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STANDARDS: FACILITATORS INGLOBAL FOOD TRADE

Sh. S. C. KhoslaScientist F & Head

Food and Agriculture

Bureau of Indian Standards

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HISTORY OF WTO-SPS-TBT

1944 - Bretten Wood conference established Worldbank, International Monetary Fund and International

Trade Organization. 1947 - General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs was

established.

19471993Contracting parties of GATT held 8

rounds of trade negotiations-reduction of tariffbarriers

1986-1993 Uruguay round held resulted inconversion of GATT to WTO.

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HISTORY OF WTO-SPS-TBT

1991 Dunkel Draft issued by DG of GATT included

issues on SPS. 1994 Marrakesh round on Agreement on

Agriculture (AoA).

1995 Establishment of WTO.

2 specific WTO agreements SPS and TBT- foodsafety and animal and plant health and safety .

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WTO Main Aims

Global rules of trade between nations

Trade flows as smoothly, predictably andfreely as possible.

GATT is now the principle rule book for tradein goods

non-discriminatory trading system

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Agreement on SPS

Concerns with measures applied to protect human,animal and plant health.

allows countries to set their own standards regulations must be based on science.

should not arbitrarily or unjustifiably discriminatebetween countries

encouraged to use international standards,guidelines and recommendations

Allow use of different standards/methods of Insp`n

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Agreement on SPS

To protect animal or plant life or health from risksarising from pest, disease, disease-carrying

organisms or disease-causing organisms.

To protect human or animal life or health from risksarising from additives, pesticide residues,contaminants, toxins or disease causing organisms.

To protect human life or health from risks arisingfrom diseases carried by animals, plants or pests.

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GENERAL PRINCIPLES

HARMONIZATION encourages the adoption ofmeasures that conform to international standards,

guidelines, and / or recommendations ofinternational agencies.

EQUIVALENCE mutual recognition of different butequivalent measures to achieve internationalstandards.

NON-DISCRIMINATION treating imports nodifferently than domestic produce.

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GENERAL PRINCIPLES

TRANSPARENCY notifying trading partners ofchanges in their SPS measures, especially when the

measures differ from international standards.

REGIONALIZATION allows continued exports fromdisease-free areas of affected countries.

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Agreement on TBT

TBT refers to technical regulations and conformityassessment procedures and applies to all

commodities and not just food.

Tries to ensure that regulations, standards, testingand certification procedures do not createunnecessary obstacles.

Discourages any methods that would givedomestically produced goods an unfair advantage.

BIS National Enquiry Point in India

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ROLE OF STANDARDS

WTO member countries are encouraged to useinternational standards, guidelines and

recommendations where they exist. Recognizes the following three international

standard setting agencies Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) Food

Safety

International Office of Epizootics (OIE) AnimalHealth International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)

Plant Health

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1. Standards Why - Standards ?

What - Standards ?

How - Standards ?

Who sets the Standards ?

Let us see

what willhappen to

the world

sans

Standards.

STANDARDS

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A world without standards would soon grind to ahalt .!!!!

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What are Standards ?

A standard is a document established by

consensus, approved by recognized body,who issues rules, guidelines etc for achievingoptimum order

Standards are authoritative statements of

criteria necessary to ensure that the material,product or procedure is fit for its intendedpurpose.

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StandardsIdiosyncrasy !

Standards are :

Dynamic in Nature.

Drawn through Consensus among all Stakeholders.

Standards can be de facto, which means they arefollowed for convenience, or de jure, which means theyare used because of (more or less) their being legally

binding contracts and documents.

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What is Standardization

Standardization is an activity giving solutions

for repetitive application to problems inspheres of science, technology, economicsaiming at achieving optimum order.Generally activity consists of the process of

formulating , issuing and implementingstandards.

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Advantages of Standardization

Increased mechanization

Longer runs of Production Easier training of operatives

Simpler Inspection techniques

Uniform conformity assessment procedures Improved Service

Lesser trade disputes

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PRODUCT

TEST METHODS

CODE OF PRACTICE

DIMENSIONS

TERMINOLOGY

Standards are for :-

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Through Technical Committees Sectional Committees Comprising all Stakeholders :-

Industries.

Government Bodies. Research Organizations.

End Users Consumer

Organizations Experts

How Standardsare Formulated !!!

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CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION

Codex was created in 1963 by FAO and WHO to

develop food standards, guidelines and related textssuch as codes of practice under the Joint FAO/WHOFood Standards Program.

The main purposes of this program are protecting

the health of consumers, ensuring fair tradepractices in food trade and promoting coordination ofall food standards work undertaken by internationalgovernmental and non-governmental organizations.

WHO SETS THE STANDARDS?

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CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION

CODEX established standards for food additives,

food hygiene, veterinary drugs, pesticide residues,contaminants, methods of analysis, sampling etc.

CODEX standards are considered scientificallyjustified and are accepted as bench marks against

which national measures are evaluated. Food standards contain provisions for protecting

consumers health and ensuring fair practices in foodtrade.


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OIE-World Organization for Animal

Health

Created to fight animal diseases at global level -formed in 1924

Inter governmental organization

Reference organization of WTO

2003 name changed from office internationalepizooties to World Org for Animal Health

Department of Animal Husbandry, GOI representsIndia in the treaty

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INTERNATIONAL OFFICE OF EPIZOOTICS

To guarantee the transparency of animal disease

status world wide. To collect, analyze and disseminate veterinary

scientific information. To provide expertise and promote international

consensus for the control of animal diseases.

OIE has four committees to develop standards viz.,International Animal Healthcare Commission, TheStandards Commission, The Foot and MouthDisease (FMD) and other Epizootics and FishDiseases Commission.


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IPPC

International treaty to prevent the spread and

entry of pests of plants and plant products To promote appropriate measures for their

control

Governed by Commission on Phytosanitary

measures (CPM)

PPA to GOI represents India in the treaty

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NEED FOR NATIONAL STANDARDS

Chilli products and grapes were rejected by

European countries, simply not due to that theresidues are above set limits, but because of lack oflimits for the pesticides on these products as per thePFA act.

European Union banned import of fish fromcompanies in Gujarat which did not adopt HACCPSystem.

Multinational companies like Nestl (India) areplanning to implement HACCP for coffee growingand processing.

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NEED FOR NATIONAL STANDARDS

Lead, an important contaminant found in India is

selectively chosen for stricter regulationsinternationally, whereas contaminants like cadmiumthat are more common in western countries isconveniently ignored.

For fishery products, though we have SPS standards

for exports, we have no SPS standards for domesticfish processing industries as a result of which we arenot able to demand conformity to any SPS standardsin the imported fishery products entering our country.

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Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS),erstwhile ISI, works under the aegis

of Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Foodand Public Distribution, Govt. of India.

It is governed by Bureau of Indian

Standards Act, 1986 and Rules andRegulations framed there under.

BIS has been entrusted the job offormulation of National Standards

under an Act of Parliament.

Who Sets the National Standards?

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Objectives

Harmonious development of activities ofstandardization, marking and qualitycertification

To provide new thrust to standardization andquality control

To evolve a national strategy for accordingrecognition to standards and integrating themwith growth and development of industrialproduction and exports

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Vision

The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), the NationalStandards Body of India, in its corporate quality policy,

resolves to be the leader in all matters concerningStandardization, Certification and Quality. In order toattain this, the Bureau would strive:

To provide efficient timely service.

To satisfy the customers need for quality and safety of

goods and services, and To work and act in such a way that each task performed as

individuals or as corporate entity, leads to excellence andenhances the credibility and image of the organization.

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Vision (contd)

BIS would achieve these objectives by working in close

cooperation with all concerned BIS service users and byadopting appropriate management systems, motivating andensuring active participation of all its employees.

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MISSION

We dedicate ourselves to achieve excellencethrough effective implementation of Bureauof Indian Standards Act, 1986 and providingprompt and efficient services for BIS users.

In dealings with consumer and organizations,

time and speed shall be the essence of thematter.

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Main Activities

Standards Formulation

Certification Product

Hallmarking of Gold Jewellery

Quality Management System

Environmental Management Systems

Occupational Health and Safety Management System

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points

Imported Products

Laboratory Management

International Activities

Training Services

Others Information Services

Consumer Affairs & Standards Promotion Sale of Standards

STANDARDIZATION -

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Food and Agriculture Department of Bureauof Indian Standards has formulated variousstandards since inception and has so fardeveloped around 1800 standards in thefollowing areas:

PESTICIDES SUGAR APIARY TOBACCO LIVESTOCK FEEDS, EQUIPMENT STIMULANT FOODS SOIL QUALITY AND FERTILIZERS FOOD ADDITIVES SPICES AND CONDIMENTS PROCESSED FRUITS AND

VEGETABLE

AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS

STANDARDIZATION -

IN FOOD & AGRICULTURE

STANDARDIZATION -
http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=raw+chicken/v=2/SID=e/l=IVI/SIG=1335ouqig/EXP=1105548724/*-http:/www.tysonfoodsinc.com/foodservice/products/images/185x170/bulkFrozen.jpghttp://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=pork/v=2/SID=e/l=IVI/SIG=131phooca/EXP=1105548967/*-http:/www.tastingmenu.com/media/2003/20030607-harvestvine/images/07-pork.jpg

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FISH AND FISHERIES PRODUCTS OILS AND OILSEEDS DRINKS AND CARBONATED

BEVERAGES FOOD HYGIENE, SAFETY

MANAGEMENT FOODGRAINS, STARCHES & READY TO

EAT FOODS IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, FARM IMPLEMENTS SLAUGHTER HOUSE AND MEAT DAIRY PRODUCTS AND EQUIPMENT AGRICULTURE AND FOOD

PROCESSING EQUIPMENTS AGRICULTURE MANAGEMENT &

SYSTEMS BIOTECHNOLOGY

SPELIZED PRODUCTS

STANDARDIZATION -

IN FOOD & AGRICULTURE
http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=raw+chicken/v=2/SID=e/l=IVI/SIG=1335ouqig/EXP=1105548724/*-http:/www.tysonfoodsinc.com/foodservice/products/images/185x170/bulkFrozen.jpghttp://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=pork/v=2/SID=e/l=IVI/SIG=131phooca/EXP=1105548967/*-http:/www.tastingmenu.com/media/2003/20030607-harvestvine/images/07-pork.jpg

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TO CONCLUDE

Standards are required for

Preventing dumping of low quality goods in ourcountry

Increasing competence of our manufacturers tocompete in the international market

Protecting our nation from introduced pests anddiseases

Overall welfare of the nations economy and citizen.

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THANK YOU

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