Scope of Presentation - iipm.com.my 2C Saifollah et al... · approximately 1 –100 nanometer range, (1 nm is 80,000th ... (UiTM) for various support of this work and MOSTI for ScienceFund

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Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008

Nanotechnology in Agriculture

Saifollah Abdullah, Mohamad Rusop and Siti Halimah Sarijo

Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARAsaifollah@salam,uitm.edu.my


Scope of PresentationIntroductionNanotechnology concept in AgricultureNanotechnology in AgrofoodResearch resultsArticlesConclusion

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IntroductionDefinition

Nanotechnology is the Science and Technology of small things – in particular things that are less than 100 nm in sizeFor comparison, nanometer is about 80,000 times smaller than a human hairResearch and Technology development at the atomic, molecular or macromolecular levels, in the length scale of approximately 1 – 100 nanometer range, (1 nm is 80,000th thickness of human hair)

Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008 4

Aspirasi global…sebuah universiti bertaraf dunia menjelang 2020

Scale of Nanometer

M.R.Taylor, 2006

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ApplicationsNanotechnology has the potential with wide‐ranging applications, such as in MedicinePharmaceutical ElectronicsHome AppliancesEnergy SourceAgriculture, Food and others


Market Demand The figure shows market demand of nanotechnology

D. Partners, 2007

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Market Demand on Nanotechnologyby year 2015

Prediction of nanotechnology demand according to D.Partners (2007)Nanoelectronics : US$ 4.219 BillionNanofood, Agriculture and Related product : US$ 20.40 BillionTextiles: US$ 115 Billion.Nanotech tools & Equipments : US$ 2.7 BillionMedical and Pharmaceutical : RM 27.6 BillionOthers

Total demand on Nanotechnology Products: US1.2 Trillion


Nanotechnology Concept in Agriculture

Fertilized with Current Technology Fertilized with

Nanotechnology

ManagementFinancialMarketYield

FertilizerPesticide

SoilWater

Management ?Financial ?Market ?

Higher YieldSlow Release FertilizerHigh Efficient Pesticide

SoilWater

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Nanotechnology, as a new enabling technology, has the potential to revolutionize agriculture and food systems.

Agricultural and food systems securityDisease treatment delivery systemsNew tools for molecular and cellular biology Production, processing, and shipment of food products can be made more secure through the development and implementation of nanosensors for pathogen and contaminant detection.Agriculture has long dealt with improving the efficiency of crop, plant, fruits production.Chocolate milkshake that supposedly tastes better and is more nutritious than conventional shakes and chickenfeed additives that can remove dangerous germs from poultry.

Kuzma and VerHage : Nanotechnology in Agriculture & Food Production

Why Agrifood Nanotechnology?


Nanotechnology in AgricultureBasic Research on Energy Production : Nanodetection: Single

molecule detection to determine enzyme/substrate interactions (e.g. cellulases in production of ethanol)

Agrochemical Delivery : Nanoparticles, nano-capsules: Delivery of fertilizer, pesticides, and other agrichemicals more efficiently (e.g. only when needed or for better absorption)

Plant Production : Nanoparticles : Delivery of DNA to plants towards certain tissues (i.e. targeted genetic engineering)

Animal or Plant Health : Nanosensors : Detect animal pathogens, such as foot and mouth disease virus. Detect plant pathogens early.

Animal Medicine : Nanoparticles, nanodevices : Deliver animal vaccines.

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Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008UiTM Trengganu/March

2008Saifollah/FSG/Shah Alam/ 2008

• Slow-release fertilizers are excellent alternatives to soluble fertilizers.

• nutrients are released at a slower rate throughout the season, plants are able to take up most of the nutrients without wasteby leaching.

• A slow-release fertilizer is more convenient, since less frequent application is required.

• Slow-release fertilizers may be more expensive than soluble types, but their benefits outweigh their disadvantages.

Slow Release Fertilizer (Nano-encapsulation)



Zeolites are a group of naturally occurring minerals having a honeycomb-like layered crystal structure. Its network of interconnected tunnels and cages can be loaded with nitrogen and potassium, combined with other slowly dissolving ingredients containing phosphorous, calcium, and a complete suite of minor and trace nutrients. The zeolite acts as a reservoir for the nutrients which are slowly released "on demand." Indeed, the plant itself does the regulating of the nutrients as it needs them. With only the addition of water, plants will grow in the zeoponic medium for multiple growth cycles.

Slow Release Fertilizer (Nano-encapsulation)…Cont.

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Pre‐Harvest Bacteria Protection

Adhesin-specific Nanoparticles for removal of Camplyobacter from poultry (Latour et al. Clemson University)

Nanoparticlesbind and blockthis interaction


Agrofood Products (down stream)Food product based companies and institutes worldwide are currently developing applications of nano‐food to achieve changed taste or texture and also modified nutritional value. Nano‐ingredient such as nano‐calcium in milk will absorbed more deeper, faster and effective by bone pores which will improve bone texture .The principle of nano‐calsium similar to the cosmetics mechanism which is calsium in nanosize will easily panetrate to the bone pores.

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(cont…)Other food products used

nanotechnology is more efficient in term of absorption to the appropriate target

The chocolate or any taste of ingredient become more tasty because of all the active component will easily release from the molecules

In herb product such as Tongkat Ali, Kacip Fatimah, Misai Kuching, Ginseng, Spirulina, for the supplimentary food, the efficacy will increase while in nano-size ( nano-powder) due to easy to release the active ingredient compared to the normal size.


Research Results1. Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes from palm oil/oil palm waste

2. Pollution (fertilizer/pesticide) detector3. Nano‐encapsulation pesticide

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Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008 17Saifollah/FSG/Shah Alam/ 2008

Nanostructured Porous Silicon: Template for Align Carbon Nanotubes

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Saifollah Abdullah*,#, Assoc. Prof. Dr Mohamad Rusop Mahmood #,@, Hartinie Ahmad Rafaie, Suhaidah Amizam and Heriadi

* Institute of Science# Faculty of Applied Sciences

@ Faculty of Electrical EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MARA , 40450 Shah Alam,Selangor, MALAYSIA

*email: [email protected] Silicon (NPSi) is one of the most potential nanostructured materials after Canham, 1990 observed visible luminescence under ultraviolet light excitation. NPSi is wide used in many applications such as nano-optoelectronic devices, bio-sensors, chemical-sensor, optical sensor. In this work NPSi used as nano -template to prepare aligns Carbon Nanotubes ( a-CNTs).

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) is versatile nano-materials which can be produced either in powder form, random or align structure. The align CNTs is most expensive structure compared to the others form. The align CNTs is suitable for electronics, sensors, nano-probe and other high accuracy devices application.

Sample PreparationNanostructured Porous Silicon was prepared using electrochemical technique with silicon wafer as a substrate and ethanoic acid electrolyte which consists of HF:Ethanol. The NPSi prepared under photon assisted with 20 mAcm-1 current density. Fig 2 shows a photograph of experimental set-up for NPSi preparation. NPSi was used to produce Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) using Two-Zone Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition (2Z-Thermal-CVD) as shown in Fig. 3. The optimum preparation parameter of NPSi and CNTs was used to produce aligns Carbon Nanotubes (a-CNTs).

Potential for CommercializationAcknowledgementI would like to express my gratitude to Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) for various support of this work and MOSTI for ScienceFund research grant

Center for

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Universiti Teknologi MARA

Novelty of Align CNTs

Aligns CNTs very high potential to be commercialized so that Nanostrucured Porous Silicon will become very important nanomaterials as template.

Fig. 2 Photograph of experimental set-up to produce NPSi

Purpose of Research: Introducing Nanostructured Porous Silicon as alternative Nano- template to produce Align Carbon Nanotubes.

Random Structure of CNTs

Fig. 3 Photograph of experimental set-up to produce aligns

CNTs

• Low cost to produce NPSi as nano- template compared to commercial nano-pattern template such as which produce by Focus Ion Beam (FIB)

• Versatile and easy to prepare compare to other methods which involve the patterning process.

Thermal-CVD Method

Thermal-CVD Method

Applications of align CNTs : Light Emitting Diode, Active waveguide, nano-probe, Sensors and optoelectronic devices.

Align CNTs

Nano-pattern template


CNTs Prepared from Palm Oil

• Most versatile nanomaterials

• Potential for nano-carrier

Thermal-CVD Set-up

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CNTs TEM Micrograph


Nano‐SensorAnother development being looked at is a network of nanosensors and dispensersthroughout a food crop.

The sensors recognize when a plant needs nutrients or water, before you could see any sign that the plant is deficient.

The dispensers then release fertilizer, nutrients, or water as needed, optimizing the growth of each plant in the field one by one.

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Pollution Detector

Pesticide Solution/Samples

On Nanomaterials

Optical or Electrical Analyzer

Optical Detection MechanismNanostructured Materials

NPSiOM Sensor


Pesticide Nano‐EncapsulationResearchers are working on pesticides encapsulated in nanoparticles; these only release pesticide in an insect’s stomach, which minimizes the contamination of plants themselves.

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Intercalation of Guest Anion (4-CPA) into LDH to form Zn/Al-4-CPA Nanocomposite

LDHZn/Al-4-CPA

nanocompositeWill be out from

OH- H2OM2+/M3+

(Zn2+/Al3+)Host anion (NO3

-)

guest anion(4-CPA)

NO3- is replaced by

4-CPA

8.9Å19.5Å

guest anion (4CPA)

(Zn/Al-LDH)

Nano-Encapsulation Pesticide


• The intercalation of the chlorophenoxyacetate (herbicide) is due to the higher affinity of the chlorophenoxyacetate ion to the LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase Cytotoxicity) double layer. In this case the chlorophenoxyacetate has higher affinity towards LDH compared to the counter anion (nitrate).

• Due to the intercalation of the bigger size of the herbicide anion, basal spacing expand from 8.9 Å to 19.5 Å in the nanocomposite.

• The new generation of the herbicide will have- Safer application of herbicide as the herbicide is embedded into the LDH &- Controlled release of the herbicide into the environment.

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CONTROL RELEASE PROFILE of 4CPA

Release of the herbicide is due to the anion exchange process between the anion present in the release media and the herbicide.

The release of the herbicide is also dependent on the kind of anion and the pH of the aqueous release media.

In this case: pH3>pH12>pH6.25


Quantum Dots Nano‐particles

Photograph of a) commercial silicon powder b) SQDNs prepared in our laboratory

550 600 650 700 7504000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Inte

nsity

(a.u

)

Wavelength (nm)

PL spectrum of SQDNs under UV Excitation (380 nm)

SEM Micrograph

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Articles


Articles (6)

Saifollah/IoS/2007/Phy633

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ARTICLES



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Saifollah, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM, Nov,19,2008 Saifollah Abdullah/FSG/ 2008


Conclusion

Nanotechnology concept already accepted by community

Nanotechnology product already in market and the demand increase very fast

Many issues already highlighted such as safety, side effect, environment , regulatory even policy

Scientist and Technologist believe the nanotechnology product will pick-up very fast and will be sustain for long time.

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Thank You For Your Attention

Documents

Scope of Presentation - iipm.com.my 2C Saifollah et al... · approximately 1 –100 nanometer range, (1 nm is 80,000th ... (UiTM) for various support of this work and MOSTI for ScienceFund