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Screen 1 of 21
Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Identify the institutions which have a stake in the process of food security policy formulation and implementation.
Define the role and functions of the relevant stakeholders in food security policy formulation and implementation.
• Indicate possible arrangements for a functional institutional set-up to ensure effective coordination of food security information and actions.
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Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
INTRODUCTION
The formulation and implementation of FSPs
depend on an active involvement of
various government institutions as well
as other key stakeholders…
Food security is an overarching and cross-cutting issue
Screen 3 of 21
Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
Government institutions involved in Food Security Policy formulation and implementation:
Ministry of Planning/ National Planning Commission
Ministry of Agriculture
Other Ministries Local Government Institutions
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Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
• Integrating FSP issues into other national development policies and strategies.
• Preparing a specific Food Security Policy document.
Food Security Policies
Food Security Policy
Ministry of Planning / National Planning Commission
ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
FSP forms integral part of a National Policy & Planning Framework (NPPF). There are two principal ways to achieve such integration:
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Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
It plays a key role in the process.
• Contributing to sufficient and stable food supplies; and
• Improving access to food.
ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
Ministry of Agriculture
It is directly concerned with various core aspects of FS:
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Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
Example: Institutional Set-Up for Coordinating FSP in Lesotho The Ministry of Agriculture and Food
Security (MAFS) assumes an overall coordinating role in food security matters.
Within its conventional mandate, MAFS is responsible for all fields of agricultural development contributing to access, availability and stability.
In many countries, the Ministry of Agriculture is mandated to coordinate and promote food security
in general
ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
There are pros and cons to the approach of entrusting the Ministry of Agriculture with overall coordination of
FSPs.
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Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
Other Ministries
Ministry Food Security Policy issues
Ministry of Economic Development
Poverty alleviation.
Ministry of Education School feeding; school gardens; inclusion of food security aspects (nutrition, home gardening etc.) in school and adult education curricula.
Ministry of Environment
Natural resource conservation and rehabilitation for promoting sustainable development and long-term food security.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs/ International Cooperation
Negotiations and agreements with development partners (UN organizations, donors, NGOs) on support to food security policies and programmes.
Ministry of Finance Budget allocations and approval for food security policy interventions.
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Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
Other Ministries
Ministry Food Security Policy issues
Ministry of Health Nutrition /child nutrition, e.g. Mother and Child Health Care and Nutrition; (supplementary) child feeding programmes; also: nutrition education, sanitation.
Ministry of Labour/ Works
Employment generation- / public works- / cash-for-work, food-for-work-programmes.
Ministry of Marketing & Trade
Food price and marketing regulations; food export / import regulations; marketing organizations and infrastructure; cooperatives; subsidies.
Ministry of Social Affairs/ Women/ Youth
Social safety nets; social protection of vulnerable groups; special programmes for (particular groups of) women and youth with relevance for food security.
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Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
Often a special agency is mandated with this function.
Disaster preparedness and management is another important field of food security policies.
UN structures may assume government role also with respect to food security policies.
ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
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Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
Provincial, district and community administrations:
• generate data and information on the FS situation,
• identify and articulate acute food security problems;
• are responsible for the implementation of food security policy measures.
ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
Local Government Institutions
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Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL STAKEHOLDERS
Non-governmental stakeholders involved in Food Security Policy formulation and implementation:
Local and International NGOs
UN and donor agencies
Civil society Organizations (CSOs)
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Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
Local and International NGOs
Local and international NGOs operate a wide spectrum of FS
related programmes in a country.
ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL STAKEHOLDERS
• advocacy and awareness creation of FS issues;
• mobilization and provision of material resources;
• technical assistance;
• training and capacity building;
• community mobilization.
They make substantial contributions in these fields:
Screen 13 of 21
Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL STAKEHOLDERS
• Advocacy. • Provision of expertise.• Sensitization on relevant FS issues.• Proposals for projects and programmes.• Mobilization and organization of their members for action.• Monitoring of the implementation and impacts of FS interventions.
CSOs need to be actively involved particularly in issues such as:
Civil society Organizations (CSOs)
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Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
UN and donor agencies
Contributions by UN agencies and bilateral donors, concern in particular:
ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL STAKEHOLDERS
• policy analysis and advice;
•provision of financial and material resources for FS related programmes;
• technical assistance;
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Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP AND COORDINATION MECHANISM
Principles that should guide the establishment of an institutional set-up for the implementation of FSPs:
• Effective coordination and cooperation
• Efficient flow and exchange of FS information
• Responsiveness
Screen 16 of 21
Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP AND COORDINATION MECHANISM
There are some institutional arrangements that can help to put the principles for the establishment of an institutional set-up into practice:
Establishment of FS Focal Points at all relevant institutions
Formation of FS Committees at
central and decentralized levels
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Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP AND COORDINATION MECHANISM
Establishment of FS Focal Points at all relevant institutions
Governmental institutions and NGOs designate a senior staff member as Food Security Focal Point.
The FSFP serves as internal and external link for coordination and communication in matters of FS and will represent the institution in Food Security Committees.
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Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP AND COORDINATION MECHANISM
There are 3 types of Committees:
One problem with FSCs is that they are often poorly resourced
Formation of FS Committees at central and decentralized levels
• Steering Committee
• Technical Committee
• Committees at decentralised levels
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Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
WHO SHOULD LEAD THE FSP PROCESS
A high level Steering Committee, possibly chaired by the Prime Minister’s Office, would fulfill such role.
A super-ministerial institutional body with the authority to coordinate all institutions involved
Often, however, it’is the Ministry of Agriculture that initiates the process of formulating and implementing FSPs.
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Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
WHO SHOULD LEAD THE FSP PROCESS
Chair
Decentralized departments
&Local Government
Institutions
Food Security Policy Steering
Committee
Food Security Technical Committee
Food Security Committees at
decentralised levels
Office of thePRIME MINISTER
Representatives of other organizations
relevant for food security policies
(NGOs, CSOs, UN & donor agencies)
Other organizations concerned with food
security issues at local levels
Other organizations concerned with
food security issues at national level
(NGOs, CSOs, UN & donor agencies)
High ranking officials
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE &other MINISTRIES
Food Security Focal Points
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Food Security Policies – Formulation and ImplementationInstitutional Framework Food Security Policy
SUMMARY
The institutions that have a stake in the process of food security policy formulation and implementation are:
• Ministry of Planning/National Planning Commission;• Ministry of Agriculture;• Other ministries and government institutions (different from country to country); and• Local Government Institutions.
The Non-Governmental stakeholders that should be involved in the FSP process are:
• Local and International NGOs;• Civil society Organizations (CSOs); and• UN and donor agencies.
The involvement of a wide range of state and non-state actors in the implementation of FSPs requires a functional institutional set-up with well functioning coordination structures, ensuring an efficient flow and exchange of food security information and coordinated effective actions.