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School of Biotechnology
3 Years B.Sc. Biotechnology (Hons.) Course Structure
Total Credits - 144
* 6 credit course for non-lab based subjects
ADAMAS UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE - DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (Course Code: SBT)
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (Honours)
SEMESTER - I
Type of the
Paper
Paper
Code
Theory / Practical
Brief Contents
Contact
Hour
Per
Week
L T P Credit
CORE Theory SBT31101
Theory
Biochemistry &
Metabolism
4 3 1 0 4
CORE
Practical SBT31201
Practical
Biochemistry &
Metabolism Lab
List of experiments will be
provided separately 3 0 0 2 2
CORE Theory SBT31103
Theory
General
Microbiology 4 3 1 0 4
CORE
Practical SBT31203
Practical
General
Microbiology Lab
List of experiments will be
provided separately 3 0 0 2 2
FOUNDATION HEN31105 Theory English Language &
Literature 2 2 0 0 2
GENERIC
ELECTIVE I
(GE 1)*
Theory 4 3 1 0 4
Practical
List of experiments will be
provided separately 3 0 0 2 2
TOTAL 23 11 3 6 20
* 6 credit course for non-lab based subjects
ADAMAS UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE - DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (Honours)
SEMESTER - II
Type of the
Paper
Paper
Code
Theory /
Practical Brief Contents
Contact
Hour
Per
Week
L T P Credit
CORE Theory SBT31102
Theory
Mammalian
Physiology
4 3 1 0 4
CORE
Practical SBT31202
Practical
Mammalian
Physiology Lab
List of experiments will be
provided separately 3 0 0 2 2
CORE Theory SBT31104
Theory
Chemistry 1:
Physical &
Inorganic
Chemistry
4 3 1 0 4
CORE
Practical SBT31204
Practical
Chemistry 1: Physical &
Inorganic
Chemistry Lab
List of experiments will be
provided separately 3 0 0 2 2
FOUNDATION SGY31104 Theory Environmental Science
and Energy Resources 2 2 0 0 2
GENERIC
ELECTIVE (GE 1)*
Theory 4 3 1 0 4
Practical
List of experiments will be
provided separately 3 0 0 2 2
TOTAL 23 11 3 6 20
ADAMAS UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE - DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (Honours) SEMESTER - III
Type of the Paper
Paper Code Theory / Practical
Brief Contents
Contact
Hour Per
Week
L T P Credit
CORE Theory SBT32101 Theory
Cell Biology 4 3 1 0 4
CORE
Practical SBT32201
Practical
Cell Biology Lab
List of experiments will
be provided separately 3 0 0 2 2
CORE Theory SBT32103 Theory
Genetics 4 3 1 0 4
CORE
Practical SBT32203
Practical
Genetics Lab
List of experiments will
be provided separately 3 0 0 2 2
Core Theory SBT32105
Theory
Chemistry 2:
Organic
Chemistry
4 3 1 0 4
Core
Practical SBT32205
Practical
Chemistry 2:
Organic
Chemistry Lab
List of experiments will
be provided separately 3 0 0 2 2
FOUNDATION
(Skill
Enhancement Compulsory
Course SECC
I)
SBT32109/11 Theory
Choice Based
(List of options will be provided separately)
2 2 0 0 2
GENERIC
ELECTIVE (GE 2)*
Theory 4 3 1 0 4
Practical List of experiments will
be provided separately 3 0 0 2 2
TOTAL 30 14 4 8 26
* 6 credit course for non-lab based subjects
ADAMAS UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE - DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (Honours) SEMESTER - IV
Type of the Paper
Paper Code Theory / Practical
Brief Contents
Contact
Hour Per
Week
L T P Credit
CORE Theory SBT32102
Theory
Molecular
Biology
4 3 1 0 4
CORE
Practical SBT32202
Practical
Molecular
Biology Lab
List of experiments will
be provided separately 3 0 0 2 2
CORE Theory SBT32104 Theory
Immunology 4 3 1 0 4
CORE
Practical SBT32204
Practical
Immunology Lab
List of experiments will
be provided separately 3 0 0 2 2
CORE Theory SBT32106 Theory
Plant Physiology 4 3 1 0 4
CORE
Practical SBT32206
Practical
Plant Physiology
Lab
List of experiments will
be provided separately 3 0 0 2 2
FOUNDATION
(Skill
Enhancement
Compulsory
Course SECC
II)
SBT32110/12 Theory
Choice Based
(List of options will be
provided separately) 2 2 0 0 2
GENERIC
ELECTIVE
(GE 2)*
Theory 4 3 1 0 4
Practical List of experiments will
be provided separately 3 0 0 2 2
TOTAL 30 14 4 8 26
* 6 credit course for non-lab based subjects
ADAMAS UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE - DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (Honours)
SEMESTER - V
Type of
the Paper Paper Code Theory / Practical
Brief
Contents
Contac
t Hour
Per
Week
L T P Credit
CORE
Theory SBT33101
Theory
Bioprocess Technology 4 3 1 0 4
CORE
Practical
SBT33201
Practical
Bioprocess Technology Lab
List of
experiment
s will be
provided
separately
3 0 0 2 2
CORE
Theory
SBT33103
Theory
Recombinant DNA Technology
4 3 1 0 4
CORE
Practical
SBT33203
Practical
Recombinant DNA Technology
Lab
List of
experiment
s will be
provided
separately
3 0 0 2 2
Elective
Theory
DSE I
(Disciplin
e
Specific)
SBT33105/07/0
9
Bioinformatics/Biostatistics/Evol
utionary Biology 4 3 1 0 4
Elective
Practical (Disciplin
e
Specific)
DSE
Practical I
SBT33205/07/0
9
Bioinformatics Lab/Biostatistics
Lab/ Evolutionary Biology
List of experiment
s will be
provided
separately
3 0 0 2 2
Elective
Theory
DSE II
(Disciplin
e
Specific)
SBT33111/13/1
5
Developmental Biology / Medical
Microbiology/ Ecology and
Environment Management
4 3 1 0 4
Elective
Practical
(Disciplin
e
Specific)
DSE
Practical
II
SBT33211/13/1
5
Developmental Biology / Medical
Microbiology/ Ecology and
Environment Management
List of
experiment
s will be
provided
separately
3 0 0 2 2
FOUNDAT
ION SBT33601 Industry Internship 2
TOTAL 28 1 4 8 26
*6 credit course, non-lab based
FACULTY OF SCIENCE - DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (Honours)
SEMESTER - VI
Type of the
Paper Paper Code Theory / Practical Brief Contents
Contact
Hour
Per
Week
L T P Credit
CORE Theory
SBT33102
Theory
Bio Analytical
Tools
4 3 1 0 4
CORE
Practical
SBT33202
Practical
Bio Analytical
Tools lab
List of experiments
will be provided
separately
3 0 0 2 2
CORE Theory
SBT33104
Theory
Genomics &
Proteomics
4 3 1 0 4
CORE
Practical
SBT33204
Practical
Genomics &
Proteomics lab
List of experiments
will be provided
separately
3 0 0 2 2
Elective
Theory
DSE III
(Discipline
Specific)
SBT33106/08/10
Environmental
Biotechnology/
Intellectual
Property Rights*/
Microbial
Physiology
4 3 1 0 4
Elective
Practical
(Discipline
Specific) DSE
Practical III
SBT33206/08/10
Environmental
BiotechnologyLab/
Microbial
Physiology Lab
List of experiments
will be provided
separately
3 0 0 2 2
Elective
DSE IV
(Discipline
Specific)
SBT33712 Dissertation
9 6 0 0 6
FOUNDATION SBT33302
Seminar on
contemporary
research in
Biotechnology
2 2
TOTAL 30 15 3 6 26
LIST OF GENERIC ELECTIVE GE SUBJECTS OFFERED IN THE FIRST YEAR FOR THE
STUDENTS OF SCHOOL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY:
1. Zoology
2. Botany
3. Mathematics* *6 credit course, non-lab based
LIST OF GENERIC ELECTIVE GE SUBJECTS OFFERED IN THE SECOND YEAR FOR THE
STUDENTS OF SCHOOL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY:
1. Physics
2. Computer Science
3. Statistics* *6 credit course, non-lab based
LIST OF SKILL ENHANCEMENT SUBJECTS OFFERED BY THE DEPT. OF BIOTECHNOLOGY*:
*Offering of subjects will vary from year to year subject to availability of faculty
LIST OF DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE' PAPERS OFFERED BY THE DEPT. OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY*:
DSE – I (Theory)
1. Bioinformatics [SBT33105]
2. Biostatistics [SBT33107]
3. Evolutionary Biology [SBT33109]
DSE – I (Practical)
1. Bioinformatics [SBT33205]
2. Biostatics [SBT33207]
3. Evolutionary Biology [SBT33209]
DSE – II (Theory)
1. Developmental Biology [SBT33111]
2. Medical Microbiology [SBT33113]
3. Ecology and Environment Management [SBT33115]
DSE – II (Practical)
1. Developmental Biology [SBT33211]
2. Medical Microbiology [SBT33213]
3. Ecology and Environment Management [SBT33215]
DSE – III (Theory)
1. Environmental Biotechnology [SBT33106]
Skill Enhancement Course SEC I (For
Semester III) (Choose any one)
Skill Enhancement Course SEC I (For
Semester IV)(Choose any one) 1. Molecular Diagnostics ( SBT32109)
1. Enzymology (SBT32110)
2. Molecular Modeling and Drug Designing
(SBT32111)
2. Basics of Forensic Science (SBT32112)
2. Intellectual Property Rights [SBT33108]*
3. Microbial Physiology [SBT33110]
DSE – III (Practical)
1. Environmental Biotechnology [SBT33206]
2. Microbial Physiology [SBT33208] * Purely Theoretical Papers with 6 credits.
DSE IV: Dissertation *Offering of subjects will vary from year to year subject to availability of faculty
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
B.Sc. (Hons.) Biotechnology Detailed Syllabus
Core Courses
BIOCHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM (SBT31101)
UNIT I:
Amino acids & Proteins: Structure & Function. Structure and properties of Amino acids. Types of
proteins and their classification, Forces stabilizing protein structure and shape. Different Level
of structural organization of proteins, Protein Purification. Denaturation and renaturation of
proteins. Fibrous and globular proteins.
Carbohydrates: Structure, Function and properties of Monosaccharides, Disaccharides
andPolysaccharides. Homo & Hetero Polysaccharides, Mucopolysaccharides, Bacterial cell wallpolysaccharides, Glycoprotein s and their biological functions
UNIT II
Lipids: Structure and functions –Classification, nomenclature and properties of fatty
acids,essential fatty acids. Phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids, cerebrosides, gangliosides,
Prostaglandins, Cholesterol. Nucleic acids: Structure and functions: Physical & chemical
properties of Nucleic acids,Nucleosides & Nucleotides, purines & pyrimidines,. Biologically
important nucleotides, Doublehelical model of DNA structure and forces responsible for A, B & Z – DNA, denaturation and renaturation of DNA
UNIT III
Enzymes: Nomenclature and classification of Enzymes, Holoenzyme, apoenzyme, Cofactors,
coenzyme, prosthetic groups, metalloenzymes, monomeric & oligomeric enzymes, activation
energy and transition state, enzyme activity, specific activity, common features of active sites,
enzyme specificity: types & theories, Biocatalysts from extreme thermophilic and
hyperthermophilic archaea and bacteria. Role of: NAD+, NADP+, FMN/FAD, coenzymes A,
Thiamine pyrophosphate, Pyridoxal phosphate, lipoic-acid, Biotin vitamin B12,
Tetrahydrofolate and metallic ions.
UNIT IV
Carbohydrates Metabolism: Reactions, energetics and regulation. Glycolysis: Fate of pyruvate
under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Pentose phosphate pathway and its significance,
Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenolysis and glycogen synthesis. TCA cycle, Electron Transport Chain,
Oxidative phosphorylation. ß-oxidation of fatty acids.
PRACTICALS: BIOCHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM LAB (SBT31201)
1. To study activity of any enzyme under optimum conditions.
2. To study the effect of pH, temperature on the activity of salivary amylase enzyme.
3. Determination of - pH optima, temperature optima, Km value, Vmax value, Effect of inhibitor
(Inorganic phosphate) on the enzyme activity.
4. Estimation of blood glucose by glucose oxidase method.
5. Principles of Colorimetry: (i) Verification of Beer's law, estimation of protein. (ii) To study
relation between absorbance and % transmission.
6. Preparation of buffers.
7. Separation of Amino acids by paper chromatography.
8. Qualitative tests for Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L. and Stryer, L. (2006). Biochemistry. VI Edition. W.H Freeman and
Co.
2. Buchanan, B., Gruissem, W. and Jones, R. (2000) Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of
Plants. American Society of Plant Biologists.
3. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. (2004) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 4th Edition, WH Freeman
and Company, New York, USA.
4. Hopkins, W.G. and Huner, P.A. (2008) Introduction to Plant Physiology. John Wiley and Sons.
5. Salisbury, F.B. and Ross, C.W. (1991) Plant Physiology, Wadsworth Publishing Co. Ltd.
GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY (SBT31103)
UNIT I
Classification of microorganisms: Microbial taxonomy, criteria used including molecular
approaches, Microbial phylogeny and current classification of bacteria. Microbial Diversity:
Distribution and characterization Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells, Morphology and cell
structure of major groups of microorganisms eg. Bacteria, Algae, Fungi, Protozoa and Unique
features of viruses.
UNIT II
Cultivation and Maintenance of microorganisms: Nutritional categories of micro-organisms,
methods of isolation, Purification and preservation.
UNIT III
Microbial growth: Growth curve, Generation time, synchronous batch and continuous culture,
measurement of growth and factors affecting growth of bacteria. Microbial Metabolism:
Metabolic pathways, amphi-catabolic and biosynthetic pathways. Bacterial Reproduction:
Transformation, Transduction and Conjugation. Endospores and sporulation in bacteria.
UNIT IV
Control of Microorganisms: By physical, chemical and chemotherapeutic Agents. Water
Microbiology: Bacterial pollutants of water, coliforms and non coliforms. Sewage composition
and its disposal. Food Microbiology: Important microorganism in food Microbiology: Moulds,
Yeasts, bacteria. Major food born infections and intoxications, Preservation of various types of
foods. Fermented Foods.
PRACTICALS: GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY LAB (SBT 31203)
1. Isolation of bacteria & their biochemical characterization.
2. Staining methods: simple staining, Gram staining, spore staining, negative staining, hanging
drop.
3. Preparation of media & sterilization methods, Methods of Isolation of bacteria from different
sources.
4. Determination of bacterial cell size by micrometry.
5. Enumeration of microorganism - total & viable count.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW, and Blackwell M. (1996). Introductory Mycology. 4 th edition. John
and Sons, Inc.
2. Jay JM, Loessner MJ and Golden DA. (2005). Modern Food Microbiology. 7thedition, CBS
Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, India.
3. Kumar HD. (1990). Introductory Phycology. 2nd edition. Affiliated East Western Press.
4. Madigan MT, Martinko JM and Parker J. (2009). Brock Biology of Microorganisms. 12th edition.
Pearson/Benjamin Cummings.
5. Pelczar MJ, Chan ECS and Krieg NR. (1993). Microbiology. 5th edition. McGraw Hill Book
Company.
6. Stanier RY, Ingraham JL, Wheelis ML, and Painter PR. (2005). General Microbiology. 5th
edition. McMillan.
7. Tortora GJ, Funke BR, and Case CL. (2008). Microbiology: An Introduction. 9th edition.
Pearson Education. . Willey JM, Sherwood LM, and Woolverton CJ. . Prescott, Harley and Klein s
Microbiology. 7th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education.
MAMMALIAN PHYSIOLOGY (SBT 31102)
UNIT I
Digestion: Mechanism of digestion & absorption of carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids and nucleic
acids. Composition of bile, Saliva, Pancreatic, gastric and intestinal juice. Respiration: Exchange
of gases, Transport of O2 and CO2, Oxygen dissociation curve, Chloride shift., Bohr Effect and
Haldane Effect.
UNIT II
Circulation: Composition of blood, Plasma proteins & their role, blood cells, Haemopoiesis,
Mechanism of coagulation of blood.
UNIT III
Muscle physiology and osmoregulation: Structure of cardiac, smooth & skeletal muscle,
threshold stimulus, All or None rule, single muscle twitch, muscle tone, isotonic and isometric
contraction, Physical, chemical & electrical events of mechanism of muscle contraction.
Excretion: modes of excretion, Urea cycle, Mechanism of urine formation.
UNIT IV
Nervous coordination: Mechanism of generation & propagation of nerve impulse, structure of
synapse, synaptic conduction, Neurotransmitters Physiology of Vision. Endocrine coordination:
Mechanism of action of hormones. Different endocrine glands– Hypothalamus, pituitary,
thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas and adrenals, hypo & hyper-secretions.
UNIT V
Reproductive physiology: Sex determination and differentiation. Spermatogenesis, and
Oogenesis. Ovarian function and its control. Uterine changes, fertilization and implantation.
PRACTICALS: MAMMALIAN PHYSIOLOGY LAB (SBT 31202)
1. Finding the coagulation time of blood
2. Determination of blood groups
3. Counting of mammalian RBCs
4. Demonstration of action of an enzyme
5. Determination of Haemoglobin
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Guyton, A.C. & Hall, J.E. (2006). Textbook of Medical Physiology. XI Edition. Hercourt Asia PTE
Ltd. / W.B. Saunders Company.
2. Tortora, G.J. & Grabowski, S. (2006). Principles of Anatomy & Physiology. XI Edition. John
wiley &sons, Inc.
CHEMISTRY 1: PHYSICAL & INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (SBT 31104)
UNIT I
Atomic Structure: Extra-nuclear Structure of atoms: Bohr's theory for hydrogen atom (simple
mathematical treatment), atomic spectra of hydrogen and Bohr's model, Sommerfeld's model,
quantum numbers and their significance, Pauli's exclusion principle, Hund's rule, electronic
configuration of many-electron atoms, Aufbau principle and its limitations.
UNIT II
Structure and Bonding: i) Ionic bonding: General characteristics of ionic compounds, sizes of
ions, radius ratio rule and its limitation. Lattice energy, Born Haber cycle. ii) Covalent bonding:
General characteristics of covalent compounds, directional character of covalent bond,
hybridization involving s-, p-, d- orbitals, multiple bonding, shapes of simple molecules and ions
(examples from main group chemistry). Bond moment and dipole moment, partial ionic
character of covalent bonds, Fajan's rules. Hydrogen bonding and its effect on physical and
chemical properties. iii) Coordinate bonds and Coordination compounds: complex salts and
double salts, Warner's theory of coordination, chelate complexes, stereochemistry of
coordination numbers 4 and 6. IUPAC nomenclature of coordination complexes (mononuclear
complexes only)
UNIT III
Chemical Periodicity: Classification of elements on the basis of electronic configuration: general
characteristics of s-, p-, d- and f-block elements. Positions of hydrogen and noble gases. Atomic
and ionic radii, ionization potential, electron affinity, and electronegativity; Periodic anomalies.
UNIT IV
i) Thermodynamics: Definition of thermodynamic terms: Intensive and extensive variables,
isolated, closed and open systems. Cyclic, reversible and irreversible processes. Thermodynamic
functions and their differentials. Zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of heat (q) and work
(w). First law of thermodynamics, internal energy (U) and enthalpy (H); relation between Cp and Cv, calculation of w, q, ΔU and ΔH for expansion of ideal gas under isothermal and adiabatic conditions for reversible and irreversible processes including free expansion. Free energy:
Gibbs function (G) and Helmholtz function (A), Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, criteria for
thermodynamic equilibrium and spontaneity of a process. ii) Electrochemistry: Electrode
potential: Electrode potentials, Nernst Equation, reference electrodes: normal hydrogen
electrode and calomel electrodes, Emf of electrochemical cells and its measurement, electrode
potential series and its applications. iii) Solutions of non-electrolytes: Colligative properties of
solution, Raoult's Law, relative lowering of vapor pressure, osmosis and osmotic pressure;
elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point of solvents.
UNIT V
Chemical kinetics and catalysis: order and molecularity of reactions, rate laws and rate
equations for first order and second order reactions (differential and integrated forms); zero
order reactions. Determination of order of reactions. Temperature dependence of reaction rate,
energy of activation. Catalytic reactions: homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic reactions,
autocatalytic reactions, catalyst poisons, catalyst promoters (typical examples).
PRACTICALS: PHYSICAL & INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB (SBT 31204)
1. Measurement of the coefficient of viscosity
2. Measurement of the surface tension
3. Kinetics of ester hydrolysis
4. pH metric titration
5. Conductometric titration
6. Determination of total hardness of water by complexometric titration method
7. Determination of carbonate and bicarbonate in water
8. Estimation of iron by permanganometry.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. P. C. Rakshit, Physical Chemistry, Sarat Book House (7thEdition)
2. Cotton, F A,Wikinson G. and Gaus, P L, Basic Inorganic Chemistry
3. J. D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 4th Edition, ELBS, 1991
4. P. W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, ELBS/Oxford, 7th Edition, 1995
5. G.W.Castellan, Physical Chemistry
CELL BIOLOGY (SBT 32101)
UNIT I
Cell: Introduction and classification of organisms by cell structure, cytosol,
compartmentalization of eukaryotic cells, cell fractionation. Cell Membrane and Permeability:
Chemical components of biological membranes, organization and Fluid Mosaic Model,
membrane as a dynamic entity, cell recognition and membrane transport.
UNIT II
Membrane Vacuolar system, cytoskeleton and cell motility: Structure and function of
microtubules, Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments. Endoplasmic reticulum: Structure,
function including role in protein segregation. Golgi complex: Structure, biogenesis and
functions including role in protein secretion.
UNIT III
Lysosomes: Vacuoles and micro bodies: Structure and functions. Ribosomes: Structures and
function including role in protein synthesis. Mitochondria: Structure and function, Genomes,
biogenesis. Chloroplasts: Structure and function, genomes, biogenesis. Nucleus: Structure and
function, chromosomes and their structure.
UNIT IV
Extracellular Matrix: Composition, molecules that mediate cell adhesion, membrane receptors
for extra cellular matrix, macromolecules, regulation of receptor expression and function. Signal
transduction. Cancer: Carcinogenesis, agents promoting carcinogenesis, characteristics and
molecular basis of cancer.
PRACTICALS: CELL BIOLOGY LAB (SBT 32201)
1. Study the effect of temperature and organic solvents on semi permeable membrane.
2. Demonstration of dialysis.
3. Study of plasmolysis and de-plasmolysis.
4. Cell fractionation and determination of enzyme activity in organelles using sprouted seed or
any other suitable source.
5. Study of structure of any Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell.
6. Microtomy: Fixation, block making, section cutting, double staining of animal tissues like liver,
oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, intestine, kidney, ovary, testes.
7. Cell division in onion root tip/ insect gonads.
8. Preparation of Nuclear, Mitochondrial & cytoplasmic fractions.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Karp, G. 2010. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. 6th Edition. John Wiley
& Sons. Inc.
2. De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. 2006. Cell and Molecular Biology. 8th
edition.Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.
3. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. 2009. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th edition. ASM Press
& Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.
4. Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. 2009. The World of the Cell. 7th
edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco.
GENETICS (SBT 32103)
UNIT I
Mendelian Genetics and its Extension: Principles of inheritance, Incomplete dominance and co-
dominance, Multiple alleles, Lethal alleles, Epistasis, Pleiotropy, Sex-linked, sex-influenced and
sex-limited characters inheritance.
UNIT II
Linkage, Crossing Over and Chromosomal Mapping: Linkage and crossing over, Cytological basis
of crossing over, Molecular mechanisms of crossing over including models of recombination,
Recombination frequency as a measure of linkage intensity, Two factor and three factor crosses,
Interference and coincidence, Somatic cell hybridization.
UNIT III
Mutations: Types of gene mutations (Classification), Types of chromosomal aberrations
(Classification, figures and with one suitable example of each), Molecular basis of mutations in
relation to UV light and chemical mutagens; Detection of mutations: CLB method, attached X
method.
UNIT IV
Sex Determination: Chromosomal mechanisms of sex determination in Drosophila and Man.
UNIT V
Extra-chromosomal Inheritance: Criteria for extra-chromosomal inheritance, Antibiotic
resistance in Chlamydomonas, Mitochondrial mutations in Saccharomyces, Infective heredity in
Paramecium and Maternal effects.
UNIT VI
Polygenic Inheritance: Polygenic inheritance with suitable examples; simple numericals based
on it.
UNIT VII
Recombination in Bacteria and Viruses: Conjugation, Transformation, Transduction,
Complementation test in Bacteriophage.
UNIT VIII
Transposable Genetic Elements: Transposons in bacteria, Ac-Ds elements in maize and P
elements in Drosophila, Transposons in humans.
PRACTICALS: GENETICS LAB (SBT 32203)
1. Permanent and temporary mount of mitosis.
2. Permanent and temporary mount of meiosis.
3. Mendelian deviations in dihybrid crosses
4. Demonstration of - Barr Body -Rhoeo translocation.
5. Karyotyping with the help of photographs
6. Pedigree charts of some common characters like blood group, colour blindness and PTC
tasting.
7. Study of polyploidy in onion root tip by colchicine treatment.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Gardner, E.J., Simmons, M.J., Snustad, D.P. (2006). Principles of Genetics. VIII Edition John
Wiley & Sons.
2. Snustad, D.P., Simmons, M.J. (2009). Principles of Genetics. V Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc.
3. Klug, W.S., Cummings, M.R., Spencer, C.A. (2009). Concepts of Genetics. IX Edition. Benjamin
Cummings.
4. Russell, P. J. (2009). Genetics- A Molecular Approach. III Edition. Benjamin Cummings.
5. Griffiths, A.J.F., Wessler, S.R., Lewontin, R.C. and Carroll, S.B. IX Edition. Introduction to
Genetic Analysis, W. H. Freeman & Co.
CHEMISTRY 2: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (SBT 32105)
UNIT I
Stereochemistry: Representation of molecules in saw horse, Fischer, flying-wedge and Newman
formulae, symmetry elements, molecular chirality. Configuration: stereogenic units i)
stereocentres: systems involving 1, 2, 3 centres, stereogenicity, chirotopicity.
pseudoasymmetric (D/L and R/S descriptor, threo/erythro and syn/anti nomenclatures (for
aldols) , R/S descriptor; cis/trans, syn/anti, E/Z descriptors (for C=C, C=N).
UNIT II
Reactive intermediates: Carbocations (cabenium and carbonium ions), carbanions, carbon
radicals, carbenes – structure using orbital picture, electrophilic/nucleophilic behaviour,
stability, generation and fate (elementary idea).
UNIT III
Reaction Mechanism: SN1, SN2,SNi, E1 and E2 reactions (elementary mechanistic aspects),
Acidity and basicity of organic compounds. Nucleophilic and electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Emphasis on some important reactions like Aldol reactions, Oxidation-reduction reaction,
Claisen condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Esterification etc.
UNIT IV
Carbohydrate, Nitrogen compounds, Vitamins and amino acids: Introduction, occurrence and
classification of carbohydrates, constitution of glucose, osazone formation amines (aliphatic &
aromatic) [preparation, separation and identification of primary, secondary and tertiary
amines], basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity of aromatic amines. Structure and
classification, physical, chemical and optical properties of amino acids Structure and active
forms of water soluble and fat soluble vitamins.
PRACTICALS: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB (SBT 32205)
Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing monofunctional
groups (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines) and preparation of one
derivative.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Morrison, R. N. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.Ltd. (Pearson
Education).
2. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson
Education).
3. Sykes, P. A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman, New Delhi
(1988).
4. Clayden, J.; Greeves, N.; Warren, S.; Wothers, P.; Organic Chemistry, Oxford University Press.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (SBT 32102)
UNIT I
Structures of DNA and RNA / Genetic Materia: Miescher to Watson and Crick- historic
perspective, DNA structure, Salient features of double helix, Types of DNA, Types of genetic
material, denaturation and renaturation, cot curves. DNA topology - linking number,
topoisomerases; Organization of DNA Prokaryotes, Viruses, Eukaryotes. RNA Structure,
Organelle DNA - mitochondria and chloroplast DNA.
UNIT II
Replication of DNA (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes): Bidirectional and unidirectional replication,
semi- conservative, semi- discontinuous replication. Mechanism of DNA replication: Enzymes
and proteins involved in DNA replication –DNA polymerases, DNA ligase, primase, telomerase –
for replication of linear ends. Various models of DNA replication including rolling circle, D- loop mitochondrial , Ө theta mode of replication and other accessory protein, Mismatch and excision repair.
UNIT III
Transcription in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Definition, difference from replication, promoter -
concept and strength of promoter RNA Polymerase and the transcription unit Transcription in
Eukaryotes: RNA polymerases, general Transcription factors.
UNIT IV
Post-Transcriptional Processing: Split genes, concept of introns and exons, RNA splicing,
spliceosome machinery, concept of alternative splicing, Polyadenylation and capping,
Processing of rRNA, RNA interference: siRNA, miRNA and its significance.
UNIT V
Translation (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes): Translational machinery, Charging of tRNA,
aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, Mechanisms of initiation, elongation and termination of
polypeptides in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Fidelity of translation, Inhibitors of protein
synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryote
UNIT VI
Regulation of gene Expression in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Principles of transcriptional
regulation, regulation at initiation with examples from lac and trp operons, Sporulation in
Bacillus, Yeast mating type switching , Changes in Chromatin Structure - DNA methylation and
Histone Acetylation mechanisms.
PRACTICALS: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LAB (SBT 32202)
1. Study of different types of DNA and RNA using micrographs and model / schematic
representations.
2. Study of semi-conservative replication of DNA through micrographs / schematic
representations.
3. Isolation of genomic DNA from E. coli
4. Estimation of salmon sperm / calf thymus DNA using colorimeter (diphenylamine reagent) or
UV spectrophotometer (A260 measurement).
5. Estimation of RNA using colorimeter (orcinol reagent) or UV spectrophotometer (A260
measurement)
6. Resolution and visualization of DNA by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis.
7. Resolution and visualization of proteins by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Watson JD, Baker TA, Bell SP, Gann A, Levine M and Losick R (2008) Molecular Biology of the
Gene, 6th edition, Cold Spring Harbour Lab. Press, Pearson Publication
2. Becker WM, Kleinsmith LJ, Hardin J and Bertoni GP (2009) The World of the Cell, 7th edition,
Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco
3. De Robertis EDP and De Robertis EMF (2006) Cell and Molecular Biology, 8th edition.
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia
4. Karp G (2010) Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments, 6th edition, John Wiley
& Sons. Inc.
5. Sambrook J and Russell DW. (2001). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 4th Edition,
Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory press.
IMMUNOLOGY (SBT 32104)
UNIT I
Introduction: Concept of Innate and Adaptive immunity; Contributions of following scientists to
the development of field of immunology - Edward Jenner, Karl Landsteiner, Robert Koch, Paul
Ehrlich, Elie Metchnikoff, Peter Medawar, MacFarlane Burnet, Neils K Jerne, Rodney Porter and
Susumu Tonegawa.
UNIT II
Immune Cells and Organs: Structure, Functions and Properties of: Immune Cells – Stem cell, T
cell, B cell, NK cell, Macrophage, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil, Mast cell, Dendritic cell; and
Immune Organs – Bone Marrow, Thymus, Lymph Node, Spleen, GALT, MALT, CALT
UNIT III
Antigens: Characteristics of an antigen (Foreignness, Molecular size and Heterogeneity);
Haptens; Epitopes (T & B cell epitopes); T-dependent and T-independent antigens; Adjuvants.
UNIT IV
Antibodies: Structure, Types, Functions and Properties of antibodies; Antigenic determinants on
antibodies (Isotypic, allotypic, idiotypic); VDJ rearrangements; Monoclonal and Chimeric
antibodies.
UNIT V
Major Histocompatibility Complex: Organization of MHC locus (Mice & Human); Structure and
Functions of MHC I & II molecules; Antigen processing and presentation (Cytosolic and
Endocytic pathways)
UNIT VI
Complement System: Components of the Complement system; Activation pathways (Classical,
Alternative and Lectin pathways); Biological consequences of complement Activation
UNIT VII
Generation of Immune Response: Primary and Secondary Immune Response; Generation of
Humoral Immune Response (Plasma and Memory cells); Generation of Cell Mediated Immune
Response (Self MHC restriction, T cell activation, Co- stimulatory signals); Killing Mechanisms
by CTL and NK cells, Introduction to tolerance
UNIT VIII
Immunological Disorders and Tumor Immunity: Types of Autoimmunity and Hypersensitivity
with examples; Immunodeficiencies - Animal models (Nude and SCID mice), SCID, DiGeorge
syndrome, Chediak- Higashi syndrome, Leukocyte adhesion deficiency, CGD; Types of tumours,
tumour Antigens, causes and therapy for cancers.
UNIT IX
Immunological Techniques: Principles of Precipitation, Agglutination, Immunodiffusion,
Immunoelectrophoresis, ELISA, ELISPOT, Western blotting, Immunofluoresence, Flow
cytometry, Immunoelectron microscopy.
PRACTICALS: IMMUNOLOGY LAB (SBT 32204)
1. Identification of human blood groups.
2. Perform Total Leukocyte Count of the given blood sample.
3. Perform Differential Leukocyte Count of the given blood sample.
4. Separate serum from the blood sample (demonstration).
5. Perform immunodiffusion by Ouchterlony method.
6. Perform DOT ELISA.
7. Perform immunoelectrophoresis.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. (2007). Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 6th edition
Saunders Publication, Philadelphia. . Delves P, Martin S, Burton D, Roitt IM. . Roitt s Essential Immunology.11th edition
Wiley Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford. . Goldsby RA, Kindt TJ, Osborne BA. . Kuby s Immunology. th edition W.H. Freeman and Company, New York. . Murphy K, Travers P, Walport M. . Janeway s Immunobiology. th edition Garland
Science Publishers, New York.
5. Peakman M, and Vergani D. (2009). Basic and Clinical Immunology. 2nd edition Churchill
Livingstone Publishers, Edinberg.
6. Richard C and Geiffrey S. (2009). Immunology. 6th edition. Wiley Blackwell Publication.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (SBT 32106)
UNIT I
Anatomy: The shoot and root apical meristem and its histological organization, simple &
complex permanent tissues, primary structure of shoot & root, secondary growth, growth rings,
leaf anatomy (dorsi-ventral and isobilateral leaf)
UNIT II
Plant water relations and micro & macro nutrients: Plant water relations: Importance of water
to plant life, diffusion, osmosis, plasmolysis, imbibition, guttation, transpiration, stomata & their
mechanism of opening & closing. Micro & macro nutrients: criteria for identification of
essentiality of nutrients, roles and deficiency systems of nutrients, mechanism of uptake of
nutrients, mechanism of food transport
UNIT III
Carbon and nitrogen metabolism: Photosynthesis- Photosynthesis pigments, concept of two
photo systems, photphosphorylation, calvin cycle, CAM plants, photorespiration, compensation
point Nitrogen metabolism- inorganic & molecular nitrogen fixation, nitrate reduction and
ammonium assimilation in plants.
UNIT IV
Growth and development: Growth and development: Definitions, phases of growth, growth
curve, growth hormones (auxins, gibberlins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene). Physiological
role and mode of action, seed dormancy and seed germination, concept of photoperiodism and
vernalization.
PRACTICALS: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LAB (SBT 32206)
. Preparation of stained mounts of anatomy of monocot and dicot s root, stem & leaf. 2. Demonstration of plasmolysis by Tradescantia leaf peel.
3. Demonstration of opening & closing of stomata
4. Demonstration of guttation on leaf tips of grass and garden nasturtium.
5. Separation of photosynthetic pigments by paper chromatography.
6. Demonstration of aerobic respiration. 7. Preparation of root nodules from a leguminous plant.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Dickinson, W.C. 2000 Integrative Plant Anatomy. Harcourt Academic Press, USA.
2. Esau, K. 1977 Anatomy of Seed Plants. Wiley Publishers.
3. Fahn, A. 1974 Plant Anatomy. Pergmon Press, USA and UK.
4. Hopkins, W.G. and Huner, P.A. 2008 Introduction to Plant Physiology. John Wiley and Sons.
5. Mauseth, J.D. 1988 Plant Anatomy. The Benjammin/Cummings Publisher, USA.
6. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. 2004 Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 4th edition, W.H. Freeman
and Company, New York, USA.
7. Salisbury, F.B. and Ross, C.W. 1991 Plant Physiology, Wadsworth Publishing Co. Ltd. 8. Taiz, L.
and Zeiger, E. 2006 Plant Physiology, 4th edition, Sinauer Associates Inc .MA, USA.
BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY (SBT 33101)
UNIT I
Introduction to bioprocess technology. Range of bioprocess technology and its chronological
development. Basic principle components of fermentation technology. Types of microbial
culture and its growth kinetics– Batch, Fedbatch and Continuous culture.
UNIT II
Design of bioprocess vessels- Significance of Impeller, Baffles, Sparger; Types of
culture/production vessels- Airlift; Cyclone Column; Packed Tower and their application in
production processes. Principles of upstream processing – Media preparation, Inocula
development and sterilization.
UNIT III
Introduction to oxygen requirement in bioprocess; mass transfer coefficient; factors affecting
KLa. Bioprocess measurement and control system with special reference to computer aided
process control.
UNIT IV
Introduction to downstream processing, product recovery and purification. Effluent treatment.
Microbial production of ethanol, amylase, lactic acid and Single Cell Proteins.
PRACTICALS: BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY LAB (SBT 33201)
1. Bacterial growth curve.
2. Calculation of thermal death point (TDP) of a microbial sample.
3. Production and analysis of ethanol.
4. Production and analysis of amylase.
5. Production and analysis of lactic acid.
6. Isolation of industrially important microorganism from natural resource.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Casida LE. (1991). Industrial Microbiology. 1st edition. Wiley Eastern Limited.
2. Crueger W and Crueger A. (2000). Biotechnology: A textbook of Industrial Microbiology. 2nd
edition. Panima Publishing Co. New Delhi.
3. Patel AH. (1996). Industrial Microbiology. 1st edition, Macmillan India Limited.
4. Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and Hall SJ. (2006). Principles of Fermentation Technology. 2nd
edition, Elsevier Science Ltd.
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY (SBT 33103)
UNIT I
Molecular tools and applications- restriction enzymes, ligases, polymerases, alkaline
phosphatase. Gene Recombination and Gene transfer: Transformation, Episomes, Plasmids and
other cloning vectors (Bacteriophage-derived vectors, artificial chromosomes), Microinjection,
Electroporation, Ultrasonication, Principle and applications of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR),
primer-design, and RT- (Reverse transcription) PCR.
UNIT II
Restriction and modification system, restriction mapping. Southern and Northern hybridization.
Preparation and comparison of Genomic and cDNA library, screening of recombinants, reverse
transcription, Genome mapping, DNA fingerprinting, Applications of Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering in animals: Production and applications of transgenic mice, role of ES cells
in gene targeting in mice, Therapeutic products produced by genetic engineering-blood
proteins, human hormones, immune modulators and vaccines (one example each).
UNIT III
Random and site-directed mutagenesis: Primer extension and PCR based methods of site
directed mutagenesis, Random mutagenesis, Gene shuffling, production of chimeric proteins,
Protein engineering concepts and examples (any two).
UNIT IV
Genetic engineering in plants: Use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes, Ti plasmids,
Strategies for gene transfer to plant cells, Direct DNA transfer to plants, Gene targeting in plants,
Use of plant viruses as episomal expression vectors.
PRACTICALS: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY LAB (SBT 33203)
1. Isolation of chromosomal DNA from plant cells
2. Isolation of chromosomal DNA from E.coli.
3. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of DNA using spectrophotometer
4. Plasmid DNA isolation
5. Restriction digestion of DNA
6. Making competent cells
7. Transformation of competent cells.
8. Demonstration of PCR.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Brown TA. (2006). Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis. 5th edition. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford,
U.K.
2. Clark DP and Pazdernik NJ. (2009). Biotechnology-Applying the Genetic Revolution. Elsevier
Academic Press, USA.
3. Glick, B.R., Pasternak, J.J. (2003). Molecular Biotechnology- Principles and Applications of
recombinant DNA. ASM Press, Washington
4. Primrose SB and Twyman RM. (2006). Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics, 7th
edition. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, U.K.
5. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF and Maniatis T. (2001). Molecular Cloning-A Laboratory Manual. 3rd
edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
BIO ANALYTICAL TOOLS (SBT 33102)
UNIT I
Simple microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, florescence and electron microscopy (TEM and
SEM), pH meter, absorption and emission spectroscopy
UNIT II
Principle and law of absorption fluorimetry, colorimetry, spectrophotometry (visible, UV,
infrared), centrifugation, cell fractionation techniques, isolation of sub-cellular organelles and
particles.
UNIT III
Introduction to the principle of chromatography. Paper chromatography, thin layer
chromatography, column chromatography: silica and gel filtration, affinity and ion exchange
chromatography, gas chromatography, HPLC.
UNIT IV
Introduction to electrophoresis. Starch-gel, polyacrylamide gel (native and SDS-PAGE), agarose-
gel electrophoresis, pulse field gel electrophoresis, immuno-electrophoresis, isoelectric
focusing, Western blotting. Introduction to Biosensors and Nanotechnology and their
applications.
PRACTICALS: BIO ANALYTICAL TOOLS LAB (SBT 33202)
1. Native gel electrophoresis of proteins
2. SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis of proteins under reducing conditions.
3. Preparation of the sub-cellular fractions of rat liver cells.
4. Preparation of protoplasts from leaves.
5. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography.
6. To identify lipids in a given sample by TLC.
SUGGESTED BOOK:
1. Karp, G. 2010. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. 6th Edition. John
Wiley& Sons. Inc.
2. De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. 2006. Cell and Molecular Biology. 8th edition.
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.
3. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. 2009. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th edition. ASM Press
& Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.
4. Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. 2009 The World of the Cell. 7th
edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco.
GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS (SBT 33104)
UNIT I
Introduction to Genomics, DNA sequencing methods – manual & automated: Maxam & Gilbert
and Sangers method. Pyrosequencing, Genome Sequencing: Shotgun & Hierarchical (clone
contig) methods, Computer tools for sequencing projects: Genome sequence assembly software.
UNIT II
Managing and Distributing Genome Data: Web based servers and softwares for genome
analysis: ENSEMBL, VISTA, UCSC Genome Browser, NCBI genome. Selected Model Organisms'
Genomes and Databases.
UNIT III
Introduction to protein structure, Chemical properties of proteins. Physical interactions that
determine the property of proteins. Short-range interactions, electrostatic forces, van der waal
interactions, hydrogen bonds, Hydrophobic interactions. Determination of sizes (Sedimentation
analysis, gel filteration, SDS-PAGE); Native PAGE, Determination of covalent structures – Edman
degradation.
UNIT IV
Introduction to Proteomics, Analysis of proteomes. 2D-PAGE. Sample preparation,
solubilization, reduction, resolution. Reproducibility of 2D-PAGE. Mass spectrometry based
methods for protein identification. De novo sequencing using mass spectrometric data.
PRACTICALS: GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS LAB (SBT 33104)
1. Use of SNP databases at NCBI and other sites
2. Use of OMIM database
3. Detection of Open Reading Frames using ORF Finder
4. Proteomics 2D PAGE database
5. Softwares for Protein localization.
6. Native PAGE
7. SDS-PAGE
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Genes IX by Benjamin Lewin, Johns and Bartlett Publisher, 2006.
2. Modern Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, S.B. Primrose, Blackwell Publishing, 1987.
3. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA, 4th Edition, B.R.
Glick, J.J. Pasternak and C.L. Patten, 2010.
4. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (3rd Edition) Sambrook and Russell Vol. I to III,
1989.
5. Principles of Gene Manipulation 6th Edition, S. B. Primrose, R. M. Twyman and R.W. Old.
Blackwell Science, 2001.
6. Snustad, D.P., Simmons, M.J. (2009). Principles of Genetics. V Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc.
SKILL ENHANCEMENT SUBJECTS OFFERED BY THE DEPT. OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (for
Semester III):
SEC I : Molecular Diagnostics (SBT32109) (THEORY)
UNIT I
Enzyme Immunoassays: Comparison of enzymes available for enzyme immunoassays,
conjugation of enzymes. Solid phases used in enzyme immunoassays. Homogeneous and
heterogeneous enzyme immunoassays. Enzyme immunoassays after immuno blotting. Enzyme
immuno histochemical techniques. Use of polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies in enzymes
immuno assays. Applications of enzyme immunoassays in diagnostic microbiology
UNIT II
Molecular methods in clinical microbiology: Applications of PCR, RFLP, Nuclear hybridization
methods, Single nucleotide polymorphism and plasmid finger printing in clinical microbiology
Laboratory tests in chemotherapy: Susceptibility tests: Micro-dilution and macro-dilution broth
procedures. Susceptibility tests: Diffusion test procedures. Susceptibility tests: Tests for
bactericidal activity. Automated procedures for antimicrobial susceptibility tests.
UNIT III
Automation in microbial diagnosis, rapid diagnostic approach including technical purification
and standardization of antigen and specific antibodies. Concepts and methods in idiotypes. Anti-
idiotypes and molecular mimicry and receptors. Epitope design and applications.
Immunodiagnostic tests. Immuno florescence. Radioimmunoassay.
UNIT IV
GLC, HPLC, Electron microscopy, flow cytometry and cell sorting. Transgenic animals.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Practical Biochemistry, Principles and Techniques, Keith Wilson and John Walker
2. Bioinstrumentation, Webster
3. Advanced Instrumentation, Data Interpretation, and Control of Biotechnological Processes,
J.F. Van Impe, Kluwer Academic
4. Ananthanarayan R and Paniker CKJ. (2005). Textbook of Microbiology. 7th edition (edited by
Paniker CKJ). University Press Publication.
5. Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel JS and Morse SA. (2007). Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg s Medical Microbiology. 24th edition. McGraw Hill Publication. . Goering R, Dockrell H, Zuckerman M and Wakelin D. . Mims Medical Microbiology. th edition. Elsevier.
7. Joklik WK, Willett HP and Amos DB (1995). Zinsser Microbiology. 19th edition. Appleton
Centuary-Crofts publication.
SEC I : Molecular Modeling and Drug Designing (SBT32111) (THEORY)
UNIT I
Introduction to the concept of molecular modeling, molecular structure and internal
energy, applications of molecular graphics, coordinate systems, potential energy surfaces, local
and global energy minima. Molecular mechanics: general features of molecular mechanics-
force field, bond stretching, angle bending, torsional terms, non-bonded interactions; force
field parametrisation and transferability; energy minimization: derivative and non-
derivative methods, applications of energy minimization.
UNIT II
Molecular dynamics simulation methods: molecular dynamics using simple models,
molecular dynamics with continuous potential setting up and running a molecular dynamic
simulation, constraint dynamics; Monte Carlo simulation of molecules. Simulation for
conformational analysis.
UNIT III
Recent advances in drug design methodologies. Biomolecular structure, Structure activity
relationship, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacophoric pattern, ADME Properties, quantitative
structure activity relationship, Use of genetic algorithms and principle component analysis
in the QSAR equations.
UNIT IV
Macromolecular modeling Software tools for modelling bio-molecules. Molecular electrostatic
potentials, charge analyses. Protein conformations, folding and mutation through modelling-
design of ligands for known macro molecular target sites. Drug-receptor interaction, classical
SAR/QSAR studies and their implications to the 3-D modeler, 2-D and 3-D database searching,
pharmacophore identification and novel drug design.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Andrew Leach, Molecular Modelling: Principles and Applications (2nd Edition), Addison
Wesley Longman, Essex, England. 1996.
2. Alan Hinchliffe, Molecular Modelling for Beginners, John-Wiley and Sons New York, 2003
3. Cohen, N. (Ed.). Guide Book on Molecular Modelling in Drug Design, Academic Press, San
Diego, 1996.
4. Frenkel D. and B Smit, Understanding Molecular Simulations, From Algorithms to
Applications, Academic Press, San Diego, California. 1996.
SKILL ENHANCEMENT SUBJECTS OFFERED BY THE DEPT. OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (for
Semester IV):
SEC I : Enzymology (SBT32110) (THEORY)
UNIT I
Isolation, crystallization and purification of enzymes, test of homogeneity of enzyme
preparation, methods of enzyme analysis. Enzyme classification (rationale, overview and
specific examples) Zymogens and their activation (Proteases and Prothrombin). Enzyme
substrate complex: concept of E-S complex, binding sites, active site, specificity, Kinetics of
enzyme activity, Michaelis-Menten equation and its derivation, Different plots for the
determination of Km and Vmax and their physiological significance, factors affecting initial rate,
E, S, temp. & pH. Collision and transition state theories, Significance of activation energy and
free energy.
UNIT II
Two substrate reactions (Random, ordered and ping-pong mechanism) Enzyme inhibition types
of inhibition, determination of Ki, suicide inhibitor. Mechanism of enzyme action: General
mechanistic principle, factors associated with catalytic efficiency: proximity, orientation,
distortion of strain, acid-base, nucleophilic and covalent catalysis. Techniques for studying
mechanisms of action, chemical modification of active site groups, specific examples-:
chymotrypsin, Iysozyme, GPDH, aldolase, RNase, Carboxypeptidase and alcohol dehydrogenase.
Enzyme regulation: Product inhibition, feedback control, covalent modification.
UNIT III
Allosteric enzymes with special reference to aspartate transcarbomylase and phosphofructo
kinase. Qualitative description of concerted and sequential models. Negative cooperativity and
half site reactivity. Enzyme - Enzyme interaction, Protein ligand binding, measurements
analysis of binding isotherm, cooperativity, Hill and scatchard plots, kinetics of allosteric
enzymes. Isoenzymes– multiple forms of enzymes with special reference to lactate
dehydrogenase. Multienzyme complexes. Ribozymes. Multifunctional enzyme-eg Fatty Acid
synthase.
UNIT IV
Enzyme Technology: Methods for large scale production of enzymes. Immobilized enzyme and
their comparison with soluble enzymes, Methods for immobilization of enzymes. Immobilized
enzyme reactors. Application of Immobilized and soluble enzyme in health and industry.
Application to fundamental studies of biochemistry. Enzyme electrodes. Thermal stability and
catalytic efficiency of enzyme, site directed mutagenesis and enzyme engineering– selected
examples, Delivery system for protein pharmaceuticals, structure function relationship in
enzymes, structural motifs and enzyme evolution. Methods for protein sequencing. Methods for
analysis of secondary and tertiary structures of enzymes. Protein folding in vitro & in vivo.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Biochemistry, Lubert Stryer, 6th Edition, WH Freeman, 2006. . Harper s illustrated Biochemistry by Robert K. Murray, David A Bender, Kathleen M. Botham,
Peter J. Kennelly, Victor W. Rodwell, P. Anthony Weil. 28th Edition, McGrawHill, 2009.
3. Biochemistry, Donald Voet and Judith Voet, 2nd Edition, Publisher: John Wiley and Sons,
1995.
4. Biochemistry by Mary K. Campbell & Shawn O. Farrell, 5th Edition, Cenage Learning,2005.
5. Fundamentals of Enzymology Nicholas Price and Lewis Stevens Oxford University Press 1999
6. Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics Athel Cornish-Bowden Portland Press 2004
7. Practical Enzymology Hans Bisswanger Wiley–VCH 2004
8. The Organic Chemistry of Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions Richard B. Silverman Academic Press
2002.
SEC I : Basics of Forensic Science (SBT32112) (THEORY)
UNIT I
Introduction and principles of forensic science, forensic science laboratory and its organization
and service, tools and techniques in forensic science, branches of forensic science, causes of
crime, role of modus operandi in criminal investigation. Classification of injuries and their
medico-legal aspects, method of assessing various types of deaths.
UNIT II
Classification of fire arms and explosives, introduction to internal, external and terminal
ballistics. Chemical evidence for explosives. General and individual characteristics of
handwriting, examination and comparison of handwritings and analysis of ink various samples.
UNIT III
Role of the toxicologist, significance of toxicological findings, Fundamental principles of
fingerprinting, classification of fingerprints, development of finger print as science for personal
identification.
UNIT IV
Principle of DNA fingerprinting, application of DNA profiling in forensic medicine, Investigation
Tools, eDiscovery, Evidence Preservation, Search and Seizure of Computers, Introduction to
Cyber security.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Molecular Biotechnology- Principles and Applications of recombinant DNA. ASM Press,
Washington.
2. B.B. Nanda and R.K. Tiwari, Forensic Science in India: A Vision for the Twenty First Century,
Select Publishers, New Delhi (2001).
3. M.K. Bhasin and S. Nath, Role of Forensic Science in the New Millennium, University of Delhi,
Delhi (2002).
4. S.H. James and J.J. Nordby, Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative
Techniques, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005).
5. W.G. Eckert and R.K. Wright in Introduction to Forensic Sciences, 2nd Edition, W.G. Eckert
(ED.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (1997).
6. R. Saferstein, Criminalistics, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2004). . W.J. Tilstone, M.L. Hastrup and C. Hald, Fisher s Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2013).
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE' PAPERS OFFERED BY THE DEPT. OF BIOTECHNOLOGY*:
DSE – I
1. Bioinformatics (THEORY) [SBT33105]
1.Introduction to Bioinformatics: Introduction, Branches of Bioinformatics, Aim, Scope and
Research areas of Bioinformatics.
2. Databases in Bioinformatics: Introduction, Biological Databases, Classification format of
Biological Databases, Biological Database Retrieval System.
3. Biological Sequence Databases: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI): Tools
and Databases of NCBI, Database Retrieval Tool, Sequence Submission to NCBI, Basic local
alignment search tool (BLAST), Nucleotide Database, Protein Database, Gene Expression
Database. EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database (EMBL-Bank): Introduction, Sequence Retrieval,
Sequence Submission to EMBL, Sequence analysis tools. DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ):
Introduction, Resources at DDBJ, Data Submission at DDBJ. Protein Information Resource (PIR):
About PIR, Resources of PIR, Databases of PIR, Data Retrieval in PIR. Swiss-Prot: Introduction
and Salient Features.
4. Sequence Alignments: Introduction, Concept of Alignment, Multiple Sequence Alignment
(MSA), MSA by CLUSTALW, Scoring Matrices, Percent Accepted Mutation (PAM), Blocks of
Amino Acid Substitution Matrix (BLOSUM).
5. Molecular Phylogeny: Methods of Phylogeny, Software for Phylogenetic Analyses, Consistency
of Molecular Phylogenetic Prediction.
6. Applications of Bioinformatics: Structural Bioinformatics in Drug Discovery, Quantitative
structure-activity relationship (QSAR) techniques in Drug Design, Microbial genome
applications, Crop improvement
Bioinformatics Lab(PRACTICAL) [SBT33205]
1. Nucleic acid and protein databases.
2. Sequence retrieval from databases.
3. Sequence alignment.
4. Sequence homology and Gene annotation.
5. Construction of phylogenetic tree.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Ghosh Z. and Bibekanand M, Bioinformatics: Principles and Applications. Oxford University
Press. (2008)
2. Pevsner J, Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics. II Edition. Wiley-Blackwell. (2009)
3. Campbell A. M., Heyer L. J. Discovering Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics. II Edition.
Benjamin Cummings. (2006)
2. Biostatistics (THEORY) [SBT33107]
1. Definition - statistical methods - basic principles. Variables - measurements, functions,
limitations and uses of statistics.
2. Collection of data primary and secondary: Types and methods of data collection procedures -
merits and demerits. Classification - tabulation and presentation of data - sampling methods.
3. Measures of central tendency: Mean, median, mode, geometric mean - merits & demerits.
Measures of dispersion - range, standard deviation, mean deviation, quartile deviation - merits
and demerits; Co- efficient of variations.
4. Correlation: Types and methods of correlation, regression, simple regression equation, fitting
prediction, similarities and dissimilarities of correlation and regression.
5. Statistical inference: Hypothesis - simple hypothesis - student 't' test - chi square test.
Biostatistics Lab (PRACTICAL) [SBT33207]
1. Calculation of mean, standard deviation and standard error.
2. Calculation of correlation coefficient values and finding out the probability.
3. Calculation of F value and finding out the probability value for the F value.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Le CT (2003) Introductory biostatistics. 1st edition, John Wiley, USA
2. Glaser AN (2001) High Yield TM Biostatistics. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA
3. Edmondson A and Druce D (1996) Advanced Biology Statistics, Oxford University Press.
4. Danial W (2004) Biostatistics : A foundation for Analysis in Health Sciences, John Wiley and
Sons Inc.
3. Evolutionary Biology (THEORY) [SBT33109]
1. Life s Beginnings: Chemogeny, RNA world, Biogeny, Origin of photosynthesis, Evolution of
eukaryotes.
2. Historical review of evolutionary concept: Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism
3. Evidences of Evolution: Fossil record (types of fossils, transitional forms, geological time
scale, evolution of horse, Molecular (universality of genetic code and protein synthesising
machinery, three domains of life, neutral theory of molecular evolution, molecular clock
,example of globin gene family, rRNA/cyt c.
4. Sources of variations: Heritable variations and their role in evolution
5. Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg Law (statement and derivation of equation, application
of law to human Population); Evolutionary forces upsetting H-W equilibrium; Natural selection
(concept of fitness, selection coefficient, derivation of one unit of selection for a dominant allele,
genetic load, mechanism of working, types of selection, density-dependent selection,
heterozygous superiority, kin selection, adaptive resemblances, sexual selection. Genetic Drift mechanism, founder s effect, bottleneck phenomenon; Role of Migration and Mutation in
changing allele frequencies.
6. Product of evolution: Micro evolutionary changes (inter-population variations, clines, races,
Species concept, Isolating mechanisms, modes of speciation—allopatric, sympatric, Adaptive
radiation / macroevolution (exemplified by Galapagos finches)
7. Phylogenetic trees, Multiple sequence alignment, construction of phylogenetic trees,
interpretation of trees
2015
Evolutionary Biology Lab (PRACTICAL) [SBT33209]
1. Study of fossils from models/ pictures.
2. Study of homology and analogy from suitable specimens.
3. Study and verification of Hardy-Weinberg Law by chi square analysis.
4. Demonstration of role of natural selection and genetic drift in changing allele frequencies
using simulation studies.
5. Graphical representation and interpretation of data of height/ weight of a sample of 100
humans in relation to their age and sex.
6. Construction of phylogenetic trees with the help of bioinformatics tools (Clustal X, Phylip, NJ)
and its interpretation.
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Ridley, M (2004) Evolution III Edition Blackwell publishing
2. Hall, B.K. and Hallgrimson, B (2008). Evolution IV Edition. Jones and Barlett Publishers.
3. Campbell, N.A. and Reece J.B (2011). Biology. IX Edition. Pearson, Benjamin, Cummings.
4. Douglas, J. Futuyma (1997). Evolutionary Biology. Sinauer Associates.
DSE – II
1. Developmental Biology (THEORY) [SBT33111]
1. Definition, scope & historical perspective of development Biology, Gametogenesis –
Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis Fertilization - Definition, mechanism, types of fertilization.
Different types of eggs on the basis of yolk.
2. Cleavage: Definition, types, patterns & mechanism Blastulation: Process, types & mechanism.
Gastrulation: Morphogenetic movements– epiboly, emboly, extension, invagination,
convergence, de-lamination. Formation & differentiation of primary germ layers, Fate Maps in
early embryos.
3. Differentiation: Cell commitment and determination- the epigenetic landscape: a model of
determination and differentiation, control of differentiation at the level of genome, transcription
and post-translation level Concept of embryonic induction: Primary, secondary & tertiary
embryonic induction, Neural induction and induction of vertebrate lens.
4. Neurulation, notogenesis, development of vertebrate eye. Fate of different primary germ
layers Development of behaviour: constancy & plasticity, Extra embryonic membranes, placenta
in Mammals.
Developmental Biology Lab (PRACTICAL) [SBT33211]
1. Identification of developmental stages of chick and frog embryo using permanent mounts
2. Preparation of a temporary stained mount of chick embryo
3. Study of developmental stages of Anopheles.
4. Study of the developmental stages of Drosophila from stock culture/ photographs..
5. Study of different types of placenta.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Gilbert, S. F. (2006). Developmental Biology, VIII Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers,
Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
2. Balinsky, B.I. (2008). An introduction to Embryology, International Thomson Computer Press.
3. Kalthoff, (2000). Analysis of Biological Development, II Edition, McGraw-Hill Professional.
2. Medical Microbiology (THEORY) [SBT33113]
1. Introduction: Normal microflora of human body, nosocomial infections, carriers, septic shock,
septicemia, pathogenicity, virulence factors, toxins, biosafety levels. Morphology, pathogenesis,
symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, preventive measures and chemotherapy of gram positive
bacteria: S.aureus, S.pyogenes, B.anthracis, C.perferinges, C.tetani, C.botulinum, C.diphtheriae
M.tuberculosis, M. leprae.
2. Morphology, pathogeneis, symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, preventive measures and
chemotherapy caused by gram negative bacteria: E.coli, N. gonorrhoea, N. meningitidis, P.
aeruginosa, S. typhi, S. dysenteriae, Y. pestis, B. abortus, H. influenzae, V. cholerae, M. pneumoniae,
T. pallidum M. pneumoniae, Rickettsiaceae, Chlamydiae.
3. Diseases caused by viruses- Picornavirus, Orthomyxoviruses, Paramyxoviruses,
Rhabdoviruses, Reoviruses, Pox virus, Herpes virus, Papova virus, Retro viruses (including
HIV/AIDS) and Hepatitis viruses.
4. Fungal and Protozoan infections. Dermatophytoses (Trichophyton, Microsporun and
Epidermophyton) Subcutaneous infection (Sporothrix, Cryptococcus), systemic infection
(Histoplasma, Coccidoides) and opportunistic fungal infections (Candidiasis, Aspergillosis),
Gastrointestinal infections (Amoebiasis, Giardiasis), Blood-borne infections (Leishmaniasis,
Malaria)
Medical Microbiology Lab (PRACTICAL) [SBT33213]
1. Identification of pathogenic bacteria (any two) based on cultural, morphological and
biochemical characteristics.
2. Growth curve of a bacterium.
3. To perform antibacterial testing by Kirby-Bauer method.
4. To prepare temporary mounts of Aspergillus and Candida by appropriate staining. . Staining methods: Gram s staining permanent slides showing Acid fast staining, Capsule
staining and spore staining.
SUGGESTED BOOKS: . Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel JS and Morse SA. . Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg s Medical
Microbiology. 24th edition. McGraw Hill Publication. . Goering R, Dockrell H, Zuckerman M and Wakelin D. . Mims Medical Microbiology. 4th
edition. Elsevier. . Willey JM, Sherwood LM, and Woolverton CJ. . Prescott, Harley and Klein s
Microbiology. 7th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education.
3. Ecology and Environment Management (THEORY) [SBT33115]
1. Our Environment: Geological consideration of Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere Scope
of Ecology. Development & Evolution of Ecosystem. Principles & Concepts of Ecosystem.
Structure of ecosystem. Strata of an ecosystem. Types of ecosystem including habitats.
Cybernetics & Homeostasis. Biological control of chemical environment.
2. Energy transfer in an Ecosystem. Food chain, food web, Energy budget, Production &
decomposition in a system. Ecological efficiencies, Trophic structure & energy pyramids,
Ecological energetic, principles pertaining to limiting factors, Bio-geochemical cycles (N, C, P
cycles).
3. Pollution & environmental Health related to Soil, Water, Air, Food, Pesticides, Metals,
Solvents, Radiations, Carcinogen, Poisons. Detection of Environmental pollutant. Indicators &
detection systems. Bio-transformation, Plastic, Aromatics, Hazardous wastes Environmental
cleanup: Case studies.
4. Environmental biotechnologies, Biotechnologies in protection and preservation of
environment. Bioremediation, Waste disposal.
Ecology and Environment Management Lab (PRACTICAL) [SBT33215]
1. Study of all the biotic and abiotic components of any simple ecosystem- natural pond or
terrestrial ecosystem or human modified ecosystem.
2. Determination of population density in a terrestrial community or hypothetical community
by quadrate method and calculation of the Simpson s and Shannon- Weiner diversity index for
the same community.
3. Principle of GPS (Global Positioning System).
4. Study of the life table and fecundity table, plotting of the three types of survivorship curves
from the hypothetical data.
5. Study of the types of soil, their texture by sieve method and rapid tests for –pH, chlorides,
nitrates, carbonates and organic carbon
6. Study any five endangered/ threatened species- one from each class.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Chapman, J.L., Reiss, M.J. 1999. Ecology: Principles and applications (2nd edition) Cambridge
University Press.
2. Divan Rosencraz, Environmental laws and policies in India, Oxford Publication.
3. Ghosh, S.K., Singh, R. 2003. Social forestry and forest management. Global Vision Publishing
House
4. Joseph, B., Environmental studies, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
5. Michael Allabay, Basics of environmental science, Routledge Press.
6. Miller, G.T. 2002. Sustaining the earth, an integrated approach. (5thedition) Books/Cole,
Thompson Learning, Inc.
7. Mohapatra Textbook of environmental biotechnology IK publication.
8. Rana SVS, Environmenta lpollution – health and toxicology, Narosa Publication
9. Sinha, S. 2010. Handbook on Wildlife Law Enforcement in India. TRAFFIC, India.
10. Thakur, I S, Environmental Biotechnology, I K Publication.
DSE – III
1. Environmental Biotechnology (THEORY) [SBT33106]
1. Conventional fuels and their environmental impact – Firewood, Plant, Animal, Water, Coal
and Gas. Modern fuels and their environmental impact – Methanogenic bacteria, Biogas,
Microbial hydrogen Production, Conversion of sugar to alcohol Gasohol
2. Bioremediation of soil & water contaminated with oil spills, heavy metals and detergents.
Degradation of lignin and cellulose using microbes. Phyto-remediation. Degradation of
pesticides and other toxic chemicals by micro-organisms- degradation aromatic and chlorinates
hydrocarbons and petroleum products.
3. Treatment of municipal waste and Industrial effluents. Bio-fertilizers, Role of symbiotic and
asymbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria in the enrichment of soil. Algal and fungal biofertilizers
(VAM).
4. Bioleaching, Enrichment of ores by microorganisms (Gold, Copper and Uranium).
Environmental significance of genetically modified microbes, plants and animals.
Environmental Biotechnology lab (PRACTICALS) [SBT33206]
1. Calculation of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of water sample.
2. Calculation of BOD of water sample.
3. Calculation of COD of water sample.
4. Bacterial Examination of Water by MPN Method.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Environmental Science, S.C. Santra
2. Environmental Biotechnology, Pradipta Kumar Mohapatra
3. Environmental Biotechnology – Concepts and Applications, Hans-Joachim Jordening and Jesef
Winter
4. Waste Water Engineering, Metcalf and Eddy, Tata McGraw hill
5. Agricultural Biotechnology, S.S. Purohit
6. Environmental Microbiology : Methods and Protocols, Alicia L. Ragout De Spencer, John F.T.
Spencer
7. Introduction to Environmental Biotechnology, Milton Wainwright
8. Principles of Environmental Engineering, Gilbert Masters
9. Wastewater Engineering – Metcalf & Eddy
2. Intellectual Property Rights (THEORY) [SBT33108]
1. Introduction to intellectual property right (IPR): Concept and kinds. Economic importance.
IPR in India and world: Genesis and scope, some important examples.IPR and WTO (TRIPS,
WIPO).
2. Patents: Objectives, Rights, Patent Act 1970 and its amendments. Procedure of obtaining
patents, Working of patents. Infringement.
3. Copyrights: Introduction, Works protected under copyright law, Rights, Transfer of Copyright,
Infringement.
4. Trademarks: Objectives, Types, Rights, Protection of goodwill, Infringement, Passing off,
Defenses, Domain name.
5. Geographical Indications: Objectives, Justification, International Position, Multilateral
Treaties, National Level, Indian Position.
6. Protection of Traditional Knowledge: Objective, Concept of Traditional Knowledge, Holders,
Issues concerning, Bio-Prospecting and Bio-Piracy, Alternative ways, Protectability, need for a
Sui-Generis regime, Traditional Knowledge on the International Arena, at WTO, at National
level, Traditional Knowledge Digital Library.
7. Industrial Designs: Objectives, Rights, Assignments, Infringements, Defenses of Design
Infringement
8. Protection of Plant Varieties: Plant Varieties Protection-Objectives, Justification, International
Position, Plant varieties protection in India. Rights of farmers, Breeders and Researchers.
National gene bank, Benefit sharing. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act, .
9. Information Technology Related Intellectual Property Rights: Computer Software and
Intellectual Property, Database and Data Protection, Protection of Semi-conductor chips,
Domain Name Protection
10. Biotechnology and Intellectual Property Rights: Patenting Biotech Inventions: Objective,
Applications, Concept of Novelty, Concept of inventive step, Microorganisms, Moral Issues in
Patenting Biotechnological inventions.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Bare Act, 2007.Indian Patent Act 1970 Acts & Rules, Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
2. Kankanala C (2007). Genetic Patent Law & Strategy, 1st Edition, Manupatra Information
Solution Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
3. Mittal, D.P. (1999). Indian Patents Law, Taxmann, Allied Services (p) Ltd.
4. Singh K K (2015). Biotechnology and Intelectual Property Rights: Legal and Social
Implications, Springer India.
5. Goel D & Prashar S (2013). IPR, Biosafety and Bioethics. Pearson
6. Senthil Kumar Sadhasivam and Mohammed Jaabir, M. S. 2008. IPR, Biosafety and
biotechnology Management. Jasen Publications, Tiruchirappalli, India.
3. Microbial Physiology (THEORY) [SBT33110]
1. Microbial Growth and Effect of Environment on Microbial Growth: Definitions of growth,
measurement of microbial growth, Batch culture, Continuous culture, generation time and
specific growth rate, synchronous growth, diauxic growth curve, Microbial growth in response
to environment -Temperature (psychrophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, extremophiles,
thermodurics, psychrotrophs), pH (acidophiles, alkaliphiles), solute and water activity
(halophiles, xerophiles, osmophilic), Oxygen (aerobic, anaerobic, microaerophilic, facultative
aerobe, facultative anaerobe),barophilic. Microbial growth in response to nutrition and energy –
Autotroph/Phototroph, heterotrophy, Chemolithoautotroph, Chemolithoheterotroph,
Chemoheterotroph, Chemolithotroph, photolithoautotroph, Photoorganoheterotroph.
2. Nutrient uptake and Transport: Passive and facilitated diffusion, Primary and secondary
active transport, concept of uniport, symport and antiport, Group translocation, Iron uptake.
3. Chemoheterotrophic Metabolism - Aerobic Respiration: Concept of aerobic respiration,
anaerobic respiration and fermentation, Sugar degradation pathways i.e. EMP, ED, Pentose
phosphate pathway, TCA cycle, Electron transport chain: components of respiratory chain,
comparison of mitochondrial and bacterial ETC, electron transport phosphorylation, uncouplers
and inhibitors.
4. Chemoheterotrophic Metabolism- Anaerobic respiration and fermentation: Anaerobic
respiration with special reference to dissimilatory nitrate reduction (Denitrification;
nitrate/nitrite and nitrate/ammonia respiration; fermentative nitrate reduction), Fermentation
- Alcohol fermentation and Pasteur effect; Lactate fermentation (homofermentative and
heterofermentative pathways), concept of linear and branched fermentation pathways.
5. Chemolithotrophic and Phototrophic Metabolism: Introduction to aerobic and anaerobic
chemolithotrophy with an example each. Hydrogen oxidation (definition and reaction) and
methanogenesis (definition and reaction) Introduction to phototrophic metabolism - groups of
phototrophic microorganisms, anoxygenic vs. oxygenic photosynthesis with reference to
photosynthesis in green bacteria, purple bacteria and cyanobacteria.
Microbial Physiology Lab (PRACTICAL) [SBT33210]
1. Study and plot the growth curve of E. coli by turbidometric and standard plate count methods.
2. Calculations of generation time and specific growth rate of bacteria from the graph plotted
with the given data.
3. Effect of temperature on growth of E. coli.
4. Effect of pH on growth of E. coli.
5. Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on growth of E.coli.
6. Effect of salt on growth of E. coli.
7. Demonstration of alcoholic fermentation.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Gottschalk G. (1986). Bacterial Metabolism. 2nd edition. Springer Verlag
2. Madigan MT, Martinko JM and Parker J. (2003). Brock Biology of Microorganisms.10th
edition. Pearson/ Benjamin Cummings.
3. Moat AG and Foster JW. (2002). Microbial Physiology. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons.
4. Reddy SR and Reddy SM. (2005). Microbial Physiology. Scientific Publishers India.
5. Stanier RY, Ingrahm JI, Wheelis ML and Painter PR. (1987). General Microbiology. 5th edition,
McMillan Press. . Willey JM, Sherwood LM, and Woolverton CJ. . Prescott, Harley and Klein s
Microbiology. 7th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education.
* Purely Theoretical Papers with 6 credits.
DSE - IV: Dissertation
Each student will submit dissertation and deliver seminar on their project work under the
supervision of a faculty member. The comprehensive seminar on the project work will be evaluated
by external expert.
*These are purely Theoretical Papers with 6 credits.
ELECTIVE ZOOLOGY SYLLABUS GENERIC ELECTIVE (GE) (ELECTIVE ZOOLOGY) PAPERS OFFERED BY THE DEPT. OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY*:
ELECTIVE ZOOLOGY I
GE 1: DIVERSITY OF LIFE FORMS (THEORY) (SBT 31105) (SEMESTER I)
Unit 1. Protista
General characters of Protozoa; Life cycle of Plasmodium; Conjugation in Paramoecium.
Unit 2. Porifera
General characters and canal system in Porifera
Unit 3. Radiata
General characters of Cnidarians and polymorphism
Unit 4. Aceolomates
General characters of Helminthes; Life cycle of Taeniasolium
Unit 5. Pseudocoelomates
General characters of Nemethehelminthes; Parasitic adaptations
Unit 6. Coelomate Protostomes
General characters of Annelida; Metamerism.
Unit 7. Arthropoda
General characters; Social life in insects; Communication in Honey Bees.
Unit 8. Mollusca
General characters of mollusca; Torsion in gastropoda.
Unit 9. Coelomate Deuterostomes
General characters of Echinodermata; Water Vascular system in Starfish.
Unit 10. Protochordata
Salient features
Unit 11. Pisces
Outline of classification; Parental care in Fish.
Unit 12. Amphibia
General characters; Outline of classification;Paedogenesis.
Unit 13. Reptilia
Amniotes; Origin of reptiles; Outline of classificationin reptiles.
Unit 14. Aves
General characters; Flight adaptations
Unit 15. Mammalia
Outline of classification; Dentition in mammals.
ELECTIVE ZOOLOGY LAB I
DIVERSITY OF LIFE FORMS (PRACTICAL) (SBT 31205)
1. Identification and Classification of Any these of the following:
a. Non-chordate specimens: Scypha, Obelia, Sea-anaemone, Ascaris, Hirudinaria, Scorpion,
Bombyx mori, Achatina, Loligo, Starfish, Balanoglossus.
b. Chordate specimens: Branchiostoma, Petromyzon, Scolidon, Lates, Axolotl larva, Tylototriton,
Gekko; Hemidactylus, Turtle, Naja, Chiroptera.
2. Ecological Note – On any of the specimens in Exercise No 1.
3. Models of dissection of Cockroach - Cockroach: Digestive, Reproductive, Nervous System.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Barnes, R.D. (1992). Invertebrate Zoology. Saunders College Pub. USA.
2. Ruppert, Fox and Barnes (2006) Invertebrate Zoology. A functional Evolutionary Approach
7th Edition, Thomson Books/Cole
3. Campbell & Reece (2005). Biology, Pearson Education, (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd.
4. Kardong, K. V. (2002). Vertebrates Comparative Anatomy. Function and Evolution. Tata
McGraw Hill Publishing Company. New Delhi.
5. Raven, P. H. and Johnson, G. B. (2004). Biology, 6th edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publications.
New Delhi
ELECTIVE ZOOLOGY II
GE 2: ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES, EVOLUTION AND BIODIVERSITY (THEORY) (SBT 31106)
(SEMESTER II)
Unit 1: Introduction to Ecology
History of ecology, Autecology and synecology, Levels of organization.
Unit 2: Population
Unitary and Modular populations. Unique and group attributes of population: Density, natality,
mortality, life tables, fecundity tables, survivorship curves, age ratio, sex ratio, dispersal and
dispersion. Exponential and logistic growth, equation and patterns, r and K strategies.
Population regulation - density-dependent and independent factors.
Unit 3: Community
Community characteristics: species richness, dominance, diversity, Ecotone and edge effect.
Ecological succession with one example.
Unit 4: Ecosystem
Types of ecosystems with one example in detail, definition, components, energy flow, food
chain, food web, ecological pyramids.
Unit 5: Historical review of evolutionary concept
Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism, Geological time scale.
Unit 6: Sources of variations and Population genetics
Heritable variations and their role in evolution, Hardy-Weinberg Law (statement and derivation
of equation, application of law to human Population); Evolutionary forces upsetting H-W
equilibrium; Natural selection (concept of fitness, selection coefficient, derivation of one unit of
selection for a dominant allele, genetic load, mechanism of working, types of selection, density-
dependent selection, heterozygous superiority, kin selection, adaptive resemblances, sexual
selection. Genetic Drift (mechanism, founder s effect, bottleneck phenomenon; Role of Migration and Mutation in changing allele frequencies), Speciation.
Unit 7: Animal Behaviour
Instinctive and learning behaviour, Fixed action pattern, Communication in honeybees (dance
Language), Elements of Sociobiology: Altruism and selfishness.
Unit 8: Biodiversity
Basic concept of Biodiversity, Biodiversity hotspots, Conservation of wild life- purpose &
methods, concept of Biosphere Reserve, importance & strategies of wildlife conservation;
conservation act and application. National park & Wildlife Sanctuary, Animal cruelty and
prevention act.
ELECTIVE ZOOLOGY LAB II
ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES, EVOLUTION AND BIODIVERSITY (PRACTICAL) (SBT 31206)
1. Study of life tables and plotting of survivorship curves of different types from the
hypothetical/real data provided.
2. Determination of population density in a natural/hypothetical community by quadrate
method and calculation of Shannon-Weiner diversity index for the same community.
3. Report on a visit to National Park/Biodiversity Park/Wild life sanctuary.
4. Study of fossils from models/ pictures.
5. Study and verification of Hardy-Weinberg Law by chi square analysis.
6. Construction of phylogenetic trees and its interpretation.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Colinvaux, P. A. (1993). Ecology. II Edition. Wiley, John and Sons, Inc.
2. Krebs, C. J. (2001). Ecology. VI Edition. Benjamin Cummings.
3. Odum, E.P., (2008). Fundamentals of Ecology. Indian Edition. Brooks/Cole
4. Robert Leo Smith Ecology and field biology Harper and Row publisher
5. Ricklefs, R.E., (2000). Ecology. V Edition. Chiron Pres
6. Ridley,M (2004) Evolution III Edition Blackwell publishing
7. Douglas, J. Futuyma (1997). Evolutionary Biology. Sinauer Associates.