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AQA Level 1/2 Certificate

Foundation Tier

June 2014

Science: Double Award 8404/B/1F

Biology Paper 1F

Tuesday 13 May 2014 9.00 am to 10.00 am

For this paper you must have:* a ruler.

You may use a calculator.

Time allowed* 1 hour

Instructions* Use black ink or black ball-point pen.* Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.* Answer all questions.* You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write

outside the box around each page or on blank pages.* Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not

want to be marked.

Information* The marks for questions are shown in brackets.* The maximum mark for this paper is 60.* You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.* You are reminded of the need for good English and clear

presentation in your answers.

Advice* In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.

For Examiner’s Use

Examiner’s Initials

Question Mark

1

2

3

4

5

TOTAL

P76919/Jun14/E4 8404/B/1F

F

(JUN148404B1F01)

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Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) Some diseases are caused by bacteria.

The sentences are about diseases.

Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.[3 marks]

Medicines used when a person has a headache are called

antitoxins.

painkillers.

vaccines.

The type of cell that produces antibodies to kill bacteria is called a

ciliated cell.

platelet.

white blood cell.

Overuse of antibiotics has resulted in more strains of bacteria that are

bigger.

resistant.

weaker.

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1 (b) Bacteria can be grown in school laboratories.

Figure 1 shows some apparatus that can be used when growing bacteria.

Figure 1

Students doing investigations with bacteria must follow safety procedures.

Table 1 lists some safety procedures.

Give one reason for each procedure.[4 marks]

Table 1

Safety procedure Reason

Sterilise the Petri dish before it is used

Pass the wire loop, used to transfer the

bacteria, through a flame

After bacteria have been added, seal the lid

of the Petri dish with tape

Incubate the bacteria at a maximum

temperature of 25 �C

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1 (c) Some disorders are inherited.

Use the correct answer from the box to complete each sentence.[3 marks]

dominant extra infected large missing recessive

A person with polydactyly has .............................................. fingers or toes.

Polydactyly is an inherited disorder caused by an allele which is

.............................................. .

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder caused by an allele which is

.............................................. .

1 (d) A rare inherited disorder is caused by a recessive allele, d.

A man has one recessive allele for this disorder. His genetic make-up is Dd.

Give the reason why the man does not have the disorder.[2 marks]

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2 (a) Figure 2 shows a bacterial cell.

Figure 2

A

B

C

D

Table 2 shows the names of some of the structures in a bacterial cell.

Complete Table 2 by giving one letter from Figure 2 to identify each structure.[3 marks]

Table 2

Name of the structure Letter on Figure 2

Cell wall

Cytoplasm

Genes

2 (b) Name one part of a plant cell that is not found in a bacterial cell.[1 mark]

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2 (c) Cells can be specialised.

2 (c) (i) Draw one line from each cell to the description of how the cell is specialised.

One has been done for you.[3 marks]

Specialised cell How the cell is specialised

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Nerve cell (neurone)

Plant cell

Sperm cell

Fat storage cell

Has less cytoplasm and therefore

has room for a large amount of fat

Has a tail so it can swim

Has a long fibre to conduct

impulses

Has cilia to remove pathogens

Has a root hair to absorb water

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2 (c) (ii) Suggest how the shape of a root hair helps a plant to absorb water.[1 mark]

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

2 (d) (i) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.[1 mark]

Cells use energy to absorb mineral ions from very dilute

solutions by

active transport.

evaporation.

photosynthesis.

2 (d) (ii) Complete the sentences about osmosis.[3 marks]

Osmosis is the diffusion of .............................................. .

Osmosis happens across a partially permeable .............................................. .

Osmosis happens when solutions inside and outside a cell have different

.............................................. .

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3 (a) There are many different types of living organisms.

Scientists classify living organisms to show how closely related they are.

What is classification?[2 marks]

.........................................................................................................................................

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3 (b) Figure 3 shows some suggested stages in the evolution of elephants.

Figure 3

24 millionyears ago

5 millionyears ago

2 millionyears ago

Anancus

10 000years ago

Miocene Pliocene

Geological time period

Pleistocene Holocene

Today

Primelephas

Mammoth

African elephant

Asian elephant

3 (b) (i) Name the most recent species of elephant to become extinct.[1 mark]

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3 (b) (ii) Name a common ancestor of the Asian elephant and African elephant.[1 mark]

.........................................................................................................................................

3 (b) (iii) How many species of elephant were alive in the Pleistocene period?[1 mark]

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3 (c) (i) What evidence is there that animals lived millions of years ago?

Use your own knowledge.[1 mark]

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3 (c) (ii) Give two reasons why a species may become extinct.[2 marks]

1 .....................................................................................................................................

2 .....................................................................................................................................

3 (d) Charles Darwin suggested that all species of living things evolved from simple

organisms.

Darwin’s theory of evolution was not accepted for a long time.

Put ticks (P) in the table next to two sentences that explain why Darwin’s theory of

evolution was not accepted for a long time.[2 marks]

Reason Tick (3)

Scientists did not know about genes and chromosomes.

There were too many different plants and animals.

Scientists wanted more evidence before they would accept

the theory.

Photographs of the Galapagos Islands were not clear.

People could not understand his book.

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4 (a) (i) Name the part of an animal cell where aerobic respiration occurs.

Draw a ring around the correct answer.[1 mark]

cell membrane mitochondrion nucleus

4 (a) (ii) Complete the word equation for aerobic respiration.[2 marks]

........................................................ þ oxygen �! ........................................................ þ water

4 (a) (iii) Why do all living organisms need to respire?[1 mark]

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4 (b) Figure 4 shows a water flea. Water fleas are tiny pond animals. Water fleas are

about 2 mm long.

Figure 4

A student did an experiment to find out if water fleas change the concentration of

oxygen dissolved in water.

The student put some water fleas into a large test tube with water.

The student connected an electronic oxygen probe through the bung. Oxygen probes

measure the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water.

The apparatus was airtight, so no gases could move into or out of the test tube.

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The apparatus is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5

Water fleas

Oxygen monitor

Airtight bung

Oxygen probe

4 (b) (i) The student wrote down the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water when the

apparatus was set up.

After 20 minutes the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water had gone down.

Why did the dissolved oxygen concentration go down?[1 mark]

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4 (b) (ii) The student did the experiment at five different temperatures.

The student worked out the percentage (%) drop in dissolved oxygen at each

temperature over 20 minutes.

Table 3 shows the results.

Table 3

Temperature in oC 5 10 15 20 25

Drop in oxygenconcentration in % 1.0 1.4 3.0 2.8 4.2

Complete the graph in Figure 6 to show the results. Draw a line of best fit.

The first two points have been plotted for you.[2 marks]

Figure 6

10 15 2000.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

5Temperature in °C

Drop inoxygenconcentrationin %

25

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4 (b) (iii) The student looked at the graph and decided to repeat the experiment at 15 �C.

Suggest why.[1 mark]

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4 (b) (iv) The student repeated the experiment at 15 �C.

Table 4 shows the results.

Table 4

Concentration of dissolved oxygen at the start in mg per 100 cm3 700

Concentration of dissolved oxygen after 20 minutes in mg per 100 cm3 686

What is the drop in concentration of dissolved oxygen after 20 minutes?[3 marks]

.........................................................................................................................................

.............................................. mg per 100 cm3

Calculate the percentage drop in concentration of dissolved oxygen.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.............................................. %

4 (b) (v) Complete the sentence to write a conclusion for this experiment.[1 mark]

As the temperature increased, the drop in

dissolved oxygen concentration ................................................................. .

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5 Figure 7 shows an ecosystem next to a lake.

Figure 7

Lake

Small plants Bushes Trees

A scientist noticed there were different species in different parts of this ecosystem.

5 (a) (i) Describe how the scientist could use a transect to find out where different plants were

growing in this ecosystem.[5 marks]

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5 (a) (ii) Give three environmental factors, other than temperature, that affect where plants can

survive.[3 marks]

1 .....................................................................................................................................

2 .....................................................................................................................................

3 .....................................................................................................................................

5 (a) (iii) Choose one environmental factor from your list in part (a)(ii).

Describe how the scientist could find out if the factor you chose varies in the

ecosystem and whether it changes the distribution of the plants.[3 marks]

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5 (b) The scientist went back to the ecosystem six months later.

She saw some different plants that were not there on her first visit.

Suggest why different plants will grow in the ecosystem at different times in the same

year.[1 mark]

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

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5 (c) Most organisms die at temperatures above 80 �C.

Some bacteria have adapted so they can survive in very hot environments.

5 (c) (i) Give the scientific word that describes organisms which are able to survive in extreme

environments.[1 mark]

.........................................................................................................................................

5 (c) (ii) The bacteria survive because they have enzymes that can work at very high

temperatures.

Suggest one reason why it may be useful for scientists to find out about the enzymes

in these bacteria.[1 mark]

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END OF QUESTIONS

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Acknowledgement of copyright-holders and publishers

Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders have beenunsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified.

Figure 4 photograph of a water flea ª Thinkstock

Copyright ª 2014 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

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