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Arrays

An array is a collection of several data items of the same data type. It consists of

several contiguous memory locations storing data. It removes the cumbersome task

of defining separate variables for each data item. A single variable can be used to

store one or more data items. For example, if you want to store ages of 10 students

of a class, you can easily declare an array of integer type of size 10 instead of

declaring 10 variables of integer type each storing age of a student. The general

form of the single dimension array is:-

General format:

type variable_name [size];

The type is the base type of the array and which is the type of each of the element

of the array. The size is the no of the elements in the array. The variable_name is

the name of the identifier holding the array. For example,

int age [10];

The age is an array of type integer whose size is 10. It can hold 10 data values. The specific

element in the array can be accessed using an index. An index is the offset from the first element

of the array. For example, first element has an index of 0 while the third element has an index of

2. The integer age has elements from age[0] to age[9]. Here is a program which illustrates the

working of arrays.

#include

void main ()

{

int age[10];

int i,sum=0, avg=0;

int max,min;

Programming II C++- Prepared by Syed Ibrahim Page 1


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for(i=0;i


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cout


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will initialize all the elements of the array age to be zero. If you want some of the

elements to be initialized with specific value and rest of the values to be zero then

here is an example.

int age[5]={12,13};

The elements age[0] and age[1] will be initialized to 12 and 13 respectively and rest

of the elements will be initialized to zero.

Null Terminated Strings

The most common use of one dimensional array is for character strings. The null

terminated string is a character array with a null character at the end. The

characters form the string with a null character indicating the termination of the

string. A null terminated string can be declared as

char name[10];

it will hold 10 characters with a null at the end. The size of the array can be more

than the length of the array. The array can be initialized as

char name[10]={'f','a','t','h','m',a};

The first 6 elements are initialized and rest elements are null characters. Here is a

program which calculates the length of the string.

// program which calculates the length of the string

#include

void main()

{

char name[15];

int i=0;

cout name;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_characterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_character


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while(name[i]!='\0')

{

i++;

}

cout


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int flag = 0; // set flag to off

for(int i=0; i


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Introduction to Two-Dimensional

Arrays

Objectives:

To be able to declare a two-dimensional array.

To be able to perform fundamental operations on a two-dimensionalarray.

To be able to view a two-dimensional array as an array of arrays.

Two-dimensional arrays, the most common multidimensional arrays, are

used to store information that we normally represent in table form. Two-

dimensional arrays, like one-dimensional arrays, are homogeneous. This

means that all of the data in a two-dimensional array is of the same type.

Examples of applications involving two-dimensional arrays include:

a seating plan for a room (organized by rows and columns), a monthly budget (organized by category and month), and a grade book where rows might correspond to individual students and

columns to student scores.

The two dimensional array can be declared as

int age[2][5]; this array has two rows and 5 columns.

Two-Dimensional Array Initialization

We can declare and initialize an array A as follows:

//declaration



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int A[3][4] = {{8, 2, 6, 5}, //row 0

{6, 3, 1 ,0}, //row 1

{8, 7, 9, 6}}; //row 2

Memory for the array may be visualized as:

Example-I

#include

void main ()

{

int age[2][5]= { {12,13,14,15,15}, { 12,16,17,13,12}};

int i,j;

int sum=0,avg=0; for(i=0;i


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}

}

The result of the program is: -

Example-II

#include

#include

main()

{

clrscr();

char week[7][9] =

{Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday};

clrscr();

cout


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No. of Rows =7 (0 -6) No.of.Columns = 9(0-8)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Example-III

#include

int main()

{

int age [] = {16, 2, 77, 40, 12};

char name[5][5]={"jane","fred","mary","henry","john"};

int i;

int total_age = 0, average_age = 0;

for ( i=0 ; i


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average_age = total_age/5;

cout


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char yourname[10] ;

cout>yourname;

flag = NOTFOUND ;

for ( i = 0 ; i


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#include

#include

main()

{

clrscr();

int temp[3][4] = {{26, 34, 22, 17},{24, 32, 19, 13},{28, 38, 25, 20}};

int highest = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)

for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j)

{

if (temp[i][j] > highest)

highest = temp[i][j];

}

cout


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7 8 9

#include

int main()

{

int array[ 3 ][ 3 ] = { { 1, 2, 3 },{ 4, 5, 6 } ,{ 7, 8, 9 } };

cout


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cout


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void main()

{

clrscr();

int pos,i,j;

j=0;

char s[20],s1[20];

couts;

pos=strlen(s);

for(i=pos-1;i>=0;i--)

{

s1[j]=s[i];

j+=1;

}

s1[j]='\0';

cout


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