Scientific Innovations Inc. Joseph H. Brondo, Jr., CEO Brookhaven National Laboratory

Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.

Scientific Innovations Inc. Joseph H. Brondo, Jr., CEO

Brookhaven National Laboratory Lucian Wielopolski, PhD.

Advanced Energy Systems Anthony Favali, CEO Joseph Sredniawski, VP.

NSNRC: David Vardsky, PhD.

Scientific Innovations Inc. Joseph H. Brondo, Jr., CEO

Brookhaven National Laboratory Lucian Wielopolski, PhD.

Advanced Energy Systems Anthony Favali, CEO Joseph Sredniawski, VP.

NSNRC: David Vardsky, PhD.

EXPLOSIVE DETECTION SYSTEMS (EDS)Based on

GAMMA RESONANCE TECHNOLOGY (GRT)

EXPLOSIVE DETECTION SYSTEMS (EDS)Based on


SCIENTIFIC

Innovations

Inc.

June 2002


EDS-GRT ObjectivesEDS-GRT ObjectivesEDS-GRT ObjectivesEDS-GRT Objectives

A Joint Program byScientific Innovations, Inc.

Brookhaven National Laboratory Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.

Rapid deployment of resonance technology for detection and imaging of concealed

explosives, chemical warfare agents, and dirty and nuclear bombs in shipping

containers


EDS-GRT: OrganizationEDS-GRT: OrganizationEDS-GRT: OrganizationEDS-GRT: Organization

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Scientific Innovations Inc.

Advanced Energy Systems Inc.

Nuclear Research Center Soreq, Israel

R&DAccelerator Electronics Targets

System Integration

Engineering, Production

Resonance Detectors, Software

Liaison With the IndustryPrincipal Patent Holder


EDS-GRT EDS-GRT System ConfigurationSystem ConfigurationPatents by Scientific Innovations, Inc.Patents by Scientific Innovations, Inc.

An accelerator is used to produce protons at a specific energy such that unique resonant gamma rays are generated from impingement on a specific target. The emitted gamma rays pass through a volume of interest and interact resonantly with specific elements of interest so that images of the elemental density are developed from the variation in gamma detection counts. Fluorescence or scattered gammas resonant with the element are also detected simultaneously. Non resonant gamma rays are used to image total density.


NameName MWMW CC HH NN OO N (%)N (%) g/cmg/cm33

TNTTNT 227.13227.13 77 55 33 66 18.518.5 1.651.65

RDXRDX 222.26222.26 33 66 66 66 38.038.0 1.831.83

HMXHMX 296.16296.16 44 88 88 88 37.837.8 1.961.96

TetrylTetryl 287.15287.15 77 55 55 88 24.424.4 1.731.73

PETNPETN 316.20316.20 55 88 44 1212 17.717.7 1.781.78

NGNG 227.09227.09 33 55 33 99 18.518.5 1.591.59

EGDNEGDN 152.10152.10 22 44 22 66 18.418.4 1.491.49

ANAN 80.0580.05 -- 44 22 33 35.035.0 1.591.59

TATPTATP 222.23222.23 99 1818 -- 66 -- 1.21.2

DNBDNB 168.11168.11 66 44 22 44 16.716.7 1.581.58

Picric AcidPicric Acid 229.12229.12 66 33 33 77 18.318.3 1.761.76

EDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: ExplosivesExplosivesEDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: ExplosivesExplosives


Where:

TNT – 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene RDX – Hexogen HMX – Octogen Tetryl – PETN – Nitropenta NG – Nitroglycerin EGDN – Ethylene glycol dinitrate AN – Ammonium Nitrate (NH4NO3) TATP – DNB – 1,3-Dinitrobenzene Picric acid -

About 80% of the explosives contain N, those that do not contain N contain Cl.

EDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: ExplosivesExplosivesEDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: ExplosivesExplosives


EDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: Other MaterialsOther MaterialsEDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: Other MaterialsOther Materials

NameName C%C% H%H% N%N% O%O% g/cmg/cm33

WoolWool 37.537.5 4.74.7 21.921.9 5.15.1 1.321.32

SilkSilk 39.539.5 5.35.3 28.828.8 26.326.3 1.251.25

NylonNylon 63.763.7 9.79.7 12.412.4 14.214.2 1.141.14

OrlonOrlon 67.967.9 5.75.7 26.426.4 00 1.161.16

MelaminMelamin

FormaldehydeFormaldehyde43.643.6 5.55.5 50.950.9 00 1.481.48

PolyurethanePolyurethane 52.252.2 7.97.9 12.212.2 27.827.8 1.501.50

MeatsMeats -- -- ~3~3 -- 1.101.10

PlantsPlants -- -- ~1~1 -- 1.051.05


EDS-GRT AdvantagesEDS-GRT Advantages

In a two dimensional plot simultaneous registration

of the total density and the nitrogen density separates the explosives from other

common materials.

This two dimensional Matrix Provides for fully automatic identification of explosives

Addition of other elements will provide for a multi-

dimensional matrix


EDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: RequirementsRequirementsEDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: RequirementsRequirements

An ideal EDS system will

1) Detect directly presence of an explosive.

2) Identify the type of explosive.

3) Localize the explosive.

4) Minimize false positives.

5) Operate reliably in the field.

6) Provide high throughput.

7) Would not induces residual activity.


Brookhaven National LaboratoryLucian Wielopolski, Ph.D.

Scientific Innovations Inc. (SII)Joseph Brondo, CEO

June 2002

Brookhaven National LaboratoryLucian Wielopolski, Ph.D.

Scientific Innovations Inc. (SII)Joseph Brondo, CEO

June 2002

EXPLOSIVE DETECTION SYSTEMS (EDS)based on


Explosives and Chemical Warfare Agents Detection & Imaging

EXPLOSIVE DETECTION SYSTEMS (EDS)based on


Explosives and Chemical Warfare Agents Detection & Imaging

EDS-GRT Development Center


EDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: Current TechnologiesCurrent TechnologiesEDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: Current TechnologiesCurrent Technologies

Neutrons

Pulsed Fast Neutron Analysis Neutron

Backscatter

Associated Alpha

Particle Time of Flight

Thermal Neutron Analysis

Pulsed Fast Thermal Neutron Analysis

Electromagnetic

Nuclear Magnetic

Resonance NMR

Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance

NQR

Other Nuclear

Gamma Backscatter

Gamma Transmission

Gamma Resonance Technology

BULK ANALYSIS Trace Analysis

X-Ray

Standard Transmission

Computed Tomography

Backscatter

Dual Energy

Diffraction


EDS-GRT:EDS-GRT: Basic Principles Basic PrinciplesEDS-GRT:EDS-GRT: Basic Principles Basic Principles

Gamma Resonance occurs when the energy of a gamma beam is precisely tuned to coincide with a nuclear excitation level in a nucleus of an element of interest.

GRT can be implemented in either absorption(transmission) or scattering mode.


EDS-GRT:EDS-GRT: Basic Configurations Basic ConfigurationsEDS-GRT:EDS-GRT: Basic Configurations Basic Configurations

Accelerator

Target

Transmission Detectors

Object

TransmittedBeam

ProtonsA low energy proton beamhits a dedicated target andproduces resonance gammarays. These interact resonantly with N or Cl encountered in the explosive.

Monitoring the transmittedand the scattered beams,with the transmission and scattering detectors,respectively, allows analysisand imaging of the elements of interest.

ScatteringDetectors

ScatteredBeam


Setup measures simultaneously theresonantt and non resonant gamma ray flux and can differentiate between the two. The ratio of the two identifies the explosive

At 9.17 MeV gamma ray resonanceattenuation is about four times higher than the non resonantradiation.

EDS-GRT:EDS-GRT: Transmission TransmissionEDS-GRT:EDS-GRT: Transmission Transmission


EDS-GRT Resonance PrincipleEDS-GRT Resonance Principle

Object

Resonant Gamma Fan

Proton Beam

Beam Production Target

Detector Array

Accelerator

Gamma resonance radiation from accelerator based nuclear reactions

SII PatentsPatent 5,040,200Patent 5,293,414Patent 6,215,851


EDS-GRT AccomplishmentsEDS-GRT Accomplishments

DC Tandem Accelerator Design Specifications

• Energy tunable up to ~ 1.9 MeV • Beam current, ~2 mA, up to ~ 10 mA• Total Emittance ~0.1 pi mm mrad • Beam spread < 25 keV


1 Operational High Intensity Resonance Source at Northrop Grumman Prior to Transferto BNL

2 Partial Installation of the Resonance Source at BNL Site For R&D and Testing of Resonance Technology.

3 Specialized Resonance Detectors for Nitrogen, Used in Proof-of-Principle Demonstration, Were Developed.




Two Projection images through an aircraft container

loaded with mixed cargo containing six explosives. The nitrogen image clearly

identifies the explosives.

Nahal Soreq groupexperimental set-up at Los Alamos inspecting

LD-3 air cargo container


Proof-of-Principle Demonstrated by Soreq Group UsingResonance Detectors:

Test Set Up Using Explosive Simulants (nitrogenousmaterial) And Other Objects

Total Density Image

Nitrogen Density Image Highlights Explosive Simulants And Makes Lead Brick Transparent

EDS-GRT Proof-of-PrincipleEDS-GRT Proof-of-Principle


Tissue N ~ 2.7%Explosive N ~19% - 30%.

Gammagram

Nitrogram

Nahal Soreq Group Experimentat McMaster University

EDS-GRT Proof-of-PrincipleEDS-GRT Proof-of-Principle


EDS-GRT-TargetsEDS-GRT-Targets• Single Element Targets

• Multi-element (layered) Targets• Multi-element (segmented) Targets

Element Element DetectedDetected

TargetTargetEEpp

(MeV)(MeV)σσabsabs

(barns)(barns)

EEγγ

(MeV)(MeV)ReactionReaction

1414NN 1313CC 1.751.75 2.62.6 9.179.17 1313C(p,C(p,γγ))1414NN

4040CaCa 3939KK 2.042.04 5.05.0 10.3210.32 3939K(p,K(p,γγ))4040CaCa

3535ClCl 3434SS 1.891.89 1.01.0 8.218.21 3434S(p,S(p,γγ))3535ClCl

1616OO 1919FF 2.62.6 2.42.4 6.926.92 1919F(p,F(p,αα,,γγ))1616OO

1212CC 1515NN 2.62.6 1.11.1 4.434.43 1515N(p,N(p,αα,,γγ))1212CC


Comparison of AcceleratorsComparison of AcceleratorsParameter Electrostatic RF

Power Source res. circuit tube solid stateOutput (mA) 10 10* 10*Beam energy spread (+/-keV) 6 25 25Est. Accel. Dev. cost ($M) 6** 5 6.5Est. Prod. Cost ($M) 1.5 3.0 4.0Power conv. eff. (%) 0.5 0.4 0.55Beam power eff. (%) 0.9 0.30 0.30Overall accel. eff. (%) 0.45 0.12 0.165Wall power (kW) 39 146 106Footprint (ft2) 212 240 200Technology cutting edge exists exists

* Potential to 100 mA with increased input power** Includes cost of HVPS/LVPS development to date


EDS-GRT ApplicationsEDS-GRT Applications

Border Control Airline Security

Bridges/Tunnels

Building & Monument SecurityPower Plant Security

Force Protection

Shipping Ports

Postal Security

Stadiums & Olympic Events

RT-EDIS

Railroad SecurityEmbassies


EDS-GRTEDS-GRT LD-3 Container InspectionLD-3 Container Inspection


A configuration of a system in an airport feeding simultaneously two inspection stations for bags.

EDS-GRTEDS-GRT Airport LuggageAirport Luggage


To Construct DeployableInspection Systems CapableTo Interrogate Small (postageparcel) And Large (shipcontainers) Bulk Materials,Using High ResolutionMedium Intensity And Low Resolution High IntensityAccelerators, Respectively.

EDS-GRT Future PlansEDS-GRT Future Plans


EDS-GRT High Throughput ConfigurationEDS-GRT High Throughput Configuration

A single accelerator module can drive multiple A single accelerator module can drive multiple detection modules simultaneously to give high detection modules simultaneously to give high throughputs. This requires a special gamma production throughputs. This requires a special gamma production target (Patent 6,215,430 and Patent 5,784,430)target (Patent 6,215,430 and Patent 5,784,430)


EDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: Large Cargo ScreeningLarge Cargo ScreeningEDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: Large Cargo ScreeningLarge Cargo Screening

StackedContainers

Detectors

Resonance Gamma

Beam

36’8’

18’

Target

21’

Using four ramps may interrogate simultaneously 40 foot container in about 3 to 4 minutes, stacked containers will double the capacity. (Extrapolated from experiments)


EDS-GRT Time Shared ConfigurationEDS-GRT Time Shared Configuration

Each detection station can process 1600 bags/hr, 24 LD-3 containers/hr, 4 conveyors simultaneously

• Single accelerator serves multiple detection stations

High speed mail hubs, checked luggage, containers


EDS-GRT Truck InspectionEDS-GRT Truck Inspection

Force Protection, Borders, Power Plants, Bridges and Tunnels


EDS-GRT AdvantagesEDS-GRT Advantages• High Detection Probability (>90%)

• Low False Alarm Rate (<5%)

• Specific Explosive Signature (Chemical elements)• Fully Automated Decision Making

• Single Source Can Feed Multiple Inspection Stations (in parallel or in time share modes)

• Suitable for Inspection of Postal Parcels Up ToLarge Vehicles or Shipping Containers

• No Residual Activity• Elemental 3-D Imaging Capability

•High Throughput (1600 bags/hr, 24LD-3/hr, ~3min/truck)/station


EDS-GRT EDS-GRT False Alarm versus scan timeFalse Alarm versus scan time

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Time per 5 mm scan slice (secs)

Fals

e A

larm

(%

)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Time per 5 mm scan slice (secs)

Fals

e A

larm

(%

)

Data Based Upon 10 mA of Proton Current and 90% Detection ProbabilityHE @ 450g Sensitivity

100 cm (suitcase)

145 cm (small carousel)

252 cm dia container (LD-3)


EDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: Public safetyPublic safetyEDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: Public safetyPublic safety

• Accelerator produces low energy x-rays.• Target produces only gamma radiation, no neutrons.• Shielded highly collimated beam.• Dose to image N in human body 0.026 mrem.• Dose to stowaway will be considerable lower.• Gamma flux is two to three orders of magnitude

lower than for VACIS or CT systems.


1. Complete BNL Development and Test Facility (1y)

• Complete Facility• Target Development

• Detectors Development• System Integration and Testing

2. Setup a Low Rate Production Facility (1-2y)• Set Up Low Rate Production Facility

• Production Engineering Design • Production of a Small and Large Cargo Inspection

Systems• Field evaluation

3. Establish a High Rate Production Facility (2-3y)

EDS-GRT Path ForwardEDS-GRT Path Forward


EDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: R&DR&DEDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: R&DR&D

TargetBNL

Project Manager BNL

Scientific Innovations

DetectorsBNL

Resonance Detectors

Nahal Soreq

Position Sensitive Detectors TRIUMF

New DetectorsCl, Ca, LSO

AcceleratorBNL

AES

Software BNL/Nahal

Soreq

System Integration BNL

AES

Nahal Soreq

SII

SII – Scientific Innovations Inc.AES – Advanced Energy Systems Inc.Nahal Soreq – Nuclear Research Center


EDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: Time ScheduleTime ScheduleEDS-GRT: EDS-GRT: Time ScheduleTime Schedule

3 9 12 Month60

LC SystemIntegration

Documentation

TA Infrastructure

System Engineering

Detectors

Targets

Tandem Accelerator (TA)

LC SystemTesting &Evaluation

Test facility can be ready within a year.


SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY

1. There is a need for new technology to meet future needs of national security.

2. Proof-of-principle of GRT for explosive detection and imaging has been demonstrated.

3. Gamma Resonance Technology is a viable method for detection of explosives and other elements in small and large shipping containers.

4. Life cycle of a unit is 10 to 15 years.


SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY 4. The proposed EDS-GRT fills deficiencies of

current x-ray scanners and other systems in use.

5. Extensive expertise at BNL in nuclear physics, particle accelerators, γ ray detectors and systems integration provide high probability for success.

6. A test facility ready for systems testing and prototype certification can be delivered within a year.

7. A field deployable system can be developed within two years.


Documents

Scientific Innovations Inc. Joseph H. Brondo, Jr., CEO Brookhaven National Laboratory