28 March 1958, Volume 127, Number 3300

AMERICAN ASSOCIATIONFOR THE

ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE Meet

Board of DirectorsWALLACE R. BRODE, President A cc

PAUL E. KLOPSTEG, President Elect AAAS-LAURENCE H. SNYDER, Retiring President the sarPAUL M. GROSS creasedGEoRGE R. HARRISON

c

CHAUNCEY D. LEAKEcation,MARGARET MEAD need tcTHOMAS PARK comes

MINA REES And soWILLIAM W. RUBEY it provALAN T. WATERMANPAUL A. SCHERER, Treasurer TheDAEL WOLFLE, Executive Officer proper

particilDAEL WOLFLE, Executive Officer agencin

GRAHAM DUSHANE, Editor agencieJOSEPH TURNER, Assistant Editor all werROBERT V. ORMES, Assistant Editor of fact

Editorial Board To a

WALLACE R. BRODE EDWIN M. LRNER somethBENTLEY GLASS WiLLIs4 L. STRAUS, JR. each oKARL LARK-HOROVITZ EDWARD L. TATUM collect

Editorial Staff vote. AMARY L. CRAYILL, SARAH S. DENS, Lucntsz Gui- tive boNARD, NANCY S. HAMILTON, OLIVER W. HEATWOLE, the t

YUKIE KozAi, ELLEN E. MURPHY, BETHSABE PFD. ot

ERSEN, MADELINE SCHNEIDER, JACQUELYN VOLLMER, of theMARIA A. WOLSAK recomr

EARL J. SCHEAGO, Advertising Representative separatfunctic

SCIENCE, which is now combined with THE parlianSCIENTIFIC MONTHLY, is published each Fri-day by the American Association for the Advance- of Sctment of Science at Business Press, Lancaster, Pa. As aThe joint journal is published in the SCIENCEformat. Entered at the Lancaster, Pa., Post Office severalas second class matter under the Act of 3 March groups1879. SCIENCE is indexed in the Reader's Guideto Periodical Literature. agreen

Editorial and personnel-placement correspond- be leftence should be addressed to SCIENCE, 1515Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington 5, D.C. to addManuscripts should be typed with double spacing was d(and submitted in duplicate. The AAAS assumes noresponsibility for the safety of manuscripts or for ordinathe opinions expressed by contributors. For de- cametailed suggestions on the preparation of manu-scripts, book reviews, and illustrations, see Science favor,125, 16 (4 Jan. 1957).

Display-advertising correspondence should be jectioraddressed to SCIENCE, Room 740, 11 West 42 HomSt., New York 36, N.Y. CertaiiChange of address notification should be sent to

1515 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington 5, D.C., other's4 weeks in advance. If possible, furnish an addressstratioistencil label from a recent issue. Be sure to giveboth old and new addresses, including zone num- muchbers, if any. any fuAnnual subscriptions: $8.50; foreign postage, future

$1.50; Canadian postage, 75¢. Single copies, 35¢. futureCable address: Advancesci, Washington. recomi

SCIENCE

ting of Mindsonvenient property of the five problems discussed by the recent-sponsored Parliament of Science is that they all admit of muchne answer. In each case something about science needs to be in-I or improved or both-its support, its organization, its communi-, its students, its teachers. But this is just to recognize the presento help science help the nation. A balancing of other considerationsinto play in deciding upon the best means to achieve these ends.on 15, 16, and 17 March the parliament was held. And accordingly,red to be a lively, if sometimes frustrating, gathering.question of means most hotly debated was that of defining theplace of the Federal Government in research and education. Somepants urged increased federal aid. Others argued that responsibili-this area belong to the state and local governments and to privatees. But whatever position members took on this and similar matters,re at pains to distinguish between questions of policy and questionsand between their roles as citizens and their roles as scientists.arrive at a set of recommendations, the parliament, which numberedzing like 100 members, split up into five working subgroups, one for)f the problems tackled. The subgroups then reported back to the:ed assembly with sets of proposals, which were discussed and put todthough the parliament constituted a distinguished and representa-)dy of scientists and thinkers, it did not claim to speak for any groupthan itself. In fact, it spoke only for its own majority, for the rulesmeeting did not insist upon unanimous agreement. Among the finalmendations was one opposing the creation in the Government of ate Department of Science and another endorsing the coordinating:n of the National Science Foundation. The official report of thement is now in preparation and will appear in a subsequent issueence.a first effort at this kind of operation, the parliament experiencedl difficulties. One difficulty arose from the large size of the workingand the shortness of time. The result was that, in the interests of

nent, important details of how much, of where, and of when had totunspecified. Another difficulty arose from the parliament's attemptIress a very broad audience. The result was that considerable effortLevoted to saying a lot of things that most of its members wouldrily have taken for granted. The fear was that if the parliamentout in favor of A, without mentioning B, in which it was also inthen some people might interpret the omission of B as the re-nof B.w effective was the parliament in helping science help the nation?inly, it gave the participants an opportunity to benefit from eachs knowledge and experience. And certainly, it served as a demon-n that the scientific community, and in particular the AAAS, isconcerned about the problems of fostering and utilizing science. Butall evaluation of the impact of the parliament will have to awaitdevelopments. We shall have to see whether any of its more specificmendations find their way into public policy, and, if so, how theyout.-J. T.

Versatile B&L Research

Microscopes keep pace with

your progress

You never outgrow yourB&L Dynoptic Research Mi-croscope. It grows with you.Whether for routine work oradvanced research, it accom-modates the most completerange of accessories (allreadily available) for visualmicroscopy, U-V and photo-micrography.And what a pleasure to

use! Dynoptic frictionlessoperation saves effort, savestime ... assures critically fo-cused, vivid images. Controlsare positioned low for com-fortable manipulation withhand at rest on table. You re-main relaxed, at ease, foryour best work.

Find out more about yourlifetime companion in scien-tific achievement. Mail thecoupon today.

......_........ ............................-EMZl i'mlaII1II

* - - - - - - - - - .-.-.-.-

BAUSCH & LOMB OPTICAL CO.75927 St. Paul St., Rochester 2, N. Y. 3

Please send me B&L Dynoptic Research 3Microscope Catalog D-1057

Schedule a demonstration at my convenience I

NAME.----------------------------

TITLE. ,,.,-- -,,-ADDRESS ,--

CITY . ZONE. STATE .

SCIENCE, VOL. 127674

MEDICAL & LABORATORY

A TYPICAL COMBINATION OF ACCESSORIESMEDICAL & LABORATORY MICROSCOPE SM, withinclined monocular tube, mechanical stage; two-lenscondenser with swing-out upper element and irisdiaphragm; quadruple nosepiece; mirror and fork;carrying case. With optical outfit consisting ofachromats 3.5x, 10x, 45x, and 100x-oil 6x and10x eyepieces ........... $407.50

MICROSCOPE m

Leitz sets a new standard in introducing *thisgeneral purpose microscope for student andlaboratory use. The SM model embodies theadvances of design and craftsmanship that only100 years of mticroscope experience can provide.It combines solid construction and operationalease with true accuracy and precision. TheLeitz MEDICAL & LABORATORY MICROSCOPE SM

is the ideal microscope for the laboratory.Among its outstanding features are:

* Famous Leitz ball-bearing, single knob, dual.focusing control, combines fine and coarse

focusing* Handsome design, solid and dependableconstruction* Flat-surfaced stand of corrosion-resistant lightalloy* May be used turned away from observer foreasy accessibility to slide. Instant-locking device changes tubes (inclinedor straight monocular or binocular) in a one-stepoperation* Variety of object stages to choose from* Removable mirror interchanges with attach-able illuminators* Retractable spring-loaded mounts on high-powered objectives provide positive protectionagainst damage to slide or front lens.

E. Leitz, Inc., Dept. SC-3468 Fourth Avenue, New York 16, N.Y.Please send me additional information onthe SM Microscope |

NAME X

| STREET

CITY ZONE _STATEL.

21357

E. LEITZ, INC., 468 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 16, N. Y.D i s t r i b u t o r s o f -t h ew o r I d - f a m o u sp r o d u c t s ofErnst Leitz G. m. b. H., Wetzlar, Germany-Ernst Leitz Canada Ltd.

LEICA CAMERAS * LENSES IMICROSCOPES *BINOCULARS

28 MARCH 1958 707

LettersPlan for ProducingSignificant ResearchThe appearance of man-made moons,

shot up from the U.S.S.R., dramaticallyhighlights the problem of the develop-ment of new knowledge in the UnitedStates. The situation can be summed up

with the statement that the professional,as a rule, beats the amateur. In the mod-ern sense, we have neither positions nor

institutions whose primary task is to de-

velop new knowledge. Thus, we have no

professional science. We have a fairlygood training program for developingscientists, but, after they have beentrained, we have no positions for themas creative scientists. They are either em-

ployed by industry to develop commer-cial products or in medical institutionsto find a cure for some disease, or theymay obtain a teaching position at someuniversity. In all these places creative re-search occupies a secondary role. Thenet return of fundamental knowledgecompared to the talent invested is insig-nificant._ - .fS70 ..... . A.

X,....0. i f 7

w .:ffff;-D _: ....... if.,4 _ ___,__

.FfAtd _ l 0 0 0* :*. _ | 111 111 |p-=- _I|l*. ;0- __ | 1E|111Sh 0 | | l a-z Me. _* | l |-

..R. __ R R R R,t,,* ,+,-_ !_ette t Jr < ' - w-'t,+-

---Eg i i; aL Met--- X ts; -._!_st J it

AinsworthAutomatic

RECORDING ANALYTICAL

Here is a new automatic instrumentthat not only shows the weight in-stantaneously, but records weightchanges for short or long periods on an11-inch chart. Whenever the recorderpen approaches either edge of the chart,the weights are automatically added orsubtracted, as required, in 100 milli-gram increments.

This instrument is excellent for ther-mogravimetric analysis . new studiesof evaporation, oxidation, decomposi-tion, absorption, sedimentation . . orsimply drying to constant weight. Sam-ples can be placed on the balance panor suspended in a controlled environ-ment, above or below the balance. Forthe complete story, write for bulletinS-158.

BALANCE

B-1258 Ainsworth Automatic Recording Analytical Balance-complete with recorder,ballast weighs, switch weights, test weight, an extra 120-foot roll of chart paper,and instructions, for 11 5 volt, 60 cycle, AC operation. Price ... ..... $3,690.00

v BLMUMFIELD, NEW JERSY

Until recently, this method worked,but the development of the professionalscientist in the Soviet Union, placed ininstitutions whose primary object is to

develop new knowledge, renders our

present method as obsolete as was thebow and arrow when gunpowder was in-vented and applied to warfare.

Historically, there has been one exam-

ple of a professional science organizationin the United States, established byprivate funds. In 1902 the Rockefeller In-stitute for Medical Research was organ-ized for the development of new knowl-edge. In the next few years, about twelvekey men were employed to search fornew knowledge in the medical area. Eachone of these men had an appropriatenumber of associates, assistants, and tech-nical services; the administration's rolewas to create psychological and physicalconditions which would stimulate thedevelopment of new knowledge. The sal-aries paid these men were ample to pro-vide a high standard of living. The ac-

complishments of these few men, during25 years of operation under this system,changed medical history throughout theworld. To cite a few examples: D. D.van Slyke, practically singlehanded, cre-

ated the science of clinical chemistrywhich is now an integral part of medi-cine and has saved innumerable lives.Karl Landsteiner established the knowl-edge of blood-groups and immunochem-istry. This laid the foundation for bloodtransfusions and a better understandingof vaccination. The indications are thatthis fundamental work will continue toserve as a reservoir for other practicalapplications. Alexis Carrel contributedsignificantly to the field of tissue culture,from which an untold number of discov-eries were derived; the Salk vaccine isbased on this knowledge. P. A. Levene,a giant intellect, elucidated the structureof nucleic acid, which is the basic unitof heredity and viruses and which is in-volved in the synthesis of proteins. J.Loeb laid a better foundation for theunderstanding of proteins, which are thekey materials of life.

Later, this program became dilutedby a departure from the original princi-ples, resulting in a lowered productionof basic knowledge, and thus this scien-tific institution, although still outstand-ing, no longer serves as an example ofan ideal professional scientific organiza-tion. This example serves to illustrate,however, that science on a professionalbasis in a free society wsNill be highly crea-tive.The proposal which I have in mind is

to establish productive scientific studyorganizeadarnd a relatively small num-ber of unusually gifted investigators-about a hundred of them in each of tennew institutions covering various branchesof knowledge. Each one of these scientistsshould have an appropriate number ofassistants and, in addition, should have

708 SCIENCE, VOL. 127

* CAPACITY: 200 Grams* DIRECT INDICATING RANGE:-5 to + 105 Mg. on 1 1-Inch Chart

* RANGE OF AUTOMATICALLYCONTROLLED WEIGHTS: 0 to 4Grams

* SENSIBILITY RECIPROCAL: 1 Mg.(1 Division on Chart- 0.1 ")

* READABILITY: 0.1 Mg. (by esti-mation)

* REPRODUCIBILITY: Better than±0.1 Mg.

* OVERALL ACCURACY: Over 4Grams Automatic Range is ± 0.2Mg.

GLASS ABSORPTION

CELLSmade KLET

byl

kk

Makers of Complete Electrophoresus Apparatus

SCIENTIFIC APPARATUSKlett-Summerson Photoelectric Colorimeters-Colorimeters - Nephelometers - Fluorimeters-Bio-Colorimeters - Comparators - Glass Stand-ards-Klett Reagents.

Klett Manufacturing Co.179 East 87 Street, New York, New York

BIND 'EM:...and you'llfind them!

Keep your copies of SCIENCE always available forquick, easy reference in this attractive, practicalbinder. Simply snap the magazine in or out in a fewseconds-no punching or mutilating. It opens FLAT-for easy reference and readability. Studily con-

structed-holds 26 issues.

This beautiful maroon buckram binder stamped ingold leaf will make a fine addition to your library.Only $3.25 postpaid; add 50b for orders outsideU.S.A. (Personal check or money order, please.)Name of owner, 75¢ extra; year of issue, 50O extra.

SCIENCE28 MARCH 1958

* 1515 Massachusetts Ave., NW,Washington 5, D.C.

.. . for 'one dependable,

source fr research blochevnoicas'?Let NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMICALS CORPORATION be the one

answer to all your problems of quality, service, and economy

in the biochemical field.

* OVER 225 AMINO ACIDS* OVER 90 PEPTIDES

* MISCELLANEOUSBIOCHEMICALS

* VITAMINS* ENZYMES* GROWTH FACTORS

* OVER 200 NUCLEOPROTEINS,PURINES, PYRIMIDINES

* STEROID HORMONES* BIOLOGICAL SALT

MIXTURES* BIOLOGICAL TEST

MATERIALS

NUTRITIONALBIOCHEMICALSCORPORATION

21010 MIes Avenue ... Cleldo 28, Ohio

IF YOU WORK WITH

HIGH VACUUMAVOID ... FUSSING TIME

TIM IC IIDfIS TIbAC

POOR PERFORMANCE... OPERATING DIFFICULTIES

Satisfactory design and profitable opera-tion of high vacuum equipment requirespecialized knowledge and components.Even if you're already a vacuum expert,you can avoid lengthy study, tediouscalculations, and costly pitfalls by askingfor the assistance of NRC vacuumspecialists. That's the quick, sure, no-cost way to assure that you benefit fromthe lessons learned in thousands ofvacuum installations.NRC Equipment Corporation is yourone convenient source for service-provedcomponents, equipment, and systemsespecially designed for high vacuum *service, PLUS technical help in selecting 0the items which will best suit your ownneeds.,Write us today.

OEQUIPMENTI| ORPORATION

Write ForNew Catalog

Feb. 1958Over 2100 ItemsWrite Dept. 102

ONE SOURCE FORALL HIGH VACUUM

COMPON ENTSBafflesCold trapsConnectorsFiltersGaskets*Gauges*Leak detectorsSeals*ValvesPUMPS**Diffusion*Mechanical'Mechanicalbooster

EQUIPMENTAltitudechambers'Coaters**Crystal pullersExhaustsystems

**Furnaces*I mpregnatorsFreeze Driers

*New literatureavailable

**New literatureunderpreparation

A Subsidiary of National Research CorporationDept. 25-R. CHARLEMONT ST., NEWTON, MASS.

709

I

ficial barriers between research groups.On the contrary, we have been eager topresent research workers in the fieldwith opportunities to compare the sev-eral approaches, which would enablethem to select more intelligently thosebest suited for their specific objectives.Thus, on 22 November 1957, the Pro-fessional Group on Medical Electronicsof the Institute of Radio Engineers helda widely publicized symposium on ultra-violet scanning microscopy, in Philadel-phia, at which Montgomery, Bonner,and Hatke gave papers and in whichMansberg participated, to mention onlypersons cited in the letter. A paper giv-ing a comparison of flying-spot andpickup tube techniques applied to ultra-violet microscopy was included on theprogram. It is expected that these pa-pers will be published shortly in theTransactions on Medical Electronics o1the Institute of Radio Engineers.

In brief, we sympathize with Heller'sand Gournay's concern that the channelsof communication in scientific work re-main unimpeded by commercial andother considerations. However, we donot believe that our articles can be citedas evidence of the existence of such im-pediments.

V. K. ZWORYKINRadio Corporation of AmericaLaboratories, Princeton, New Jersey

I agree with Heller and Gournay thatthe "erection of artificial barriers be-tween research groups cannot but hinderthe progress of all." Indeed, this fact isfinally being realized even by many non-scientific individuals and is presently thesubject of much discussion. However,Heller and Gournay could not havepicked a more inappropriate exampleof the lack of communication betweenresearch workers. I have frequently metwith all of the people mentioned in theletter and am quite well informed onthe nature of their work and results, asthey are with my efforts. Furthermore,the value and limitations of both meth-ods of scanning (flying-spot and televi-sion-camera tube) are recognized bymost of the research workers in thisfield. In fact, it was recently (22 Novem-ber) the subject of an excellent sym-posium and panel discussion on ultra-violet scanning microscopy sponsored bythe Philadelphia chapter of the Profes-sional Group on Medical Electronics ofthe Institute of Radio Engineers.

Both articles published in the instru-ment issue of Science describe instru-ments designed for a specific purpose.Although the applications of the tech-niques described are broad in each case,it was not the intention to publish a gen-eral discussion of the field of scanninginstrumentation.

Perhaps as further evidence that the re-spective workers are intimately aware ofeach others' efforts and contributions itshould be mentioned that the automaticbacterial colony counter was developedby Carl Berkley, Y. Yamagami, and H.Mansberg. An article by these authors,describing in detail the circuit tech-niques, will be published soon (Elec-tronics, in press). One of these authors,Carl Berkley, is now associated withZworykin and Hatke and is participatingin the color-translating microscope pro-gram.

Perhaps one reason that Heller andGournay are not aware of the degree ofinterchange of ideas in this field is thefact that so many of the investigatorsare concerned with medical-electronicapplications. I believe that these scan-ning techniques will find increasing usein industrial research applications, andI look forward to seeing more publica-tion of such effort [see "Flying spottechniques and application," Du MontInstr. J. (Nov. 1957)].

Finally, I would assure them that no"legal points or competitive businesspractices" were involved either in thedesign of these instruments or in thepreparation of the articles.

H. P. MANSBERGAllen B. Du Mont Laboratories, Inc.,Clifton, New Jersey

THE SPECIES PROBLEM AAAS SYMPOSIUM VOLUME NO. 50Edited by Ernst Mayr, Harvard University

6 x 9 in., 404 pp., references, index, clothbound, October 1957

Price $8.75; special cash order price for AAAS members $7.50

The symposium was arranged by the Association of Southeastern Biolo-

gists and cosponsored by AAAS Sections F and G, as well as four other

societies. Most papers are published essentially as given in Atlanta inDecember 1955. Dr. T. M. Sonneborn, however, undertook a compre-hensive survey of the species problem in the protozoans and particularlyin the ciliates. His masterly synthesis comprising more than two-fifths ofthe volume is a fundamental contribution to the protozoan literature.

This symposium made a solid contribution toward the solution of thespecies problem. It broadened the base on which to discuss the problemby utilizing new organisms. It led to a clarification of the areas of generalagreement among biologists. It presented a clear statement of the variousspecies concepts and frankly stated and enumerated difficulties in theirapplication to different types of natural populations. Finally, it illumi-nated certain aspects of the ageless species problem that had beenneglected previously, and it attempted a statement of still controversialissues. From these papers it should be evident that the species problem isstill one of the important issues in biology.

C O N T E N T SSpecies Concepts and Definitions

Ernst Mayr, Harvard University

The Species as a Field for Gene RecombinationHampton L. Carson, Washington University

The Plant Species in Theory and PracticeVerne Grant, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden

and Claremont Graduate School

The Species Problem in Freshwater AnimalsJohn Langdon Brooks, Yale University

The Species Problem with Fossil AnimalsJohn Imbrie. Columbia University

Breeding Systems, Reproductive Methods, and Species Prob-lems in Protozoa

T. M. Sonneborn. Indiana Unircrsity

An Embryologist's View of the Species ConceptJohn A. Moore, Barnard College andColumbia University

The Species Problem from the Viewpoint of a PhysiologistC. Ladd Prosser, University of Illinois

Difficulties and Importance of Biological SpeciesErnst Mayr, Harvard University

Index

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE1515 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington 5, D.C.

28 MARCH 1958 711

VENOMSAAAS Symposium Volume No. 44

6" x 9", 480 pp., 113 illus.,index, cloth, Dec. 1956

Price $9.50. AAAS Members'cash order price $8.25

First International Conferenceon Venoms, with 95 contribu-tors from 18 countries. Com-prehensive coverage of all as-pects of the problem.

This book covers poisonous fishes andmarine organisms, many species ofvenomous snakes, the Gila monster,toads, scorpions, spiders, caterpillars,wasps and other venom-bearing insects;hyaluronidaselike substances and otherspreading factors in venoms; variouschemical components of venoms, coagu-lant and anticoagulant factors, antigenicprinciples; various experimental and sug-gested clinical uses of venoms; clinicalconsiderations: mortality rates, treat-ment of many kinds of envenomation;new developments in serotherapy andtypes of supplementary medication; dan-gers of refrigeration for treatment.

Of special interest to: Physicians,pharmacologists, chemists, and zoolo-gists.

AAAS1515 Moss. Ave., NW, Washington 5, D.C.

00000

This valuable 38-page bookis yours for the asking!

With artificial satellites already launched and spacetravel almost a reality, astronomy has become today'sfastest growing hobby. Exploring the skies with a tele-scope is a relaxing diversion for father and son alike.UNITRON's handbook contains full-page illustratedarticles on astronomy, observing, telescopes and acces-

sories. It is of interest to both beginners and advancedamateurs.

Contents include-* Observing the sun,

moon, planets andwonders of the sky

* Constellation map* Hints for observers* Glossary of telescope terms* How to choose a telescope. Amateur clubs and research

programs

S 6..

Please rush to me. free of charge, UNITRON's new ObserversIGuide and Telescope Catalog.

NamestreetCity. State

Em

MeetingsPaleontological Research

The Paleontological Research Institu-tion, a recent affiliate of the AAAS, was

founded in 1932 by the late Gilbert D.Harris of Cornell University, at Ithaca,New York. A provisional charter was

granted in 1933 by the University of theState of New York; the absolute charter,in 1936.

Since its founding in 1932, the institu-tion has made and conducted scientificexplorations, researches, investigations,and experiments. In addition to its li-brary of books and journals, it has col-lected and preserved scientific data, re-

ports, graphs, maps, and documents,making all information at its disposalavailable by publication, exhibits, lec-tures, and other means. The institutionhas held in trust and dispersed certainfunds provided for research and scholar-ships and, in general, has acted so as tostimulate interest and to increase anddisseminate scientific knowledge, withparticular reference to paleontology.The organization publishes Bulletins of

American Paleontology (octavo), now inits 38th volume, and PalaeontographicaAmericana (quarto), in its 4th volume,as well as special publications. The Bul-letins average about a volume a year on

any one phase of paleontology, althoughspecial attention has been given to thepaleontology and stratigraphy of theCenozoic of southern United States,South America, and the Caribbean area.

Palaeontographica Americana consists ofdetailed descriptive and illustrated mon-

ographs of particular groups. Emphasisis placed on well- and fully illustratedpapers.

Membership in the institution is ob-tained by election. At present about one-

fourth of the members are from countriesother than the United States. Scientistsfrom Canada; from Brazil, Colombia,and Venezuela; from Cuba, Jamaica,Trinidad, and the Dominican Republic;from Czechoslovakia, France, Germany,Norway, Sweden; and from Australia,North Africa, South Africa, and SaudiArabia are included.The society maintains headquarters at

109 Dearborn Place, Ithaca, New York.The headquarters building houses be-tween 10,500 and 11,000 type and figuredspecimens. The publication of a catalogof this material is in progress.Among its large duplicate collections

of invertebrate fossils are the Cenozoicmaterial gathered by G. D. Harris andhis students, from South America, theCaribbean, and the United States; theR. H. and D. K. Palmer collections fromthe West Coast of the United States andfrom Cuba (Bull. Am. Paleontol. 1, No.128 locality list); foraminiferal materialgathered by H. J. Plummer; Atlantic

712

Refining Company core samples fromHaiti and the Dominican Republic; andextensive collections of recent Mollusca.

This is also the headquarters for thepublications of the Cushman Foundationfor Foraminiferal Research and for thoseof the late Joseph A. Cushman and theCushman Laboratory for ForaminiferalResearch. Research is carried on at theinstitution headquarters and by the mem-bers at large, under the auspices of theorganization.

Meetings of members and trustees ofthe institution are held at its headquar-ters the first Saturday of April and Oc-tober. Election of members is held atthat time. New officers are elected atthe annual meeting in October. The busi-ness meeting is followed by an informaltalk and social gathering. A scheduledevening lecture, open to the public, isgiven by an authoritative speaker onsome subject related to geology.

KATHERINE V. W. PALMERPaleontological Research Institution,Ithaca, New York

Chemical Society's NationalMeeting

Richard Wistar, head of the Mills Col-lege department of physical sciences, isgeneral chairman of the 133rd nationalmeeting of the American Chemical So-ciety, which will be held in San Fran-cisco 13-18 April. Five thousand chem-ists and chemical engineers from allparts of the United States and severalforeign countries will take part in ses-sions sponsored by 21 scientific and tech-nical divisions of the society.

Chemical advances against disease, re-cent progress in nuclear energy, and newdevelopments in science education areamong the subjects of some 1500 reportsto be presented at the meeting. Chemicalcontributions in many other fields, suchas food processing, nutrition, agriculture,fuel, plastics, textiles, and sanitation,also will be described at more than 200half-day sessions during the week.

Glenn T. Seaborg, Nobel Prize-win-ning chemist of the University of Cali-fornia, is among the many distinguishedscientists on the program. Seaborg, whois professor of chemistry and head of theuniversity's radiation laboratory, will bechairman of a symposium on "The NewElements" sponsored by the society'sDivision of Chemical Education.

Electronic Waveguides

Internationally known specialists inelectronic waveguides will participate inthe eighth of a series of internationalsymposia presented by the MicrowaveResearch Institute of the PolytechnicInstitute of Brooklyn on 8, 9, and 10April in the auditorium of the Engineer-

SCIENCE, VOL. 127

ONLYBIOCHEMICALS

EVERY PRODUCT ANALYZEDEVERY ANALYSIS ON THE LABEL

4 TYPICALANALYSIS

WRITE FOR REFERENCE GUIDE AND PRICELIST 123 CONTAINING COMPLETE

SPECIFICATIONS OF EACH PRODUCT.

PEPTIDES * FATTY ACIDS * ENZYMES * COENZYMESANTI-METABOLITES * PYRIMIDINES * AMINO ACIDSCARBOHYDRATES * HORMONES * NUCLEO PROTEINSVITAMINS * PURINES * HORMONE INTERMEDIATESPLANT GROWTH HORMONES * MISC. BIOCHEMICALS

THE NEW, EFFICIENT

E le c t r i c

Rapidly removes theinorganic salts thatcause streaking inchromatography ande lectrophores is.

Write for XBulletin 1930Aor call your

Authorized RS-Co Dealer

2005 HOPKINS ST.

28 MARCH 1958

bEKIE.LEYT 7, CALIF.

SERVO-GRAPHIC

STRIP CHARTRECORDER

in the 10 to 100 Millivolt DC range

The principle of operation is based on

a null balancing system using a multi-turn potentiometer and servo-motor.

The simple basic design and ruggedconstruction provides utmost relia-bility. Features: long life photo-electric chopper, rectilinear record-ing, variety of chart speeds and drives,

mounts and writes horizontal or vertical,all components readily accessible.

H. STOELTING CO.N. HOMAN AVE. * CHICAGO 24, ILL.

713

PHOTO0VOLIT Lime-OperatedMultipieMr FLUORESCENCE METER

_ ~~~Mod. 540

e High-sensitivity for measurement of lo concentrations(full-scale setting for 0.001 microgram quinine sulphate)

. Micro-fluorimetry with liquid volumes as low as 1 ml* Low blank readings, strict linearity of instrument response,a Universally applicable due to groat variety of available fil-

ters, sample holders, adapters and other accessories* Interference filters for high specificity of results and for

determining spectral distribution of the fluorescent Hght. High-sensitivity nephoeomnetry for low degrees of turbiditiesi. Fluorescence evaluatio of powders, pastes, slurries, and

solids, also for spot-tests en filter paper without elutionWrite for Bulletin #392 to

95 Madison Aye. New York 16, N. Y.

Ed

for work in acontrolledatmosphere

BLICKMANVACUUM DRY BOX

Designed for safe handling ofradio-isotopes, reactor fuel con-taining Plutonium or U233 andother hazardous substances. Withair-lock, it can be sealed to createa vacuum. Fabricated of stainlesssteel plate-34" long x 26" high x24" wide at base. Air-lock meas-ures 18" x 12". Send for Techni-cal Bulletin A-2.

FOR SAFE HANDLING OFRADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

BLICKMAN FUME HOODOriginally designed and devel-oped for the AEC, this FumeHood assures maximum safety inthe handling of radioactive ma-terials and radioactive isotopes.Sturdy 14-gauge stainless steel,round corner construction pro-vides long life ... easy cleaning anddecontamination. Send for Tech-nical Bulletin E-3. S. Blickman,Inc., 6903 Gregory Avenue, Wee-hawken, N. J.

VISIT US AT: AIF AtomFair, InternationalAmphitheatre, Chicago, March 17-21,1958

BLICKMANLABORATORY EQUIPMENT

Look for this symbol of quality

714

ing Societies Building, 33 W. 39 St., NewYork. The 3-day symposium will dealwith the interaction of electromagneticfields and electron or plasma beams ingeneral wave-guide regions.The program is intended to permit re-

search scientists to compare the widelydisparate theories and techniques em-ployed to describe wave phenomenal.The symposium will endeavor to pro-vide a tutorial review of the presentstate of research as well as a forum forengineers and physicists whose interestmay range from electron tubes to iono-spheric propagation. The series of sym-posia is cosponsored by the Air ForceOffice of Scientific Research, the Officeof Naval Research, and the U.S. ArmySignal Engineering Laboratories in co-operation with the Professional Groupon Electron Devices and the ProfessionalGroup on Microwave Theory and Tech-niques of the Institute of Radio Engi-neers. There will be no admission charge.Papers at the symposium will includepresentations by physicists and engineersfrom the Academy of Sciences, U.S.S.R.;Chalmers University, Sweden; Compa-gnie Getnerale de Telegraphie Sans Fil,France; Royal Institute of Technology,Sweden; and Siemens and Halske Ak-tiengesellschaft, Munich, Germany.

Scandinavian-AmericanMeteorological MeetingThe American Meteorological Society

has been invited by the NorwegianGeophysical Society to participate in ameeting of Scandinavian and Americanmeteorologists at Bergen, Norway, tocommemorate the 40th anniversary ofthe polar front theory. Representativesof certain other countries are also be-ing invited to attend this internationalmeeting. The technical sessions are ex-pected to cover a broad spectrum ofmeteorological topics, including the gen-eral circulation of the atmosphere, cloudphysics, and related subjects, as wellas dynamical, statistical, and synopticweather prediction.

Arrangements are being made for thepresentation of a small number of in-vited American papers. Members desir-ing to present unsolicited papers shouldsubmit titles and abstracts directly toMr. Finn Pederson, Secretary, Norwe-gian Arrangements Committee, Vervars-linga, Bergen, Norway, before 15 April.

Hotel accommodations during Junein Bergen are normally in great demandby tourists. Those planning to attendshould communicate directly with Mr.Pederson as soon as possible, indicatingtypes of accommodations desired. Rob-ert M. White, Air Force Cambridge Re-search Center, is chairman of the AMSCommittee on the Scandinavian-Ameri-can Meteorological Meeting.

Forthcoming Events

April19-25. Industrial Health Conf., Atlan-

tic City, N.J. (IHC, Room 1313, 28 E.Jackson Blvd., Chicago 4, Ill.)

20-22. American Assoc. of Colleges ofPharmacy, annual, Los Angeles, Calif.(G. L. Webster, College of Pharmacy,Univ. of Illinois, 808 S. Wood St., Chi-cago, 12.)

20-22. American Soc. of Hospital Phar-macists, Los Angeles, Calif. (Mrs. G. N.Francke, 1812 Norway Rd., Ann Arbor,Mich.)

20-23. Chemical Engineering Conf.,Canada-United States, Montreal, Quebec,(H. R. L. Streight, DuPont Company ofCanada, P.O. Box 660, Montreal.)

20-23. Numerical ApproximationSymp., Madison, Wis. (R. E. Langer,Mathematics Research Center, U.S.Army, Univ. of Wisconsin, 1118 W. John-son St., Madison 6.)

20-25. American Pharmaceutical As-soc., annual, Los Angeles, Calif. (R. P.Fischelis, APA, 2215 Constitution Ave.,NW, Washington 7.)

21-22. National Assoc. of Boards ofPharmacy, Los Angeles, Calif. (R. P.Fischelis, 2215 Constitution Ave., NW,Washington 7.)

21-23. American Oil Chemists' Soc.,Memphis, Tenn. (Mrs. L. R. Hawkins,AOCS, 35 E. Wacker Dr., Chicago 1,Ill.)

21-28. American Industrial HygieneAssoc., annual, Atlantic City, N.J. (G. D.Clayton, George D. Clayton and Associ-ates, 14125 Prevost, Detroit 27, Mich.)

22-24. Electronic Components Symp.,Los Angeles, Calif. (E. E. Brewer, Con-vair, Inc., Pomona, Calif.)

23-24. Chemurgic Conf., 2nd annual,Chicago, Ill. (Council for Agriculturaland Chemurgic Research, 350 Fifth Ave.,New York 1.)

23-26. Internal Medicine, 5th internati.cong., Philadelphia, Pa. (E. R. Loveland,4200 Pine St., Philadelphia 4.)

23-27. American Assoc. of Bioanalysts,natl., New York, N.Y. (L. D. Hertert,AAB, Suite 1049, 490 Post St., San Fran-cisco 2, Calif.)

24-25. Eastern States Health EducationConf., New York (I. Galdston, New YorkAcad. of Medicine, 2 E. 103 St., NewYork 29.)

24-25. Nutrition Conf., 4th annual,Detroit, Mich. (J. M. Orten, Dept. ofPhysiological Chemistry, Wayne StateUniv., College of Medicine, 1401 RivardSt., Detroit 7.)

24-26. American Mathematical Soc.,New York. (AMS, 190 Hope St., Provi-dence 6, R.I.)

24-26. International Scientific RadioUnion, spring, Washington, D.C. (J. P.Hagen, National Acad. of Sciences, 2101Constitution Ave., NW, Washington 25.)

24-26. West Virginia Acad. of Science,annual, Morgantown. (M. Ward, Glen-ville State College, Glenville, W. Va.)

24-26. Wildflower Pilgrimage, 8th an-nual, Gatlinburg, Tenn. (A. J. Sharp,Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Tennessee,Knoxville.)

(See issue of 21 Afarch for comprehensive list)

SCIENCE, VOL. 127

-1

EquipmentThe information reported here is ob-

tained from manufacturers and fromother sources considered to be reliable.Science does not assume responsibilityfor the accuracy of the information. Acoupon for use in making inquiries con-cerning the items listed appears on page718.

* ANGULAR-ACCELERATION GENERATOR

may be continuously adjusted within itsrange by exchanging or adjusting theposition of weights and by varying thewinding of the torsion bar that powersthe generator. Widely different rangesmay be attained by replacing the torsionbar. Acceleration range is thus 0.5 to200 rad/sec2. Motion generated is pickedup by a potentiometer of 9000-ohm re-sistance. (Humphrey Inc., Dept. S958)

* DIGITAL VOLTMETER compares the inputvoltage to be measured with an inter-nally generated linear sawtooth voltagewave. When voltage coincidence occursbetween the input and the generatedreference, a pulse is generated. The timeinterval between the initiation of thesawtooth reference and the occurrenceof this pulse is proportional to the inputvoltage. The time interval is measuredand displayed by an oscillator-countercombination. Accuracy of a four-digitmodel is ± 0.01 percent with encodingrate of 98/sec. Range of 0.1 to 1000 vcan be extended to 1 mv by use of ex-ternal amplifiers. (Servonics, Inc., Dept.S961)

* ROLLER MICROMETER sorts objects byallowing them to fall between the spacedrollers into a series of bins. Spacing ofthe two rollers varies from one end tothe other so that the objects being sortedfall through the space at a location de-termined by their size. For example,with spacing differing by 0.001 in. fromone end to the other, sorting by groupsof 0.00005 in. can be achieved with goodconsistency. Fragile objects can be han-dled. (Affiliated Manufacturers Inc.,Dept. S963)

* PRESSURE TRANSDUCER is water-cooledto operate at temperatures of 5000'F orhigher. The device combines a dia-phragm and a tubular strain gage. Fre-quency response is constant to 10,000cy/sec. Accuracy is ± 1 percent of fullscale, which may be 1000 or 2000 lb/in2.(Norwood Controls Division of Amer-ican Standard, Dept. S965)

*MAGNETOSTRICTIvE STORAGE UNIT per-

mits access time of 3 [tsec. The unit con-sists of eleven 120-gsec delay lines, tenof which store a total of 600 bits at 1Mcy/sec pulse repetition frequency. Theeleventh line provides synchronization28 MARCH 1958

High-speed precision scale

saves time in research

SHADOGRAPHLgives fast, positive stop reading

...eliminates parallaxModel 4142 Shadograph is recommended for weighing cancer

tissue and tumors. Fully-enclosed weigh pan, easily removablefor sterilization, is readily accessible through a clear plasticdoor. Unaffected by air currents. Weight indication by a lightprojection system gives fast, precise reading. Operates on 110volts, 60 cycles. Rated capacity 15 grams; visible sensitivityto 5 milligrams. Movable dial viewer for 5 rows of graduations,each row 3 grams by 5 milligram graduations. Weight range

selector has 5-notch beam corresponding to dial chart. Writefor complete data and specifications.

SMALL ANIMAL SCALEModel 4203B-TC-SA recommended for fast,precise weighing of mice, chicks, frogs andsmall rats. Dial graduated in two columns:0-30 grams and 15-45 grams in incrementsof 0.5 gram. Dial shutter with outside con-trol to close off dial column not in use. Beam100 grams by 1 gram. Other models up to 3kilos, 350 milligram sensitivity for rats, ham-sters and guinea pigs.

CENTRIFUGE BALANCEModel 4206B-TC also for general laboratoryuse and small-animal weighing. Has tarecontrol knob to zero the dial, or position forover-and-under reading. Capacity 3 kilos;sensitivity to 350 milligrams. Dial is grad-uated 0-100 grams in increments of 1 gram.Beam 500 grams by 5 grams.

THE EXACT WEIGHT SCALE CO.901 W. FIFTH AVE., COLUMBUS 8, OHIO Exact

In Canada: P.O. Box 179, Station S, Toronto 18, Ont. Weight

Find us in C

Sales and Service Coast to Coast your local \'Yellow Pages

715