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Dr.S.Sridharan Professor in Life Science & Director – Higher Education
Thanthai Hans Roever College Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India.
Coriolus versicolor is a mushroom used in traditional Asian herbal remedies .
Substances extracted from this fungus include enzymes like peroxidase, laccase, polysaccharide K (PSK) and polysaccharide-peptide (PSP), are being studied as possible biotransformation compounds.
Ganoderma lucidum is called as “conks” – Basidiomycetes fungus containing lignin and cellulose degrading enzymes
The sporocarp of this fungus has a fruiting body which is about 10 cm broad
It is tomentose and multicolored underside pale yellow or white
Vertically oriented with 4-6 pores per mm
Rapid Industrialization – Developing Countries
Many Industries – Sugar, Dye, Textile, Paper, Milk and other manufacturing industries
Effluent
Waste disposal and effluent treatment
Textile industrial effluent Removal of colored pollutants (dye) Activated Sludge treatment Ion Exchange Oxidation Pond methods Electrolysis Floatation
All the above methods and other conventional biological methods are used
Biological treatment methods more suitable than chemical methods because of low cost, less time, less hardship and easy to work with.
In India industrial effluents are left into near by fresh water bodies like lake, pond, river etc.
Erratic monsoon - less rainfall coupled with discharge of untreated waste water resulted in water problems
Two problems are to be solved in one stroke
Effluent containing pollutants and water scarcity
Treated effluent water after the removal of unwanted chemicals can be used for irrigation purpose
Cells of Coriolus versicolor and Ganoderma lucidum were immobilized in beads of calcium alginate gel – arresting the free movement of enzymes is called immobilization
Immobilized enzymes have more stability and the turn over of substrates into products is higher
Reaction potential is low
Pure products are produced
The 2 fungi produce many bioactive compounds including enzymes
Enzymes like peroxidases and laccases degrade phenolic substances – removing bad odour, colour and some toxic materials.
Days Peroxiodase
(IU/g)
Polyphenol
oxidase
(IU/g)
Laccasse
(IU/g)
Cellulase
(IUg)
Xynalse
(IUg)
Pectinase
(IU/g)
Phytase
(IU/g)
1st day 45 64 38 60 63 40 52
10th day 315 868 422 260 1312 314 150
20th day 286 659 368 262 1234 292 143
30th day 152 432 244 267 1192 284 130
Days Peroxiodase
(IU/g)
Polyphenol
oxidase (IU/g)
Laccasse
(IU/g)
Cellulase
(IUg)
Xynalse
(IUg)
Pectinase
(IU/g)
Phytase
(IU/g)
1st day 55 17 60 42 52 44 29
10th
day
415 958 625 272 1455 330 154
20th
day
352 712 763 275 1335 310 144
30th
day
212 432 452 277 1234 298 137
Parameter Uninoculated unsterilized
dye effluent (control)
Inoculated unstrerilized
dye effluent after 7 days
Inoculated unsterilized
dye effluent after 14
days
Inoculated unsterilized dye
effluent after 21 days
pH 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.1
TDS 5400 5100 4508 3200
TSS 3450 2998 2597 2200
BOD 2500 1985 1625 1028
COD 4600 3200 2028 1540
DO 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.7
Ca 180 162 98 73
Mg 65 60 56 52
Cl 1042 986 732 536
So4 140 117 96 80
Zn 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.4
Phenol 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.03
Cr 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
Parameter Uninoculated unsterilized dye
effluent (control)
Inoculated unstrerilized
dye effluent after 7 days
Inoculated unsterilized dye
effluent after 14 days
Inoculated unsterilized
dye effluent after 21 days
pH 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.5
TDS 5400 4917 4218 3107
TSS 3450 2858 2638 2100
BOD 2500 2008 1645 925
COD 4600 3500 2007 1018
DO 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5
Ca 18 160 100 60
Mg 65 60 58 52
Cl 1042 975 762 680
So4 140 120 90 60
Zn 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.3
Phenol 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04
Cr 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
Parameter Uninoculated unsterilized dye
effluent (control)
Inoculated unstrerilized dye
effluent after 7 days
Inoculated
unsterilized dye
effluent after 14 days
Inoculated unsterilized dye
effluent after 21 days
pH 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.1
TDS 5400 5178 4576 3500
TSS 3450 2918 2465 2315
BOD 2500 1852 1012 840
COD 4600 3654 2415 1580
DO 4600 3654 2415 1580
Ca 180 145 104 72
Mg 64 53 42 37
Cl 1042 942 815 516
So4 140 108 97 70
Zn 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4
Phenol 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.04
Cr 0.5 0.4 4.5 4.5
Parameter Uninoculated unsterilized dye
effluent (control)
Inoculated unsterilized dye
effluent after 7 days
Inoculated unsterilized dye
effluent after 14 days
Inoculated unsterilized
dye effluent after 21 days
pH 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.7
TDS 5400 4794 4385 3100
TSS 3450 2854 2472 2112
BOD 2500 1884 1141 815
COD 4500 3782 2715 2008
DO 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7
Ca 180 165 108 64
Mg 65 59 57 52
Cl 1042 985 754 685
So4 140 124 94 65
Zn 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.4
Phenol 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04
Cr 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
Treatment of Industrial waste by microbes and other organisms is called Biological waste Treatment
Organic and Inorganic waste are converted into some useful products like biomass, ethanol, methane and hydrogen
The 2 fungi decolorize dye industrial effluent by their enzymatic action
The result of this research project, enhanced our understanding of this enzymatic approach in removing colored phenolic compounds from dye industry effluent by the enzymes produced by these two fungi.
