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Scotland and Scots Texts Tim Pfeiffer, Till Meister

Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

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Page 1: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Scotland and Scots Texts

Tim Pfeiffer, Till Meister

Page 2: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Table of Contents

• Scottish History

• Robert Burns “Tae the Haggis”

• Translation Exercise Scots to English

Page 3: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Roman Britain and the Scots

• Caesar invaded Britain about 55 BCE

• Attempts to occupy Scotland permanently failed

• Hadrian (about 122) ordered a wall to be built to protect the northern border when Roman troops were withdrawn to the continent

Page 4: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Hadrian’s Wall

• Between the River Tyne (Newcastle) and the Solway Firth (Carlisle)

• About 120 km long

• Built of solid stone

Page 5: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Hadrian’s Wall

Page 6: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Hadrian’s Wall

Page 7: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Hadrian’s Wall

Page 8: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Antonine Wall

• Construction under Antonius Pius from 142

• Between the River Clyde (Old Kilpatrick, northwest of Glasgow) and the Firth of Forth (Bo’ness, northwest of Edinburgh)

• About 60 km long

• Built primarily of turf

• Abandoned in the 160’s

Page 9: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

What the Historia Ecclesiastica reports

• Northern Britain is continuously raided by the Picts and Scots

• The Britons apply to Rome for help

• Roman legions fight back the Picts and Scots and build the Antonine Wall

• When the Romans leave, the northern barbarians attack again

Page 10: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

What the Historia Ecclesiastica reports

• New appeals to Rome

• The Romans return to repel the Picts and Scots, erect Hadrian’s Wall and tell the Britons that they must learn to defend themselves

• Of course, they fail…

Page 11: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

What the Historia Ecclesiastica reports

• In 431 the first bishop is sent to the Christian Scots• That didn’t mean peace between the barbarians and 

Britons• In 446 the Britons complain to Rome that 

“The barbarians drive us to the sea; the sea drives us back to the barbarians: between them we are exposed to two sorts of death; we are either slaughtered or drowned.”

• The Romans couldn’t help as the empire (that would collapse only 30 years later) was endangered by the Huns.

Page 12: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

The Anglo‐Saxon Chronicle reports

• In 1138 David I of Scotland was defeated by William Earl of Abemarle although the British troops were in the minority

Page 13: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

William Wallace “Braveheart”

• Edward I “Longshanks” of England captured the Scottish crown

• Wallace (1272‐1305) became the leader of a revolt

• Defeat of the English at Stirling 1297

• Braveheart captured, tried for treason, and executed

Page 14: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Robert I “The Bruce”

• Defeated the English in 1314 in the Battle of Bannockburn (near Stirling)

• Secured Scottish independence fixed in the Declaration of Abroath from 1320

Page 15: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Early Modern Period: James I

• Elizabeth I died without an heir

• James I (1566‐1625) son of Mary Queen of Scots became the English king in 1603 (his great‐grandmother was the older sister of Henry VIII)

• The House of Stuart succeeds the House of Tudor

• Scotland and England were now ruled by the same monarch

Page 16: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

King James Bible

• Although his parents were Roman Catholic, James was raised a Protestant

• The King James Bible is distinctively written for the purposes of the Anglican church

Page 17: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Act of Union

• In 1707 Scotland and England were united and became Great Britain

• England wanted security against a Scottish coalition with France and a Catholic uprising

• Scotland needed access to the English market

Page 18: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Robert Burns

• * 25th January 1759, in Alloway, Ayrshire

• † 21st July 1796 

Page 19: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Robert Burns

• Scottish poet and writer

• Wrote in Scots

• well known for “Auld Lang Syne”

Page 20: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Tae the HaggisWhat is a Haggis?

• “Take the liver, lungs & heart of a sheep and boil them. Mince the meats and mix with chopped onions, toasted oatmeal, salt, pepper, and spices. Take one properly cleaned sheep's stomach. Stuff the cleaned stomach with the prepared contents. Sew up the stomach (leaving enough room for expansion to avoid a large messy explosion) and boil. Serve and eat. Lovely!”

Page 21: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Tae the HaggisWhat is a Haggis?

• Served with “Neeps and Tatties”

• turnips and potatoes

Page 22: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Tae the HaggisText (interpreted by Harry MacFayden)

• fa‘ – is

• sonsie – happy

• o‘ – of

• puddin‐race – pudding race; “all sorts of puddings”

• aboon – above

• a‘ – all

• ye – you

• tak – take

Address_tae_the_haggis.flv

Page 23: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Tae the HaggisText (interpreted by Harry MacFayden)

• painch – stomach (cf. StE paunch)

• thairm – guts (cf. German Darm)

• weel – well

• wordy – worthy

• as lang‘s my arm – as long as my arm

Page 24: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

William Loughton Lorimer(1885‐1967)

• Went to school in Dundee

• Scottish scholar of Ancient Greek

• Translated the Bible into Scots

• Also contributed to the Scottish National Dictionary

Page 25: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Translation (Text 22)

• Lorimer haed aye been interestit in the Scots leid (syne he wis a bairn o nine year auld he haed written doun Scots wirds an eedioms)

• Lorimer had always been interested in the Scots language (since he was a nine year old boy he had written down Scots words and idioms)

Page 26: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Translation (Text 22)

• an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leidsthat he got frae his readins o the neutral press durin the Weir led him tae feel that something needit daein tae rescue the Scots leid.

• and his knowing of the struggles of minority languages that he got from his readings of the neutral press during the War led him to feel that something needed to be done to rescue the Scots language.

Page 27: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Translation (Text 22)

• He becam convinced, that gin Scots wis tae be ruised up frae the laich status that it haedfawen tae, it needit twa main things first:

• He became convinced that when genuine Scots was to be raised up from the low status that it had fallen to, it needed two main things first:

Page 28: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Translation (Text 22)

• I) a guid modren dictionar an II) a guidmodren translate o The New Testament that maist weel‐read fowk an mony ithers wad be fameeliar wi.

• I) a good modern dictionary and II) a good modern translation of The New Testament that most well‐read folk and many others would be familiar with.

Page 29: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Conclusions

• Scots is not to be confused with Gaelic, whichis a Celtic language in the Highlands.

• Scots is more than an English dialect, it is oneof the few national identities Scotland has.

Page 30: Scotland and Scots Texts - uni-bielefeld.de and Scotland (Meister-Pfeiffer).pdf · Translation (Text 22) • an his kennin o the strauchles o minority leids that he got frae his readins

Bibliography

• Encyclopædia Britannica Online <http://www.britannica.com/>.

• Lexikon des Mittelalters. München, Stuttgart: Artemis, Metzler.

• Morgan, K.O. (ed.) (42001): The Oxford History of Britain. Oxford: OUP.

• http://www.worldburnsclub.com

• http://www.burnspoetry.com/

• Aw Ae Wey ‐Written Scots in Scotland and Ulster: http://www.scots‐online.org/airticles/AwAeWey.pdf

• Dictionary of the Scots language: http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/