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8/4/2019 Scientist of the World _Meena_9thAug11
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Scientists have enormous contribution in theadvancement of human civilization. Throughoutthe history of the world, many scientists havededicated their lives for research and innovation.Some of them even faced a lot of torture for their
theories but they continued their mission andthus we are now in a modern world. I have madea list of 10 great scientists in the history. Well,naturally, I had to leave out a lot of great figures.However, I feel that my list represents some of the greatest scientists ever.
Sir Isaac Newton
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Newton was also a man of versatile quality.
He was physicist, mathematician,astronomer, alchemist, and naturalphilosopher in a row. His contribution in thedevelopment of science is a special one. Heis best known for his explanation of Universal
Gravitation and three laws of motion, and hewas able to prove that the reason of both themotion of objects on Earth and of celestialbodies is controlled by the same Neutrallaws. These findings could make arevolutionary change in the development of
science. In mechanical science his greatcontribution was in optics. He could make areflecting telescope. He also made someresearch on light and stars. His research onGeneral binomial Theorem helped to be
introduced today’s Calculus.
Sir Isaac Newton
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Galileo Galilei
Galileo is considered as one of the greatestcontributor to the development of Science. Itis undoubtedly true that Galileo could firsthelped science to come out of the trend of Aristotle. He was physicist, astronomer, and
philosopher and his best known contributionslie in the development of Telescope, first twolaws of motion and also in Astronomy. He isalso considered as the father of astronomy,father of physics and father of science.
He was the first scientist who followed theway of quantitative experiments in hisresearch where the result was based onmathematics. He had to suffer a lot from thechurch for his theories.
Galileo Galilei
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Charles Robert Darwin
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There can be debate about whether Charles Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) is
the greatest scientist of all time but there isno doubt that he is the most controversialscientist of all time. On the Origin of Speciesby Means of Natural Selection (1859) - this isthe book that has made Darwin immortal inthe world history. This book has changed the
course of science radically. It is perhaps anirony that Darwin studied theology andinstead of becoming a clergy, he becamenaturalist.
Darwin went to different parts of the world
and carried out extensive research. Histheory about origin of human beings causedwidespread controversy. Darwin stated thathuman beings have evolved through manychanges and survival of the fittest was inimportant factor in the development of animalworld.
Charles Robert Darwin
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Albert Einstein
Einstein is the great scientist of the twentiethcentury and notable physicist of all time. It is
told that he had learning disability in hischildhood. He could not talk till he was threeand could not read till he was eight. Despitesuch problems he later became the noble prizewinner for his contribution to the Physics. His
theory of relativity is considered as arevolutionary development of Physics. He goNoble Prize in Physics in 1921 for hisexplanation of the Photoelectric Effect and fohis research in Theoretical physics.
Albert Einstein
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Thomas Edison
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Edison is the great inventor who has over 1000 patents and his inventions are in
various fields used in our daily life. In hisearly life he was thought to have a learning disability and he could not read till he wastwelve and later he himself admitted that he became deaf after pulling up to a train car byhis ears. He first could able to turn the
attention of the world after inventingPhonograph. His one of the most popular invention is the Electric Bulb. He alsodeveloped the telegraph system. Hisinvention of carbon telephone transmitter
developed the carbon microphone which wasused in the telephoned till 1980. He alsobecame a prominent businessman and hisbusiness institution produced his inventionsand marketed the products to the generalpeople.
Thomas Edison
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Louis Pasteur
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He is one of the most famous contributors in the
medical science. He first introduced the germ theoryof diseases. This is regarded as the base of today’s
microbiology. He found out some of the notion of the
microbe and he could find out that the viruses were
not detectable through microscope. Another important
contribution of Pasteur is to protect harmful microbes
in a way called “Pasteurization” where harmfulmicrobes are destroyed by heating the food. He is
undoubtedly the most influential scientist in medical
science
Louis Pasteur
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Guglielmo Marchese Marconi
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Marconi is a Nobel laureate physicist from Italy.
He is best known for his invention of Radio and
he first introduced wireless telegraph system. He
was born to a landowner father GiuseppeMarconi and his mother was Annie Jameson. He
was very interested to science form his early life.
He initially started working on electromagnetic
wave or radio waves invented by Heinrich Hertz.
Then after a long research he could figure out
such a technology to communicate without wire.After his invention, he marketed this equipment
for the commercial purpose and at that time he
got a competitor free market in the U.S.
Guglielmo Marchese Marconi
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Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose
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He was the first renowned Bengali scientist who had an important
contribution in the invention of Radio and microwave optics. He
was born in Bengal.He was teaching Physics in the Presidency
College at Kolkata. In his teaching career he had to prove hisquality and talent as he was the first Indian to teach Science at the
college. In 1894 he started to research on Radio wave to make
wireless communication equipments. At the same time Italy’s
Marconi also was researching on this project. He first invented
"iron-mercury-iron coherer with telephone detector" and he is the
first person to use a semiconductor junction to catch the radio
waves. It is said that his work on millimeter wavelength made him
50 years ahead. Considering such things it is said that he was thereal inventor of Radio but due to his less seriousness towards
patent and the communication gap made Marconi to be regarded
as the inventor of Radio.
After that he contributed in plant where he could make some vital
theory of ascent of sap. In this research he showed that some
living cells in the endodermis junction are the reason for theascent of sap. He was the first to prove that plants and metals too
havefeelings.
Jagdish Chandra Bose showed experimentally plants too have life.
He invented an instrument to record the pulse of plants.
Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose
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Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam
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A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, is an Aerospace engineer , professor , and
chancellor of the Indian Institute of Space Science and
Technology (IIST), who served as the 11th President of India from
2002 to 2007. During his term as President, he was popularlyknown as the People's President . He was awarded the Bharat
Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.
Before his term as India's president, he worked as an aeronautical
engineer with DRDO and ISRO. He is popularly known as the
Missile Man of India for his work on development of ballistic
missile and space rocket technology. Kalam played a pivotal
organizational, technical and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear test in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by
India in 1974.
He is currently the chancellor of Indian Institute of Space Science
and Technology, a professor at Anna University (Chennai), a
visiting professor at Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad,
Indian Institute of Management Indore, and an adjunct/visiting
faculty at many other academic and research institutions acrossIndia.
In May 2011, Dr. Kalam launched his mission for the youth of the
nation called the What Can I Give Movement .Dr. Kalam better
known as a scientist, also has special interest in the field of arts
like writing Tamil poems, and also playing the music instrument
Veena.
C.V.RAMAN
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C.V.RAMAN
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Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman) was the
first Indian scientist to win Nobel Prize. C.V. Raman wasawarded the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on
the scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman
effect, which is named after him. Raman effect relates to
the inelastic scattering of a photon. When light is scattered
from an atom or molecule, most photons are elastically
scattered (Rayleigh scattering). The scattered photons have
the same energy (frequency) and, therefore, wavelength, asthe incident photons. However, a small fraction of scattered
light (approximately 1 in 10 million photons) is scattered
from excitations with optical frequencies different from,
and usually lower than, the frequency of the incident
photons. Raman effect is helpful in analyzing the
composition of liquids, gases, and solids.
HOMIBHABHA
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HOMIBHABHA
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Homi Jehangir Bhabha is mostly known as the chief architect of
India's nuclear programme. However, his contribution to India's
development goes far beyond the sphere of atomic energy. He hadestablished two great research institutions namely the Tata
Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), and the Atomic Energy
Establishment at Trombay (which after Bhabha's death was
renamed as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). He
played a crucial role in the development of electronics in India.
Bhabha was an outstanding scientist and a brilliant engineer. He
derived a correct expression for the probability of scattering
positrons by electrons, a process now known as Bhabha scattering.His classic paper, jointly with W. Heitler, published in 1937
described how primary cosmic rays from space interact with the
upper atmosphere to produce particles observed at the ground
level. Bhabha and Heitler explained the cosmic ray shower
formation by the cascade production of gamma rays and positive
and negative electron pairs. 'In 1938 Bhabha was the first to
conclude that observations of the properties of such particleswould lead to the straightforward experimental verification of
Albert Einstein's theory of relativity'. Bhabha possessed sensitive
and trained artistic gifts of the highest order. The environment in
which he grew certainly helped him to develop all these fine
qualities. He loved music and dancing. He had considerable
knowledge of both Indian and western music. He painted and
sketched. He designed the settings of dramatic productions. Hewas an architect of no mean ability. Bhabha was a perfectionist.
He was a true lover of trees and did everything under his powers
to protect them..
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Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam
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VIKRAM SARABHAI
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VIKRAM SARABHAI
Sarabhai's name will remain inseparable from India's space
programme. It was Sarabhai who put India on theinternational map in the field of space research. But then he
made equally pioneering contributions in other fields. He
worked in the fields of textiles, pharmaceuticals, nuclear
power, electronics and many others incessantly till last.
The most striking aspect of Sarabhai's personality was the
range and breadth of his interests and the way in which hetransformed his ideas into institutions. Sarabhai was a
creative scientist, a successful and forward looking
industrialist, an innovator of the highest order, a great
institution builder, an educationist with a difference, a
connoisseur of arts, an entrepreneur of social change, a
pioneering management educator and more..
He was a dreamer with a seemingly unmatched capacity for
hard work. He was a visionary, who could not only see
opportunities but created some where none existedSarabhai
died on 30 December 1971 at Kovalam,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. In 1974, the InternationalAstronomical Union at Sydney decided that a Moon Crater
BESSEL in the Sea of Serenity will be known as the
Sarabhai Crater.
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Marie Curie
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Marie Curie
With her husband, Pierre, Marie Curie was the pioneer in
researching radioactivity. When he died suddenly, she
refused a government pension and instead took his place as
a professor at the University of Paris. She was awarded a
Nobel Prize for her work, then became the first person to
win a second Nobel Prize, and she is the only Nobel Prize
winner who is also the mother of another Nobel Prize
winner -- daughter of Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, Irène
Joliot-Curie.
first famous woman scientist in the modern world
• "Mother of Modern Physics" -- pioneer in research aboutradioactivity, a word she coined
• First woman awarded a Ph.D. in research science in
Europe, first woman professor at the Sorbonne
• Discovered and isolated polonium and radium, and
established the nature of radiation and beta rays
Nobel Laureate: 1903 (Physics) and 1911 (Chemistry) --first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize, first person to
win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific disciplines
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Gategaonkar
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Gategaonkar
• Responsible for advanced methods of aircraft parameter estimation from flightdata and for the development of aerodynamic databases.
• Modeling and identification of nonlinearaerodynamics, unstable aircraft, andunsteady aerodynamics.
• Flight data analysis and data gathering forflight simulators.
• Develop and maintain the sophisticatedtools for aircraft parameter estimation.
• Guide engineering students in project work
(e.g. Technical University of Braunschweig).• Provide guidance to guest scientists (e.g.
cooperation program with NationalAerospace Laboratories, Bangalore, India;Man-power development program for IPTN,Bandung, Indonesia).