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Science Reasoning
Reasoning is a skill that is being lost by a lot of people. The idea behind reasoning is to figure out an answer to a question when you do not know the answer.
To figure out the answer, first you must not give up. Next is to make sure you understand what the question wants to know. Then think about information related to the question that you know.
Use information you know and infer an answer. If you are not taking a test, then you can research the information. That is the purpose of research papers. To find information to come up with an answer.
In real life, you come up with the wrong answer. Do not give up. That just means you need to use a different approach.
Reasoning is not really a skill you can study for. This is the kind of questions lots of science tests are based on. The ACT is called science reasoning.
You may ask why tests are testing this skill in the science section and not just asking knowledge based questions. Because scientists do not know the answer to what they are looking for. They must find it.
The next question is “how are these questions asked?” The question usually is written to include graphs, tables, or concept maps. You look at the information and infer an answer from them.
How many primary (first-order) consumers does the food web include?
four
What is the LOWEST taxonomic level at which the dog and human share common character-istics?
Class
This chart shows the characteristics of three different plants. Plant 3 on the chart is a
A. mossB. fungusC. pine treeD. fruit tree
Pine Tree
In the diagram, a pine tree should be placed at which of the following positions?
A.(W)
B. (x)
C. (y)
D. (z)
Y
The percentages in these diagrams show the concentration of salt in two cells and in the water around each cell. What will happen in cell A and cell B?
Water will enter cell A and water will leave cell B
Fua'amotu, Tonga
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5
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J F M A M J J A S O N D
mean annual temperature 74
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-20-10010203040
5060708090100
total precipitation 63.4
Te
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era
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in
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average64.4
Tropical wet
2.4”
Cochin, India
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5
10
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20
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J F M A M J J A S O N D
mean annual temperature 82
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5060708090100
total precipitation 108
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2.4”
64.4
Tropical monsoonal
Tabora, Tanzania
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5
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J F M A M J J A S O N D
mean annual temperature 85
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-20-10010203040
5060708090100
total precipitation 34.6
Te
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era
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in
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hre
nh
eit
2.4”
64.4
Tropical savanna
Faya Largeau, Chad
0
5
10
15
20
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J F M A M J J A S O N D
mean annual temperature 83
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tio
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-20-10010203040
5060708090100
total precipitation 1.8
Te
mp
era
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in
De
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Fa
hre
nh
eit
>64.4
<15”
Low latitude desert
Aral, Kazakhstan
0
5
10
15
20
25
J F M A M J J A S O N D
mean annual temperature 46
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tio
n i
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-20-10010203040
5060708090100
total precipitation 4.9
Te
mp
era
ture
in
De
gre
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Fa
hre
nh
eit
<64.4
<10”
Mid-latitude desert
Longreach, Australia
0
5
10
15
20
25
J F M A M J J A S O N D
mean annual temperature 74
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ita
tio
n i
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-20-10010203040
5060708090100
total precipitation 16.5
Te
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era
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in
De
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Fa
hre
nh
eit
> 64.4°
15”-30”
Low latitude steppe
Hope, ND, USA
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10
15
20
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J F M A M J J A S O N D
mean annual temperature 40.4
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tio
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-20-10010203040
5060708090100
total precipitation 17.8
Te
mp
era
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in
De
gre
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Fa
hre
nh
eit
Mid-latitude steppe
< 64.4
15”-30”
Anqing, China
0
5
10
15
20
25
J F M A M J J A S O N D
mean annual temperature 63
Pre
cip
ita
tio
n i
n I
nch
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-20-10010203040
5060708090100
total precipitation 53.6
Te
mp
era
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in
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Fa
hre
nh
eit
Humid subtropical
71.6
64.4
32
Naples, Italy
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5
10
15
20
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J F M A M J J A S O N D
mean annual temperature 61
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-20-10010203040
5060708090100
total precipitation 37.2
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Mediterranean
64.4
32
Bay View, New Zealand
0
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10
15
20
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J F M A M J J A S O N D
mean annual temperature 55
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-20-10010203040
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total precipitation 30.9
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nh
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Marine west coast
71.6
64.4
32
Otaru, Japan
0
5
10
15
20
25
J F M A M J J A S O N D
mean annual temperature 46
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ita
tio
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-20-10010203040
5060708090100
total precipitation 43
Te
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in
De
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Fa
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nh
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Humid continental
50°32°
At least 4
humid
Auden, Canada
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15
20
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J F M A M J J A S O N D
mean annual temperature 32
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-20-10010203040
5060708090100
total precipitation 29.1
Te
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Fa
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nh
eit
Subarctic
50°32°
3 or less
Arctic Bay, Canada
0
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20
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mean annual temperature 8
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-20-10
01020
304050
607080
90100
total precipitation 5.1
Te
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nh
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Tundra
50°32°
Scott Base, Antarctica
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J F M A M J J A S O N D
mean annual temperature -2
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-30-20-100102030405060708090100
total precipitation 7.2
Te
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in
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Ice cap
32°
Gisenyi, Rwanda
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mean annual temperature 64
Pre
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-20-10
01020
304050
607080
90100
total precipitation 45.6
Te
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Highland
