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Unit 4 Chapter 1 Notes.notebook
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Science 10: Mar 25th1. Starting Unit 4: Weather2. Lesson on the Biosphere and Climate
Unit 4 Chapter 1 Notes.notebook
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Chapter One
Climate and Biosphere
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Climate vs Weather
Climate refers to the average weather conditions that occur in a region over a long period of time (long term).
Weather refers to the conditions of temperature, air pressure, cloud cover, precipitation, and humidity at a particular place at a particular time (short term).
When we listen to the radio and we hear the forecast of temperature, are they referring to weather or climate?
Why is it important to know about the Earth's climate?
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1.1 EarthOur Biosphere
In science 10, we are going to focus on a specific portion of the Earth referred to as the biosphere which is a thin layer of Earth that has conditions suitable for supporting life (life + physical environment). It can be further subdivided into the:
1) Atmosphere: this can be divided into altitudes:a) Troposphere (most life exists here)b) Stratosphere (little life)c) Mesosphere (no life)d) Thermosphere (no life)
2) Lithosphere3) Hydrosphere
Why is the ozone good?
ozone
Let's draw it.
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Atmosphere
The atmosphere is a layer of gases that surround the Earth. It exists over 500 km from Earth’s surface.
The atmosphere is composed of the following gases: 78% N2 (needed for nitrogen fixation)21% O2 (needed for cellular respiration)1% other gases
It also contains atmospheric dust which is any suspended solid particles less than 0.66 mm; can be living or nonliving.
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Lithosphere
The lithosphere is the solid portion of Earth (rocks, minerals and elements). This is where a lot of life exists (microorganisms, plants, and animals). The lithosphere floats above semifluid portion of upper mantle, but part of it exists below the surface.
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Hydrosphere
The hydrosphere refers to all water on Earth whether solid, liquid, or gas. Almost all of the water on Earth exists as salt water (97%).
What does the following statement mean?
The quantity of water remains the same but the quality of water changes.
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Altitude and Temperature
Higher altitudes are usually the coldest. On a rare occasion an inversion can happen which is a reversal of normal temperature patterns seen in the troposphere. This usually occurs near the mountains and can be caused by pollutants.
Pollutants!
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Section Questions:Page 348 #113
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1.2 Climate
Which area of the world has more people? Why?
Which area of the world has more tourism? Why?
Which area of the world has to pay more for food? Why?
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Climate Affecting Organisms
Climate determines what organisms can survive in an environment. Some animals are able to adapt which means that there is a change in structure or functioning of an organism that makes it more suited to its environment. This does not happen over night.
PlantsAlberta: must survive the seasonal changes. Dormancy
occurs in winter to protect itself.Tropics: grow year round
AnimalsAlberta: grizzlies put on fat during summer to become
extremely inactive in the winterTropics: Green iguanas, have skin to protect it from rains
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Climate Change
Climate change refers to the change that occurs in a climate of a region over time (min 30 years). Today's climate is increasing, we know this because of:
1) Anecdotal evidence which is reports from people about particular weather events and how they interpret these events changing over time.2) Scientific evidence is evidence collected in a manner that, as much as possible, ensures it is unbiased and that reflects general situations, instead of just particular events.
Zero means there is no change in temperature
Section Questions:Page 355 #113
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