SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

• New age of thinking• Discovery of new land, people, plants, etc

• Advanced technology needed • Specifically for travel

• Discoveries of incorrect ancient beliefs

FRANCIS BACON AND RENE DESCARTES

• Most important scholars that helped develop the Scientific Method • Scientific Method

1. Identify the Problem/Ask a Question

2. Form an Hypothesis

3. Conduct an Experiment

4. Record Results

5. Analyze Results

GEOCENTRIC THEORY

• The Earth is the center of the universe and the sun, moon, and planets revolve around the Earth.

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

• First man to mathematically prove the Heliocentric Theory correct, and to complete a full model of the solar system

• Heliocentric Theory: The sun is the center of the universe. The Earth revolves around the sun.

• Tycho Brahe – wanted to prove Copernicus wrong

• Brahe and his assistant Johannes Kepler actually proved Copernicus’ work right

GALILEO GALILEI

• Built first telescope used for astronomy in 1609

• First man to observe Saturn, craters on the moon, sunspots, Jupiter's moons, and to discover the Milky Way is made up of stars

ISAAC NEWTON

• Discovered Universal Gravity • Used astronomy, physics, and mathematics to make his discovery

• From these findings, he also developed Calculus

MEDICAL ADVANCEMENTS SCIENTIFIC METHOD LED TO DISCOVERIES IN BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY

GALEN

• Greek physician • Believed human anatomy to be the same as an animal’s• Never dissected a human being

ANDREAS VESALIUS

• Received executed criminals bodies for dissection to explore human anatomy • Hired artists to produce

drawings to share his discoveries

WILLIAM HARVEY

• Studied the human heart, blood flow, and the circulatory system.

ANTHONY VAN LEEUWENHOEK

• Developed a magnifying lens in order to produce a microscope • First man to describe bacteria,

red blood cells, yeast, and other microorganisms.

ROBERT HOOKE

• Studied plants at the microscopic level • Named the cell

ROBERT BOYLE

• Father of Chemistry • First to define an element and discover changes in matter (atoms and

molecules)

• Boyles Law: Describes how temperature, volume, and pressure affects gases

ANTOINE-LAURENT LAVOISIER

• Discovered the Law of Conservation of Mass: proving that mass can not be created nor destroyed.

• Named Oxygen • Introduced the Metric System • Invented the first Periodic Table

with 33 elements

CHURCH OPPOSES SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION • Catholic Church created Universities, or Cathedral schools, to train the leaders

of the church

• Most scientists were Christians• Therefore, they did not want to cause conflict with the church

• Church = inspiration and revealed truth (the Bible and God, faith)

• Science = facts and logical reasoning

• Church eventually accepted some scientific discoveries because they helped the church instead of hurt it

• Church disapproved of Galileo and his work

SCIENCE AND THE ARTS

• Artists learned anatomy when painting the human body• Painters used chemistry to experiment with paint colors and the

nature of light• Artists used mathematics to create compositions of perfect

balance• Architects and Engineers used physics and math