Addu High School DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCEBIOLOGY
Hithadhoo/ Addu
Topic: Scientific Article Unit -5 (for question.No 7 only)
General terms:GMC: General medical councilTUE: Therapeutic Use
ExemptionNSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsA certificate
issued by the doctor for regular usage of banned drugs with
acceptable dosage levels by.WADA: World Anti-Doping
Agency.Decongestants (specific drugs): congestion relievers. Inner
lining of the nose swell leads to Nose blocking / stuffed up/
wheezing inhalation or exhalation / difficulty in breathing through
nose. Whenallergiesmake your nose stuffed up,
anantihistaminegenerally don't help. But a decongestant might.
Here's howdecongestantswork:Allergiesmake the lining of your nose
swell.Decongestantsshrink swollenbloodvessels and tissues. That
relieves the congestion. But decongestants cant help
withsneezingoritching. Decongestants come in pills, liquids, nose
drops, and nasal sprays. Many are available without a prescription.
Common decongestants include: VicksSinex(oxymetazoline) is a
commonly used by all around the world. Afrin, Dristan,
VicksSinex(oxymetazoline) SudafedPE,SuphedrinPE
(phenylephrine)Silfedrine, Sudafed, Suphedrin
(pseudoephedrine)Haematocrit: the ratio of the volume of red blood
cells to the total volume of blood. an instrument for measuring the
ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of
blood, typically by centrifugation.Cardiac hypertrophy:- Developing
of larger ventricle cavities and thicker ventricle walls by the
trained athletes. And the heart in them larger than that of a
non-athlete. This is also can be done by using banned drugs. An
abnormal enlargement of the heart muscle, often associated with
increased afterload. It frequently accompanies long-standing
hypertension and congestive heart failure.Autologous transfusion:
Exogenous testosterone:Endogenous testosterone:Peroxisomes: small,
membrane-enclosed organelles that contain enzymes involved in a
variety of metabolic reactions, including several aspects of energy
metabolism. peroxisomes are morphologically similar to lysosomes at
least 50 different enzymes are present in peroxisomes.
Related Images:
1. Why do athletes and sports people use drugs?2. Why drugs are
banned in the sports?3. What do you mean by doping and what are the
different ways of doping?4. Elite athletes and al the professional
sportspeople are routinely tested. Explain (Para 5)5. Explain how
anabolic steroids work to enhance the performance. (para 6)6. Draw
a flow chart to mechanism of protein based drugs to enhance the
performance. (para 6)7. Explain how the beta-blockers would favour
to shooting event? (para 7)8. What do you mean by decongestants?
And explain how they give relief in case of decongestion.9. What
are the consequences faced by the doctor one who colluded with
sports men and women in administering any banned drug?(para 9)10.
Why WADA do strictly monitored or scrutinized all the participants
in the Olympics and other official events? (para 11)11. Diuretics
(like probenecid) are used for dehydration. Explain how this drug
will helpful to (a) Weightlifters, Judo, Boxers,(b) Jockey(para
15)12. What kind of listed drug in the article would bring
haematocrit enhancement? What are the effects and the affects such
drugs? (para 19) 13. What do you mean by haematocrit? (para 19)14.
Comment on the Reliability of this article Less reliabilitybecause
. No reference books are included Limited websites are included No
data analysis / tables, graphs, pictures/images related to COPD No
specific year regarding the release of this article No research
scholars names and contacts to communicate Whether this article /
COPD covering the whole worlds population or specific white people
/ UK is a doubtful. No journals are included.
Department of Science and technology A2 Biology- Scientific
article (Unit -5 for Question. No- 7 only) April 2015 2 of 2
