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Language Popularity Perl PHP References
Scripting languages: Perl and PHP
Tuukka Haapasalo
December 1, 2009
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
Outline
1 Language Popularity
2 PerlIntroductionHistorySyntax
3 PHPIntroductionHistory
4 References
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
Popularity of Programming Languages [3, 10]
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
Perl
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
Write-only code?$_=’ev
al (" seek \040DATA ,0, 0;"); foreach (1..3)
{<DATA >;} my @camel1hump ; my$camel ;my$Camel ; while ( <DATA >){ $_= sprintf ("% -6
9s",$_ ); my@dromedary 1= split (//); if( defined ($_=<DATA >)){ @camel1hum p= split (//);} while ( @dromeda
ry1 ){ my$camel1hump =0 ; my$CAMEL =3; if( defined ($_=shift( @dromedary1 ))&&/\ S/){ $camel1hump +=1<< $CAMEL ;}
$CAMEL --;if(d efined ($_= shift ( @dromedary1 ))&&/\ S/){$camel1hump +=1 <<$CAMEL ;} $CAMEL --;if( defined ($_= shift (
@camel1hump ))&&/\ S/){ $camel1hump +=1<< $CAMEL ;} $CAMEL --;if(defined ($_= shift ( @camel1hump ))&&/\ S/){ $camel1hump +=1<< $CAMEL;;} $camel .=( split (// ,"\040..m ‘{/J \047\134} L^7 FX "))[ $camel1h
ump ];} $camel .="\n";} @camel1hump = split (/\n/, $camel ); foreach (@camel1hump ){ chomp ; $Camel =$_;y/LJF7 \173\175 ‘\047/\061\062\063\064\065\066\067\070/; y /12345678/ JL7F \175\173\047 ‘/; $_= reverse ;
print "$_ \040 $Camel \n";} foreach ( @camel1hump ){ chomp ; $Camel =$_;y/LJF7 \173\175 ‘\047/12345678/; y /12345678/ JL7F \175\173\0 47 ‘/;
$_= reverse ; print "\040 $_$Camel \n";} ’;;s/\s*//g;; eval ; eval("seek \040 DATA ,0 ,0;"); undef$ /; $_=<DATA >;s/\s*//g;( );;s
;^.*_;;; map{ eval " print \" $_ \"" ;}/.{4}/ g; __DATA__ \124\1 50\145\040\165\163\145\040\157\1 46\040\1 41\0
40\143\141 \155\145\1 54\040\1 51\155\ 141\147\145\0 40\151\156 \040\141 \163\16 3\
157\143\ 151\141\16 4\151\1 57\156\040\167 \151\164\1 50\040\ 120\145\162\ 154\040\15 1\163\ 040\141\040\1 64\162\1 41\144 \145\155\14 1\162\ 153\04 0\157
\146\ 040\11 7\047\ 122\145\15 1\154\1 54\171 \040\046\ 012\101\16 3\163\15 7\143\15 1\141\16 4\145\163 \054
\040 \111\156\14 3\056\040\ 125\163\145\14 4\040\167\1 51\164\1 50\0 40\160\
145\162 \155\151\163\163 \151\1
57\156\056
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
Black PerlBEFOREHAND : close door , each window & exit ; wait until time .
open spellbook , study , read (scan , select , tell us );write it , print the hex while each watches ,
reverse its length , write again ;kill spiders , pop them , chop , split , kill them.
unlink arms , shift , wait & listen (listening , wait ),sort the flock (then , warn the " goats " & kill the " sheep ");
kill them , dump qualms , shift moralities ,values aside , each one;
die sheep ! die to reverse the systemyou accept (reject , respect );
next step ,kill the next sacrifice , each sacrifice ,
wait , redo ritual until "all the spirits are pleased ";do it ("as they say").
do it (* everyone *** must *** participate *** in *** forbidden **s*e*x*).return last victim ; package body;
exit crypt (time , times & "half a time") & close it ,select ( quickly ) & warn your next victim ;
AFTERWORDS : tell nobody .wait , wait until time ;
wait until next year , next decade ;sleep , sleep , die yourself ,
die at last
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
Introduction
Introduction
Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall, a linguist workingas a systems administrator for NASA [11].Perl is based on languages including C, shell scripting (sh),AWK, and sed (and Pascal, and BASIC|PLUS, . . . ).Initial purpose was to be a replacement for an overtaxed awk.Wall used Perl as a general-purpose Unix scripting languageto make report processing easier.
Perl slogans [5]
There’s more than one way to do it.Perl makes easy jobs easy, and the hard jobs possible.
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
Introduction
Usage of Perl
Used for easy manipulation of text files, graphicsprogramming, system administration, network programming,applications that require database access and CGIprogramming on the Web [11].Nicknamed "the Swiss Army chainsaw of programminglanguages" due to its flexibility and adaptability.See an introduction to Perl by Stotts [9].
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
Introduction
Etymology
Etymology
Perl was originally named Pearl, after the Parable of the Pearlfrom the Gospel of Matthew. [11]Name arbitrarily chosen for its positive connotations.Renamed to Perl to differentiate from the existingprogramming language PEARL.Common acronyms coined afterwards (from Perl man pages):
Practical Extraction and Report LanguagePathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
History of Perl [2]1987 Perl 1.000 released.1988 Perl 2.000 released.1989 Perl 3.000 released, first public Perl tutorial.1990 Convex (computer vendor) includes Perl as part of its standard
OS distribution.1991 Perl 4.000 released, Programming Perl (1st edition) published.1992 First release of MacPerl.1994 Perl 5.000 released.1995 CPAN (Comprehensive Perl Archive Network) introduced to
the Perl community.1996 Doug MacEachern introduces mod_perl, which embeds a Perl
interpreter into an Apache module.1998 The movie Sphere is released featuring a small snippet of code
from the Perl FAQ.
Full release history found in Perl Programming Documentation [1].Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
Important peopleLarry Wall, author of Perl, a linguist working as systemsadministrator for NASA. Author also of rn (Usenet client) andpatch. Co-author of Programming Perl (the Camel book).Randal Schwartz a.k.a. merlyn, author of most Perl programmingbooks. Author of the Schwartzian transform. Popularized the Justanother Perl hacker signatures.Jarkko Hietaniemi, creator and self-appointed master librarian ofCPAN, author of several Perl modules, maintainer of Perl.
Schwartzian transform [13]
@sorted = map { $_->[0] }sort { $a->[1] cmp $b->[1] }map { [$_, foo($_)] }
@unsorted;
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
Perl 1.000, 1987DESCRIPTIONPerl is a interpreted language optimized for scanning arbi-trary text files, extracting information from those textfiles, and printing reports based on that information. It’salso a good language for many system management tasks. Thelanguage is intended to be practical (easy to use, effi-cient, complete) rather than beautiful (tiny, elegant,minimal). It combines (in the author’s opinion, anyway)some of the best features of C, sed, awk, and sh, so peoplefamiliar with those languages should have little difficultywith it. (Language historians will also note some vestigesof csh, Pascal, and even BASIC|PLUS.) Expression syntaxcorresponds quite closely to C expression syntax. If youhave a problem that would ordinarily use sed or awk or sh,but it exceeds their capabilities or must run a little fas-ter, and you don’t want to write the silly thing in C, thenperl may be for you. There are also translators to turnyour sed and awk scripts into perl scripts. OK, enoughhype.
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
Perl 2.000, 1988
Recursive subroutine calls.Local variables in blocks, subroutines and evals.The manual is now not lying when it says that perl isgenerally faster than sed. I hope. -- Elaine Ashton [2]Assignments can function as lvalues, so you can say things like($HOST = $host) =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/; ($obj = $src) =~s/\.c$/.o/;
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
Perl 3.000, 1989
Correct binary data handling, functions to pack and unpackbinary structures into arrays or lists.Passing values to subroutines by reference.List chopping.New functions: mkdir and rmdir, getppid, getpgrp andsetpgrp, getpriority and setpriority, chroot, ioctland fcntl, . . .
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
Perl 4.000, 1991
No major changes in the language.Programming Perl released and became the de facto standardfor the language.Perl version number changed to identify the versiondocumented by the book.
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
Perl 5.000, 1994
Complete rewrite of Perl.Objects.Lexical scoping available via my. eval can see the currentlexical variables.Package delimiter changed from ’ to ::.New functions: abs(), chr(), uc(), ucfirst(), lc(),lcfirst(), chomp(), glob().Pattern matching modifiers for single/multiline: m and s.
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
CPAN [4]
Archive of over 18000 Perl software modules anddocumentation, most free and open-source.CPAN means either the archive itself or the automatedsoftware installer.It is said that half of Perl’s power is in the CPAN.Exhaustive standard software repository for the language, mostother languages do not have as exhaustive standard libraries.Includes also joke distributions such as the Acme::don’tmodule that adds a don’t function which doesn’t run codegiven to it.
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
Perl 5.x and onwards [11]
Perl 5.6, 2000 64-bit support, Unicode strings, large files, ourkeyword. Version numbering changed, 5.x isdevelopment version if x is odd, stable if x is even.
Perl 5.8, 2002 Improved Unicode, new I/O implementation, newthread implementation, better numeric accuracy.
Perl 5.10, 2007 20th anniversary of Perl. New switch statement(given / where), regexp updates, smart operator ~~.
Perl 6 No promise of release date. Next major release ofdevelopment, Rakudo Perl, is expected in 2010. Perl6 will differ fundamentally from Perl 5, but the intentis to “keep Perl 6 Perl”.
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
Syntax
Perl SyntaxPerl examples
use strict ;my $a = ’Three \\\ ’s: "\\\\\" ’;my $b = 20\ _000\_000;my $c = 2.5e -3;
$b <=> $c;$a cmp ’Two \\\ ’s: "\\\\" ’;
my $greet = "Hi! ";my $name = "Paul";my $longGreet = $greet x 3;my $hi = $longGreet . $name . ", " . $greet ;my $sentence = "${name}’s dog weighs between more than $c pounds .";
($v3 , $v4) = upcase ($v1 , $v2 ); # this doesn ’t change $v1 and $v2sub upcase {
return unless defined wantarray ; # void context , do nothingmy @parms = @_;for ( @parms ) { tr/a-z/A-Z/ }return wantarray ? @parms : $parms [0];
}
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
Syntax
ArraysArrays may only contain scalar contents.
Array examplesuse strict ;my @a = (" three ", "word", " array ");my @b = qw/ three word array /;my @c = (@a , "and", @b );
$a [1] == "word";$#b == 2; # Index of last entry$#a = 1; # Crops the length of the a array to 2$#c = -1; # Clears the c array@a = (); # Also clears the array
@a = (1 .. 100);@b = (’A’ .. ’Z’);@c = (’01 ’ .. ’31 ’);
@b = @a [0 .. 4]; # 5 first elements of a@c = @a[0, 2, 10]; # Pick some elements
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
Syntax
Hashes
Again, hashes may only contain scalar contents.
Hash examplesuse strict ;my % table ;$table {’schmoe ’} = ’joe ’;$table {7.5} = 2.6;
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
Syntax
Regular ExpressionsRegexp examples
# Pattern matchingif ( $currentLine =~ m/ sought_text /) { ... }
# String selection$string =~ m/ whatever ( sought_text ) whatever2 /;$soughtText = $1;
# String replacement$string =~ s/ originaltext / newtext /;
# Letter -by - letter translation$string =~ tr /[a,e,i,o,u,y]/[A,E,I,O,U,Y]/;
Operators in regular expressions:?PAT? q/STR/ or qq/STR/m/PAT/cgimosx or /PAT/cgimosx qr/STR/imosxs/PAT/REPLACE/egimosx qx/STR/ or ‘STR‘tr/SEARCH/REPLACE/cds qw/STR/ = split(’ ’, q/STR/);y/SEARCH/REPLACE/cds
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
Syntax
Other features [1]
require - require a certain version of Perl, or require that amodule is imported.overload - overload Perl operators.bless - tells that the thingy (sic.) referenced by theargument is now an object.Garbage collection without cycle detection.Compilation can be affected by run-time code executed duringthe compile phase.
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
Syntax
Objects in Perl [1]
Perl classes are simply packages.Objects of the class need to be blessed, for example by aconstructor method.No specific new constructor, just use whatever method nameseems appropriate.Inheritance can be implemented by the @ISA array which tellswhere to look if a method can’t be found from the package.Class methods are normal subroutines. Invocation via syntax$var->method().
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
PHP
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
Introduction
Introduction
Main developers
Rasmus Lerdorf, a Danish-Greenlandic programmer, createdthe first version of PHP (started 1994, released 1995).Currently works at Yahoo!Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans, two Israeli programmers,rewrote parser for PHP/FI 2 in 1997, released as PHP 3 in1998. Both currently work at Zend Technologies in Tel Aviv,Israel.
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
History
PHP [7, 8, 12]
1994 - Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools), personal use. [RL]1995 - PHP / Form Interpreter (PHP/FI). First release. [RL]1997 - PHP/FI 2. [RL]1998 - PHP 3.0, renamed to PHP: HyperText Preprocessor. [ZS&AG]2000 - PHP 4.0. [ZS&AG]2004 - PHP 5.0. [ZS&AG]Future - PHP 6.0. [ZS&AG]
Competitors:ASP released as an add-on to IIS via WinNT 4.0 Option Pack in 1998.JSP 1.0 specification released in 1999 as Java’s answer to PHP and ASP.
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
Personal Home Page Tools
Created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994.Written in C to replace a set of Perl scripts for showing hison-line résumé and for tracking access to the web site.For personal use, not released for public.
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
Personal Home Page / Form Interpreter
Created by Rasmus Lerdorf.First release of PHP in 1995.PHP Tools merged with Form Interpreter, called PHP/FI.Communication with databases.Could be used to create dynamic web pages.
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
Example code
PHP/FI example [6]<!-- getenv HTTP_USER_AGENT --><!-- ifsubstr $exec_result Mozilla -->Hey , you are using Netscape !<p><!--endif -->
<!--sql database select * from table where user=’$username ’-->
<!-- ifless $numentries 1-->Sorry , that record does not exist <p><!-- endif exit -->
You have <!-- $index :0--> credits left in your account .<p>
<!-- include /text/ footer .html -->
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
PHP/FI 2.0
Created by Rasmus Lerdorf [8] and several other people.Re-write of the PHP/FI C implementation.Released in 1997.Several thousand users, installed on 50000 web sites, approx.1 % of Internet domains.
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
Example code
PHP/FI 2.0 example [6]<?
$name = "bob";$db = "db";$result = msql($db ," select * from table where firstname =’ $name ’");$num = msql_numrows ( $result );echo "$num records found !<p>";$i =0;while ($i <$num );
echo msql_result ($result ,$i ," fullname ");echo "<br >";echo msql_result ($result ,$i ," address ");echo "<br >";$i ++;
endwhile ;>
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
PHP 3.0
A complete rewrite by Andi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski.PHP/FI 2.0 was too underpowered for the eCommerceapplication Gutmans and Suraski were building.Released in 1998, called PHP: HyperText Preprocessor (PHP).Strong extensibility features.Object-oriented syntax.First successful release of PHP.Tens of thousands of users, installed on hundreds ofthousands of web sites, approx. 10 % of Internet domains.
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
PHP 4.0
Again, a rewrite by Gutmans and Suraski and a developmentteam of dozens of developers.The core is called the Zend Engine (from Zeev and Andi).Gutmans and Suraski found Zend Technologies.Support for more web servers, HTTP sessions, outputbuffering, secure user input handling, references, booleantype, PCRE library included.Improved speed and reliability.Used by hundreds of thousands of developers, installed onseveral million sites, approx. 20 % of Internet domains.
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
PHP 5.0
Core is Zend Engine 2.0.Released in 2004.New object model, embedded SQLite, exception handling(try . . . catch), integrated SOAP support, better XML tools,iterators. . .
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
PHP 5.0 example [6]<?phpclass db {
protected static $dbh = false ;function connect () {
self :: $dbh = new PDO(’mysql :host= localhost ; dbname =test ’,’user ’,’pass ’);self :: $dbh -> setAttribute (PDO :: ATTR_ERRMODE , PDO :: ERRMODE_EXCEPTION );
}}class items extends db {
function load( $name ) {if (! self :: $dbh) $this -> connect ();try {
if (! self :: $dbh) $this -> connect ();$stmt = self :: $dbh -> prepare (" SELECT * FROM items WHERE firstname =: name
ORDER by ctime desc");$ret = $stmt -> execute ( array (’name ’=> $name ));
} catch ( PDOException $e) { die($e -> getMessage ()); }return $ret;
}}$db = new items ; $result = $db ->load("bob");foreach ($result -> fetch (PDO :: FETCH_ASSOC ) as $row) {
echo <<<EOB{$row[’fullname ’]}<br />EOB;
} ?>
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
History
PHP 6.0
In development since 2006.Feature changes:
Native Unicode supportMagic quotes removedGlobal registering removedSafe mode removedCommand-line scripting
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
References I[1] J. Allen.
Perl programming documentation, 2009.http://perldoc.perl.org/. Referenced on 9.11.2009.
[2] E. Ashton.The timeline of perl and its culture, 2001.http://history.perl.org/PerlTimeline.html. Referenced on 9.11.2009.
[3] DedaSys LLC.Programming language popularity, Nov 2009.http://langpop.com/. Referenced on 18.11.2009.
[4] J. Hietaniemi.Cpan - comprehensive perl archive network, 2009.http://www.cpan.org/. Referenced on 18.11.2009.
[5] B. M. Kuhn.Picking Up Perl.Internet, Jan 2001.http://www.faqs.org/docs/pperl/. Referenced on 9.11.2009.
[6] R. Lerdorf.Performance and security, Mar 2007.http://talks.php.net/show/oscms07/. Referenced on 19.11.2009.
[7] NuSphere Corporation.The history of PHP, 2009.http://www.nusphere.com/php/php_history.htm. Referenced on 18.11.2009.
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
Language Popularity Perl PHP References
References II
[8] PHP Documentation Group.PHP manual, 2009.http://www.php.net/manual/. Referenced on 18.11.2009.
[9] D. Stotts.The Perl scripting language, Dec 2002.http://rockfish-cs.cs.unc.edu/COMP144/IEPerl.pdf. Referenced on 18.11.2009.
[10] Tiobe Software.TIOBE programming community index for November 2009, Nov 2009.http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/index.html. Referenced on 18.11.2009.
[11] Wikipedia.Perl, 2009.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl. Referenced on 9.11.2009.
[12] Wikipedia.PHP, 2009.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP. Referenced on 9.11.2009.
[13] Wikipedia.Schwartzian transform, 2009.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzian_transform. Referenced on 18.11.2009.
Tuukka HaapasaloScripting languages: Perl and PHP
