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John Buchan Middle School 1
John Buchan Middle School
Science Test Revision
5E Earth, Sun and Moon
41 min
38 marks Name
John Buchan Middle School 2
Level 3
1. Shadows
(a) One sunny day, some children use a rounders post to make shadows in their playground.
rounders post
When light shines on the rounders post, a shadow forms.
Where does the light come from?
...................................................................................................................... 1 mark
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(b) The rounders post makes a dark shadow.
Tick ONE box to complete the sentence below.
The rounders post makes a dark shadow because it is...
opaque. smooth.
solid. transparent.
tall. heavy.
1 mark
(c) The children draw round the shadow of the rounders post every half hour from 9:30 until 12 noon.
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They measure the length of each shadow and record their results in this table:
Time (am) Length of shadow (cm)
9:30 146
10:00 130
10:30 116
11:00 109
11:30 106
12:00 103
What happened to the length of the shadow during the morning?
...................................................................................................................... 1 mark
(d) The children make a line graph to show the results from the morning.
Continue the line on the graph to show how the length of the shadow would change between 12 noon and 2:30pm.
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
Length ofshadow
(cm)
9:30am
12:00noon
2:30pm
Time 1 mark
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2. Tree shadow
(a) Alex looks at a tree on a sunny day.
Tick ONE box to show where the Sun was when it caused this shadow of the tree.
1 mark
(b) Explain why a shadow forms behind the tree.
.............................................................................................................. 1 mark
(c) Alex looks at the shadow of the tree at different times of the day. He observes that the shadow is in a different position each time.
The position of the shadow changes because the Sun appears to move across the sky.
Tick One box to explain why the Sun appears to move across the sky each day.
The Earth orbits the Sun.
The Earth spins on its axis.
The Sun orbits the Earth.
The Sun spins on its axis.
1 mark
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(d) Alex looks at the tree’s shadow every two hours. He draws the position of the shadows on the ground.
The diagram below shows his results.
At 8pm there is no shadow of the tree on the ground.
Why is there no shadow of the tree on the ground at 8 pm?
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.............................................................................................................. 1 mark
(e) Use Alex’s diagram to estimate what time the shadow was pointing north.
................................................... pm 1 mark
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Level 4
3. Isaac Newton
(a) Isaac Newton was a famous scientist who was born in 1642.
There is a famous story about Newton watching an apple fall from a tree.
Newton thought a force must cause the apple to fall.
Tick ONE box to show which force on the apple causes it to fall down from the tree.
a pulling force towards the tree
a pushing force from the apple
a pulling force towards the Earth
a pushing force from the air
1 mark
(b) Newton did different investigations to test his ideas.
Why was it important for Newton to test his ideas using investigations?
.....................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................... 1 mark
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(c) Newton realised that the force which made the apple fall to the ground also causes the Earth to orbit the Sun.
Name the force that causes the Earth to orbit the Sun.
.......................................................... 1 mark
(d) How long does the Earth take to orbit the Sun once?
..................................................................................................................... 1 mark
(e) How does the Earth move to cause day and night?
.....................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................... 1 mark
4. Planet Earth
(a) A long time ago, people thought that the Earth was flat.
Now we know that planet Earth is not flat.
What shape is planet Earth?
...................................................................................................................... 1 mark
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(b) A long time ago, scientists had different ideas about the Sun and the Earth.
Now we know that only some of their ideas are true.
Tick ONE box in each row on the table below to say whether each idea is true or false.
Idea True False
The Earth goes around the Sun.
The Earth spins on its axis.
The Sun is hidden behind the Moon at night.
The Sun orbits the Earth.
Night is dark because thick clouds cover the Sun.
2 marks
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(c) The diagram below shows clouds over different parts of the Earth.
Rain is falling from the clouds.
(ii) Draw an arrow from each cloud to show the direction of gravity acting on the rain.
cloudcloud
cloud
cloud
Earth
1 mark
(ii) Explain why you have drawn the arrows in this way.
In your answer write about the force of gravity.
............................................................................................................
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5. Earth and space
(a) How long does it take for the Earth to orbit the Sun?
..................................................... 1 mark
(b) Jan makes a model of the Earth and the Sun to show day-time and night-time. She uses a lamp for the Sun and a ball for the Earth.
string
ball
lamp
Which of the following correctly shows day and night in this model?
Tick ONE box.
6 1 mark
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(c) How must Jan move the ball to show how one place on Earth has day-time and night-time?
Tick ONE box.
walk with the ballaround the lamp
swing the ball backwardsand forwards
spin the ball onthe string
hold the ball lowerthen higher
1 mark
(d) Jan draws this diagram to show how the Earth orbits the Sun.
Draw the orbit of the Moon on Jan’s diagram.
Sun
Moon
Earth
1 mark
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Level 5
6. Earth, Sun and Moon
(a) Martin is making a model of the Earth, Sun and Moon. He collects some objects that can be used to model the Earth, Sun and Moon.
poppy seedmelon pea
Write Earth, Sun and Moon in the table below to show what each object should model.
Object melon pea poppy seed
What it models
1 mark
(b) What shape are the Earth, Sun and Moon in space?
....................................................................................................................... 1 mark
(c) Martin uses his model to show what causes day and night.
How can Martin show what causes day and night using his model?
Tick ONE box.
spin the Earth on its axis
move the Earth around the Sun
spin the Sun on its axis
move the Sun around the Earth
1 mark
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(d) Complete the sentence below about the Moon’s orbit.
The Moon orbits the Earth once every........................................................... 1 mark
(e) Martin shines a torch on a globe. It models the Sun shining on the Earth.
Estimate what time of day it would be on the Earth at place A.
Place B and C have been done for you.
Place Time of day
A
B 6 pm
C 9 pm
1 mark
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7. The Earth and light
(a) Kate and Ashur are finding out about the Earth, Sun and Moon.
They decide to investigate how shadows change at different times of the day. Kate measures the length of Ashur’s shadow.
They repeat their test at two other times of the day.
Draw THREE lines to match each time of day to the correct length of shadow.
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(b) Tick ONE box to show why shadows change length during the day.
The Sun orbits the Earth.
The Earth orbits the Sun.
The Sun goes up in the day and down at night.
The Earth spins on its axis. 1 mark
(c) The Moon does not give out light of its own. It reflects light from the Sun.
Tick ONE box to show which sentence below is evidence that the Moon does not give out its own light.
The moon is a sphere but appears to change shape during the month.
The Moon is nearer to the Earth than the Sun.
The Moon cannot be seen on cloudy days.
The position of the Moon in the sky changes.
1 mark
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(d) Draw TWO arrows on the diagram below to show the direction the light travels so that a person on the Earth can see the Moon.
2 marks
8. Time on Earth
(a) Our measurements of time are linked to the movements of the Moon and Earth.
How many days does each of the following movements take?
Complete the table below.
Movement Time taken (days)
Earth to spin on its axis.
Earth to orbit the Sun.
Moon to orbit the Earth.
2 marks
(b) Look at this diagram of the Sun and the Earth.
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In the diagram above, what is the time in England?
Tick ONE box.
6 o'clock (morning) 6 o'clock (evening)
12 o'clock (midday) 12 o'clock (midnight)
1 mark
(c) The diagrams below show the same shadow stick at different times on the same day.
One circle on each diagram below shows the position of the Sun in the sky when each shadow is made.
(i) Put a cross in one circle on each diagram to show the correct position of the Sun.
East East EastWest West West
1 mark
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(ii) Draw THREE lines below to match each shadow to the time it is made.
East East EastWest West West
8 o'clock(morning)
11 o'clock(morning)
3 o'clock(afternoon)
1 mark
