ANAT 2020 MARCH 2015 EOB TEST 1

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SCHOOL OF ANATOMICAL SCIENCES

HUMAN ANATOMY FOR MBBCH II, BHSc II & BSc (Biomed Eng) III

COURSE CODE: ANAT 2020

TEST 1: 23rd MARCH 2015

TIME: 2h30 Minutes TOTAL MARKS: 100

Instructions:

1. Answer all questions.

2. Write your Anatomy number on each answer book.

3. Relevant and correctly labelled diagrams may be used to enhance your answers.

4. ONLY scripts written in blue or black ink will be marked.

5. Pencil may be used ONLY for drawings.

SECTION A: MORPHOLOGICAL ANATOMY 60 MARKS

i. Answer all Morphological Anatomy questions No 1- 6 in the GREEN book ii. Begin your answer to a question on a fresh page.

SECTION B: HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 40 MARKS

i. Answer all Histology and Embryology questions in the WHITE book. ii. Begin your answer to a question on a fresh page.

ANAT 2020 MARCH 2015 EOB TEST 1

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SECTION A: MORPHOLOGICAL ANATOMY 60 MARKS (UPPER LIMB AND THORAX) Question 1 Draw a well labelled diagram of the brachial plexus indicating the infraclavicular branches of the plexus. (7 marks)

Question 2 Describe the boundaries and list the contents of the cubital fossa. (5 marks) Question 3 Describe the origin, course and list the branches of the ulnar artery in the forearm and wrist only. (6 marks) Question 4

a. Tabulate the movements occurring at the fifth metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint

and the muscles involved in each case. (6 marks)

Movement at 5th MCP joint Muscle(s) producing movement at 5th MCP joint

b. Explain the effect(s) on the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint following damage to the

ulnar nerve at the level of the elbow. (2 marks)

Question 5 a. Describe the boundaries of the superior and inferior thoracic apertures.

i. Superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet) (3 marks)

ii. Inferior thoracic aperture (thoracic outlet) (4 marks)

b. Tabulate the muscles of a typical intercostal space with their actions. (5 marks)

Muscle Actions

b. List the parts of the parietal pleura and their respective innervations. (4 marks)

Question 6

a. List the auscultation sites of the four heart sounds on the anterior chest wall.

(5 marks) b. List the normal (typical) distribution of the right coronary artery. (6 marks) c. List the contents of the superior mediastinum from anterior to posterior. (7 marks)

ANAT 2020 MARCH 2015 EOB TEST 1

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SECTION B: HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 40 MARKS

Question 1 List the Junctional complexes of the lateral domain of epithelial cells and give the main function of each. (4 marks) Question 2 Briefly describe the difference between Apocrine and Merocrine modes of secretion. (2 marks) Question 3 Describe the histological structure and function of a Neutrophil. (4 marks) Question 4 Describe the histological structure of Elastic cartilage with regard to the following:

− Presence/absence of a surrounding connective tissue and its regions − Cellular arrangement and location within the tissue − Extracellular matrix constituents (4 marks)

Question 5 Describe the process of Intramembranous ossification and give an example of where this process takes place. (8 marks) Question 6 With regard to Cardiac muscle, answer the following questions:

a) Describe the histological structure of its muscle fibres. (3 marks) b) Give the structure and function of each component which allows for muscle

contraction. (3 marks) Question 7 Neuroglia cells are supporting cells of the central nervous system. Characterize these cells by their major types and state the function of each. (4 marks) Question 8 Briefly describe Interventricular septation of the developing heart. (8 marks)