e"i"ion #or +er"iorari, ra(in!, amon! o"$er', "$a" "$e

6our" e+lare "$e 'ear+$ arran" "o be invali #or i"' alle!e #ailure "o +oml( i"$ "$e

re>ui'i"e' o# "$e 6on'"i"u"ion an "$e Rule' o# 6our", an "$a" all "$e ar"i+le' +on'+a"e

uner 'u+$ arran" a' inami''ible a' evien+e in "$e +a'e, or in an( ro+eein!' on "$e

ma""er.

Issue: D$e"$er "$e *u!e mu'" be#ore i''uin! "$e arran" er'onall( e:amine on oa"$ or

a/rma"ion "$e +omlainan" an an( i"ne''e' $e ma( rou+e an "ae "$eir eo'i"ion' inri"in!, an a""a+$ "$em "o "$e re+or, in ai"ion "o an( a/avi"' re'en"e "o $im.

Held: &ner "$e 6on'"i"u"ion no 'ear+$ arran" '$all i''ue bu" uon robable +au'e "o be

e"ermine b( "$e Ju!e or 'u+$ o"$er re'on'ible o/+er a' ma( be au"$ori;e b( la a#"er

e:amina"ion uner oa"$ or a/rma"ion o# "$e +omlainan" an "$e i"ne''e' $e ma(

rou+e. More em$a"i+ an e"aile i' "$e imlemen"in! rule o# "$e +on'"i"u"ional

in*un+"ion, -$e Rule' rovie "$a" "$e *u!e mu'" be#ore i''uin! "$e arran" er'onall(

e:amine on oa"$ or a/rma"ion "$e +omlainan" an an( i"ne''e' $e ma( rou+e an "ae

"$eir eo'i"ion' in ri"in!, an a""a+$ "$em "o "$e re+or, in ai"ion "o an( a/avi"'re'en"e "o $im. Mere a/avi"' o# "$e +omlainan" an $i' i"ne''e' are "$u' no"

'u/+ien". -$e e:aminin! Ju!e $a' "o "ae eo'i"ion' in ri"in! o# "$e +omlainan" an "$e

i"ne''e' $e ma( rou+e an "o a""a+$ "$em "o "$e re+or. u+$ ri""en eo'i"ion i'

ne+e''ar( in orer "$a" "$e Ju!e ma( be able "o roerl( e"ermine "$e e:i'"en+e or

none:i'"en+e o# "$e robable +au'e, "o $ol liable #or er*ur( "$e er'on !ivin! i" i# i" ill be

#oun la"er "$a" $i' e+lara"ion' are #al'e. De, "$ere#ore, $ol "$a" "$e 'ear+$ arran" i'

"ain"e i"$ ille!ali"( b( "$e #ailure o# "$e Ju!e "o +on#orm i"$ "$e e''en"ial re>ui'i"e' o#

"ain! "$e eo'i"ion' in ri"in! an a""a+$in! "$em "o "$e re+or, renerin! "$e 'ear+$

arran" invali.

&laez vs. Peo'le o t(e P(ili''ines

[GR B834B%49, 9 November 198B] First Division, Cru" (J): 4 concur



Facts: Aol#o Olae' an ina M. 6ru; ere +$ar!e #or viola"ion o# "$e Can!erou' Cru!'

A+". Olae' an 6ru; le a e"i"ion #or +er"iorari an ro$ibi"ion i"$ reliminar( in*un+"ion,

+$allen!in! "$e ami''ion b( Ju!e Ali+ia . an"o' ?in $er +aa+i"( a' re'iin! Ju!e o# "$e

Re!ional -rial 6our" o# Olon!ao 6i"(, )ran+$ B3@ o# evien+e 'ei;e b( vir"ue o# an alle!el(

invali 'ear+$ arran" an o# an e:"ra*ui+ial +on#e''ion "aen #rom "$em i"$ou" a++orin!

"$em "$e ri!$" "o a''i'"an+e o# +oun'elE an "$u' 'ee "o re'"rain #ur"$er ro+eein!' in "$e

+riminal +a'e a!ain'" "$em an a' "$a" "$e( be a+>ui""e i"$ "$e 'e""in! a'ie o# "$e

>ue'"ione orer' ?"$e #a+"' o no" rovie "$e i'o'i"ion o# "$e 'ai orer'@. Olae' an

6ru; +laim "$a" "$e 'ear+$ arran" i''ue b( "$e *u!e i' un+on'"i"u"ional be+au'e i" oe'

no" ini+a"e "$e 'e+i+ oen'e "$e( are 'uo'e "o $ave +ommi""e. -$ere i', "$ere#ore,

a++orin! "o "$em, no vali nin! o# robable +au'e a' a *u'"i+a"ion #or "$e i''uan+e o#

"$e 'ai arran" in +on#ormi"( i"$ "$e )ill o# Ri!$"'.

Issue: D$e"$er "$e la+ o# 'e+i+ 'e+"ion o# "$e Can!erou' Cru!' A+" rener' "$e +a"ion

va!ue, an ne!a"e "$e +laim "$a" "$e 'e+i+ oen'e a' +ommi""e "o 'erve a' ba'i' #or

"$e nin! o# robable +au'e.

Held: No. -$e 'ear+$ arran" i''ue oe' no" +ome uner "$e '"ri+"ure' o# "$e "one$ill

o+"rine. D$ile in "$e +a'e +i"e, "$ere a' a bare re#eren+e "o "$e la' in !eneral, i"$ou"

an( 'e+i+a"ion o# "$e ar"i+ular 'e+"ion' "$ereo# "$a" ere alle!e "o $ave been viola"e

ou" o# "$e $unre' o# ro$ibi"ion' +on"aine in 'u+$ +oi+a"ion', "$ere i' no 'imilar

ambi!ui"( $erein. D$ile i" i' "rue "$a" "$e +a"ion o# "$e 'ear+$ arran" '"a"e' "$a" i" i' in

+onne+"ion i"$ iola"ion o# RA 425, o"$eri'e non a' "$e Can!erou' Cru!' A+"' o#

19B2, i" i' +learl( re+i"e in "$e "e:" "$ereo# "$a" -$ere i' robable +au'e "o believe "$a"

Aol#o Olae' alia' Cebie7 an alia' )ab(7 o# No. 28 6omia "., <il"ra"ion, "a. Ri"a,Olon!ao 6i"(, $a' in "$eir o''e''ion an +on"rol an +u'"o( o# mari*uana rie

'"al'leave''ee'+i!are""e' an o"$er re!ula"ero$ibi"e an e:em" nar+o"i+'

reara"ion' $i+$ i' "$e 'ub*e+" o# "$e oen'e '"a"e above. Al"$ou!$ "$e 'e+i+ 'e+"ion

o# "$e Can!erou' Cru!' A+" i' no" inoin"e, "$ere i' no >ue'"ion a" all o# "$e 'e+i+

oen'e alle!e "o $ave been +ommi""e a' a ba'i' #or "$e nin! o# robable +au'e. -$e

'ear+$ arran" al'o 'a"i'e' "$e re>uiremen" in "$e )ill o# Ri!$"' o# "$e ar"i+ulari"( o# "$e

e'+ri"ion "o be mae o# "$e la+e "o be 'ear+$e an "$e er'on' or "$in!' "o be 'ei;e.

Prudente vs. )ayrit

[GR 828B0, 14 Ce+ember 1989] #n $anc, %adilla (J): 14 concur

Facts: On 31 O+"ober 198B, Ma*or Allain Cima!mali, 6$ie# o# "$e =n"elli!en+e e+ial

A+"ion Civi'ion ?=AC@ o# "$e De'"ern oli+e Ci'"ri+" ?DC@, le i"$ "$e Re!ional -rial 6our"

?R-6@ o# Manila, )ran+$ 33, re'ie over b( Ju!e Abelaro Ca(ri", no A''o+ia"e Ju'"i+e o#



"$e 6our" o# Aeal', an ali+a"ion #or "$e i''uan+e o# a 'ear+$ arran" ?ear+$ Darran" 8B%

14@ #or viola"ion o# re'ien"ial Ce+ree 18 ?=lle!al o''e''ion o# <irearm', e"+.@ en"i"le

eole o# "$e $iliine' v'. Neme'io . ruen"e. On "$e 'ame a(, "$e Ju!e i''ue "$e

ear+$ Darran", +ommanin! Cima!mali "o mae an immeia"e 'ear+$ a" an( "ime in "$e

a( or ni!$" o# "$e remi'e' o# ol("e+$ni+ &niver'i"( o# "$e $iliine', more ar"i+ularl( ?a@

o/+e' o# "$e Cear"men" o# Mili"ar( +ien+e an -a+"i+' a" "$e !roun oor an o"$er room'

a" "$e !roun oorE ?b@ o/+e o# "$e re'ien", Cr. Neme'io ruen"e a" &, e+on <loor

an o"$er room' a" "$e 'e+on oor, an #or"$i"$ 'ei;e an "ae o''e''ion o# "$e #olloin!

er'onal roer"ie', "o i"I ?a@ M 1 Armali"e' i"$ ammuni"ionE ?b@ .38 an .45 6aliber

$an!un' an i'"ol'E ?+@ e:lo'ive' an $an !renae'E an ?@ a''or"e eaon' i"$

ammuni"ion'. On 1 November 198B, a una( an All ain"' Ca(, "$e 'ear+$ arran" a'

en#or+e b( 'ome 200 DC oera"ive' le b( 6ol. !ar Cula -orre, Ceu"(

uerin"enen", DC, an Ma*or Romeo Ma!an"o, re+in+" 8 6ommaner. =n $i' a/avi",

a"e 2 November 198B, Ri+aro Abano ( Ku'a(, a member o# "$e 'ear+$in! "eam, alle!e

"$a" $e #oun in "$e raer o# a +abine" in'ie "$e a'$ room o# Cr. ruen"e7' o/+e a

bul!in! bron enveloe i"$ 3 live #ra!men"a"ion $an !renae' 'eara"el( rae i"$

ol ne'aer'. On November 198B, ruen"e move "o >ua'$ "$e 'ear+$ arran". Fe

+laime "$a" ?1@ "$e +omlainan"7' lone i"ne'', ". <lorenio 6. An!ele', $a no er'onalnole!e o# "$e #a+"' $i+$ #orme "$e ba'i' #or "$e i''uan+e o# "$e 'ear+$ arran"E ?2@

"$e e:amina"ion o# "$e 'ai i"ne'' a' no" in "$e #orm o# 'ear+$in! >ue'"ion' an an'er'E

?3@ "$e 'ear+$ arran" a' a !eneral arran", #or "$e rea'on "$a" i" i no" ar"i+ularl(

e'+ribe "$e la+e "o be 'ear+$e an "$a" i" #aile "o +$ar!e one 'e+i+ oen'eE an ?4@

"$e 'ear+$ arran" a' i''ue in viola"ion o# 6ir+ular 19 o# "$e ureme 6our" in "$a" "$e

+omlainan" #aile "o alle!e uner oa"$ "$a" "$e i''uan+e o# "$e 'ear+$ arran" on a

a"ura( a' ur!en". On 9 Mar+$ 1988, "$e Ju!e i''ue an orer, en(in! ruen"e7'

mo"ion an 'ulemen"al mo"ion "o >ua'$. ruen"e7' mo"ion #or re+on'iera"ion a'

liei'e enie in "$e orer a"e 20 Aril 1988. ruen"e le a e"i"ion #or +er"iorari i"$

"$e ureme 6our".

Issue: D$e"$er "$e alle!a"ion' +on"aine in "$e ali+a"ion o# Ma*or Allain Cima!mali

an "$e e+lara"ion o# ". <lorenio 6. An!ele' in $i' eo'i"ion ere 'u/+ien" ba'i' #or "$e

i''uan+e o# a vali 'ear+$ arran".

Held: -$e robable +au'e #or a vali 'ear+$ arran", $a' been ene a' 'u+$ #a+"' an

+ir+um'"an+e' $i+$ oul lea a rea'onabl( i'+ree" an ruen" man "o believe "$a" an

oen'e $a' been +ommi""e, an "$a" ob*e+"' 'ou!$" in +onne+"ion i"$ "$e oen'e are in

"$e la+e 'ou!$" "o be 'ear+$e. -$i' robable +au'e mu'" be '$on "o be i"$in "$eer'onal nole!e o# "$e +omlainan" or "$e i"ne''e' $e ma( rou+e an no" ba'e on

mere $ear'a(. -$u', #or a vali 'ear+$ arran" "o i''ue, "$ere mu'" be robable +au'e, $i+$

i' "o be e"ermine er'onall( b( "$e *u!e, a#"er e:amina"ion uner oa"$ or a/rma"ion o#

"$e +omlainan" an "$e i"ne''e' $e ma( rou+e, an ar"i+ularl( e'+ribin! "$e la+e "o

be 'ear+$e an "$e er'on' or "$in!' "o be 'ei;e. -$e robable +au'e mu'" be in

+onne+"ion i"$ one 'e+i+ oen'e,an "$e *u!e mu'", be#ore i''uin! "$e arran",

er'onall( e:amine in "$e #orm o# 'ear+$in! >ue'"ion' an an'er', in ri"in! an uner



oa"$, "$e +omlainan" an an( i"ne'' $e ma( rou+e, on #a+"' er'onall( non "o "$em

an a""a+$ "o "$e re+or "$eir 'orn '"a"emen"' "o!e"$er i"$ an( a/avi"' 'ubmi""e.

Ferein, in $i' ali+a"ion #or 'ear+$ arran", Ma*or Allain Cima!mali '"a"e "$a" $e $a'

been in#orme "$a" Neme'io ruen"e $a' in $i' +on"rol an o''e''ion "$e rearm' an

e:lo'ive' e'+ribe "$erein, an "$a" $e $a' verie "$e reor" an #oun i" "o be a #a+".

On "$e o"$er $an, in $i' 'uor"in! eo'i"ion, ". <lorenio 6. An!ele' e+lare "$a", a' a

re'ul" o# "$eir +on"inuou' 'urveillan+e #or 'everal a(', "$e( !a"$ere in#orma"ion' #rom

verie 'our+e' "$a" "$e $oler' o# "$e 'ai rearm' an e:lo'ive' are no" li+en'e "o

o''e'' "$em. =n o"$er or', "$e ali+an" an $i' i"ne'' $a no er'onal nole!e o#

"$e #a+"' an +ir+um'"an+e' $i+$ be+ame "$e ba'i' #or i''uin! "$e >ue'"ione 'ear+$

arran", bu" a+>uire nole!e "$ereo# onl( "$rou!$ in#orma"ion #rom o"$er 'our+e' or

er'on'. D$ile i" i' "rue "$a" in $i' ali+a"ion #or 'ear+$ arran", ali+an" Ma*or

Cima!mali '"a"e "$a" $e verie "$e in#orma"ion $e $a earlier re+eive "$a" e"i"ioner

$a in $i' o''e''ion an +u'"o( "$e rearm' an e:lo'ive' e'+ribe in "$e ali+a"ion,

an "$a" $e #oun i" "o be a #a+", (e" "$ere i' no"$in! in "$e re+or "o '$o or ini+a"e $o

an $en 'ai ali+an" verie "$e earlier in#orma"ion a+>uire b( $im a' "o *u'"i#( $i'

+on+lu'ion "$a" $e #oun 'u+$ in#orma"ion "o be a #a+". Fe mi!$" $ave +larie "$i' oin" i#

"$ere $a been 'ear+$in! >ue'"ion' an an'er', bu" "$ere ere none. =n #a+", "$e re+or'(iel no >ue'"ion' an an'er', $e"$er 'ear+$in! or no", vi'%a%vi' "$e 'ai ali+an".

vien"l(, "$e alle!a"ion' +on"aine in "$e ali+a"ion o# Ma*or Allain Cima!mali an

"$e e+lara"ion o# ". <lorenio 6. An!ele' in $i' eo'i"ion ere in'u/+ien" ba'i' #or "$e

i''uan+e o# a vali 'ear+$ arran".

C(ia vs. Actin* Collector o Customs

[GR %43810, 2 e"ember 1989] First Division, &rino'uino (J): 4 concur

Facts: A+"in! on a verie reor" o# a +onen"ial in#orman" "$a" a''or"e ele+"roni+ an

ele+"ri+al e>uimen" an o"$er ar"i+le' ille!all( imor"e in"o "$e $iliine' b( a '(ni+a"e

en!a!e in unla#ul '$i'ie a+"ivi"ie' ?#orei!n !oo' are unloae #rom #orei!n '$i' in

"ran'i" "$rou!$ $iliine a"er' in"o mo"ori;e ban+a' an lane on $iliine 'oil i"$ou"

a''in! "$rou!$ "$e )ureau o# 6u'"om', "$ereb( evain! a(men" o# "$e +orre'onin!

+u'"om' u"ie' an "a:e' "$ereon@ ere #oun in'ie -om7' le+"roni+' an on(

Mer+$ani'in! ?$iliine'@ '"ore' lo+a"e a" 90 an 91 Gon;alo u(a" +orner van!eli'"a

"ree", Puiao, Manila, a le""er%re>ue'" a"e 23 Aril 19B a' are''e "o "$e 6olle+"or

o# 6u'"om' b( "$e Ceu"( Cire+"or o# "$e Re!ional An"i%mu!!lin! A+"ion 6en"er, Manila )a(

Area ?RAA6%M)A@ #or "$e i''uan+e o# arran"' o# 'ei;ure an e"en"ion. A#"er evalua"ion,

"$e 6olle+"or o# 6u'"om' i''ue Darran"' o# ei;ure an Ce"en"ion 14925 an 14925%A,

ire+"in! "$e An"i%mu!!lin! A+"ion 6en"er "o 'ei;e "$e !oo' men"ione "$erein, i.e. variou'

ele+"roni+ e>uimen"' lie +a''e""e "ae re+orer', +ar '"ereo', $ono!ra$ neele'

?iamon@, or"able - 'e"', imor"e lon! la(in! re+or', 'are ar"' o# -' an raio'

an o"$er ele+"ri+al alian+e'. A RAA6 "eam a' #orme an !iven a mi''ion orer "o

en#or+e "$e arran"', $i+$ i" imlemen"e i"$ "$e a''i'"an+e o#I ?1@ "$e Na"ional 6u'"om'

oli+e ?au!men"in! "$e "eam i"$ 2 member'@, ?2@ "$e Ce"e+"ive )ureau o# "$e Manila



De'"ern oli+e Ci'"ri+" Fea>uar"er' ?i"$ 3 e"e+"ive'@, a' ell a', ?3@ re+in+" 3 o# "$e

Manila De'"ern oli+e Ci'"ri+" $i+$ e:er+i'e *uri'i+"ional +on"rol over "$e la+e "o be

raie. -$e in"ene rai a' en"ere in "$e re'e+"ive oli+e blo""er' o# "$e oli+e

e"e+"ive bureau'. On "$e '"ren!"$ o# "$e arran"' o# 'ei;ure an e"en"ion, "$e rai a'

+onu+"e in "$e a#"ernoon o# 25 Aril 19B a" "$e 2 '"ore' o# -oma' 6$ia. AA6 "eam leaer

Gener ula, "o!e"$er i"$ $i' a!en"' )aron Cobli, Ar"uro Manuel, Rool#o Molina an

ervillano <loren"in o# 6am A!uinalo, Pue;on 6i"(, a''i'"e b( "o +u'"om' oli+emen, al

Mar"ine; an Rena"o orima, an Manila oli+emen Ro!elio ina' an Jo$n eral"a,

re+overe #rom "$e '"ore', a''or"e ele+"roni+ e>uimen" an o"$er ar"i+le', "$e +u'"om'

u"ie' on $i+$ alle!el( $a no" been ai. -$e( ere "urne over "o "$e 6u'"om' Au+"ion

an 6ar!o Ci'o'al &ni" o# "$e )ureau o# 6u'"om'. On 1B Ma( 19B, in "$e a#"ernoon, "$e

$earin! o/+er o# A+"in! 6olle+"or o# 6u'"om' Al#reo <ran+i'+o +onu+"e a $earin! on "$e

+on'+a"ion o# "$e !oo' "aen b( Gener ula an $i' a!en"'. 2 a(' la"er, 6$ia le "$e

e"i"ion #or +er"iorari, ro$ibi"ion an manamu' be#ore "$e ureme 6our" "o en*oin "$e

6olle+"or o# 6u'"om' anor $i' a!en"' #rom #ur"$er ro+eein! i"$ "$e #or#ei"ure $earin!

an ra(e "$a" "$e 'ear+$ arran"' be e+lare null an voi, "$a" "$e la""er be orere "o

re"urn "$e +on'+a"e ar"i+le' "o 6$ia, an "o a( ama!e'.

Issue: D$e"$er "$e arran"' i''ue b( "$e 6olle+"or o# 6u'"om' ar"ae' "$e na"ure o# a

!eneral arran"', an "$u' are invali.

Held: No" onl( ma( !oo' be 'ei;e i"$ou" a 'ear+$ an 'ei;ure arran" uner e+"ion

253 o# "$e 6u'"om' an -ari 6oe, $en "$e( ?"$e !oo'@ are oenl( oere #or 'ale or

e" in '"ora!e in a '"ore a' $erein, bu" "$e #a+" i' "$a" 6$ia7' '"ore' Q -om7' le+"roni+'

an on( Mer+$ani'in! ?$il.@ Q ere 'ear+$e uon arran"' o# 'ear+$ an e"en"ioni''ue b( "$e 6olle+"or o# 6u'"om', $o, uner "$e 19B3 6on'"i"u"ion, a' a re'on'ible

o/+er au"$ori;e b( la "o i''ue "$em. e+"ion' 2208 an 2209 o# "$e -ari an 6u'"om'

6oe rovie $en a 'ear+$ ma( be mae i"$ou" a arran" an $en a arran" i'

ne+e''ar(. e+"ion 2208 rovie' "$a" <or "$e more ee+"ive i'+$ar!e o# $i' o/+ial u"ie',

an( er'on e:er+i'in! "$e oer' $erein +on#erre, ma( a" an( "ime en"er, a'' "$rou!$ or

'ear+$ an( lan or in+lo'ure or an( are$ou'e, '"ore or o"$er builin!, no" bein! a ellin!

$ou'e. A are$ou'e, '"ore or o"$er builin! or in+lo'ure u'e #or "$e eein! or '"ora!e o#

ar"i+le' oe' no" be+ome a ellin! $ou'e i"$in "$e meanin! $ereo# merel( b( rea'on o#

"$e #a+" "$a" a er'on emlo(e a' a"+$man live' in "$e la+e, nor ill "$e #a+" "$a" $i'

#amil( '"a(' "$ere i"$ $im al"er "$e +a'e. On "$e o"$er $an, e+"ion 2209 rovie' "$a" A

ellin! $ou'e ma( be en"ere an 'ear+$e onl( uon arran" i''ue b( a Ju!e o# "$e

+our" or 'u+$ o"$er re'on'ible o/+er' a' ma( be au"$ori;e b( la, uon 'orn ali+a"ion'$oin! robable +au'e an ar"i+ularl( e'+ribin! "$e la+e "o be 'ear+$e an "$e er'on

or "$in! "o be 'ei;e. -$e arran"' i''ue b( "$e 6olle+"or o# 6u'"om' in "$i' +a'e ere no"

!eneral arran"' #or "$e( ien"ie "$e '"ore' "o be 'ear+$e, e'+ribe "$e ar"i+le' "o be

'ei;e an 'e+ie "$e rovi'ion o# "$e -ari an 6u'"om' 6oe viola"e. &on ee+"in!

"$e 'ei;ure o# "$e !oo', "$e )ureau o# 6u'"om' a+>uire e:+lu'ive *uri'i+"ion no" onl( over

"$e +a'e bu" al'o over "$e !oo' 'ei;e #or "$e uro'e o# en#or+in! "$e "ari an +u'"om'

la'. <ur"$er, a ar"( i''a"i'e i"$ "$e e+i'ion o# "$e 6olle+"or ma( aeal "o "$e



6ommi''ioner o# 6u'"om', $o'e e+i'ion i' aealable "o "$e 6our" o# -a: Aeal' in "$e

manner an i"$in "$e erio re'+ribe b( la an re!ula"ion'. -$e e+i'ion o# "$e 6our" o#

-a: Aeal' ma( be eleva"e "o "$e ureme 6our" #or revie. in+e 6$ia i no" e:$au'"

$i' amini'"ra"ive remeie', $i' re+our'e "o "$i' 6our" i' rema"ure.

+,t( Century Fo- Film Cor'oration vs. Court o A''eals

[GR %B49%51, 19 Au!u'" 1988] *+ird Division, &utierre" J (J): 4 concur

Facts: =n a le""er%+omlain" a"e 2 Au!u'" 1985, 20"$ 6en"ur( <o: <ilm 6orora"ion

"$rou!$ +oun'el 'ou!$" "$e Na"ional )ureau o# =nve'"i!a"ion7' ?N)=@ a''i'"an+e in "$e

+onu+" o# 'ear+$e' an 'ei;ure' in +onne+"ion i"$ "$e N)=7' an"i%lm ira+( +amai!n.

e+i+all(, "$e le""er%+omlain" alle!e "$a" +er"ain vieo"ae ou"le"' all over Me"ro Manila

are en!a!e in "$e unau"$ori;e 'ale an ren"in! ou" o# +o(ri!$"e lm' in vieo"ae #orm$i+$ +on'"i"u"e a a!ran" viola"ion o# re'ien"ial Ce+ree 49 ?Ce+ree on "$e ro"e+"ion o#

=n"elle+"ual roer"(@. A+"in! on "$e le""er%+omlain", "$e N)= +onu+"e 'urveillan+e an

inve'"i!a"ion o# "$e ou"le"' inoin"e b( "$e lm +orora"ion an 'ub'e>uen"l( le 3

ali+a"ion' #or 'ear+$ arran"' a!ain'" "$e vieo ou"le"' one b( uaro M. )arre"o,

Raul a!ullo, an <or"une ee'ma. -$e ali+a"ion' ere +on'olia"e an $ear b( "$e

Re!ional -rial 6our" ?R-6@ o# Maa"i, )ran+$ 132. On 4 e"ember 1985, "$e loer +our"

i''ue "$e e'ire 'ear+$ arran"', e'+ribin! "$e ar"i+le' 'ou!$" "o be 'ei;e a'?+@

-elevi'ion 'e"', ieo 6a''e""e' Re+orer', reiner', "ae $ea +leaner', a++e''orie',

e>uimen"' an o"$er ma+$ine' u'e or in"ene "o be u'e in "$e unla#ul rerou+"ion,

'ale, ren"allea'e, i'"ribu"ion o# "$e above%men"ione vieo "ae' $i+$ '$e i' eein! an

+on+ealin! in "$e remi'e' above%e'+ribe.. Arme i"$ "$e 'ear+$ arran"', "$e N)=a++omanie b( "$e lm +orora"ion7' a!en"', raie "$e vieo ou"le"' an 'ei;e "$e i"em'

e'+ribe "$erein. An inven"or( o# "$e i"em' 'ei;e a' mae an le#" i"$ )arre"o, e". al.

A+"in! on a mo"ion "o li#" 'ear+$ arran"' an relea'e 'ei;e roer"ie' le b( )arre"o, e".

al., "$e loer +our" i''ue an orer a"e 8 O+"ober 1985, li#"in! "$e 3 'ear+$ arran"'

i''ue earlier a!ain'" "$em b( "$e +our", ue "o "$e #ailure o# "$e N)= "o eliver "$e ar"i+le'

"o "$e 6our", an "$u' orere "$e re"urn o# "$e ar"i+le' "o "$eir re'e+"ive oner'. -$e loer

+our" enie a mo"ion #or re+on'iera"ion le b( "$e lm +orora"ion in i"' orer a"e 2

Januar( 198. -$e lm +orora"ion le a e"i"ion #or +er"iorari i"$ "$e 6our" o# Aeal' "o

annul "$e orer' o# "$e loer +our". -$e e"i"ion a' i'mi''e. -$e 20"$ 6en"ur( <o: <ilm

6orora"ion le "$e e"i"ion #or revie i"$ "$e ureme 6our".

Issue: D$e"$er "$e in+lu'ion o# +er"ain ar"i+le' o# roer"( $i+$ are u'uall( +onne+"e "o

le!i"ima"e bu'ine'', an no" involvin! ira+( o# in"elle+"ual roer"( or in#rin!emen" o#

+o(ri!$" la', rener' "$e arran" "o be unrea'onable.



Held: -elevi'ion 'e"', vieo +a''e""e re+orer', reiner' an "ae +leaner' are ar"i+le'

$i+$ +an be #oun in a vieo "ae '"ore en!a!e in "$e le!i"ima"e bu'ine'' o# lenin! or

ren"in! ou" be"ama: "ae'. =n '$or", "$e'e ar"i+le' an alian+e' are !enerall( +onne+"e

i"$, or rela"e "o a le!i"ima"e bu'ine'' no" ne+e''aril( involvin! ira+( o# in"elle+"ual

roer"( or in#rin!emen" o# +o(ri!$" la'. Fen+e, in+luin! "$e'e ar"i+le' i"$ou"

'e+i+a"ion anor ar"i+ulari"( "$a" "$e( ere reall( in'"rumen"' in viola"in! an An"i%ira+(

la mae' "$e 'ear+$ arran" "oo !eneral $i+$ +oul re'ul" in "$e +on'+a"ion o# all i"em'

#oun in an( vieo '"ore. =n #a+", "$i' a+"uall( $aene in "$e re'en" +a'e. Al"$ou!$ "$e

ali+a"ion' an arran"' "$em'elve' +overe +er"ain ar"i+le' o# roer"( u'uall( #oun in a

vieo '"ore, "$e 6our" believe' "$a" "$e 'ear+$ ar"( '$oul $ave +onne "$em'elve' "o

ar"i+le' "$a" are a++orin! "o "$em, evien+e +on'"i"u"ive o# in#rin!emen" o# +o(ri!$" la'

or "$e ira+( o# in"elle+"ual roer"(, bu" no" "o o"$er ar"i+le' "$a" are u'uall( +onne+"e

i"$, or rela"e "o, a le!i"ima"e bu'ine'', no" involvin! ira+( o# in"elle+"ual roer"(, or

in#rin!emen" o# +o(ri!$" la'. o "$a" a "elevi'ion 'e", a reiner, an a $i"eboar li'"in!

)e"ama: "ae', vieo +a''e""e +leaner' vieo +a''e""e re+orer' a' ree+"e in "$e Re"urn'

o# ear+$ Darran"', are i"em' o# le!i"ima"e bu'ine'' en!a!e in "$e vieo "ae inu'"r(, an

$i+$ +oul no" be "$e 'ub*e+" o# 'ei;ure. -$e ali+an" an $i' a!en"' "$ere#ore e:+eee

"$eir au"$ori"( in 'ei;in! er#e+"l( le!i"ima"e er'onal roer"( u'uall( #oun in a vieo+a''e""e '"ore or bu'ine'' e'"abli'$men". -$e 'ear+$ an 'ei;ure i' unrea'onable.

olasco vs. Cruz Pano

[GR %9803, 8 O+"ober 1985] #n $anc, -elencio'.errera (J): / concur, 1 concurs in t+e

result, 1 too! no part, 1 reserves +is vote

Facts: rior "o Au!u'" 1984, Mila A!uilar%Ro>ue a' one o# "$e a++u'e o# Rebellion in

6riminal 6a'e M6%1%1 be#ore e+ial Mili"ar( 6ommi''ion 1, an al'o one o# "$e a++u'e o#

ubver'ion in 6riminal 6a'e M6%25%113 o# Mili"ar( 6ommi''ion 25, bo"$ +a'e' bein! en"i"le

eole o# "$e $iliine' v'. Jo'e Ma. i'on, e" al. $e a' "$en '"ill a" lar!e. A" aroun

9I00 a.m. on Au!u'" , ". 6ol. ir!ilio G. ala*eno o# "$e 6G, alie #or a ear+$ Darran"

#rom "$e Fon. rnani 6ru; ao, :e+u"ive Ju!e o# "$e Re!ional -rial 6our" in Pue;on 6i"(,

"o be 'erve a" No. 239%) Ma(on "ree", Pue;on 6i"(, e"ermine "o be "$e lea'e re'ien+e

o# A!uilar%Ro>ue, a#"er almo'" a mon"$ o# roun "$e +lo+ 'urveillan+e o# "$e remi'e' a' a

'u'e+"e uner!roun $ou'e o# "$e 6NA. A!uilar%Ro>ue $a' been lon! an"e b( "$e

mili"ar( #or bein! a $i!$ ranin! o/+er o# "$e 6ommuni'" ar"( o# "$e $iliine',

ar"i+ularl( +onne+"e i"$ "$e M Lara!a"anCoa Anrea +a'e'. A" 11I30 a.m., A!uilar%Ro>ue an 6(n"$ia C. Nola'+o ere arre'"e b( a 6on'"abular( e+uri"( Grou ?6G@ a" "$e

in"er'e+"ion o# Ma(on "ree" an . Mar!all "ree", Pue;on 6i"(. -$e re+or oe' no" i'+lo'e

"$a" a arran" o# arre'" $a reviou'l( been i''ue a!ain'" Nola'+o. A" 12I00 noon on "$e

'ame a(, elemen"' o# "$e 6G 'ear+$e "$e remi'e' a" 239%) Ma(on "ree", Pue;on 6i"(.

Dillie 6. -olen"ino, a er'on "$en in +$ar!e o# "$e remi'e', a' arre'"e b( "$e 'ear+$in!

ar"( re'umabl( i"$ou" a arran" o# arre'". -$e 'ear+$in! ar"( 'ei;e 428 o+umen"'

an ri""en ma"erial', an ai"ionall( a or"able "(eri"er, an 2 ooen bo:e', main!



431 i"em' in all. On Au!u'" 10, A!uilar%Ro>ue, Nola'+o an -olen"ino, ere +$ar!e be#ore

"$e Pue;on 6i"( <i'+al7' O/+e uon +omlain" le b( "$e 6G a!ain'" "$e #ormer #or

ubver'ionRebellion anor 6on'ira+( "o 6ommi" Rebellionubver'ion. On Au!u'" 13, "$e

6i"( <i'+al le an =n#orma"ion #or iola"ion o# re'ien"ial Ce+ree ?C@ 33 ?=lle!al o''e''ion

o# ubver'ive Co+umen"'@ a!ain'" A!uilar%Ro>ue, e". al. be#ore )ran+$ 42 o# "$e

Me"rooli"an -rial 6our" o# Pue;on 6i"(, Ju!e An"onio . an"o', re'iin!. On Au!u'" 1,

6G le a Mo"ion #or Re+on'iera"ion i"$ "$e 6i"( <i'+al, ra(in! "$a" A!uilar%Ro>ue an

Nola'+o be +$ar!e i"$ ubver'ion. -$e Mo"ion a' enie on November 1. On

e"ember 10, "$e 6G 'ubmi""e an Amene Re"urn in "$e ear+$ Darran" +a'e ra(in!,

in"er alia, "$a" "$e 6G be alloe "o re"ain "$e 'ei;e 431 o+umen"' an ar"i+le', in

+onne+"ion i"$ +a'e' "$a" are re'en"l( enin! a!ain'" Mila A!uilar Ro>ue be#ore "$e

Pue;on 6i"( <i'+al7' O/+e an "$e +our". On Ce+ember 13, Ju!e ao ami""e "$e

Amene Re"urn an rule "$a" "$e 'ei;e o+umen"' '$all be 'ub*e+" "o i'o'i"ion o# "$e

"ribunal "r(in! "$e +a'e a!ain'" re'onen". A a( be#ore "$a", A!uilar%Ro>ue, e". al. le a

Mo"ion "o ure'', ra(in! "$a" 'u+$ o# "$e 431 i"em' belon!in! "o "$em be re"urne "o

"$em. =" a' +laime "$a" "$e ro+eein!' uner "$e ear+$ Darran" ere unla#ul. Ju!e

an"o' enie "$e Mo"ion on B Januar( 1985 on "$e !roun "$a" "$e valii"( o# "$e ear+$

Darran" $a' "o be li"i!a"e in "$e o"$er +a'e, aaren"l( unaare o# "$e Orer i''ue b( Ju!e ao on Ce+ember 13. Nola'+o, A!uilar%Ro>ue, an -olen"ino le "$e e"i"ion #or

6er"iorari, ro$ibi"ion an Manamu' "o annul an 'e" a'ie "$e ?1@ ear+$ Darran" i''ue

b( R-6 Ju!e aoE ?2@ $i' Orer ami""in! "$e Amene Re"urn an !ran"in! "$e Mo"ion "o

Re"ain ei;e ="em'E an ?3@ Orer o# M-6 Ju!e an"o' en(in! A!uilar%Ro>ue, e". al.7'

Mo"ion "o ure''.

Issue: D$e"$er "$e e'+ri"ion o# "$e er'onali"ie' "o be 'ei;e in "$e 'ear+$ arran" i' "oo

!eneral "o rener "$e arran" voi.

Held: -$e i'u"e ear+$ Darran" ?80%84@ e'+ribe' "$e er'onali"ie' "o be 'ei;e a'

Co+umen"', aer' an o"$er re+or' o# "$e 6ommuni'" ar"( o# "$e $iliine'Ne

eole' Arm( anor "$e Na"ional Cemo+ra"i+ <ron", 'u+$ a' Minu"e' o# "$e ar"( Mee"in!',

lan' o# "$e'e !rou', ro!ram', i'" o# o''ible 'uor"er', 'ubver'ive boo' an

in'"ru+"ion', manual' no" o"$eri'e available "o "$e ubli+, an 'uor" mone( #rom #orei!n

or lo+al 'our+e'. =" i' a" on+e evien" "$a" "$e ear+$ Darran" au"$ori;e' "$e 'ei;ure o#

er'onal roer"ie' va!uel( e'+ribe an no" ar"i+ulari;e. =" i' an all%embra+in!

e'+ri"ion $i+$ in+lue' ever("$in! +on+eivable re!arin! "$e 6ommuni'" ar"( o# "$e

$iliine' an "$e Na"ional Cemo+ra"i+ <ron". =" oe' no" 'e+i#( $a" "$e 'ubver'ive boo'

an in'"ru+"ion' areE $a" "$e manual' no" o"$eri'e available "o "$e ubli+ +on"ain "o mae"$em 'ubver'ive or "o enable "$em "o be u'e #or "$e +rime o# rebellion. -$ere i' ab'en" a

eni"e !uieline "o "$e 'ear+$in! "eam a' "o $a" i"em' mi!$" be la#ull( 'ei;e "$u'

!ivin! "$e o/+er' o# "$e la i'+re"ion re!arin! $a" ar"i+le' "$e( '$oul 'ei;e a', in #a+",

"aen al'o ere a or"able "(eri"er an 2 ooen bo:e'. =" i' "$u' in "$e na"ure o# a

!eneral arran" an in#rin!e' on "$e +on'"i"u"ional mana"e re>uirin! ar"i+ular e'+ri"ion

o# "$e "$in!' "o be 'ei;e. ear+$ arran"' o# 'imilar e'+ri"ion ere +on'iere null an

voi #or bein! "oo !eneral. No"i"$'"anin! "$e irre!ular i''uan+e o# "$e ear+$ Darran" an



al"$ou!$, orinaril(, "$e ar"i+le' 'ei;e uner an invali 'ear+$ arran" '$oul be re"urne,

"$e( +anno" be orere re"urne "o A!uilar%Ro>ue. ome 'ear+$e' ma( be mae i"$ou" a

arran". e+"ion 12, Rule 12, Rule' o# 6our", i' e+lara"or( in "$e 'en'e "$a" i" i' +onne

"o "$e 'ear+$, i"$ou" a 'ear+$ arran", o# a er'on $o $a been arre'"e. =" i' al'o a

!eneral rule "$a", a' an in+ien" o# an arre'", "$e la+e or remi'e' $ere "$e arre'" a'

mae +an al'o be 'ear+$ i"$ou" a 'ear+$ arran". =n "$i' la""er +a'e, "$e e:"en" an

rea'onablene'' o# "$e 'ear+$ mu'" be e+ie on i"' on #a+"' an +ir+um'"an+e', an i"

$a' been '"a"e "$a", in "$e ali+a"ion o# !eneral rule', "$ere i' 'ome +on#u'ion in "$e

e+i'ion' a' "o $a" +on'"i"u"e' "$e e:"en" o# "$e la+e or remi'e' $i+$ ma( be

'ear+$e. 6on'ierin! "$a" A!uilar%Ro>ue $a' been +$ar!e i"$ Rebellion, $i+$ i' a +rime

a!ain'" ubli+ orerE "$a" "$e arran" #or $er arre'" $a' no" been 'erve #or a +on'ierable

erio o# "imeE "$a" '$e a' arre'"e i"$in "$e !eneral vi+ini"( o# $er ellin!E an "$a" "$e

'ear+$ o# $er ellin! a' mae i"$in a $al# $our o# $er arre'", "$e 6our" a' o# "$e

oinion "$a", in $er re'e+", "$e 'ear+$ a" No. 239%) Ma(on "ree", Pue;on 6i"(, i no" nee

a 'ear+$ arran"E "$i', #or o''ible ee+"ive re'ul"' in "$e in"ere'" o# ubli+ orer. u+$ bein!

"$e +a'e, "$e er'onali"ie' 'ei;e ma( be re"aine b( 6G, #or o''ible in"rou+"ion a'

evien+e in "$e Rebellion 6a'e, leavin! i" "o A!uilar%Ro>ue "o ob*e+" "o "$eir relevan+e an "o

a' e+ial Mili"ar( 6ommi''ion 1 "o re"urn "o $er an( all irrelevan" o+umen"' an ar"i+le'.

Pa'er Industries Cor'oration o t(e P(ili''ines vs. Asuncion

[GR 122092, 19 Ma( 1999] *+ird Division, %an0anian (J): 3 concur, 1 too! no part

Facts: On 25 Januar( 1995, oli+e 6$ie# =n'e+"or Naoleon ). a'+ua alie #or a 'ear+$

arran" be#ore "$e Re!ional -rial 6our" ?R-6@, )ran+$ 104, o# Pue;on 6i"(, '"a"in! ?1@ "$a""$e mana!emen" o# aer =nu'"rie' 6orora"ion o# "$e $iliine', lo+a"e a" =6O

+omoun, )aran!a( -abon, )i'li!, uri!ao el ur, rere'en"e b( i"' r. i+e re'ien"

Ri+aro G. an"ia!o, i' in o''e''ion or $a' in i"' +on"rol $i!$ oere rearm',

ammuni"ion', e:lo'ive', $i+$ are "$e 'ub*e+" o# "$e oen'e, or u'e or in"ene "o be

u'e in +ommi""in! "$e oen'e, an $i+$ are bein! e" an +on+eale in "$e remi'e'

$erein e'+ribeE ?2@ "$a" a ear+$ Darran" '$oul be i''ue "o enable an( a!en" o# "$e la

"o "ae o''e''ion an brin! "o "$i' Fonorable 6our" "$e #olloin! e'+ribe roer"ie'I

even"( ?B0@ M1 Armali"e rie' +al. 5.5, "en ?10@ M1 & rie', "o ?2@ AL%4B rie['], "o

?2@ &S= 'ubma+$ine!un['], "o ?2@ M203 Grenae aun+$er['] +al 40mm., "en ?10@ +al. 45

i'"ol['], "en ?10@ +al. 38 revolver['], "o ?2@ ammuni"ion reloain! ma+$ine['], a''or"e

ammuni"ion' #or 'ai +aliber' o# rearm' an "en ?10@ $an!renae'.7 -$e *oin" Ceo'i"ion

o# O3 6i+ero . )a+olo an O2 6e+ilio -. Mori"o, a' ell a' a 'ummar( o# "$e

in#orma"ion an "$e 'ulemen"ar( '"a"emen"' o# Mario na an <elie Moreno ere

a""a+$e "o "$e ali+a"ion. A#"er roounin! 'everal >ue'"ion' "o )a+olo, Ju!e

Ma:imiano 6. A'un+ion i''ue "$e +on"e'"e 'ear+$ arran". On 4 <ebruar( 1995, "$e oli+e

en#or+e "$e 'ear+$ arran" a" "$e =6O +omoun an 'ei;e variou' rearm' an

ammuni"ion. )elievin! "$a" "$e arran" a' invali an "$e 'ear+$ unrea'onable, aer

=nu'"rie' 6orora"ion o# "$e $iliine', vari'"o M. Narvae; Jr., Ri+aro G. an"ia!o,

Rober"o A. Cormeno, Re(ane C. A;u+ena, Ni+e#oro . Avila, <loren"ino M. Mula, <eli: O.





an "$u' ille!al au"$ori"( "o 'ear+$ all "$e '"ru+"ure' #oun in'ie "$e =6O +omoun.

)e+au'e "$e 'ear+$ arran" a' ro+ure in viola"ion o# "$e 6on'"i"u"ion an "$e Rule' o#

6our", all "$e rearm', e:lo'ive' an o"$er ma"erial' 'ei;e ere inami''ible #or an(

uro'e in an( ro+eein!.

Youse Al/G(oul vs. Court o A''eals

[GR 12859, 4 e"ember 2001] Second Division, 2uisumin0 (J): 4 concur

Facts: On 31 Mar+$ 1995, Ju!e Geronimo . Man!a(, re'iin! *u!e o# "$e Re!ional -rial

6our", Na"ional 6ai"al Jui+ial Re!ion, )ran+$ 125, Lalooan 6i"(, i''ue 'ear+$ arran"'

54%95 an 55%95 #or "$e 'ear+$ an 'ei;ure o# +er"ain i"em' in Aar"men" 2 a" 154 Obiniana

6omoun, Cearo Roa, Lalooan 6i"(. On 1 Aril 1995, "$e oli+e 'ear+$e Aar"men" 8,

in "$e 'ame +omoun an #oun one ?1@ .45 +aliber i'"ol. <oun in Aar"men" 2 ere 2 M%1 rie' i"$ 2 ma!a;ine' an 20 live M%1 ammuni"ion', 1 )ar o# emoli"ion +$ar!e, 1

6aliber i'"ol i"$ no. 34 an o"$er no'. ere la+e i"$ ma!a;ine o# 6aliber .45 an 3

live 45 ammuni"ion', 1 22 6aliber $an!un i"$ 5 live ammuni"ion' in i"' +(liner, 1 )o:

+on"ainin! 40 ie+e' o# .25 +aliber ammuni"ion', 2 ie+e' o# #ra!men"a"ion !renae, 1 roll o#

e"ona"in! +or +olor (ello, 2 bi! ba!' o# ammonium ni"ra"e 'u'e+"e "o be e:lo'ive'

'ub'"an+e, 22 e"ona"in! +or' i"$ bla'"in! +a', T an U oun o# $i!$ e:lo'ive' -N-, 1

"imer alarm +lo+, 2 ba!' o# 'u'e+"e !un oer, 2 'mall la'"i+ ba! o# 'u'e+"e

e:lo'ive 'ub'"an+e, 1 'mall bo: o# la'"i+ ba! o# 'u'e+"e (nami"e', One ei!$in! '+ale,

an 2 ba""erie' 9 vol"' i"$ bla'"in! +a' an e"ona"in! +or. -$e rearm', ammuni"ion',

e:lo'ive' an o"$er in+eniar( evi+e' 'ei;e a" "$e aar"men"' ere a+nole!e in "$e

re+ei" 'i!ne b( O2 Melanio e la 6ru;. Kou'e# Al G$oul, ='am Mo$amma Abul$ai,Dail Ra'$i Al%L$a"ib, Nabeel Na''er Al%Ri(ami, A'$ra# Fa''am Al%Ka;ori, an Mo$amma

Abu'$eni ere +$ar!e be#ore "$e Re!ional -rial 6our" o# Lalooan 6i"(, )ran+$ 123, in

in#orma"ion' ?6riminal 6a'e' 6%48%B@ a++u'in! "$em i"$ ille!al o''e''ion o# rearm',

ammuni"ion' an e:lo'ive', ur'uan" "o re'ien"ial Ce+ree 18. -$erea#"er, "$e( ere

arre'"e an e"aine. -$e( le a mo"ion #or bail on 24 Ma( 1995, "$e re'olu"ion o# $i+$

a' $el in abe(an+e b( "$e R-6 enin! "$e re'en"a"ion o# evien+e #rom "$e ro'e+u"ion

"o e"ermine $e"$er or no" "$e evien+e re'en"e i' '"ron!. On B <ebruar( 199, a" "$e

$earin! #or bail, "$e R-6 ami""e all e:$ibi"' bein! oere #or $a"ever uro'e "$a" "$e(

ma(be or"$ a#"er "$e ro'e+u"ion $a ni'$e au+in! i"' evien+e e'i"e "$e ob*e+"ion

b( "$e e"i"ioner' on "$e ami''ibili"( o# 'ai evien+e. On 19 <ebruar( 199, "$e R-6

enie "$eir mo"ion #or bail earlier le. A' "$eir a+"ion be#ore aella"e +our" al'o rove

#u"ile, i"$ "$e aella"e +our" i'mi''in! "$eir 'e+ial +ivil a+"ion #or +er"iorari, "$e( le "$e

e"i"ion #or revie be#ore "$e ureme 6our".

Issue: D$e"$er "$e 'ear+$ an 'ei;ure orer' are vali, an "$e ob*e+"' 'ei;e ami''ible in

evien+e.



Held: A' $el in =6O v. A'un+ion, "$e la+e "o be 'ear+$e +anno" be +$an!e, enlar!e

nor amlie b( "$e oli+e. oli+emen ma( no" be re'"raine #rom ur'uin! "$eir "a' i"$

vi!or, bu" in oin! 'o, +are mu'" be "aen "$a" +on'"i"u"ional an le!al 'a#e!uar' are no"

i're!are. :+lu'ion o# unla#ull( 'ei;e evien+e i' "$e onl( ra+"i+al mean' o# en#or+in!

"$e +on'"i"u"ional in*un+"ion a!ain'" unrea'onable 'ear+$e' an 'ei;ure'. Fen+e, "$e 'ear+$

mae a" Aar"men" No. 8 i' ille!al an "$e .45 +aliber i'"ol "aen "$erea" i' inami''ible in

evien+e a!ain'" Al%G$oul, e". al. =n +on"ra'", "$e 'ear+$ +onu+"e a" Aar"men" 2 +oul no"

be 'imilarl( #aul"e. -$e 'ear+$ arran"' 'e+i+all( men"ione Aar"men" 2. -$e 'ear+$

a' one in "$e re'en+e o# i"' o++uan"', in a++oran+e i"$ e+"ion B o# Rule 12, Revi'e

Rule' o# 6our". -$e ar"i+le' 'ei;e urin! "$e 'ear+$ o# Aar"men" 2 are o# "$e 'ame in

an na"ure a' "$o'e i"em' enumera"e in "$e 'ear+$ arran". -$e i"em' 'ei;e #rom

Aar"men" 2 ere e'+ribe i"$ 'e+i+i"( in "$e arran"' in >ue'"ion. -$e na"ure o# "$e

i"em' orere "o be 'ei;e i no" re>uire a "e+$ni+al e'+ri"ion. Moreover, "$e la oe'

no" re>uire "$a" "$e "$in!' "o be 'ei;e mu'" be e'+ribe in re+i'e an minu"e e"ail' a'

"o leave no room #or oub" on "$e ar" o# "$e 'ear+$in! au"$ori"ie', o"$eri'e, i" oul be

vir"uall( imo''ible #or "$e ali+an"' "o ob"ain a 'ear+$ arran" a' "$e( oul no" noe:a+"l( $a" in o# "$in!' "$e( are looin! #or. On+e e'+ribe, $oever, "$e ar"i+le'

'ub*e+" o# "$e 'ear+$ an 'ei;ure nee no" be 'o invarian" a' "o re>uire ab'olu"e

+on+oran+e be"een "$o'e 'ei;e an "$o'e e'+ribe in "$e arran". ub'"an"ial 'imilari"(

o# "$o'e ar"i+le' e'+ribe a' a +la'' or 'e+ie' oul 'u/+e.

)el 0osario y icolas vs. Peo'le

G.R. No. 142295, Ma( 31, 2001 ARCO, J

FactsI A++u'e%aellan" i+en"e el Ro'ario a' #oun !uil"( o# viola"ion o# . C. No. 18o# "$e Re!ional -rial 6our" o# Malolo'. Alle!el(, 'ome"ime in Ma( 199, "$e oli+e re+eive areor" "$a" a++u'e%aellan" i+en"e el Ro'ario a' in o''e''ion o# +er"ain rearm'i"$ou" "$e ne+e''ar( li+en'e'. A+"in! uon "$e reor", "$e N 6riminal =nve'"i!a"ion Grouin>uire #rom "$e N <irearm' an :lo'ive Civi'ion $e"$er or no" "$e reor" a' "rue.

-$e N <irearm' an :lo'ive' Civi'ion i''ue a +er"i+a"ion '"a"in! "$a" er re+or' in $i'o/+e, "$e aellan" i' no" a li+en'ere!i'"ere rearm $oler o# an( in an +aliber.Arme i"$ "$e 'ai +er"i+a"ion "$e oli+e alie #or a 'ear+$ arran" "o enable "$em "o'ear+$ "$e $ou'e o# aellan".

&on "$e i''uan+e o# "$e arran", a "eam le b( r. =n'. Ai>ue en" "o Nor;a!ara( "o'erve "$e arran". )e#ore ro+eein! "o "$e re'ien+e o# "$e aellan", "$e oli+e o/+er're>ue'"e )aran!a( 6$airman Ro!elio e ilva an )aran!a( 6oun+ilman Aurelio an"eleon"o a++oman( "$em in "$e imlemen"a"ion o# "$e arran". &on arrival a" "$e $ou'e o# aellan", "$e oli+e o/+er' in"rou+e "$em'elve' "o "$e i#e o# aellan". D$en "$eaellan" +ame ou", r. =n'. Ai>ue in#orme $im "$a" "$e( $a a 'ear+$ arran" an "$a""$e( ere au"$ori;e "o 'ear+$ $i' $ou'e. A#"er aellan" !ave $i' ermi''ion, "$e oli+eo/+er' +onu+"e a 'ear+$ o# "$e $ou'e. -$e 'ear+$ (iele "$e #olloin! i"em'I ?a@ a+aliber .45 i'"ol i"$ erial No. B03B92 i"$ ve ma!a;ine' o# +aliber .45 ?:$ibi"' ) an F@



#oun a" "$e ma'"erV' beroomE ?b@ ve ma!a;ine' o# 5.5 M%1 rie an "o raio'?:$ibi"' 6 "o 6%4@ #oun in "$e room o# aellan"V' au!$"erE an ?+@ a +aliber .22 revolveri"$ erial No. 48B3 ?:$ibi" <@ +on"ainin! 8 ie+e' o# live ammuni"ion ?:$ibi" M@ #oun in"$e i"+$en o# "$e $ou'e. D$en a'e abou" $i' li+en'e "o o''e'' "$e rearm', "$eaellan" #aile "o rou+e an(. -$i' rom"e "$e oli+e o/+er' "o 'ei;e "$e 'ub*e+"rearm'.

<or $i' e#en'e, aellan" +on"en' "$a" $e $a a li+en'e #or "$e +aliber .45 i'"ol re+overe

in $i' beroom an "$a" "$e o"$er i"em' 'ei;e urin! "$e 'ear+$ in+luin! "$e +aliber .22

revolver, ere merel( lan"e b( "$e oli+e o/+er'. Aellan" liei'e a''ail' "$e manner in

$i+$ "$e 'ear+$ a' +arrie ou", +laimin! "$a" "$e oli+e o/+er' *u'" bar!e in"o $i' $ou'e

i"$ou" a'in! ermi''ion. <ur"$ermore, $e +laime "$a" "$e baran!a( o/+ial' arrive onl(

a#"er "$e oli+e alrea( $a ni'$e "$e 'ear+$. Foever, a#"er "rial "$e "rial +our" renere

a *u!men" o# +onvi+"ion $i+$ e+i'ion a' a/rme b( "$e 6our" o# Aeal'.

Issue: D$e"$er or no" "$e 'ei;ure o# i"em' no" men"ione in "$e 'ear+$ arran" a' ille!al.

Held: -$e ureme 6our" RR "$e e+i'ion o# "$e 6our" o# Aeal' an

A6P&=- e"i"ioner i+en"e el Ro'ario ( Ni+ola' o# "$e +$ar!e o# viola"ion o# . C. No. 18.

ei;ure i' limi"e "o "$o'e i"em' ar"i+ularl( e'+ribe in a vali 'ear+$ arran". ear+$in!

o/+er' are i"$ou" i'+re"ion re!arin! $a" ar"i+le' "$e( '$all 'ei;e. vien+e 'ei;e on

"$e o++a'ion o# 'u+$ an unrea'onable 'ear+$ an 'ei;ure i' "ain"e an e:+lue #or bein!

"$e roverbial W#rui" o# a oi'onou' "ree.W =n "$e lan!ua!e o# "$e #unamen"al la, i" '$all beinami''ible in evien+e #or an( uro'e in an( ro+eein!

=n "$i' +a'e, "$e rearm a' no" #oun inaver"en"l( an in lain vie. =" a' #oun a' a

re'ul" o# a me"i+ulou' 'ear+$ in "$e i"+$en o# e"i"ionerV' $ou'e. -$i' rearm, "o em$a'i;e,

a' no" men"ione in "$e 'ear+$ arran". -$u', "$e 'ei;ure i' ille!al.

-rue "$a" a' an e:+e"ion, "$e oli+e ma( 'ei;e i"$ou" arran" ille!all( o''e''e rearm

or an( +on"raban #or "$a" ma""er, inaver"en"l( #oun in lain vie. Foever, W["]$e 'ei;ure

o# evien+e in Vlain vieV alie' onl( $ere "$e oli+e o/+er i' no" 'ear+$in! #or evien+e

a!ain'" "$e a++u'e, bu" inaver"en"l( +ome' a+ro'' an in+rimina"in! ob*e+".W52 e+i+all(,

'ei;ure o# evien+e in Wlain vieW i' *u'"ie $en "$ere i'I

?a@ a rior vali in"ru'ion ba'e on "$e vali arran"le'' arre'" in $i+$ "$e oli+e are

le!all( re'en" in "$e ur'ui" o# "$eir o/+ial u"ie'E

?b@ "$e evien+e a' inaver"en"l( i'+overe b( "$e oli+e $o $a "$e ri!$" "o be

$ere "$e( are.



?+@ "$e evien+e mu'" be immeia"el( aaren", an

?@ Wlain vieW *u'"ie mere 'ei;ure o# evien+e i"$ou" #ur"$er 'ear+$.

Peo'le vs. Francisco

G.R. No. 129035, Au!u'" 22, 2002 Knare'%an"ia!o, J.

Facts: <reeri+o erona an Annabelle <ran+i'+o, $i' live%in !irl#rien, ere uner oli+e

'urveillan+e a#"er a "e'"%bu( oera"ion, +onrmin! "$a" "$e( 'ell '$abu ?me"$am$e"amine

$(ro+$lorie@. O2 -enero' an O4 an Juan alie #or a 'ear+$ arran" be#ore Manila

R-6 )r. 23, #or a 'ear+$ a" 122 M. Fi;on "., 6aloo+an 6i"(, a#"er a +er"ain Can"e )arailla

+laimin! "o be one o# "$e a++u'e7' runner' #or ru! oera"ion' alle!el( 'ou!$" oli+ea''i'"an+e #or "$eir arre'". Ju!e )a($on o# 'ai +our" i''ue "$e arran" #or "$e 'ear+$ o#

'$abu an ara$ernalia a" "$e la+e alie #or. Curin! "$e 'ear+$, a++u'e <ran+i'+o $o

a' 9 mon"$' re!nan", a' "$en re'"in! in'ie "$eir beroom in "$e 'e+on oor o# "$eir

"o%'"ore( aar"men". 8 oli+emen ere "$ere $o 'ear+$e #or abou" an $our ?O2

-enero' a' no" i"$ "$em@ "o!e"$er i"$ "$e )r!(. 6$airman an a 6oun+ilor $en "$e(

'ei;e "$e #olloin! i"em' #rom "$eir $ou'eI

a. 1 'ala 'e" mare (re: rae in a la'"i+ +on"ainin! $i"e +r('"$alline 'ub'"an+e

or '$abu ei!$in! 230 !ram'

b. everal la'"i+' in ieren" 'i;e'

+. 2 roll o# '"ri aluminum #oil

. 5 "oo"er a"er ie an imrovi'e an 2 burner imrovi'e

e. 2 an"aal or mea'urin! ei!$" in '$abu

#. 2 +ellular $one Mo"orola i"$ marin!'

!. 1 moni"orin! evi+e i"$ +or an i"$ marin!'

$. everal +'. i"$ '"ri aluminum #oil

i. 2 ma'in! "i i"$ marin!'

*. 22,990.00



-$e "eam al'o alle!el( 'ei;e "$e #olloin!I 180,000.00, a <ia" +ar, *eelr(, 'e" o# e(',

A-M +ar, ban boo', an +ar o+umen"'. A++u'e ere +$ar!e i"$ viola"ion o# RA 425,

or "$e Can!erou' Cru!' A+" a" R-6 6aloo+an )r. 12B an leae no" !uil"( uon

arrai!nmen" an le a mo"ion "o >ua'$ $i+$ a' enie b( "$e +our". -$erea#"er, i"

+onvi+"e "$e a++u'e o# 'ai +$ar!e, '"a"in! "$a" in eole v. elo'o, re>uiremen"' o# a

'ear+$ arran" ma( $ave +er"ain e:+e"ion' ?'e+i+ e'+ri"ion o# "$e la+e "o be

'ear+$e@. A++u'e aeale 'ai e+i'ion, rai'in! rin+iall( "$e i''ue "$a" 'u+$ a 'ear+$

a' ille!al 'in+e "$eir $ou'e $i+$ a' 'ear+$e i' lo+a"e a" 120 M. Fi;on "., 6aloo+an

6i"(, +er"ainl( ieren" #rom "$e are'' ini+a"e in "$e arran". u+$ la+e i' "$a" one

b( Mr. Jo'e$ 6$in! bu" "urne ou" "$a" i" $a no $ou'e number a#"er an o+ular in'e+"ion b(

"$e "rial +our". O2 -enero' on "$e o"$er $an "rie "o e:lain b( 'a(in! "$a" $e "$ou!$"

"$e $ou'e "o be 'ear+$e bore "$e are'' 122 M. Fi;on ".

-$i' i' an AA #rom a e+i'ion o# "$e Re!ional -rial 6our" o# 6aloo+an 6i"(, )r. 12B $en i"

re#u'e "o nulli#( "$e a+"ion' o# oli+e o/+er' in 'ear+$in! "$e ron! la+e no" ini+a"e in

"$e 'ear+$ arran".

Issue: DON "$e 'ear+$ +onu+"e a' ille!al "$u' renerin! "$e evien+e' !a"$ere a'

inami''ible an nulli#(in! oli+e a+"ion'

Held: K. -$e +our" rei"era"e "$a" "$e valii"( o# a 'ear+$ i' eenen" on "$e la+e

ini+a"e in "$e arran" i"'el# an no" uon "$e nole!e o# "$e 'ear+$in! au"$ori"ie'. ="

+anno" be +$an!e, enlar!e, nor amlie b( "$em 'in+e i" i' ro'+ribe b( "$e

6on'"i"u"ion.

=" al'o oin"e ou" "$a" even "$e e'+ri"ion o# "$e )arailla ?a''e"@ re#erre "o "$e $ou'e

lo+a"e a" 122 M. Fi;on "., an no" a" 120 M. Fi;on ". ?a++u'e7' re'ien+e@. -$ere#ore, "$e

aeal a' GRAN-C an a++u'e a' a+>ui""e.

-$e +our" al'o em$a'i;e "$e re>ui'i"e' o# a vali arran" "o i''ueI

1. robable +au'e i' re'en"

2. u+$ re'en+e i' e"ermine er'onall( b( "$e *u!e

3. -$e +omlainan" an "$e i"ne''e' $e or '$e ma( rou+e are er'onall( e:amine b(

"$e *u!e, in ri"in! an uner oa"$ or a/rma"ion

4. -$e ali+an" an "$e i"ne''e' "e'"i#( on "$e #a+"' er'onall( non "o "$em

5. -$e arran" 'e+i+all( e'+ribe' "$e la+e "o be 'ear+$e an "$e "$in!' "o be 'ei;e.



=" no"e "$a" ab'en+e o# an( o# "$e'e re>ui'i"e' ill +au'e "$e onri!$" nulli+a"ion o# "$e

'ear+$ arran"', lie in "$i' +a'e.

&N=A), =N6. v'. RN-O == anor FA=MAR F===N

G.R. No. 13858. June 28, 2005

Facts: Rolano F. )e'arra o# "$e Na"ional )ureau o# =nve'"i!a"ion le #or 'ear+$ arran"

+on+ernin! "$e r'" "o oor' o# $alimar )uilin! one an oera"e b( rne'"o ='i an

#or 'ei;ure o# &N=A) ar"i+ularl( Revi+on mul"i vi"amin', Ci'urin, 'unr( i"em' "$a" are

unau"$ori;e rou+"ion manu#a+"ure o# "$e 'ai ru!' a#"er 'urveillan+e o# an a''e" o#

Armaillo ro"e+"ive an e+uri"( A!en+(. A#"er $i+$ "$e 'ear+$ arran" a' 'erve on

re'onen" builin!. -$e 'ear+$ an 'ei;ure a' able "o rou+e B92 bo""le' o# Ci'urin an

30 bo:e' ea+$ +on"ainin! 100 ie+e' o# =noo:. D$en "$e 'ei;e ob*e+"' a' "o be "urne

over "o "$e )ureau o# <oo an Cru!', re'onen"' le an &r!en" Mo"ion "o Pua'$ "$eear+$ Darran" or "o ure'' vien+e a''ailin! "$a" "$e 'ear+$in! "eam 'ear+$e #rom

r'" "o #our"$ oor' an "$e builin! a" No. 1524%A, a+'on Avenue, "a. 6ru;, Manila $ile

$a" i' ini+a"e on "$e 'ear+$ arran" i' "$e r'" an 'e+on oor' o# $alimar )l!.

lo+a"e a" No. 15B1, Ara!on ". "a. 6ru; "$u' all "$o'e "$a" a' 'ei;e ere #rui" o# a

oi'onou' "ree "$u' inami''ible #or evien+e. On Mar+$ 11, 2004 "$e R-6 !ran"e "$e

re'onen"' mo"ion +on"enin! "$a" !roun u'e b( re'onen"' "o >ua'$ "$e 'ear+$

arran" a' no" invoe an "$a" "$e 'ei;ure o# "$e i"em' a' ba'e on "$e lain vie

o+"rine. On "$e o"$er $an "$e re'onen"' a''aile "$a" i" '$oul be "$e )<AC an no"

"$e e"i"ioner' $o '$oul al( "$e 'ear+$ arran". )<AC 'ubmi""e "$e re'ul" o# i"'

e:amina"ion on "$e 'ei;e ma"erial' an #oun i" "o be 'ub'"anar. On Ma( 28, 2004 "$e

R-6 renere i"' e+i'ion no"in! "$a" "$e 'ear+$ arran" i' onl( #or "$e +oun"er#ei" rou+"'o# Revi+on an no" "$e a+"ual rou+"' 'ei;e.

Issues:

1@ D$e"$er or no" "$e bo""le' o# Ci'urin an bo:e' o# =noo: are inami''ible a' evien+e

a!ain'" "$e re'onen"'.

2@ D$e"$er or no" "$e 'ei;ure o# "$e 'ame +oun"er#ei" ru!' i' *u'"ie an la#ul uner "$e

lain vie o+"rine $en+e +an be ami""e a' evien+e.

Held: -$e e"i"ion i' enie #or la+ o# meri".

A 'ear+$ arran" i' a le!al ro+e'' $i+$ $a' been liene "o a ri" o# i'+over( emlo(e

b( "$e "a"e "o ro+ure relevan" evien+e o# +rime. =" i' in "$e na"ure o# a +riminal ro+e'',

re'"ri+"e "o +a'e' o# ubli+ ro'e+u"ion'. A 'ear+$ arran" i' a oli+e eaon, i''ue uner



"$e oli+e oer. A 'ear+$ arran" mu'" i''ue in "$e name o# "$e "a"e, namel(, "$e eole

o# "$e $iliine'.

A 'ear+$ arran", "o be vali, mu'" ar"i+ularl( e'+ribe "$e la+e "o be 'ear+$e an "$e

"$in!' "o be 'ei;e. -$e o/+er' o# "$e la are "o 'ei;e onl( "$o'e "$in!' ar"i+ularl(

e'+ribe in "$e 'ear+$ arran". A 'ear+$ arran" i' no" a 'eein! au"$ori"( emoerin! a

raiin! ar"( "o uner"ae a '$in! e:ei"ion "o 'ei;e an +on'+a"e an( an all in' o#

evien+e or ar"i+le' rela"in! "o a +rime. -$e 'ear+$ i' limi"e in '+oe 'o a' no" "o be

!eneral or e:lana"or(. No"$in! i' le#" "o "$e i'+re"ion o# "$e o/+er e:e+u"in! "$e arran".

-$e immeia"e re>uiremen" mean' "$a" "$e e:e+u"in! o/+er +an, a" "$e "ime o# i'+over( o#

"$e ob*e+" or "$e #a+"' "$erein available "o $im, e"ermine robable +au'e o# "$e ob*e+"7'

in+rimina"in! evien+e. =n o"$er or', "o be immeia"e, robable +au'e mu'" be "$e ire+"

re'ul" o# "$e o/+er7' in'"an"aneou' 'en'or( er+e"ion o# "$e ob*e+". -$e ob*e+" i' aaren"

i# "$e e:e+u"in! o/+er $a robable +au'e "o +onne+" "$e ob*e+" "o +riminal a+"ivi"(. -$e

in+rimina"in! na"ure o# "$e evien+e be+ome' aaren" in "$e +our'e o# "$e 'ear+$, i"$ou"

"$e bene" o# an( unla#ul 'ear+$ or 'ei;ure. =" mu'" be aaren" a" "$e momen" o# 'ei;ure.

in+e "$e ar"i+le' alle!el( 'ei;e urin! "$e imlemen"a"ion o# "$e 'ear+$ arran" X

Ci'urin an =nou: rou+"' X ere no" in+lue in "$e 'ear+$ arran", "$e( ere,

"$ere#ore, no" la#ull( 'ei;e b( "$e raiin! "eamE "$e( are no" ille!al er 'e, a' i" ere, lie

an arm' +a+$e, 'ubver'ive ma"erial' or '$abu a' "o *u'"i#( "$eir 'ei;ure in "$e +our'e o# a

la#ul 'ear+$, or bein! in lain vie or 'ome 'u+$. No nee $a"ever #or 'ome ubli+ a''a(.

-$e N)= mani#e'"a"ion i' a !larin! ami''ion "$a" i" +anno" "ell i"$ou" roer e:amina"ion

or a''a( "$a" "$e Ci'urin an =noo: 'amle' alle!el( 'ei;e #rom re'onen"7' la+e

ere +oun"er#ei". All "$e relevan" re'um"ion' are in #avor o# le!ali"(.

-$e e"i"ioner aver' "$a" "$e lain vie o+"rine i' ali+able in "$i' +a'e be+au'e "$e bo:e'ere #oun ou"'ie "$e oor o# "$e re'onen"'7 labora"or( on "$e !ara!e oor. -$e bo:e'

arou'e "$e 'u'i+ion o# "$e member' o# "$e raiin! "eam X re+i'el( be+au'e "$e'e ere

mare i"$ "$e i'"in+"ive &N=A) lo!o'. -$e bo:e' in $i+$ "$e i"em' ere +on"aine

ere "$em'elve' 'o e'i!na"e "o reli+a"e "rue an ori!inal &N=A) bo:e' #or "$e 'ame

mei+ine. -$u', on "$e le#" $an +orner o# one 'ie o# 'ome o# "$e bo:e' "$e le""er' A)R

uner "$e or' 0 ml, aeare "o e'+ribe "$e +oni"ion>uali"( o# "$e bo""le' in'ie ?a'

i" i' i"$ !enuine &N=A) bo: o# "$e "rue mei+ine o# "$e 'ame bran@. -$e e"i"ioner

oin"e ou" "$a" A)R i' "$e a+ron(m #or amber bo""le roun e'+ribin! "$e bo""le' in

$i+$ "$e "rue an ori!inal Ci'urin ?#or +$ilren@ i' +on"aine.

Ob*e+"', ar"i+le' or aer' no" e'+ribe in "$e arran" bu" on lain vie o# "$e e:e+u"in!

o/+er ma( be 'ei;e b( $im. Foever, "$e 'ei;ure b( "$e o/+er o# ob*e+"'ar"i+le'aer'

no" e'+ribe in "$e arran" +anno" be re'ume a' lain vie. -$e "a"e mu'" au+e

evien+e, "e'"imonial or o+umen"ar(, "o rove "$e +onuen+e o# "$e e''en"ial re>uiremen"'

#or "$e o+"rine "o al(, namel(I ?a@ "$e e:e+u"in! la en#or+emen" o/+er $a' a rior

*u'"i+a"ion #or an ini"ial in"ru'ion or o"$eri'e roerl( in a o'i"ion #rom $i+$ $e +an vie

a ar"i+ular orerE ?b@ "$e o/+er mu'" i'+over in+rimina"in! evien+e inaver"en"l(E an ?+@

i" mu'" be immeia"el( aaren" "o "$e oli+e "$a" "$e i"em' "$e( ob'erve ma( be evien+e

o# a +rime, +on"raban, or o"$eri'e 'ub*e+" "o 'ei;ure.



Documents

Searches and Seizures Digest Part2