SCIENCE

ENERGY and MOTION

All the lights in your house need energy. So do the refrigerator and

washing machine and computer.

What else needs energy?

What do you and a car have in common?

You both need energy!

Gasoline is the car’s source of energy.

Food is your form of energy. Healthy foods give your body the

energy it needs.

Match up each item to its source of energy.

ENERGY is the ABILITY to CAUSE CHANGE in MATTER.

EVERYTHING THAT MOVES HAS ENERGY!

These kids need energy to run.

They get their energy from eating healthy foods.

When a roller coaster car climbs

a hill, it seems to stop at the top

for just a moment.

Then it speeds down to the bottom.

Something in motion, like a girl on a pogo stick, has

KINETIC ENERGY.KINETIC ENERGY is ENERGY in MOTION.

The roller coaster hovering at the top of

a hill has

POTENTIAL ENERGY.

POTENTIAL ENERGY is the energy something has because of its

position or condition.

MECHANICAL ENERGY

is the total

POTENTIAL ENERGY

+

KINETIC ENERGY

of an object.

The girl pushes the

pogo stick spring down.

The spring has

POTENTIAL ENERGY.

When the spring spreads

out, the pogo stick

goes up and now has

KINETIC ENERGY.

As a roller coaster

climbs to the top of a

hill, it gains POTENTIAL ENERGY.

The higher the coaster

climbs, the more

POTENTIAL ENERGY

the cars have.

As the coaster comes

down the hill, the

POTENTIAL ENERGY

decreases because

of the changes in

KINETIC ENERGY.

MECHANICAL ENERGY = POTENTIAL ENERGY + KINETIC ENERGY

FLASH and BOOM

You see lightning flash across the sky. Then you hear a boom that

is so loud, it makes your heart pound.Lightning and Thunder are two

Forms of Energy.

Lightning can be hotter than the surface of the sun. It makes the air around it rapidly expand. This

causes the BOOM of thunder.

Do the Math

How far away was that lightning strike?

As soon as you see a flash of lightning,

count the seconds until you hear

thunder. Then divide the number of

seconds by 5. This gives you an

approximate distance in miles.

LIGHT ENERGY

is produced and used in

different ways.

Light is a form of energy

that can travel through

space.

Plants use light from the

sun to make food.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

That same LIGHT ENERGY

from the sun allows us to see.

Another source of LIGHT ENERGY

is electricity. If we couldn’t use

electricity to produce

LIGHT ENERGY it would be difficult

to work or play after dark.

Another form of energy is

SOUND ENERGY.

Sound is made when something

moves back and forth. This motion

is called

VIBRATION.

Sounds can be described in

different ways.

PITCH

describes how high or low

a sound is.

LOUD sounds have more energy

than quiet sounds.

ENERGY is all around us.You could not do without energy for

even one day.CHEMICAL ENERGY

is energy that is released by a chemical change.

ELECTRICAL ENERGYis energy that comes from electric

current.

CHEMICAL ENERGY

from the food we eat gives us the energy we need to grow and move.

Most cars run on gasoline.

Gasoline is a source of

chemical energy.

Fire releases chemical energy that

provides heat and cooks our food.

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

is energy that comes from electric

current.

Anything plugged into a wall outlet

uses electrical energy.

Electricity is generated using the chemical

energy released during the burning of

fossil fuels.

The sun, wind, and water can also

generate electricity.

Solar Power Water Power

ENERGY CAN CHANGE FORM

Electrical energy changes to light energy

when you turn on a light switch.

You feel heat energy given off by

many light bulbs.

Chemical energy in gasoline changes

to mechanical energy when a driver

presses the gas pedal.

Chemical energy changes into light

energy in a glow stick.

Glow sticks have a glass tube

inside that has chemicals inside.

When you bend the glow stick, the

tube breaks. The chemicals mix

together and when they mix, light

energy is given off.

Radio Waves are a form of energy.A remote control sends radio waves

to a remote-controlled car.The radio waves change to electrical

energy to tell the motor what to do:

start – stop – go faster.The car also has batteries to change chemical energy to electrical energy

to move the car.

SUMMARYEnergy is the ability to cause change in matter.

Everything that moves has energy.

Kinetic energy is energy of motion.

Potential energy is the energy something

has because of its position.

Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic energy

and potential energy.

Light energy allows plants to make food and

helps us see and stay warm.

Sound energy is caused by vibrations.

Energy can change from one form to another.

WATER ENERGY

A dam can be used to

change the kinetic energy of falling water into electrical

energy.

Energy made using falling water is known as

HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY.

People have always used water’s energy to move things. Before boats had engines, ferries and

rafts used the motion of rivers to carry people and goods from place

to place.

Mills powered by water have been used for hundreds of years. Water

flows over the wheel to turn it. The wheel turns an axle that turns

a mill wheel or another device.

1. A river brings water to a dam. The dam holds the water behind it in an artificial

lake called a reservoir.

2. Water is released through the dam. The water spins the blades of giant turbines.

3. Each turbine is connected to a generator. The turbine makes the generator spin to

produce electricity.

4. The water then flows back into the river.

WIND ENERGY

Wind mills, like water mills,

have been used for hundreds of

years. They move because of

the wind.

Wind energy is energy produced

by moving air.

Windmills used to be used to

grind grain.

Today, windmills are used to

produce electricity.

The wind’s kinetic energy causes the

turbine’s blades to move.

The generator changes this energy

of motion into electrical energy.

One wind turbine can make enough

electrical energy to power our

entire school.

Wind and Water are clean

energy sources.

They do not hurt our environment

and they are both renewable

resources.

Wind energy is

used by kites,

gliders and birds

as they fly.

Sailors capture

wind energy to

sail the seas.

Renewable Energy is our Future

One day we will run out of fossil

fuels like coal, petroleum, and

natural gas.

If we want to continue using

electricity, we must find ways to

use other sources of energy.

Fossil fuels are NONRENEWABLE.

When they are gone, they’re gone.

Water and wind are renewable

sources of energy.

Biofuels, which are made from living

things, are renewable resources

too.

Solar energy is a renewable

source of energy.

Windmills and water energy

are also renewable.

Another renewable energy source is HYDROGEN.This car has a tank filled with hydrogen

instead of gasoline.The hydrogen goes to a fuel cell, where the

Hydrogen mixes with oxygen to produce electricity.

SUMMARYWind and water are two important

sources of renewable energy. People

have long used water’s energy to move

people and things. Windmills were often

used to grind grain.

Today, we use wind energy and water

energy to drive generators.

The generators change mechanical

energy into electrical energy.