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School of Politics and International Relations

Module Outline

Africa and International Politics POL372 2013-14

Module Convenor(s): Dr Sophie Harman Teaching Team: Dr Clive Gabay, Dr Sophie Harman, Dr Robbie Shilliam and Dr David Williams Contact Details Clive Gabay c.gabay@qmul.ac.uk Office 2.20a, 2nd Floor Arts One Office Hours: Tuesday 1-2pm and Thursday 10-11am Sophie Harman s.harman@qmul.ac.uk Office 2.20b, 2nd Floor Arts One Office Hours: Thursday 10-11am and Friday 11-12pm Robbie Shilliam r.shilliam@qmul.ac.uk Office 2.15, 2nd Floor Arts One Office Hours: Monday 11-12pm and Weds 12-1pm David Williams david.williams@qmul.ac.uk Office 2.27b, 2nd Floor

Arts One Office Hours: Monday 11-12pm and 11-12pm Thursday

Timetable: Lectures: Thursday 2-2.50pm Seminars: Thursday 3-3.50pm; 4-4.50pm; 5-5.50pm.

Friday 10-10.50am; 12-12.50pm

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Welcome from convenor Africa has consistently been ignored by many of the major social science disciplines. Many of the major theoretical traditions in international relations treat Africa as either irrelevant to great power politics, or as simply an effect of great power or class domination. This module aims to introduce you to Africa's international relations, African-centric perspectives which challenge traditional academic approaches and seeks to locate Africa's fate not merely in processes of imperial domination but also in African social and class configurations themselves. This is a distinct approach which centres the teaching of Africa on the continent itself, rather than exclusively on what external actors are doing to it. This is not to dismiss the influence of external actors and processes, but to reveal the many cases of where this distinction between the external and internal in Africa has limited utility in explaining events and processes on the continent. The module focuses on the historical and social processes which have underpinned the development of states and societies in sub-Saharan Africa, their engagement with each other, and their engagement with the world. The first part of the module will seek to explore how international relations understands African politics and how Africa challenges some of the ways in which we think about international relations. This part of the module will provide a specific focus on concepts of collective security, sovereignty, and humanitarianism. The second part of the module will apply such conceptions to understanding a range of contemporary issues pertinent to the continent such as post-conflict politics, HIV/AIDS, land rights, China and pan-African regionalism. By the end of the course you will be able to apply different theoretical conceptions of international relations to Africa and be able to debate the relevance of such conceptions to the study of the continent with specific reference to the state and society in Africa. You will be able to demonstrate knowledge of a variety of issues pertaining to Africa's international relations and how these issues relate to perspectives on Africa, African agency, and the position of the continent in the international system. You will also be able to develop and deploy specialised knowledge on specific countries within the continent by developing a country focus as part of the first assessment. I will be teaching all of the seminars so you’ll see me every week. Do feel free to ask me any questions about the course content, where you can learn more, and if I can help explain anything you don’t understand either in class or in my office hours. Sophie 1. Teaching and Learning Profile

a) Teaching Arrangements

This module is taught by a combination of lectures and seminars. There will be 1 lecture and 1 seminar a week that you must attend. The lecture will be on a Thursday 2-3pm. The lecture will be delivered by a combination of lecturers – Clive Gabay, Sophie Harman, Robbie Shilliam, and David Williams. All seminars will be taught by Sophie Harman. Seminars will take place between 3-6pm on Thursdays. You will be allocated a seminar at the beginning of term. Please attend the seminar you have been allocated to. Please note you cannot swap seminar groups unless there is a justified reason and this has been approved and arranged by the main Politics and International Relations office.

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Seminars will involve a combination of presentations, group work, group debate and discussion. It is vital you read and prepare for the seminars; failure to do so may result in you being asked to leave the seminar. When doing your reading and preparation for seminars keep the seminar questions in mind. After finishing your reading jot down some notes or thoughts in response to the questions posed. This will help focus your thinking and prepare your contribution to the class discussion.

b) Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria (i) Knowledge

Critically engage with the position of Africa in international relations theory and practice Develop knowledge on a range of contemporary issues - for example post-conflict and aid -

affecting the international relations of Africa Identify and debate the role of different actors and processes involved in the international

relations of Africa

(ii) Skills

Articulate persuasive arguments that integrate empirical and theoretical material and enable constructive and critical discussion.

Apply advanced understanding to criticism of theories of international relations to understanding African politics

Synthesise research from contemporary African studies, development studies, and International Relations

c) Attendance

Attendance at all Lectures and Seminars is compulsory. Persistent non-attendance can lead to de-registration, which can affect your overall classification or prevent your studying further with Queen Mary.

If you are absent due to ill health you should contact the module tutor and the office. If you are absent from Queen Mary for more than 5 days you must supply a doctor’s note.

If you are having serious problems with your health or anything else which is preventing you participating in seminars and/or producing coursework, please contact your tutor, your advisor, the senior tutor or the student support manager in the School office. We will always want to assist anyone who is in genuine need of assistance, but you must help us to help you by keeping us informed.

d) Participation/Preparation

This handbook details the topics covered each week. You should use the reading lists provided to help you prepare for lectures and seminars.

You can only demonstrate reading and thinking through making regular contributions to class discussions.

If you fail to read or prepare for a seminar without reason you will be asked to leave a seminar.

e) Communication You must read your Queen Mary email for any communications about teaching

daily. The School will not use any other email but that supplied by the Queen Mary. Failure to respond to email messages, particularly regarding non-attendance, may lead to de-registration.

You must check this Moodle site for this module for any messages and associated learning material.

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2. Assessment Profile and Timetable for feedback

a) Assessment

This module will be assessed by two pieces of coursework: 1. Country Case Study - due Thursday 7th November; and 2. Essay – due Monday 20th December Country Case Study Report – 40% Prepare a 2000 word Country Case Study Report on Sovereignty

Choose one country that interests you in Africa.

Write a report on sovereignty in this country to be presented at the African Union.

Questions to consider:

- What, if any, are the challenges to state sovereignty?

- How are these challenges met?

- What is the role of international law and international agencies in addressing this?

To include:

- Brief history of sovereignty in this state

- Definition of sovereignty and its context in Africa and IR

- Contemporary challenges

- Overview of solutions and potential allies/partnerships

- What you want, if anything, the AU to do about it

- Full bibliography and references

To think about:

- Conceptions of sovereignty in and on Africa

- Modern history of use and abuse of sovereignty in the region

- International law, international agencies

- Regional relationships

- Identity

The report must be 2000 words, formatted as a report with useful headings to guide the reader, and must be double or 1.5 spaced. Deadline: Thursday 7th November

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Essay – 60% The essay must be 3000 words in length and double or 1.5 line spaced. As a guide the essay should contain approximately 15 academic references, e.g. journal article, book or chapter in a book and be fully referenced throughout. Your essay must be in response to one of the questions listed in 2.e). Deadline: Monday 20th December b) Submission of coursework

You must submit one electronic copy of all assignments. Your electronic copy must be submitted via Queen Mary’s Virtual Learning environment (QMPlus) by midnight on the day of the stated deadline. The School has a policy of anonymous marking. Your name must not appear anywhere on your work. Therefore, you must ensure that you use the coursework coversheet as the first page of your assignment. Any coursework work submitted which does not have a coversheet attached may NOT be marked. Coversheets can be downloaded from the Undergraduate shared area of QMPlus and through individual QMPlus module areas Your electronic copy must be submitted by midnight on the deadline date, and will be retained and screened by anti-plagiarism software. REMEMBER: Save your assignment with coversheet and bibliography as a single document

(preferably as a PDF) before uploading to QMPlus Complete the coversheet with your Student ID, Module Code, Assignment number

and Seminar Tutor Your assignments must be submitted by midnight on the deadline date Save back-up copies of all your work in case of computer failure. It is your responsibility to submit your assignments correctly.

(Full details of submission policies can be found in the School’s Student Handbook.)

c) Extensions

If you require an extension due to extenuating circumstances (EC), you must complete the relevant EC form and attach documentation to support your request. Completed forms and documentation should be handed into the Office. Full details can be found in the Student Handbook. Essays submitted 14 days after the deadline – including weekends – will not be assessed and will be given a mark of zero.

d) Essay Advice

- Information of footnoting and essay writing can be found in the Student Handbook.

- All students are encouraged to prepare essay plans to discuss with a member of the teaching team by reading week. Please come and see us even if you are

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unsure as to how your essay is coming together, you are feeling super-confident, or even a bit lost – we are here to help you!

e) Essay Questions 2013-14

1. “Abolition set Africans free”. Discuss

2. What challenges was Pan-Africanism supposed to address? Is Pan-Africanism still relevant?

3. “The International Criminal Court is proof that international law can protect Africans”. Do you agree?

4. Assess Mahmood Mamdani's claim that there has been a politics to the truth of the South

African TRC.

5. "Identity is a knife": Must tribal identities be repressed in order for African states to avoid internal violent conflict? Discuss with reference to at least three countries.

 6. What does the global AIDS response tell us about representations of Africans in international

politics?

7. Is conflict over land reform in Africa ‘the result of opportunistic politicisation of identity’ (Higgins and Clover)?

8. Is China’s growing involvement in Africa just another form of ‘neo-colonialism’? 3. QMPlus (QM+) All module materials, including a copy of this module outline can be found on QMPlus. You should familiarise yourself with QMPlus as soon as possible as further information concerning this module and office hours will be posted there. To access QMPlus (on or off campus) go to http://qmplus.qmul.ac.uk/. You will require your QM computer access username and password. You should also use QMPlus to upload the electronic version your assignments. If you are having problems accessing/using QMPlus support and information can be found on the following website - http://qmplus.qmul.ac.uk/mod/page/view.php?id=85646 Equally you can contact the School Office who may be able to offer assistance. NOTE: If you have not completed your module registration properly your modules will not show on QMPlus. It is up to you to ensure you complete registration and check QMplus regularly. 4. Plagiarism QM defines plagiarism as presenting someone else’s work as one’s own irrespective of intention. Close paraphrasing, copying from the work of another person, including another student, using the ideas of another person, without proper acknowledgement or repeating work you have previously submitted without properly referencing yourself (known as ‘self-plagiarism’) also constitute plagiarism.’ – Regulations on Assessment Offences Plagiarism is a serious offence and all students suspected of plagiarism will be subject to an investigation. If found guilty, penalties can include failure of the module to suspension or permanent

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withdrawal from Queen Mary. It is your responsibility to ensure that you understand plagiarism and how to avoid it. The recommendations below can help you in avoiding plagiarism.

Be sure to record your sources when taking notes, and to cite these if you use ideas or, especially, quotations from the original source. Be particularly careful if you are cutting and pasting information between two documents, and ensure that references are not lost in the process.

Be sensible in referencing ideas – commonly held views that are generally accepted do not always require acknowledgment to particular sources. However, it is best to be safe to avoid plagiarism.

Be particularly careful with quotations and paraphrasing. Be aware that technology is now available at Queen Mary and elsewhere that can

automatically detect plagiarism. Ensure that all works used are referenced appropriately in the text of your work and fully

credited in your bibliography. If in doubt, ask for further guidance from your adviser or module tutor. See your student handbook for further advice. 5. Lecture Schedule Week Lecture Seminar 1 Thursday 26th September Africa and International Politics

(SH) Introduction and Organisation

2 Thursday 3rd October Africa and Collective Security (RS)

Africa and International Politics

3 Thursday 10th October

Humanitarianism (RS) Africa and Collective Security

4 Thursday 17th October Sovereignty and International Law (RS)

Humanitarianism

5 Thursday 24th October The Sovereignty Challenge (DW)

Sovereignty and International Law

6 Thursday 31st October Post-Conflict: Truth and Reconciliation (CG)

The Sovereignty Challenge

7 Thursday 7th November READING WEEK No Lecture

READING WEEK No Seminar

8 Thursday 14th November Post-Conflict: State and Nation Building (CG)

Post-Conflict: Truth and Reconciliation

9 Thursday 21st November AIDS: A Global African Problem? (SH)

Post-Conflict: State and Nation Building

10 Thursday 28th November Land: Rights, Ownership and Grabbing (SH)

AIDS: A Global African Problem?

11 Thursday 5th December China and Africa (DW) Land: Rights, Ownership and Grabbing

12 Thursday 12th December Pan Africanism Then and Now (CG)

China and Africa

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6. Reading

a) Core Texts Christopher Clapham, Africa and the International System William Brown and Sophie Harman, African Agency and International Politics Padraig Carmody, The New Scramble for Africa Ian Taylor and Paul Williams, Africa in International Politics Kevin C. Dunn and Timothy M. Shaw, eds, Africa’s challenge to International Relations theory Scarlett Cornelissen, Fantu Cheru and Timothy M. Shaw, eds, Africa and International Relations in the 21st century Tom Young, Readings in African Politics Pinar Bilgin, ‘Thinking past “western” IR?’, Third World Quarterly 29: 1, 2008 Branwen Gruffydd Jones, ed., Decolonizing International Relations Mahmood Mamdani, Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism Achille Mbembe, On the Postcolony Crawford Young, The Postcolonial State in Africa: 50 years of Independence 1960-2010 J.F. Bayart, The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly

b) Queen Mary library E-Journals

There are a number of excellent Africanist journals which it is recommended you familiarise yourself with. Not all of these are held at Queen Mary, so it is highly recommended that you join the Senate House Library as soon as possible. Journals you should consult include African Affairs (held at QMUL), African Affairs, Review of African Political Economy, Journal of Modern African Studies, Politikon, and Journal of Southern African Studies. If you join Senate House you will be able to access all of these journals online.

c) Internet Sources/Useful Websites

www.pambazuka.org provides contemporary critical analysis of African news and politics www.newafricanmagazine.com is a more august current affairs periodical with features and analysis by Africans of power and influence. www.allafrica.com draws together reporting from newspapers and newswires across Africa. You can sign up to a daily email-digest of country-specific, pan-African of thematic news.

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WEEK 1: Africa and International Politics (SH) Seminar Questions:

How is Africa understood in International Relations? How is International Relations understood in Africa? What does this suggest about the theory and practice of international relations?

Essential Reading Gruffydd Jones, B. (2005). ‘Africa and the poverty of international relations’ Third World Quarterly 26(6):987-1003 Harman, S. and Brown, W. (2013). ‘In from the margins? The changing place of Africa in International Relations’ International Affairs 89(1):69-87 Further Reading Bilgin, P. (2008). ‘Thinking past ‘western’ IR?’ Third World Quarterly 29(1): 5-23 Brown, W. (2006). ‘Africa and International Relations: a comment of IR theory, anarchy and statehood’ Review of International Studies 32(1): 119-43 Brown, W. (2012). ‘A question of agency: Africa in international politics’ Third World Quarterly 33(10): 1889-1908 Brown, W. and Harman, S. (eds). (2013). African Agency in International Politics (London: Routledge) Bryceson, D.F. (2012). ‘Discovery and denial: social science theory and interdisciplinarity in African studies’ African Affairs 111(443): 281-302 Carmody, P. (2011). The new scramble for Africa (Cambridge: Polity) Chabal, P. (2009). Africa: the politics of suffering and smiling (London: Zed Books) Clapham, C. (1996). Africa and the International: the politics of state survival (Cambridge: CUP) Comaroff, J. and Comaroff, J.L. (2012) Theory from the South; Or, how Euro-America is Evolving Toward Africa (Boulder Co: Paradigm) Cornelissen, S. (2009). ‘Awkward embraces: emerging and established powers and the shifting fortunes of Africa’s international relations in the twenty-first century’ Politikon 36(1); 5-26 Cornelissen, S., Cheru, F., and Shaw, T. (eds) (2012). Africa and International Relations in the 21st Century (Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan) Death, C. (2013). ‘Governmentality at the limits of the international: African politics and Foucauldian theory’ Review of International Studies 39(3): 763-787 Dunn, K.C. and Shaw, T. (eds). (2001). Africa’s challenge to International Relations theory (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan) Ferguson, J. (2007). Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order (London: Duke University of California Press)

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Gruffyd Jones, B. (ed) (2006). Decolonising International Relations (Lanham MD: Rowman and Littlefield) Lavelle, K. (2005). ‘Moving in from the periphery: Africa and the study of international political economy’ Review of International Political Economy 12(2):364-379 Lemke, D. (2011). ‘Intra-national IR in Africa’ Review of International Studies 37(1): 49-70 Lemke, D. (2003) ‘African lessons for International Relations research’ World Politics 56(1): 114-138 Martin, W.G. (2008). ‘Africa’s futures: from North-South to East-South?’ Third World Quarterly 29(2):339-356 Nkiwane, T.C. (2001). ‘Africa and International Relations: regional lessons for a global discourse’ International Political Science Review 22(3): 279-290 Poku, N. and Mdee, A. (2011). Politics in Africa: a new introduction (London: Zed Books) Taylor, I. and Williams, P. (eds). (2004). Africa in International Politics: external involvement on the continent (London: Routledge) Taylor, I. (2010). The International Relations of sub-Saharan Africa (London: Continuum) Tickner, J. A. and Waever, O. (eds) (2009). International Relations Scholarship Around the World (London: Routledge) Young, T. (1995). ‘A project to be realised: global liberalism and contemporary Africa’ Millennium 24(3):527-546 WEEK 2: Africa and Collective Security (RS) Seminar Questions:

What has collective security meant for African politicians, and how has its meaning or politics shifted over time?

“Africa is a threat to global collective security.” Would Selassie I and/or Nkrumah agree? Essential Reading: Haile Selassie I, “Appeal to the League of Nations”, 1936 https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/selassie.htm Kwame Nkrumah, “Speech to the first Organization of African Unity conference”, 1963, http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=275088 Robert Kaplan, “The Coming Anarchy”, The Atlantic, Feb 1994 Further Reading: Alfred Zimmern, “The Testing of the League.” Foreign Affairs 14, no. 3 (1936) Weisbord, Robert G. “British West Indian Reactions to the Italian-Ethiopian War: An Episode in Pan-Africanism.” Caribbean Studies 10, no. 1 (1970): 34–41.

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Scott, W. R. Sons of Sheba’s Race: African-Americans and the Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-41. John Wiley & Sons, 1993. Young, Robert Alexander. “The Ethiopian Manifesto.” In The Ideological Origins of Black Nationalism, edited by Sterling Stuckley, 30–38. Boston: Beacon Press, 1972. Haile Selassie, "Towards African Unity: Acceptance speech of Chair of OAU", 1963 http://www.blackpast.org/?q=1963-haile-selassie-towards-african-unity Ethiopia at Bay: A Personal Account of the Haile Selassie Years By John Hathaway Spencer (Tsehai Publishers, 2006) Ama Biney, "The Legacy of Kwame Nkrumah in Retrospect", Journal of Pan African Studies 2 (3), 2008 http://www.jpanafrican.com/docs/vol2no3/LegacyOfKwameNkrumah.pdf Garvey, Marcus. Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey or Africa for the Africans; Two Vols in One. Edited by Amy Jacques Garvey. London: Frank Cass, 1967. Ali A. Mazrui, "The United Nations and Some African Political Attitudes", International Organization 18 (3), 1964 H. Solomon and J. Cilliers, "Southern Africa and the Quest for Collective Security", Security Dialogue 1997 vol. 28 no. 2 191-205 Audie Klotz, Norms in International Relations: The Struggle Against Apartheid (Cornell University Press, 1995) E.C. Luck & T.T. Gati, "Whose collective security?", The Washington Quarterly, 15 (2), 1992 David J. Francis, Uniting Africa: Building Regional Peace And Security Systems, Ashgate 2006 Mohammed Ayoob, The Third World Security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict, and the International System, Lynne Rienner, 1995 P.D. Williams, “From Non-Intervention to Non-Indifference: The Origins and Development of the African Union's Security Culture”, African Affairs 106/423 (2007) Kristiana Powell and Thomas Kwasi Tieku, "Africa: Towards Durable Peace", International Journal 60 (4), 2005 Richards, P. 1996. Fighting For the Rain Forest: War, Youth and Resources in Sierra Leone. Oxford: James Curry, especially introduction. Duffield, MR. 'Getting Savages to Fight Barbarians: Development, Security and the Colonial Present', Conflict, Security and Development, 5 (2), 2005

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WEEK 3: African Slavery, Abolition and Humanitarianism (RS) Seminar Questions:

Who abolished slavery? What is the link between humanitarianism, abolitionism and colonialism? “Humanitarianism is a force for good in Africa.” Discuss.

Essential Reading: Erna Brodber, “Liberation Thought and Action 1789-1900”, in The Continent of Black Consciousness (London: New Beacon Books, 2003) Susanne Miers, “Slavery and the Slave Trade as International Issues 1890–1939.” Slavery & Abolition 19, no. 2 (1998): 16–37. Commission for Africa, Our Common Interest: Report of the Commission for Africa 2005, http://www.commissionforafrica.info/wp-content/uploads/2005-report/11-03-05_cr_report.pdf (ONLY read “The Argument” chapter) Further Reading: Beckles, Hilary (2007) "The Wilberforce Song: How Enslaved Caribbean Blacks Heard British Abolitionists", Parliamentary History, 26(Supplement), pp.113-126. Hutton, Clinton. 2007. “The Creative Ethos of the African Diaspora: Performance Aesthetics and the Fight for Freedom and Identity.” Caribbean Quarterly 53 (1): 127–149. Fredrickson, George M. Black Liberation: A Comparative History of Black Ideologies in the United States and South Africa. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Klotz, Audie. 2002. “Transnational Activism and Global Transformations: The Anti-Apartheid and Abolitionist Experiences.” European Journal of International Relations 8 (1) (March 1): 49 –76. Asiegbu, Johnson. 1969. Slavery and the Politics of Liberation 1787-1861: A Study of Liberated African Emigration and British Anti-Slavery Policy. New York: Africana Pub. Corp. Michael Barnett, Empire of Humanity: A History of Humanitarianism (Cornell University Press, 2013) Quirk, Joel. 2011. The Anti-Slavery Project: From the Slave Trade to Human Trafficking. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Fieldhouse, H.N. “Noel Edward Buxton, The Anti-Slavery Society and British Policy With Respect to Ethiopia, 1932-1944.” Historical Papers / Communications Historiques 7, no. 1 (1972): 287–312. Miers, Suzanne. “Britain and the Suppression of Slavery in Ethiopia.” Slavery & Abolition 18, no. 3 (1997): 257–288. Miers, Suzanne. “Humanitarianism at Berlin: Myth or Reality?” In Bismarck, Europe, and Africa: The Berlin Africa Conference 1884-1885 and the Onset of Partition, edited by S. Förster, Wolfgang J. Mommsen, and Ronald Robinson, 333–345. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

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Cooke, Raymond, M. “British Evangelicals and the Issue of Colonial Self-Government.” Pacific Historical Review 34, no. 2 (1965): 127–140. Heartfield, James. The Aborigines’ Protection Society: Humanitarian Imperialism in Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Canada, South Africa, and the Congo, 1837-1909. London: Hurst & Company, 2011. Laidlaw, Zoë. “Heathens, Slaves and Aborigines: Thomas Hodgkin’s Critique of Missions and Anti-slavery.” History Workshop Journal 64, no. 1 (September 21, 2007): 133–161. Lord Lugard. “Slavery in All Its Forms.” Africa 6, no. 01 (1933): 1–14. Alan Lester, "Obtaining the `due observance of justice': the geographies of colonial humanitarianism", Environment and Planning D, 20, 2002 pp.277-293 Mahmood Mamdani, "Darfur, ICC and the New Humanitarian Order", Pambazuka News 396, 2008 http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/50568 Julie Gallagher, “Healing The Scar? Idealizing Britain in Africa, 1997-2007”, African Affairs 108 (432), 2009 Rita Abrahamsen, "Blair's Africa: The Politics of Securitization and Fear", Alternatives 30 (2005) David Booth, The Africa Commission Report: What about the Politics? (ODI, 2005) http://sarpn.org/documents/d0001486/P1838-CFA_Booth.pdf WEEK 4: Africa and International Law (RS) Seminar Questions:

What is the relationship between international law and the colonisation of the African continent?

Is the ICC racist? Essential Reading: Siba N. Grovogui, "Regimes of Sovereignty: International Morality and the African Condition", European Journal of International Relations 8 (3), 2002 “General Act of the Conference of Berlin Concerning the Congo”, The American Journal of International Law 3 (1), 1909 Solomon Dersso, "The International Criminal Court's Africa Problem", Al Jazeera 2013, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/06/201369851918549.html Further Reading: Oppenheim, Lassa. International Law: A Treatise. Edited by Ronald F. Roxburgh. Vol. 1. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Lawbook Exchange, Ltd, 1920. John A. Kasson, "The Congo Conference and the President's Message", The North American Review 142 (351), 1886 George Shepperson, "The Centennial of the West African Conference of Berlin, 1884-1885", Phylon 46 (1), 1985

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Jeffrey Herbst, "The Creation and Maintenance of National Boundaries in Africa", International Organization 43 (4), 1989 Allain, Jean. “Slavery and the League of Nations: Ethiopia as a Civilised Nation.” Journal of the History of International Law 8 (2006): 213–244. Ladarola, Antoinette. “Ethiopia’s Admission Into the League of Nations: An Assessment of Motives.” International Journal of African Historical Studies 8, no. 4 (1975): 601–622. Gong, Gerrit W. The Standard of “Civilization” in International Society. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984. Keene, Edward. Beyond the Anarchical Society: Grotius, Colonialism and Order in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Bowden, Brett. “The Colonial Origins of International Law: European Expansion and the Classical Standard of Civilization.” Journal of the History of International Law 7 (2005): 1–23. Anghie, Antony. Imperialism, Sovereignty, and the Making of International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Anghie, Antony. “The Evolution of International Law: Colonial and Postcolonial Realities.” Third World Quarterly 27, no. 5 (2006): 739–753. Anghie, Antony, and B. S. Chimni. “Third World Approaches to International Law and Individual Repsonsibility in Internal Conflicts.” Chinese Journal of International Law 2 (2003): 77–104. Knox, Robert. “Civilising Interventions? Race, War and International Law.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs 26, no. 1 (2013): 11–132. Paul Lauren, Power and Prejudice: The Politics and Diplomacy of Racial Discrimination (Westview, 1996), chs.4 & 6 (on Apartheid and the United Nations) R.H. Jackson, Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World, Cambridge University Press 1990 S. Grovogui, Sovereigns, Quasi Sovereigns, and Africans: Race and Self-determination in International Law (University of Minnesota Press, 1996) S. Grovogui, Beyond Eurocentrism and Anarchy: Memories of International Order and Institutions (Palgrave, 2006) Mahmood Mamdani, Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism (Princeton University Press, 1996) U. O. Umozurike, "The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights", The American Journal of International Law 77 (4), 1983 Various recent discussions on ICC, African Union and Kenya: http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=AU+resolution+on+ICC

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WEEK 5: The Sovereignty Challenge (DW) Seminar Questions:

To what extent is the ‘sovereignty’ of African states different from that of developed states? Why is the question of ‘sovereignty’ important for Africa states? Does foreign aid undermine ‘sovereignty?

Essential Reading R.H. Jackson, Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World, Cambridge University Press 1990, especially chapter 1 and 2. W. Brown, ‘Sovereignty Matters: Africa, Donors and the aid relationships’, African Affairs 112 (2013). Further Reading: B. Chalfin, ‘Working the Border in Ghana: Technologies of Sovereignty and it’s others’, (available on QMPLUS). C. Clapham, Africa and the International System: The Politics of State Survival, especially chap. 8, but also chaps 1 and 3. C. Clapham, ‘Degrees of Statehood’, Review of International Studies 24 (2) 1998. A. Fraser and L. Whitfield, ‘The Politics of Aid: African Strategies for Dealing with Donors’, GEG Working Paper 2008 (available on QMPLUS). S. Grimm, ‘Aid Dependence as a Limitation to National Development Policy: The Case of Rwanda’, in William Brown and Sophie Harman, African Agency and International Politics A. Goldsmith, ‘Foreign Aid and Statehood’, International Organization 55 (1) 2001. S. Grovogui, ‘Sovereignty in Africa: Quasi-States and Other Myths in International Theory’, in Kevin C. Dunn and Timothy M. Shaw, eds, Africa’s challenge to International Relations theory. G. Harrison, The World Bank and Africa: The Construction of Governance States, especially chaps 2 and 3. G. Harrison, ‘Post-Conditional Politics and Administrative Reform: Reflections on the cases of Uganda and Tanzania’, Development and Change 32 (4) 2001. R. Jackson and C. Rosberg, ‘Sovereignty and Underdevelopment: Juridical Statehood in the African Crisis’, Journal of Modern African Studies 24(1) 1986. D. Plank, ‘Aid, Debt and the End of Sovereignty: Mozambique and its Donors’, Journal of Modern African Studies 31(3) 1993. L. Whitfield, ‘Trustees of Development from Conditionality to Governance: Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers in Ghana’, Journal of Modern African Studies 43 (4) 2005 D. Williams, The World Bank and Social Transformation in International Politics: Liberalism, Governance and Sovereignty (2008), especially chaps 2 and 6 (available on QMPLUS).

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D. Williams, ‘Aid and Sovereignty: Quasi-States and the International Financial Institutions’, Review of International Studies 26 (4) 2000 (see also the debate between D Williams and R. Leiteritz in Review of International Studies 28, 2002). WEEK 6: Post-Conflict: Truth and Reconciliation (CG) Seminar Questions:

What, if anything, is controversial about truth and reconciliation commissions (TRCs)? Who are TRCs in Africa important for? What is the international component of African TRCs?

Country Study: South Africa and Sierra Leone

Essential Reading Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Section One Chapter One, and Section Five Chapter Five, available at: http://www.info.gov.za/otherdocs/2003/trc/rep.pdf Mahmood Mamdani, ‘The Truth According to the TRC’. In I. Amadiume and A. An-Naim (eds) The olitics of Memory: Truth, Healing and Social Justice, London: Zed Books, 2000 Further Reading ‘Insider accounts’ of the South African TRC: Alex Boraine (2001). A Country Unmasked: Inside South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (OUP Southern Africa) note: in library search for ‘a country unmasked’ Desmond Tutu, (1999).No Future Without Forgiveness: A Personal Overview of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Rider) Charles Villa-Vicencio and Wilhelm Verwoerd (Eds) (2000). Looking Back, Reaching Forward: Reflections on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa (London: Zed Books)

Further reading on South African and Sierra Leonean TRCs:

Tristan Anne Borer (2004). ‘Reconciling South Africa or South Africans? Cautionary Notes from the TRC’ African Studies Quarterly Volume 8, Issue 1, available at: http://web.africa.ufl.edu/africa/asq/v8/v8i1a2.pdf

David Harris (2011). Civil War and Democracy in West Africa: Conflict Resolution, Elections and Justice in Sierra Leone and Liberia (London: I.B. Tauris) Lansana Gberie, (2003). ‘Briefing: The Special Court on Sierra Leone’ African Affairs, 102, 637–648 Paul Gready (2011).The Era of Transitional Justice: The Aftermath of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa and Beyond (Abingdon: Routledge) Tim Kelsall (2005) ‘Truth, Lies, Ritual: Preliminary Reflections on the Truth and Reconciliation Commmission in Sierra Leone’. Human Rights Quarterly, Volume 27, Number 2

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Abdul Rahman Lamin (2003). ‘Building Peace Through Accountability in Sierra Leone: The Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court’ Journal of Asian and African Studies, vol. 38 no. 2-3 295-320 Mahmood Mamdani, (2002). ‘Amnesty or Impunity? A Preliminary Critique of the Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa (TRC)’ Diacritics Volume 32, Number 3-4, 33-59 Claire Moon (2009). Narrating Political Reconciliation: South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, (New York: Lexington Books) Nicoli Nattrass, (1999). ‘The truth and reconciliation commission on business and apartheid: a critical evaluation’ African Affairs 98 (392):373-391. Aletta Norval, (1998) ‘Memory, Identity and the (Im)possibility of Reconciliation: The Work of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa’ Constellations Volume 5, Issue 2, pages 250–265

Rosalind Shaw (2009). Rethinking Truth and Reconciliation Commissions: Lessons from Sierra Leone. Available at http://dspace.cigilibrary.org/jspui/bitstream/123456789/4625/1/Rethinking%20Truth%20and%20Reconciliation%20Commissions%20Lessons%20from%20Sierra%20Leone.pdf?1

Richard Wilson, (2011). The Politics of Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa: Legitimizing the Post-Apartheid State, Cambridge: CUP

WEEK 7: READING WEEK: No lecture or seminar WEEK 8: Post-Conflict: State-Building (CG) Seminar Questions:

Does Africa have a ‘tribal problem’? Why has Paul Kagame experienced such a vastly a different international response to that of

Omar al-Bashir? Is democracy important for post-conflict states?

Country Study: Rwanda and Sudan (Darfur)

Essential Reading:

Danielle Beswick, ‘Democracy, identity and the politics of exclusion in post-genocide Rwanda: the case of the Batwa’, Democratization, 18:2, pp 490-511, 2011 available at: http://www.nimd.org/documents/D/democracy_-_identity_-_and_the_politics_of_exclusion_in_post-genocide_rwanda_-_the_case_of_batwa.pdf

Johnson, D.H. (2009). 'Mamdani's 'settlers' 'natives' and the War on Terror' African Affairs 108 (433) Available at http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/content/108/433/655.full

Mahmood Mamdani, ‘What is a Tribe?’ London Review of Books Vol. 34 No. 17 · 13 September 2012 pp 20-22

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Background reading on the Genocides in Rwanda and Sudan:

Adelman, H. and Suhrke, A. (2000). The Path of a Genocide (London: Transaction) Barnett, M.N. (2002). Eyewitness to a genocide: the United Nations and Rwanda (New York: Cornell University Press) Dallaire, R. (with Beardsley, B.). (2005). Shake hands with the devil: the failure of humanity in Rwanda (London: Carroll and Graf) DeWaal, A. (1995). 'The genocide in Rwanda and the international response' Current History 94(591): 156-161 DeWaal, A. (2008). Darfur: a new history of a long war (London: Zed Books) Prunier, G. (2005). Darfur: the ambiguous genocide (New York: Cornell University Press) Prunier, G. (2008). Darfur: a twenty-first century genocide (3rd edition) (New York: Cornell University Press)

Further Reading:

Amnesty International. ‘Rwanda: Deeper into the Abyss – Waging War on Civil Society’. London: Amnesty International, July 2004, available at: http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR47/013/2004/en/6a1dd64c-d5b5-11dd-bb24-1fb85fe8fa05/afr470132004en.pdf

Danielle Beswick (2010). ‘Managing Dissent in a Post-genocide Environment: The Challenge of Political Space in Rwanda’. Development and Change 41, no. 2: 225–51.

Buckley-Zistel, Susanne (2006). ‘Remembering to Forget: Chosen Amnesia as a Strategy for Local Coexistence in Post-Genocide Rwanda’. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 76, no. 2: 131–50

Phil Clark (2010). The Gacaca Courts, Post-Genocide Justice and Reconciliation in Rwanda: Justice without Lawyers, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), Chapters 7, 8, 9 and 10

Eltringham, N. (2004). Accounting for horror: post-genocide debates in Rwanda (London: Pluto Press)

Gready, P. (2010). 'You're either with us or against us': civil society and policy-making in post-genocide Rwanda' African Affairs 109: 637-657

Helen M. Hintjens (2001). ‘When Identity Becomes a Knife: Reflecting on the Genocide in Rwanda’ Ethnicities, 1:1, pp 25-55

Helen Hintjens (2008). ‘Post-genocide identity politics in Rwanda’ Ethnicities, 8: 1, pp 5-41

Johan Pottier (2002). Re-imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Twentieth Century, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)

Reyntjens, F (2004). 'Rwanda ten years on: from genocide to dictatorship' African Affairs 103: 177-210

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Reyntjens, F (2011). 'Constructing the truth, dealing with dissent, domesticating the world: governance in post-genocide Rwanda' African Affairs 110: 1-34

Samset, I (2011). 'Building a repressive peace: the case of post-genocide Rwanda' Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 5(3): 265-283

Tremessen, A.E. (2004). 'After Arusha: Gacaca justice in post-genocide Rwanda' African Studies Quarterly 8(1): 57 Waugh, C. (2004). Paul Kagame and Rwanda: power, genocide and the Rwandan Patriotic Front (McFarland and Company Publishers) Zorbas, E. (2004). 'Reconciliation in post-genocide Rwanda' African Journal of Legal Studies 1(1): 29 - 52 Lanz, D. (2009). 'Save Darfur: a movement and its discontents' African Affairs 108(433) Mamdani, M. (2010). Saviours and Survivors: Darfur, politics and the War on Terror (The Doubleday Religious Publishing Group) Mahmood Mamdani (2002). When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, nativism, and the genocide in Rwanda (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press) Cheadle, D. and Prendergast, J. (2007). Not on our watch: the mission to end genocide in Darfur and beyond (Hyperion Press) WEEK 9: AIDS: A Global African Problem? (SH) Seminar Questions:

Is HIV/AIDS an African problem? Why (not)? Why is Africa’s HIV/AIDS epidemic a concern of international relations? Do HIV/AIDS interventions rest of racialised metaphors of Africans?

Country Study: Uganda and South Africa Essential Reading Poku, N.K. 2001. ‘Africa’s AIDS Crisis in Context: ‘how the poor are dying’’ Third World Quarterly 22(2):191-204 Stillwaggon, E. 2003. ‘Racial metaphors: interpreting sex and AIDS in Africa’ Development and Change 34(5): 809-832 Further Reading Akeroyd, A. 1994. ‘HIV/AIDS in Eastern and Southern Africa’ Review of African Political Economy 21(60): 173-184 Barnett, T. 2004. ‘HIV/AIDS and development concern us all’ Journal of International Development 16:943-949 Barnett, T. and Whiteside, A. 2002. AIDS in the twenty-first Century: Disease and Globalization London: Palgrave

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Baylies, C. 2000. ‘HIV/AIDS in Africa: global and local inequalities and responsibilities’ Review of African Political Economy 27(86): 487-500 Baylies, C. and Bujra, J. 2000. AIDS, Security and Gender in Africa London: Taylor and Francis Becker, C. M. 1990. ‘The Demo-Economic Impact of the AIDS Pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa’ World Development 18(12): 1599-1619 Butler, A. 2005. ‘South Africa’s HIV/AIDS policy, 1994-2004: how can it be explained?’ African Affairs 104(417): 591-614 Caldwell, J.C. 2000. ‘Rethinking the African AIDS epidemic’ Population and Development Review 26(1): 117-136 Caldwell, John C., Orubuloye, IO., and Caldwell, Pat. 1992. ‘Under-reaction to AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa’ Social Science and Medicine 34(11): 1169-118 Cassidy, R. and Leach, M. 2009. ‘Science, Politics, and the Presidential AIDS ‘Cure’’ African Affairs 108(433): 559-580 Cheru, F. 2002. ‘Debt, adjustment and the politics of effective response to HIV/AIDS in Africa’ Third World Quarterly 23(2): 299-312Chirambo, K. 2007. ‘AIDS and Democracy in Africa’ in N.K. Poku, A. Whiteside, B. Sandkjaer AIDS and Governance Hampshire: Ashgate 67-92 deBruyn, M. 1992. ‘Women and AIDS in developing countries’ Social Science and Medicine 34(3): 249-262 DeWaal, A. 2003. ‘How will HIV/AIDS transform African governance?’ African Affairs 102(406): 1-23 DeWaal, A. 2006. AIDS and Power: why there is no political crisis – yet London: Zed Books Elbe, Stefan. “HIV/AIDS and the Changing Landscape of War in Africa.” International Security 27, 2 (2002): 159-177 Epstein, H. 2002. ‘The Hidden Cause of AIDS’ New York Review 9th May 2002 Epstein, H. 2007. The Invisible Cure: Africa, the West and the fight against AIDS (London: Penguin) Handley, A. 2009. ‘Business and the governance of HIV/AIDS in South Africa’ in S. Harman and F. Lisk Governance of HIV/AIDS London: Routledge Harman, S. 2007. ‘The World Bank: Failing the Multi-Country AIDS Program, Failing HIV/AIDS’ Global Governance 13(4): 485 – 492 Harman, S. 2009. ‘Fighting HIV and AIDS: reconfiguring the state?’ Review of African Political Economy 36(121) Harman, S. 2011. ‘Governing health risk by buying behaviour’ Political Studies 59(4): 867-883 Hunt, C.W. 1996. ‘Social vs. Biological theories on the transmission of AIDS in Africa’ Social Science and Medicine 42(9): 1283-1296 Lawson, A. 1990. ‘The Social Epidemiology of Africa’s AIDS epidemic’ African Affairs 89(354): 5-25

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Lisk, F. 2009. Global Institutions and the HIV/AIDS Epidemic Abingdon: Routledge McNeill, FG. 2009. ‘’Condoms cause AIDS’: Poison, Prevention and Denial in Venda, South Africa’ African Affairs 108(332): 353-370 Ostergard, Robert O. “Politics in the hot zone: AIDS and national security in Africa.” Third World Quarterly 23(2002): 333-350. Pela, O.A. and Platt, J.J. 1989. ‘AIDS in Africa: emerging trends’ Social Science and Medicine 28(1): 1-8 Poku, N.K. 2002. ‘Poverty, debt, and Africa’s HIV/AIDS crisis’ International Affairs 78(3): 531-546 Seckinelgin, H. 2005. ‘A global disease and its governance: HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa and the agency of NGOs’ Global Governance 11(3): 351-368 Seckinelgin, H. 2012. International Security, Conflict and Gender: ‘HIV/AIDS is another war’ (London: Routledge) Seidel, G. 1993. ‘The Competing Discourses of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Discourses of Rights and Empowerment vs. Discourses of Control and Exclusion’ Social Science and Medicine 36(3): 175-194 Stillwaggon, E. 2002. ‘HIV/AIDS in Africa: fertile terrain’ Journal of Development Studies 38(6):1-22 Vandormael, A. 2007. ‘The TAC’s ‘Intellectual Campaign’ (2000-2004): social movements and epistemic communities’ Politikon 34(2): 217-233 Whiteside, A. 2002. ‘Poverty and HIV/AIDS in Africa’ Third World Quarterly 23(2): 313-332 Youde, J.R. 2007. AIDS, South Africa and the Politics of Knowledge London: Ashgate Youde, J.R. 2009. ‘Government AIDS Policies and Public Opinion in Africa’ Politikon 36(2): 219-235 WEEK 10: Land: Rights, Ownership and Grabbing (SH) Seminar Questions:

Can you understand the international relations of Africa without understanding the politics of land in Africa?

What are the gender dimensions of land? Whose land is it anyway?

Country Study: Mozambique and Zimbabwe Essential Reading Choose at least 2 main articles (i.e. not the editorial or debates) from: SPECIAL ISSUE (2011) ‘Land: a new wave of accumulation by dispossession in Africa?’ Review of African Political Economy 38(128)

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Further Reading African Union, African Development Bank, and Economic Commission for Africa. (2010). Framework and Guidelines on Land Policy in Africa (Addis Adaba: African Union) http://rea.au.int/en/sites/default/files/Framework%20and%20Guidelines%20on%20Land%20Policy%20in%20Africa.pdf Alden, C. and Anseeuw, W. (2009). Land, Liberation and Compromise in Southern Africa (Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan) Amanor, K.S and Moyo, S. (2008). Land and Sustainable Development in Africa (London: Zed Books)

Bernstein, H. (2002) ‘Land reform: taking a long(er) view’ Journal of Agrarian Change 2: 433-463.

Bernstein, H. (2006) ‘Land conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa: political economy and moral economy’ Afriche e Orienti 8(2):116-30.

Berry, S. (2009). ‘Building for the future? Investment, land reform, and the contingencies of ownership in contemporary Ghana’ World Development 37(8): 1370-1378 Boone, C. (2007). ‘Property and constitutional order: land tenure reform and the future of the African state’ African Affairs 106(425): 557-586 Chinsinga, B. (2011). ‘The politics of land reforms in Malawi: the case of the Community Based Rural Land Development Programme (CBRLDP)’ Journal of International Development 23(3): 380-393 Chu, Jessica. (2011). ‘Gender and ‘land grabbing’ in sub-Saharan Africa: women’s land rights and customary land tenure’ Development 54(1): 35-39 Crewett, W. and Korf, B. (2008). ‘Ethiopia: reforming land tenure’ Review of African Political Economy 35(116): 203-220 Derman,B. et al (eds) (2007) Conflicts over land and water in Africa (Michigan: Michigan State University Press) Firmin-Sellers, K. and Sellers, P. (1999). ‘Expected failures and unexpected successes of land titling in Africa’ World Development 27(7): 1115-1128 Fortin, E. (2010). ‘Struggles with activism: NGO engagements with land tenure reform in post-apartheid South Africa’ Journal of Modern African Studies 48(3): 383-411 German, L. et al. (2013). ‘Contemporary processes of large-scale land acquisition in sub-Saharan Africa: legal deficiency or elite capture of the rule of law?’ World Development 48: 1-18 Jacobs, S. (2002). ‘Land reform: still a goal worth pursuing for women?’ Journal of International Development 14(6):887-898 Kachika, T. (2010). Land grabbing in Africa: a review of the impacts and possible policy responses (Oxford: Oxfam International) http://www.oxfamblogs.org/eastafrica/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Land-Grabbing-in-Africa.-Final.pdf Kroopman, J. (2012). ‘Land grabs, government, peasant and civil society activism in Senegal River Valley’ Review of African Political Economy 39(134): 655-664

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Manji, A. (2012). ‘The grabbed state: lawyers, politics, and public land in Kenya’ Journal of Modern African Studies 50(3): 467-492 Moyo, S. (2008). African land questions, agrarian transitions and the state (Dakar: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa - CODESRIA) Moyo, S. and Yeros, P. (eds). (2005) Reclaiming the Land (London: Zed Books) – Part One ‘Africa’ Moyo, S. and Chambati, W. (eds). 2013). Land and Agrarian Reform in Zimbabwe: beyond white-settler capitalism (Dhakar: CODESRIA) Peters, P. (2009). ‘Challenges in land tenure and land reform in Africa: anthropological contributions’ World Development 37(8): 1317-1325 Scoones, I et al. (2012). ‘The new politics of Zimbabwe’s lowveld: struggles over land at the margins’ African Affairs 111(445): 527-586) Sikor, T., and Muller, D. (2009). ‘The limits of state-led land reform: an introduction’ World Development 37(8): 1307-1316 Sjaastad, E. and Bromley, D. (1994). ‘Indigenous land rights in sub-Saharan Africa: appropriation, security and investment demand’ World Development 25(4):549-562 SPECIAL ISSUE (2004). ‘Land reform and conflict in Southern Africa: Lessons from Zimbabwe’s experience’ World Development 32(10). van Zyl, J. et al. (1994). ‘Land reform in South Africa: options to consider for the future’ Journal of International Development 6(2): 219-239 Waeterloos, E. and Rutherford, B. (2004). ‘Land reform in Zimbabwe: challenges and opportunities for poverty reduction among commercial farm workers’ World Development 32(3): 537-553 Yanou, M. (2009). Dispossession and access to land in South Africa: an African perspective (Langaa Research and Publishing) Zimmerman, F. (2000). ‘Barriers to participation of the poor in South Africa’s Land Redistribution’ World Development 28(8): 1439-1460

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Week 11: China in Africa (DW) Seminar Questions:

What is different about China’s involvement in Africa form that of ‘Western’ states? Who really benefits from Chinese financial assistance in Africa?

Essential Reading: Horace Campbell, ‘China in Africa: Challenging the US Global Hegemony,’ Third World Quarterly, 29 (1) 2008. M. Tan-Mullins, G. Mohan and M. Power, ‘Redefining “aid” in the China-Africa Content’, Development and Change 41 (5) 2010. Further Reading: C Alden, China in Africa: Partner, Competitor or Hegemon?, 2007. C. Alden and C. Hughes, ‘Harmony and Discord in China’s Africa Strategy’, The China Quarterly 199, 2009. P. Carmody and F. Owusu, ‘Competing hegemons? Chinese versus America Geo-economic Strategies in Africa’, Political Geography 26 (5) 2007. J. Frynas and M. Paulo, ‘A New Scramble for African Oil? Historical, Political and Business Perspectives’, African Affairs 106, 2007. Julia Gallagher, ‘Ruthless player or development partner? Britain’s ambiguous reaction to China in Africa,’ Review of International Studies, 37 (5) 2011. R. Greenhill, A. Prizzon and A. Rogerson ‘The Age of Choice: Developing Countries in the New Aid Landcape,’ ODI Working Papers, Issue 364, 2013 (available online) D. Haglund, ‘Regulating FDI in weak African States: A case study of Chinese Copper Mining in Zambia’, Journal of Modern African Studies, 46 (4) 2008 D. Large, ‘Beyond Dragon on the Bush: The Study of China’s Africa Policy’, African Affairs 107, 2008. C. Lee, ‘Raw Encounters: Chinese managers, African Workers and the Politics of Casualization in Africa’s Chinese Enclaves’, The China Quarterly 199, 2009. B. Sautman and Y. Hairong, ‘African Perspectives in China-Afra Links’, The China Quarterly 199, 2009. I. Taylor, China’s New Role in Africa, 2009. D. Tull, ‘China’s Engagement in Africa: Scope, Significance and Consequences’, Journal of Modern African Studies’, 44 (3) 2006. Ngaire Woods, ‘Whose aid? Whose influence? China, emerging donors and the silent revolution in development assistance,’ International Affairs 84 (6), 2008.

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Week 12: Pan-Africanism Then and Now (CG) Seminar Questions:

How do we differentiate between the pan-Africanism of the 1960s and contemporary forms of pan-Africanism?

Why wasn’t Nkrumah’s pan-Africanism a more successful unifying force in the immediate post-independence years?

Is there a future for pan-Africanism?

Seminar Reading Kwame Akonor, ‘Stuffing Old Wine in New Bottles: The Case of the Africa Union’ in Ama Mazama (ed) Africa in the 21st Century: Toward a New Future, London: Routledge, 2007, pp 191-211 Thandika Mkandawire ‘Rethinking Pan-Africanism, Nationalism and the New Regionalism’ in Sam Moyo and Oaris Yeros (eds) Reclaiming the Nation: The Return of the National Question in Africa, Asia and Latin America London: Pluto Press Kwame Nkrumah, Africa Must Unite London: Heinemann, 1963, Chapters 18 and 21

Further Reading

Formative pan-Africanist works: Marcus Garvey (2004). Selected Writings and Speeches of Marcus Garvey (New York: Dover Publications), pp. 69-74 (Africa for the Africans) Eric J. Sundquist (1996). The Oxford W. E. B. Du Bois Reader (Oxford University Press) Chapter 7 C.L.R.James (2012) A History of Pan-African Revolt (Oakland, CA: PM Press) Other Readings: See this special commemorative 50th anniversary issue of the African Union’s ECHO journal, available at: http://summits.au.int/en/sites/default/files/AUEcho50SE_2013_singlepage_small.pdf And for a more critical take, see this collection of articles on the Pambazuka newswire and comment site, available at: http://www.pambazuka.org/en/issue/631#cat_1 Kwame Akonor (2010). African Economic Institutions (Abingdon: Routledge) Kasaija Phillip Apuuli (2012). ‘The African Union’s notion of ‘African solutions to African problems’ and the crises in Côte d’Ivoire (2010–2011) and Libya (2011)’ African Journal on Conflict Resolution 12:2, 135-160 available at http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/PDF_261.pdf Samuel Makinda and F.Wafula Okumo, The African Union: Challenges of Globalization, Security and Governance (Abingdon: Routledge) Tim Muruthi (2012). ‘Briefing: The African Union at Ten: an Appraisal’ African Affairs 111 (445):662-669. Chris Saunders Gwinyayi A. Dzinesa and Dawn Nagar (2012). Region-building in Southern Africa: Progress, Problems and Prospects (London: Zed Books)

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Anyway Sithole (2012). ‘The African Union Peace and Security mechanism’s crawl from design to reality: Was the Libyan crisis a depiction of severe limitations?’ African Journal on Conflict Resolution 12:2, 111-134 available at http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/PDF_261.pdf Thomas Kwasi Tieku (2004). ‘Explaining the clash and accommodation of interests of major actors in the creation of the African Union’ African Affairs 103 (411):249-267. Paul D. Williams (2007). ‘From Non-Intervention to Non-Indifference: The Origins and Development of the African Union’s Security Culture’, African Affairs, 106:423 Crawford Young (2012). The Postcolonial State in Africa: 50 Years of Independence 1960-2010 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press) pp. 291-314.

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Appendix A: Graduate Attributes The Queen Mary Statement of Graduate Attributes (http://www.qmul.ac.uk/gacep) identifies 32 attributes grouped into 7 themes. Through your studies you will be provided with many opportunities to develop these attributes. The following table identifies the attributes that you can develop by actively engaging in teaching and learning and assessment activities of this module. By reflecting on your development of these attributes you will be able to improve your understanding of your own employability.

Engage critically with knowledge Acquire and apply knowledge in a rigorous way X Connect information and ideas within their field of study X Use writing for learning and reflection X Adapt their understanding to new and unfamiliar settings

Have a global perspective Accept the responsibilities that come from taking a global perspective X Recognise the value of operating in more than one language Work effectively in diverse communities X Engage with the professional world

Learn continuously in a changing world Acquire new learning in a range of ways, both individually and collaboratively

X

Possess the skills to influence, negotiate and lead Respond appropriately to criticism X Use quantitative data confidently and competently

Rounded Intellectual Development Good judgement X Curiosity and openness to change X Initiative and resilience in meeting challenges X Respect for the opinions of others and a readiness to act inclusively X

The ability to reflect upon and assess their own progress X Transferable key skills to help them with their career goals and their continuing education

X

Clarity of Communication Develop effective spoken and written English X Explain and argue clearly and concisely X Apply different forms of communication in various social, professional and cultural settings Use communication technologies competently X

Research Capacity Grasp the principles and practices of their field of study X Produce analyses which are grounded in evidence X Apply their analytical skills to investigate unfamiliar problems X Work individually and in collaboration with others X Develop a strong sense of intellectual integrity X Acquire substantial bodies of new knowledge X

Information Expertise Identify information needs appropriate to different situations X Use technologies to access and interpret information effectively X Critically evaluate the reliability of different sources of information X Use information for evidence-based decision-making and creative thinking X

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